Inter 1st Year

Self-assessment with TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Papers Set 4 allows students to take charge of their own learning.

TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Paper Set 4 with Solutions

Time : 3 Hours
Max Marks : 100

सूचना : प्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयप्रश्नान् विहाय सर्वे प्रश्नाः संस्कृतभाषायैव समाधातव्याः ।
Note : Except Q. Nos. 1,2 & 3 all other questions should be answered in Sanskrit (Devanagari Script) only.

1. एकं श्लोकं पूरयित्वा तस्य भावं लिखत । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. कुसुमस्तबकस्येव ……………….. एव वा ।
जवाब:
कुसुमस्तबकस्येव द्वयी वृत्तिर्मनस्विनः ।
मूर्ध्नि वा सर्वलोकस्य शीर्यते वन एव वा ॥

Substance: There are only two ways for a noble-minded person just as for a bunch of flowers to be on the head of the world or to wither away in the forest.

2. संपत्सु महतां ………………. कर्कशम् ।
जवाब:
संपत्सु महतां चित्तं भवत्युत्पलकोमलम् ।
आपत्सु च महाशैलशिलासंघातकर्कशम् ॥

Substance: The heart of the noble becomes soft like the lotus in prosperity. It is hard like a mountain rock during adversity.

II. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्ता । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. श्रुङ्गिबेरपुरात् आरब्धं रामस्य वनवासं वर्णयत ।
Describe Rama’s stay in the forests starting from Sringi berapura.
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson fag: is taken from the first canto of Balakanda in the Ramayana, written by sage Valmiki. Here Narada briefly narrates the story of Rama to Valmiki.

Valmiki’s question: Once sage Valmiki asked Narada whether there was any person at that time who was virtuous, strong, followed dharma, grateful, truthful and resolute. Narada said that Rama who was born in the family of the Ikshvakus was such a person. He was benevolent to the people, pure, self-restrained and endowed with wisdom.

Dasaratha’s desire : His father wanted to install him as the crown prince in the interest of the people. But his wife Kaikeyi asked the boons of banishment of Rama and the coronation of her son Bharata. पूर्वं दत्तवरा देवी वरमेनमयाचत । The truthful Dasaratha was bound by the bond of duty, and sent Rama to forest. Lakshmana followed his brother showing his brotherly affection. तं ब्रजन्तं प्रियो लक्ष्मणोऽनुजगाम ह। Sita, the daughter of king Janaka, and the virtuous wife of Rama also followed her husband.

Meeting with Guha : At Stringiberapura, Rama sent his charioteer. There he met Guha, the lord of the foresters. Rama reached Chitrakuta, and stayed there at the command of Bharadwaja. Dasaratha died weeping for his son. Bharata rejected the kingdom offered to him by Vasishtha and others, and went to the forest to plead with Rama. नियुज्यमानो राज्याय नैच्छद्राज्यं महावलः ।

Gift of the Padukas : When Bharata requested him to be the king, Rama declined. He gave his padukas to Bharata as deposit. Bharata installed them on the throne and ruled from Nandigrama.

In the Dandaka forest: Rama went to the Dandaka forest. There he killed Viradha, and visited sage Sarabhanga and Agastya. He received from Agastya the bow of Indra, a sword and a pair of quivers with inexhaustible arrows.

The promise to the sages: The sages living in the Dandaka forest met Rama, and requested him to kill the demons. Rama promised them that he would kill the demons in the forest, and also in the war.

Rama killed fourteen thousand demons: There the demoness Surpanakha was disfiguered. Rama killed Khara, Trisiras, Dushana and their followers who were instigated by Surpanakha. He killed fourteen thousand demons while living in the forest. रक्षसां निहतान्यासन् सहस्राणि चतुर्दश ।

2. कृष्णबलरामयोः विद्याभ्यासं ताभ्यां दत्तां गुरुदक्षिणां च वर्णयत ।
Describe the education, and the Gurudakshina of Krishna and Balarama.
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson is an extract from the tenth skandha of the Bhagavata Purana written by sage Veda Vyasa. The lesson describes the education of Krishna and Balarama, and the bringing back of their teacher’s son from death.

Upanayana of Krishna and Balarama: Vasudeva performed the Upanayana ceremony of his sons Krishna and Balarama. Krishna and Balarama received the Gayatri mantra from Garga, the family priest of the Yadus. They concealed their divine nature and behaved like humans.

Education of Krishna and Balarama : They went to Sandipani, a native of Kashi and a resident of the city of Avanti for studies. He taught them all the Vedas along with their ancillaries and Upanishads.He also taught them the science of archery, dharma, logic, the science of debate and the six varieties of polity. They grasped everything by just listening once सकृन्निगदमात्रेण तौ सञ्जगृहतुर्नृप । They mastered sixty four arts in sixtyfour days and nights. They pleased the teacher by offering him gurudakshina.

Sandipani’s desire: The teacher understood their greatness and asked that his son, who was drowned in the ocean at Prabhasa be brought back. They agreed and went to the sea. The lord of the ocean worshipped them. सिन्धुर्विदित्वार्हण माहरत्तयोः । Krishna asked him to return the son of their preceptor who was seized by him.

The death of Panchajana: The Ocean said that it was the demon Panchajana, who lived underwater who took the boy away. Krishna immediately jumped into the water, and killed the demon. But he did not find the boy in his belly जलमाविश्य तं हत्वा नापश्यदुदरेऽर्भकम् । Krishna took the conch Panchajanya born of his body. Yama returned the boy: Then, along with Balarama, he went to Samyamani, the city of Yama worshipped them with devotion. He asked him what he could do for them. लीलामनुष्य हे विष्णो युवयोः करवाम किम् ? Krishna asked him to give him the son of his preceptor. Yama did so. Krishna and Balarama handed him over to their preceptor, and asked him to ask for more.

Blessings of the teacher: The teacher said that he had no more desires as he was their teacher. को नु युष्मद्विधगुरोः कामानामवशिष्यते ? He blessed them to attain fame and said that their wisdom would stay with them forever. Then Krishna and Balarama returned to their home.

III. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्ता । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. जीवहरः केन उपायेन राज्यमधितस्यौ । सोदाहरणं उल्लिखत ।
जवाब:
रश्नोयं पि.वि.काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृतगद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थात् ‘दयालुः दालशीलः नागार्जुनः’ इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
The essay ‘दयालु दानशीलः नागार्जुन:’ was taken from the संस्कृतगद्यावलिः which was written by Sri. P. V. Kane.

Once upon a time, there was lived a king Chirayu. He had a minister Nagarjuna who was very kind, altruistic and full of knowledge. He made a medicine which made Chirayu the king and himself without senility and death. In the past Nagarjuna lost his dearest son at an early age. He was moved by this situation and decided to make elixir to make people death free.

By knowing this king Indra ordered the God of medicine Aswinidevatas to convey his words. They made nearer to Nagarjuna and conveyed the order to him. After listening Nagarjuna withdraw the work of making elixir. After that Aswinidevatas explained Indra what was happened there.

Mean while the king Chirayu made his son Jeevahara prince. When the prince Jeevahara came to take the blessings from his mother Dhanapara, she said, go to the house of Nagarjuna and ask his head. This is the only way for you to become king. Jeevahara decided to make his mother’s words true.

The next day Jeevahara went to Nagarjuna’s home asked him to give his head. By listening his wish Nagarjuna made his neck available to cut. King Chirayu came to stop Nagarjuna from giving his head, but he couldn’t do stop it. After that situation Chirayu felt desolated and tried to kill himself.

While doing this an unknown voice spoke “Dear Chirayu, don’t feel bothered. Your friend Nagarjuna got salvation as Buddha got.” By listening these words he `changed his mind, went to forest and got noble place. Jeevahara became king. The sons of Nagarjuna, who didn’t digest the death of his father, made the king- dom scattered and killed Jeevahara. Dhanapara also died who couldn’t digest the death of her son.

2. शिबचक्रवर्तिनः भूतदयां विवृणुत ?
जवाब:
This question is taken from the lesson “शरणागत रक्षणम्” Which was extracted from the book ‘’संस्कृततृतीयादर्श:’ written by K.L.V Sastri.

In the past the king Sibi ruled the kingdom Ushinara. He was very emphathetic that he felt the pain of a small creature like his own.

Once, the eagle followed a pigeon for its prey. With this pigeon afraid and reached king Sibi and asked him for help. Sibi also gave assurance to pigeon. Mean while the eagle also entered the king’s palace and requested him to give it the pigeon and satisfy prey of it. The king refused for this and stood on his decision. After that he said “O dear eagle its my duty as a king to save the bird”. After listening the words, of king Sibi, the eagle replied to him- O King you protected that pigeon which has been my meal. So, help me in satisfying my hunger in another way.” Then the king assured the eagle that it will receive other food by giving his own flesh.

Then the eagle replied, “If you decided give flesh instead of pigeon for me the meat from right side of your body weighing equal to the pigeon.” The king agreed for this and looked into the eyes of his wife to do as decided.

She also understand the king’s silence and brought the sword and started cut- ting the flesh from the right side of the king’s body. Then put it in a balance to measure the weight of flesh with the pigeon. The flesh weight is not equalled to the pigeon’s because it is increasing when ever the flesh is put in balance. Finally the king sat on the other side of the balance.

At this time the eagle and the pigeon revealed their true forms and saids the king – “We are gods of Air and Rain respectively. We came here to test your com- passion towards small creatures. You passed this.” With their blessings the king become normal and ruled the kingdom for a longtime with same compassion, love and justice.

IV. चतुर्णां प्रश्नानां समाधानानि लिखत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. वणिजः सखा वणिक्पत्नीं किमिति आश्वासयामास ?
जवाब:
वणिजः पत्नीतु आत्मनः शिशोः च त्रातारम् अपश्यन्ती स्वपतेः सखयां कश्चित वणिजमेत्य “भ्रातः निश्शरणा अस्मि” इति निवेदयामास । सः तामालोक्य ” भवति पुत्रवत्याः तव कुतः शोकः । त्वत्पुत्रः यावत् त्वद्रक्षणे क्षमः स्यात् तावत् मगृहे वस । मा भौषीः” इति आश्वासयामास । सा सती तत्रैव निवसन्ती पुत्रस्य विद्याभ्यासं कारयामास ।

2. हीरालाल ः मात्रा दत्ताः रोटिकाः किमकरोत् ?
जवाब:
हीरालालः एकां रोटिकां खादित्वा अपराः तिस्रः रोटिकाः पाथेयरूपेण अङ्गवस्त्रे बद्ध्वा वृत्तेः अन्वेषणाय नगरीं प्रस्थितवान् ।

3. नीलाम्बा पुत्रेभ्यः धनं दत्वा कि उक्तवती ?
जवाब:
पुत्राः ! इतः परम वर्षे त्रीन् मासान् भवत्सु एकैकस्यापि गृहे पर्यायक्रमेण वस्यामि इति ।

4. राजा सुकृतशर्मा एकदा किं अचिन्तयत् ?
जवाब:
एकदा राजा अचिन्तयत् – मम नाम जनानां जिह्वासु यथा नृत्येत् तथा भव्यः कश्चन प्रासादः निर्मातव्यः इति ।

5. संजीवः कुत्र निवसति ? विद्यालयं च सः कथमागच्छति ?
जवाब:
संजीवः समृद्धे सुविधासम्पन्न रमणीये च प्रासादे निवसति, पत्थहं भृत्येन सह वाहनेन विद्यालयमागच्छति ।

6. अब्दुलकलामः कैः पुरस्कारैः सम्मानितः ?
जवाब:
अब्दुल कलामः पद्मभूषण, पद्मविभूषण, भारतरत्न इत्यादि पुरस्कारैः सम्मानितः ।

7. कुण्डिनपत्तने धनपालकः नाम श्रेष्ठी किं करोति ?
जवाब:
कुण्डिनपत्तने धनपालको नाम श्रेष्ठी आत्मानम् आश्रितवद्भ्यः वृद्धिं विना मूलधनं दत्वा तान् वाणिज्ये व्यापारयतीति साहायं करोतिस्म ।

8. संजीवस्य पिता किमभिधाय राजीवं अभ्यनन्दत् ?
जवाब:
साधु वत्स ! साधु ! ईदृशा एव प्रशस्याः । अस्माकं देशे यदा सर्वे जनाः ईदृशाः भविष्यन्ति तदा राष्ट्रोन्नतिः सुनिश्चिता’ इत्यभिधाय परं प्रीतः सन् पुनः पुनः तमभ्यनन्दत् ।

V. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भ व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. नियुज्यमानो राज्यां नैच्छद्राज्यं महाबलः ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं महर्षि वाल्मीकिना विरचितात् श्रीमद्रामायणे बालकाण्डात् प्रथमसर्गात् रामो विग्रहवान धर्मः इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – भरताय राज्याय नियोज्यमान सन्दर्भे, भरतस्य स्थितिः कविना अत्र वर्णिता ।
भावः – वसिष्ठादि प्रमुखाः भरतं राज्ये प्रतिष्ठितुमैच्छन् । किन्तु भरतः तं नाङ्गीकृतवान् ।

2. तस्मिन्कर्मणि संसिद्धे पर्यष्वजत फलगुणम् ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् महाभारत ग्रन्थात् लक्ष्यशुद्धिः – इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भ: – लक्ष्यभेदन रूपे कार्यसिद्धे द्रोणः अर्जुनं आलिङ्गितवान् । तदानीं कविः वचनमिदं ।
भावः – लक्ष्यभेदन रूपे कार्ये अर्जुनेन साधिते आचार्यः तं आलिङ्गितवान् इति भावः ।

3. सिन्धुर्विदित्वार्हणमाहस्तयोः ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् श्रीमहाभागवत पुराणात् श्रीकृष्णस्य गुरुदक्षिणा इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – गुरुबालकं आनेतुं रामकृष्णौ प्रभासे समुद्रतीरं जग्मतुः । तदा कवेर्वचनमिदम् ।
भावः – समुद्रः बलरामकृष्णयोः आगमनं ज्ञात्वा तयोः पूजां यथावत् कृतवान् ।

4. ततो विहाय मां गत्वा वैकुण्ठं पुच्छतं युवाम् |
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं श्री सन्निधानं सूर्यनारायण शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् पूर्णपात्रम् इति पुस्तकात् ”गानपरीक्षा” इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – स्पर्धमानौ नारद – तुम्बुरौ ब्रह्मा वाक्यमिदं जगादः ।
भावः – नारदो मे पुत्रः । अतः तारतम्यं वक्तुं न अहं अर्हः । अस्मिन् विषये विष्णुः प्रष्टव्यः इति भावः ।

VI. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भ व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. नित्यरुदिते दुर्भगे मङ्गलोज्झिते कि चिरं रोदिषि ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृतगद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थात् ‘वीरवनिता कीर्तिसेना’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – कीर्तिसेनायाः श्वश्रूः तां प्रति कोपं प्रदर्शयन् एवं अवदत् ।
भावः – नित्यरुदिते, अदृष्टहीने, अमङ्गलरूपिणी बहुकालात् रोदनकार्यं किं करोषि ।

2. राज्यलोभः बान्धवस्नेहं अतिवर्तते ।
जवाब:
परिचयः – वाक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृत गद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थांत् ‘दलायुः दानशीलः नागार्जुनः’ इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – कविः कथायाः ग्राह्यं नीति एवं बोधयति ।
अर्थः – राज्य सम्पदा आकृष्टः मनुष्यः बन्धुवर्गाणां प्रेम अपि न लक्ष्यते ।

3. राजन् मांसदाने तवास्ति खेद इति अश्रुबिन्दुः कथयति ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं के. एल. वी. शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘संस्कृ-ततृतीयादर्श:’ इत्यस्मात् ग्रन्थात् ‘शरणागतरक्षणम’ इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भ: – श्येनः शिबि प्रति वाक्यमिदं उवाच ।
भावः – भूपते ! मांस प्रदानेन तुभ्यं दुःखं भवति इति तव अश्रुं दृष्ट्वा अवगाम्यते ।

4. कथं वा नौ प्रतिवचनं न ददासि |
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं चारुदेवशास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘साहित्यसुधा’ इति ग्रन्थे ‘पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – पुत्र वियोगेन दुःखितौ श्रवणस्य पितरौ, तं स्मृत्वा एवं आक्रन्दन्तौ वाक्यमिदं ऊचतुः ।
भावः – पुत्र! आवयोः वचनानि श्रुत्वाऽपि किमर्थं न भाषसे ।

VII. द्वौ प्रश्नौ समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. सन्तः सन्मित्रलक्षणं किमिति प्रवदन्ति ?
जवाब:
पापात् निवारयति, सत्कर्मणि नियोजयति, रहस्यं कदापि न प्रकटीकरोति, सद्गुणान् सर्वैः वदन्ति, आपदे कदापि न त्यजति, काले ददाति एतानिसन्मित्र – लक्षणमिति सन्तः वदन्ति ।

2. नारद – तुम्बुरौ परस्परं निन्दन्तौ किं कुरुतः ?
जवाब:
नारद – तुम्बुरौ परस्परं निन्दन्तौ ब्रह्माणं समीपं गत्व आवयोः तारतम्यं निर्णीयतां इति अयाचताम् ।

3. गुरुः बीभत्सं पुनः किमाह ?
जवाब:
लोके त्वत् समः अन्यः धनुर्धरः न भविता’ इति गुरुः बीभत्सुं पुनः आह ।

4. मन्दः अपि कि अध्यैषि ?
जवाब:
मन्दः अपि गीर्वाणवाणयाः त्रिचतुः पदानि अथ्यैषि ।

VIII. द्वौ प्रश्न समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. वणिजो धनपालितस्य का बभूव ?
जवाब:
वणिजो धनपालितस्य कीर्तिसेनाभिधाना लावण्यवती कन्या बभूव ।

2. वैनतेयं प्रणयकुपितं विज्ञाय भगवान् किमिति चिन्तयामास ?
जवाब:
वैनतेयं प्रणयकुपितं विज्ञाय भगवान् एवम् चिन्तयामास – “अहो ! स्थाने कोपे वैनतेयस्य । तत् स्वयमेव गत्वा सम्मानपुरस्सरं तमानयामि” इति ।

3. कस्य नुनं नरके वासः भवेत् ?
जवाब:
पुत्रः स्वेन कृतं कर्मणा माता पितरं दुःखं जनयति, तस्य नूनं नरके वासः भवेत् ।

4. केन कारणेन जगदीशः वैद्यशास्त्रं अध्येतुं असमर्थः आसीत् ?
जवाब:
वारं वारं ज्वरपीडन कारणेन जगदीश : वैद्यशास्त्रं अध्येतुम असमर्थः आसीत् ।

IX. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. के काञ्चनमाश्रयन्ते ?
जवाब:
सर्वेगुणाः काञ्चनमाश्रयन्ते ।

2. गुहः कः ?
जवाब:
गुहः निषादाधिपतिः ।

3. गुरुः पार्थाय कि नामानं अस्त्रं ददौ ?
जवाब:
गुरुः पार्यायं ब्रह्मशिरो नामानं अस्त्रं ददौ ।

4. प्राणिनां परं सुखदा का ?
जवाब:
प्राणिनां परं सुखदा जननी ।

5. कृष्णबलरामौ क्या आचार्यं धन्दयामासतुः ?
जवाब:
कृष्णबलरामौ गुरुदक्षिणया आचार्य छन्दयामासतुः ।

X. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. किं त्वं साम्प्रतं प्रजापतिं जेतुमुद्यतः इति क्योः उक्तिः ?
जवाब:
किं त्वं साम्प्रतं प्रजापतिं जेतुमुद्यतः इति अश्विनी देवतयोः उक्तिः ।

2. व्याधिमुक्तो वसुदत्तः कीर्तिसेनायै किं दातुमैच्छत् ?
जवाब:
व्याधिमुक्तो वसुदत्तः कीर्तिसेनायै अश्वरत्नाढ्यं खं राज्यं दातुमैच्छत् ।

3. कः दुर्जयः ?
जवाब:
समवायः दुर्जयः ।

4. सरयूतीरवर्तनीं अरण्यानीं कः जगाम ?
जवाब:
सरयूतीरवर्तनीं अरण्यानीं महाराजो दशरथः जगाम ।

5. मासत्रयं इंग्लाण्डदेशे वसन् जगदीशः किं समागतवान् ?
जवाब:
मासत्रयं इंग्लाण्ड्देशे वसन् जगदीशः मार्कोनी महोदयं समागतवान् ।

XI. संवित्परीक्षा | (5 × 1 = 5)

पुरा धारानगर्यां कश्चित् कर्षकः एकाम् अद्भुतां कुक्कुटीम् अपालयत् । सा कुक्कुटी प्रतिदिनं एकैकं सुवर्णमयम् अण्डं ददाति स्म । तेन सः कर्षकः अतीव धनवान् अजायत । प्रतिदिनं सुवर्णं प्राप्नुवतः अपि तस्य लोभः अतीव अवर्धत | एकदा सः अचिन्तयत् दिने दिने स्वल्पमात्रस्य सुवर्णस्य प्राप्त्या प्रयोजनं नास्ति । अतः कुक्कुट्याः उदरात् सर्वमपि सुवर्णम् एकदैव ग्रहीष्यामि । तथा निश्चित्य कर्षकः कुक्कुटीं हत्वा तस्याः उदरम् अपाटयत् । तस्मिन् तु एकम् अण्डम् अपि न आसीत् । कर्षकस्य अतिलोभेन स्वर्णदायिनी कुक्कुटी विनष्टा

नीति : अतिलोभात् जनः विनश्यति ।

1. कर्षकः कां अपालयत्
जवाब:
कर्षकः एकां अद्भुतां कुक्कुटीं अपालयत् ।

2. कुक्कुटी प्रतिदिनं किं ददाति स्म ?
जवाब:
कुक्कुटी प्रतिदिनं एकैकं सुवर्णमयं अण्डं ददाति स्म ।

3. तथा निश्चित्य कर्षकः किं अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
तथा निश्चित्य कर्षक: कुक्कुटीं हत्वा तस्याः उदरं अपाटयत् ।

4. केन कुक्कुटी विनष्टा ?
जवाब:
कर्षकस्य अतिलोभेन कुक्कुटी विनष्टा ।

5. अस्याः कथायाः का नीतिः ?
जवाब:
“अतिलोभात् जनः विनश्यति’ इति अस्याः कथायाः नीतिः ।

XII. चत्वारि सन्धिनामनिर्देशसहितं विघटयत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. गुरुपदेश:
2. गङ्गेति
3. दिवौकसः
4. तावत्र
5. प्रत्युपकारः
6. गायक:
7. भानोऽत्र
8. महर्षभः
जवाब:
1. गुरुपदेश: = गुरु + उपदेश: (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. गङ्गेति = गङ्गा + इति (गुणसन्धिः)
3. दिवौकसः = दिवा + ओकसः (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
4. तावत्र = तौ + अत्र (अयवायावसन्धिः)
5. प्रत्युपकारः = प्रति + उपकार (यणादेशसन्धिः)
6. गायकः = गै + अकः (अयवायावसन्धिः)
7. भानोऽत्र = भानो + अत्र (पुर्वरूपसन्धिः)
8. महर्षभः = महा + ऋषभ: (गुणसन्धिः)

XIII. चत्वारि नामनिर्देशसहितं सन्धत्त । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. विद्या + आलयः
2. महा + उत्सवः
3. प्रति + अहम्
4. यदि + एवम्
5. परम + एश्वर्यम्
6. गौरी + अनुरागः
7. गुरों + अव
8. नै + अक:
जवाब:
1. विद्या + आलय: = विद्यालयः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. महा + उत्सव: = महोत्सवः (गुणसन्धिः)
3. प्रति + अहम् = प्रत्यहम् (यणादेशसन्धिः)
4. यदि + एवम् = यद्येवम् (यणादेशसन्धिः)
5. परम + ऐश्वर्यम् = परमैश्वर्यम् (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
6. गौरी + अनुरागः = गौर्यनुरागः (यणादेशसन्धिः)
7. गुरो + अव = गुरोऽव (पूर्वरूपसन्धिः)
8. नै + अकः = नायक: (अयवायावसन्धिः)

XIV द्वयोः शब्दयो अन्त- लिङ्ग वचन निर्देशसहितं रूपाणि लिखत | (2 × 4 = 8)

1. कवि
जवाब:

2. मति
जवाब:

3. किम् – नपुंसकलिङ्गः
जवाब:

XV. द्वयोः धात्वोः निर्दिष्टानि लकाररूपाणि लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. यच्छेत्
जवाब:

2. अलिखत्
जवाब:

3. लभेत
जवाब:

4. पठिष्यति
जवाब:

XVI. संस्कृतभाषया अनुवदत । (5 × 1 = 5.)

1. India is the land of work.
जवाब:
भारतदेशः कर्मभूमिः ।

2. Speech is the ornament.
जवाब:
वाग्भूषणम् भूषणम् ।

3. Be righteous.
जवाब:
धर्मं चर |

4. Leader rules the state.
जवाब:
नायकः राष्ट्रं पालयति ।

5. Mother land excells even heaven.
जवाब:
जन्मभूमिः स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी ।

Thoroughly reviewing AP Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 3 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

AP Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 3 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 100

Section – A

I. Annotate ANY TWO of the following in 10 to 15 lines each : (2 × 4 = 8)

(a) Character is not merely a copy of book ideal. It is the wisest national policy that can be conceived by any statesman.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson “What Makes a Nation”. In his inspiring speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology, in the year 1948, Rajaji gave a number of suggestions to the youth. One such advice is given here.

Explanation: According to Rajagopalachari, youth of India should maintain good character. If India has to develop, people should be straight forward in their attitude¹. Character is not simply a word to note but it depends² upon the activity³. Character should be with integrity⁴ and morality⁵. A statesman has to stress upon it and should guide the people to follow the path of rectitude. It should be useful for the development of the nation. Freedom, which gave the people, a new way of life, should be saved. Thus a glorious⁶ future would be in store for the nation.

General Relevance: India’s independence should be guarded by each every citizen of the country. Character is the need of the hour. The real meaning of the word should be known and followed.

1. ఆలోచనా విధానము
2. ఆధారపడి యుండును
3. కార్యక్రమము
4. సమగ్రత
5. నీతి
6. ఘనమైన

సందర్భము : సి. రాజగోపాలాచారి రచించిన “What Makes a Nation” అనబడే పాఠం నుండి ఈ లైను తీసికొనబడినది. సి. రాజగోపాలాచారి చాలా భావస్ఫోరకమైన సంభాషణ చేశాడు. ఇది నాగపూరు Institute of Technology లో 1948లో ఇవ్వబడినది. ఆయన సలహాలనిస్తూ విద్యార్థులకు కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన గమనింపదగిన మాటలు చెప్పారు.

వివరణ : రాజాగోపాలాచారి ఉద్దేశం ప్రకరము, భారతీయ యూత్కు మంచి ప్రవర్తన కావాలి. భారతదేశం అభివృద్ధి చెందాలంటే -ప్రజలు తమ ప్రవర్తనలో నిజాయితీ కలిగి యుండాలి. శీలము అనునది కేవలం పేరు పెట్టి, అనేది మాత్రమే కాదు. అది కార్యక్రమము మీద ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. శీలము అనేది విద్య, సమగ్రత, నీతి అనువాని మీద ఆధారపడుతుంది. ఒక రాజకీయవేత్త దానిమీద ఒత్తి పలకాలి తిన్నని మార్గంలో పయనించడానికి, ప్రజలను మార్గంలో నడిపించాలి. అది జాతి సంక్షేమం కొరకు ఉపయోగపడాలి. స్వాతంత్య్రము, ఒక క్రొత్త జీవితాన్ని చూపింది. దానిని రక్షించాలి. ఈ విధంగా ఒక ఘనమైన భారతదేశాన్ని మనం నిలబెట్టుకొనాలి.

సాధారణ భావన : భారతీయ స్వాతంత్ర్యము ప్రతి ఒక్కరు భద్రపరచుచూ కొన్ని ప్రజలు చేసే దాని మీద ఆధారపడియుంటుంది. దానికి నిజమైన అర్థము తెలిసి ఉండాలి. అది అనుసరింపబడాలి.

(b) “Someday I will prove, without a doubt, the truth of what happened to me.”
Answer:
Context : This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.

Explanation:
Arunima Sinha was injured¹ in her train journey to Delhi. She was thrown on the other track, by the criminals. A train ran over her left leg. She was amputated². She was in the hospital bed for recovery³. A rod was inserted in her right leg. In spite of all this, she had a firm opinion to withstand⁴ the challenge. She said that she would one day come out of the calamity⁵ and would prove to be successful. In her words, she expressed her inner passion to scale the Everest. Anyhow she was successful.

General Relevance: To reach the goal in one’s life is a great thing. But it involves a lot of effort. The obstructions could not deter her decision and she climbed the mountain. Many people were amazed at this deed.

1. గాయపడెను
2. అవయవము కోయబడుట
3. కోలుకొనుట
4. సహించుట, ఎదిరించి నిలబడుట
5. ఇబ్బంది
6. గట్టివాంఛ
7. ఎక్కుట
8. కలిగించుట
9. చలింపజేయుట
10. ఆశ్చర్యపడుట

సందర్భము : : డా॥ సౌజన్య గారు సేకరించిన, “She Conquered Everest” అనే పాఠములో నుండి ఈ ప్యాసేజి తీసుకొనబడింది. అది, ధైర్యము గల అమ్మాయి అయిన అరుణిమ సిన్హా మరియు ఆమె యొక్క జీవితాశయం గురించినదై యున్నది.

వివరణ : ఢిల్లీ వెళుతున్న ప్రయాణంలో అరుణిమ సిన్హా గాయపడ్డారు. ఆ నేరస్తులు ఆమెను అవతలి ట్రాక్ మీదకి విసరివేశారు. ఒక రైలు ఆమె యొక్క ఎడమ కాలి మీదుగా పోయింది. ఆమె కాలు తెగగొట్టారు. ఆమె బాగుపడడానికి ఆసుపత్రిలో బెడ్ మీదనున్నారు. ఆమె కుడికాలిలో ఒక రాడ్ పెట్టారు. ఆమె ఇన్ని బాధలున్నా తన యొక్క ఛాలెంజిని విరమించలేదు. ఒకానొకదినాన ఆమె తన ఇబ్బందుల నుండి బయటికివచ్చి తనను తాను నిరూపించుకొనగలనంటున్నది. ఆమె తన మనసులోని కోరిక, ఎవరెస్టునధిరోహించాలనే ఆలోచనను ఈ మాటలలో వ్యక్తపరిచారు. ఏది ఏమైనా ఆమె జయంపొందారు.

సాధారణ భావన : గమ్యం చేరగలగడం అనేది ఒక వ్యక్తి జీవితంలో చాలా గొప్ప విషయం. కానీ దానికి చాలా శ్రమ అవసరము. ఆటంకములు ఆమె మనస్సులో నిర్ణయాన్ని మార్చలేకపోయింది. ఆమె ఆ పర్వతాన్ని ఎక్కారు. చాలా మంది ప్రజలు ఆ పనిని బట్టి ఆశ్చర్యపడ్డారు.

(c) National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) online courses are the first of its kind in India and help different users in acquiring knowledge in the subject.
Answer:
Context : This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful.

Explanation: The writer concludes that disaster management is taken up on a largescale¹ and certain institutions also were started to be useful in this field. One such institute is the NIDM. The main aim of this organisation² is to educate people with information needed for disaster management. For this the institute arranged online courses giving knowledge about these calamities. It is the first one arranged by any such welfare institute. Not only India but also several other countries are being benefited³ by this arrangement. This shows the importance of the disaster management at each level.

General Relevance: Institutions arranged to bring down the disastrous conditions, do a lot of service1 to the people. Such arrangements are to be encouraged by the government.

1. భారీ
2. సంస్థ
3. ప్రయోజనము పొందిన
4. సేవ
5. ప్రోత్సహించబడాలి.

సందర్భము : డాక్టరు ఏ. మాధవీలత గారు సంకలనం చేసిన “Disaster Management” అనబడే వ్యాసము నుండి ఈ లైను తీసికొనబడినది. అది disaster management ను గురించినదై యున్నది. ఈ వ్యాసము విషయ పరిజ్ఞానము కలది మరియు ఉపయోగకరము.

వివరణ : Disaster Management అనునది భారీగా తీసికొనబడినది. కొన్ని సంస్థలు కూడా ప్రారంభింపబడినవి అని రచయిత వ్రాశారు. అట్టి సంస్థలలో ఒకటి NIDM. దీని ముఖ్య ఉద్దేశము, Disaster Management కు కావలసిన విషయమును ప్రజలకు తెలియపరచుటయే. అందుకోసము, ఆ సంస్థ online కోర్సులు ఏర్పాటుచేసి, ఈ విపత్తులను గూర్చిన జ్ఞానము తెలియపరచున్నది. ఈ విధంగా ఏర్పాటయిన మొదటి సంక్షేమ సంస్థ ఇది. భారతదేశమే గాక చాలా దేశాలు దీనివలన మేలుపొందు తున్నాయి. ప్రతిస్థాయిలో disaster management యొక్క ప్రాధాన్యత దీనివలన తెలుస్తున్నది.

సాధారణ భావన : ఈ రంగంలో ఏర్పాటు చేయబడిన సంస్థలు, ప్రజలకు చాలా సేవ చేస్తున్నాయి. ఇట్టి ఏర్పాట్లు ప్రభుత్వముచేత ప్రోత్సహించబడాలి.

(d) Rapid improvements in advanced sensors would make it possible to have such sensing systems at affordable prices in many of our sectors.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist¹ in our daily life. Here it explains how the sensing systems are useful, in different fields.

Explanation: According to the authors Digital Technology is fast developing. It should be utilised² in the sectors³ of Agriculture, Industry and Service. Information technology should be used more intensively. Weather forecasts, monitoring of crops and soil conditions and marketing of the products should be connected with the new technologies. In courses of time expenditure on this technology shall be cheap⁴ also. Installation of I.T. Systems shall
make the transactions easier.

General Relevance : Rapid⁵ improvement of technology brings advanced type of amenities⁶. Through satelites also, we can get a lot of support in this area.

1. కనిపించు
2. ఉపయోగించుట
3. రంగములు
4. చౌక
5. వేగవంతమైన
6. వనరులు

సందర్భము : ‘Digital Technologies’ అనబడే, APJ అబ్దుల్ కలామ్ మరియు Y.S. రాజన్లు వ్రాసిన పాఠంలో నుండి ఈ lines తీసికొనబడినవి. టెక్నాలజీ అభివృద్ధి చెంది చాలా మార్పులు నిత్య జీవితంలో కనబడుతున్నాయి. ఈ Sensing Systems ఎలా పనిచేస్తున్నాయో తెలుపుచున్నది ఈ వ్యాసము.

వివరణ : రచయితల ప్రకారము Digital టెక్నాలజీ వేగంగా పురోగమిస్తోంది. అది వ్యవసాయము, పరిశ్రమలు మరియు సేవారంగములలో ఉపయోగించబడాలి. I.T చాలా బలంగా ఉపయోగించబడాలి. వాతావరణ ముందు సూచనలు, పంటలను జాగ్రత్తగా చూచుకొనుట, నేల స్థితిగతులులని తెలిసికొనుట మరియు, వస్తువుల అమ్మకపు స్థితులు అనునవి ఈ సూచన టెక్నాలజీతో అనుసంధానించ బడాలి. కాలగమనంలో దీని వలన ఖర్చు కూడా తగ్గుతుంది. System ఏర్పాటు చేస్తే పనులు తేలికగా జరుగుతాయి:

సాధారణ భావన : టెక్నాలజీ వేగంగా అభివృద్ధి అగుట వలన, క్రొత్త అనుకూలతలు కలుగుతాయి. ఉపగ్రహాల ద్వారా కూడా మనం ఎంతో ఆసరా పొందవచ్చును.

II. Annotate ANY TWO of the following in 10 to 15 lines each : (2 4 = 8)

(a) Strike, strike at the root of penury in my heart.
Answer:
Poem and Poet: This is an important line in the poem “This is my prayer to thee my Lord’ written by Rabindranath Tagore. It is an extract from the book ‘Gitanjali’. Rabindranath Tagore prays to God, from the depths of his heart.

Context and Meaning: The prayer taken from the book Gitanjai, is a common prayer of the poet. He prays to God to give him the strength to strike at the penury¹ of heart. He thinks that he has no strength at the heart of hearts². He prays to God to fill his heart with love and selflessness³. He should with stand the sorrow in life. At the same time he should enjoy occasions⁴ of joy. He should show equal behaviour at both the experiences. He sug- gests at the inhuman⁵ treatment of the British and wants to destroy it.

General relevance: Here the prayer is a universal appeal to God. ‘Hit at the penury of heart’ suggests that the heart should be filled with love and selflessness. He had such a great mind, for the people of India.

1. లేమి
2. హృదయాంతరాళాలలో
3. నిస్వార్థమైన
4. సందర్భములు
5. క్రూరమైన

సందర్భము : రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ గారు రచించిన “This is my prayer to thee my Lord” అనే ఈ పద్యంలో ఇది ముఖ్యమైన లైను అయి ఉన్నది. అది గీతాంజలి పుస్తకం నుండి గ్రహింపబడినది. రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ గారు తన హృదయపు లోతులలో నుండి ఈ ప్రార్థనను దేవుని ముందు పెడుతున్నారు.

వివరణ : ఇది గీతాంజలి పుస్తకం నుండి తీసుకొనబడిన సామాన్య ప్రార్ధన అయి ఉన్నది. ఆయన తన హృదయపు లోతులలోని లేమిని కొట్టవలసినదిగా దేవుణ్ణి ప్రార్ధిస్తున్నారు. తన హృదయపు అంతరంగాల్లో ఉండవలసిన శక్తి లేదు అని ఆయన అనుకొంటున్నారు. అతడు తన హృదయాన్ని ప్రేమ మరియు నిస్వార్థపరతలతో నింపమని అడుగుతున్నారు. జీవితంలో కష్టాలను ఓర్చుకొనాలి అంటున్నారు. అదే విధంగా సంతోష సమయాలలో ఆనందించాలి. ఒకే రకమైన ప్రవర్తన చూపాలని ఆయన అంటున్నారు. ఆయన అమానుషమైన బ్రిటీషువారి ప్రవర్తనను తీసుకొని అది నాశనం కావాలి అని కోరారు.

సాధారణ భావన : ఇక్కడ ఈ ప్రార్థన విశ్వజనీయమైన విన్నపము కలిగి ఉన్నది. హృదయంలోని లేమిని కొట్టండి అంటే హృదయం ప్రేమ, స్వార్ధలేమితో నింపబడాలి అని సందేశము. భారత ప్రజలకు ఆయన అట్టి గొప్ప మనస్సును అందిస్తున్నారు.

(b) It was a long time ago.
I have almost forgotten my dream.
In front of me ………. / Bright like a Sun – My dream.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem “As I Grew Older” written by the Black Poet Langston Hughes. The poem is filled with the revolting aims of the black people in America. His former views about his dream are given here.

Explanation: Here the poet pointed out how he had a dream in his earlier days. The dream at that time was most encouraging¹. He did not know the original circumstances² around. There were many obstacles for a fairplay. The main problem was the racial discrimination.

He was not aware of these real conditions. So he thought that his dream was the most valuable one. But as days passed by, there grew a great wall between himself and his dream. The innocent³ times of the poet were remembered by him and he laughed at himself for his ignorance⁴.

General relevance: A dream is everybody’s right. But it could be achieved only by strenuous effort⁵. There are impediments but one has to realise⁶ the dream fighting against the obstacles. Here the wall of race came in the way of the poet, in realising the dream.

1. ప్రోత్సాహమిచ్చుట
2. పరిస్థితులు
3. అమాయకమైన
4. తెలియనితనము
5. గట్టిశ్రమ
6. పొందగలుగుట

సందర్భము : Langston Hughes అనబడే నల్లజాతి కవి వ్రాసిన “As I Grew Older” అనే పద్యం నుండి ఈ వాక్యములు తీసుకొనబడినవి. ఈ పద్యము అమెరికాలోని నల్లజాతి ప్రజల తిరుగుబాటు, ఆలోచనలతో నిండియున్నది. ఆయన కల పట్ల ఆయనకు గల ప్రాథమిక ఆలోచనలు ఇక్కడ ఇవ్వబడినవి.

వివరణ : తన ప్రాథమిక రోజులలో తాను ఏ విధంగా కలను కలిగియుండేవాడో కవి ఇక్కడ సూచిస్తున్నాడు. ఆ సమయంలో కల ఎంతో ఆనందదాయకంగా ఉండేది. చుట్టూరా ఉన్న వాస్తవిక పరిస్థితులు తెలియవు. సక్రమంగా ఉండడానికి అనేక ఆటంకాలుండేవి. ముఖ్యమైన సమస్య జాతి వివక్షత. ఈ వాస్తవిక పరిస్థితులు ఆయనకు తెలియవు. అందుచేత తాను కన్న కల చాలా గొప్పదని అనుకొనెను. కానీ కాలము గడిచినప్పుడు, ఆయనకు ఆయన కలకు మధ్య ఒక గోడ వచ్చింది. తన యొక్క అమాయక రోజులు గుర్తు వచ్చి, తనను గురించి తానే నవ్వుకొన్నాడు కవి.

సాధారణ భావన : కల అనేది అందరికి రాదగినది కానీ దానిని ఎంతో కష్టంతో సాధించాలి. కొన్ని ఆటంకాలుంటాయి కానీ వాటి మీద పోరాడుతూ కలను సాకారం చేసుకొనాలి. ఈ విధంగా ఇక్కడ జాతి అనబడే గోడ కవి యొక్క మార్గములో అడ్డు వచ్చింది. ఆయన కలను సాధించే మార్గంలో.

(c) “Others like soldiers, armed in their stings,
Make boot upon the summer’s velvet buds.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem “Common Wealth of Bees” written by Shakespeare. It is extracted from the play Henry V, Act I and Scene 2. The example of a beehive’ is given here, by the dramatist, to bring a lesson.

Explanation: William Shakespeare describes the Beehive with all its specialities¹. There is the king bee around which all the other bees surround. There are worker bees, male bees, soldier bees and others. The soldiers have stingers² to fight against the enemy. The soldiers make an expedition upon the beautiful and tender³ flowers. They make a booty of honey and return to the hive. In summer we see these busy bees running towards the plants. Sometimes, we use their stings⁴ against the enemy. Similarly, the citizens of a kingdom should do their duty carefully and save the king and the kingdom. At every level of this work, there is discipline and the bees make a good example of this activity⁵.

General relevance: A group of bees in a hive, does whatever work is given to it. The soldier bees work hard and collect honey to save it in the bee hive. Sometimes they are like soldiers going against the enemy and often they are soldiers to fight and collect the booty from the gardens.

1. ప్రత్యేకతలు
2. కుట్టేముళ్ళు
3. సున్నితమైన
4. ముళ్ళు
5. పని
6. సంపద, ఎక్కువ ప్రయోజనాలు

సందర్భము : విలియం షేక్స్పియర్ వ్రాసిన Common Wealth of Bees అనే పద్యం నుండి ఈ వాక్యములు తీసుకొనబడినవి. అది హెన్రీ – V, మొదటి Act, 2వ సీను నుండి తీసుకొనబడినది. ఒక తేనెపట్టు యొక్క ఉదాహరణ, ఒక పాఠము కొరకు ఇవ్వబడినది.

వివరణ : షేక్స్పియర్ ఒక తేనెపట్టును గురించి, దాని ప్రత్యేకతలను గురించి వర్ణించారు. రాజు ఈగ చుట్టూ మిగతా ఈగలు ప్రోగవుతాయి. శ్రామిక ఈగలు, మగ ఈగలు, సైనిక ఈగలు మరియు ఇతరములున్నాయి. శత్రువుతో పోరాడడానికి సైనిక ఈగలు ముళ్ళు కలిగియున్నవి. అందంగా, సున్నితంగా ఉన్న పూలమీద అవి దండయాత్ర చేస్తాయి. అవి విస్తారంగా తేనెను సంపాదించి ఇంటికి చేరుతాయి. వేసవిలో ఇవి మొక్కలవైపు వెళ్ళడం చూస్తాము. కొన్నిసార్లు అవి తమ శత్రువుల మీద ముల్లు గుచ్చుతుంది. అదే విధంగా ప్రజలు, రాజును, రాజ్యాన్ని జాగ్రత్తగా చూచుకొనడానికి ప్రయత్నించాలి. ఈ పనిలో ప్రతిస్థాయిలో క్రమశిక్షణ ఉన్నది. తేనెటీటలు దీనికి మంచి ఉదాహరణయై ఉన్నది.

సాధారణ భావన : ఒక తేనెపట్టులోని ఈగలు వాటికివ్వబడిన దానిని చేస్తాయి. సైనిక ఈగలు కష్టపడి పనిచేసి, తేనెపట్టును తేనెతో నింపుతాయి. కొన్నిసార్లు అవి శత్రువుల మీద సైనికుల వలె ఉంటాయి. కొన్నిసార్లు అవి సైనికులుగా ఎక్కువ మొత్తంలో తేనెను, తోటల నుండి తెస్తాయి.

(d) Fragments of splintered bones,
Shreds of olive green;
The roads spewing human blood.
My ears echo bursts of landmines.
(I tremble for men of kindred blood)
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem ‘To A Student’ written by Kamala Wijeratne. In this poem the poet gives a message to the youth. This world is filled with hatred and bloodshed. A student should understand the real atmosphere and should try to pursue peace and hormony.

Explanation: In these lines the cause for the anguish of the poet is explained. Everywhere in the world hatred and bloodshed are seen. There are wars and hateful quarrels. The roads are with blood everywhere. Splinters of bones are spread at every place. Land mines are burst and lives of innocent people are at a stake. Pieces of human flesh are seen spread over the roads. Racial war is experienced. Thus the serious incidents make the youth frightened at every moment. The student is awefully afraid of the things and so he cannot concentrate on education.

General relevance: The ethnic experience at each level in the day to day life, has made the student quite disturbed. He hears the news of bomb explosions, deaths, bloodshed; so he cannot listen to the teacher peacefully. The poet hates the situation.

1. కోరుకొనును
2. నమ్మకము
3. ఉన్నతోన్నతమైన
4. విశాలదృష్టి

సందర్భము : కమలా విజేరత్నే వ్రాసిన ‘To A Student’ అనబడే పద్యము నుండి ఈ వాక్యములు తీసుకొనబడినవి. ఈ పద్యంలో ఆ కవి యువతకు మంచి ఉపదేశము ఇస్తున్నారు. ప్రపంచమంతా ఏహ్యభావము మరియు యుద్ధము అనే వాటితో నిండిపోయి ఉన్నవి. విద్యార్థి నిజమైన వాతావరణమును గ్రహించి శాంతి, సమగ్రతలను సాధించడానికి ఉద్యుక్తుడు కావాలి.

వివరణ : కవి యొక్క మానసిక ఆందోళనకు కారణము చెప్పబడుతున్నది. ప్రపంచంలో ఎక్కడ చూచినా ఏహ్యభావము, రక్తపాతము వార్తలు చూస్తున్నారు. యుద్ధాలు, ఏహ్యమైన పోట్లాటలు కనబడుతున్నాయి. రోడ్లమీద ఎక్కడ చూచినా రక్తపాతమే. ప్రతి స్థలంలో ఎముకల ముక్కలు వ్యాపించి ఉంటున్నాయి. మందుపాతరలు పేలుస్తున్నారు. అమాయకుల ప్రాణాలు అపాయంలో ఉంటున్నాయి. మనిషి మాంసఖండాలు రోడ్లమీద ఎక్కడంటే అక్కడ కనబడుతున్నాయి. జాతి వివక్షతకు సంబంధించిన యుద్ధం ఉంటోంది. ఈ విధమైన సంఘటనలు ప్రతి క్షణం యువతను భయపెడుతున్నాయి. ఈ పరిస్థితులను బట్టి విద్యార్థి చాలా భయపడ్డాడు కనుక చదువు మీద శ్రద్ధ పెట్టలేకపోతున్నాడు.

సాధారణ భావన : ఈ భయంకరమైన రక్తపాతానికి సంబంధించిన జీవన విధానం నిత్య జీవితంలో ఎక్కడబడితే అక్కడ కనబడి విద్యార్థిని నాశనం చేస్తోంది. అతడు బాంబుల విస్ఫోటనం గురించిన వార్తలు, చావులు, రక్తపాతం వింటున్నాడు. కనుక టీచరు యొక్క ఉపదేశం ప్రశాంతంగా వినలేకపోతున్నాడు. కవికి ఈ పరిస్థితిని చూస్తే ఏహ్యత కలుగుతోంది.

III. Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 10 to 15 lines each. (2 × 4 = 8)

(a) How can the teacher instil faith, love and courage in Lincoln’s son ?
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to the teacher of his son. His letter is filled with a number of suggestions to the teacher. The teacher should be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy should be adventurous¹. He should know that a friend should be seen in an enemy. His behaviour with others should be gentle². Cynicism should not be encouraged. He must be adventurous to tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. Faith in himself leads to faith in mankind³. Thus faith, love and courage could be instiled in Lincoln’s son.

1. ధైర్యము కలిగినవాడు
2. సున్నితంగా
3. మానవజాతి
4. పాదుకొల్పుట, కలుగజేయుట

అబ్రహాంలింకన్ తన కుమారుని ఉపాధ్యాయునికి ఒక ఉత్తరం వ్రాశారు. ఆ ఉత్తరంలో ఉపాధ్యాయునికి ఎన్నో సలహాలున్నవి. ఉపాధ్యాయుడు, ఆ బాలుని పట్ల బహుజాగ్రత్తగా వ్యవహరించాలి. ఆ అబ్బాయి ధైర్యశాలి అయియుండాలి. ఒక శత్రువులో ఒక మిత్రుణ్ణి చూడగలిగి యుండాలి. ఇతరులతో అతని ప్రవర్తన సౌమ్యంగా ఉండాలి. ఇతరుల అభివృద్ధిని ఓర్చలేని లక్షణాన్ని ప్రోత్సహించరాదు. యుద్ధాలు, బాధలు, విచారాలను ధైర్యంగా ఎదుర్కొవాలి. తన మీద తనకు నమ్మకముంటే అది మానవజాతి మీద నమ్మకం కలిగిస్తుంది. ఈ విధంగా విశ్వాసము, ప్రేమ మరియు ధైర్యము అను వానిని లింకన్ గారి కుమారునిలో నింపాలి.

(b) Did Arunima lose hope while she was on the hospital bed? What made her take such a huge decision of climbing a mountain with an amputated leg?
Answer:
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of the life of Arunima Sinha. She was thrown out of the and fell on the other track. A train went over her left leg. She was admitted in to the hospital. Eventhough there was no anesthesia, she asked them to amputate the leg. Ajay Maken, the sports minister helped her and admitted her at AIIMS. She got good treatment. Though she was amputated, though her right leg had a rod, she did not lose her hope. She thought that one day she would prove what happened to her. She decided¹ to climb² the Everest. She had will power and pursued³ the matter. She reached the Summit on 21^st May 2013. In spite of all the pain, fear and anxiety she succeeded⁴ in her effort and showed her courage.

1. నిర్ణయించేను
2. ఎక్కుట
3. విషయమును వెంబడించుట
4. జయించెను

డా॥ బి. సౌజన్య అరుణిమ సిన్హా యొక్క జీవిత వివరములను సమీకరించారు. ఆమె తన కంపార్ట్మెంట్ నుండి బయటికి విసిరివేయబడి అవతలి ట్రాక్ మీద పడింది. ఆమె ఎడమకాలి మీద ఒక రైలు వెళ్ళింది. ఆమె ఆసుపత్రిలో చేర్చబడ్డారు. అక్కడ అనస్తీషియా లేకపోయినప్పటికీ, ఆ కాలిని కోయమని వారిని అడిగింది. క్రీడల మంత్రి అజయ్ మాకెన్ ఆమెను AIIMS లో చేర్చారు. అక్కడ మంచి వైద్యం దొరికింది. ఆమెకాలు తెగగొట్టబడియున్నప్పటికి, ఆమె కుడికాలిలో ఒక రాడ్డు వున్నప్పటికి, ఆమె అధైర్యపడలేదు. ఒకానొక దినాన ఆమె తనను తాను ఋజువు చేసికొంటానని అన్నారు. ఆమె ఎవరెస్టును ఎక్కాలని నిర్ణయించారు. ఆమెకు మనోధైర్యము వుండి తన యాత్నాన్ని సాగించింది. 2013 మే 21న ఆ శిఖరం చేరారు. నొప్పియున్నప్పటికీ, భయము, ఆందోళనలున్నప్పటికి ఆమె ధైర్యంతో ఆ పనిలో విజయం సాధించింది.

(c) Why Marketing communication is crucial in the economic development of the country?
Answer:
APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the essay “Digital Technology”. They have a vision for India in its all-round development. Digital Technology is useful to develop in all Spheres. Marketing communication involves digitalisation. Proper management of this, will enable¹ the country develop in the economic field. User friendliness, greater reliability lower energy consumption, lower pollution are wrought² by satellite based I.T. systems. New ways of packing the material are to be adopted³. We have to look to other countries and advance with new technology. New ways of packing the material have to be adopted. Distribution system should be modernised⁴. Large global data bases and communication links are to be introduced. Then only the country can flourish⁵ and develop economically.

1. సాధ్యపరచుట
2. సాధించుట
3. అనుసరించబడుట
4. నవీనీకరించుట
5. పెంపారుట

మార్కెటింగ్ కమ్యూనికేషను, డిజిటలైజేషన్ ను కలిగి యుంటుంది. దీనిని జాగ్రత్తగా నడిపితే అది దేశాన్ని ఆర్థికంగా పెంపొందిస్తుంది. వాడకందారులకు ఇష్టంగానుండుట, గొప్ప నమ్మకము, తక్కువ ఎలక్ట్రిసిటీ ఖర్చు, తక్కువ కాలుష్యము అనునవి శాటిలైట్ సహాయంతోనున్న IT సిస్టమ్స్ ద్వారా వస్తాయి. వస్తువులను జాగ్రత్తగా నుంచుటకు క్రొత్త మార్గములనవలంభించాలి. ఇతర దేశాలను గమనించి క్రొత్త technologyతో ముందుకుపోవాలి. పంచే విధానములో మార్పు రావాలి. పెద్దపెద్ద గ్లోబల్ డేటా మరియు కమ్యూనికేషన్ లింకులు, ఆచరణలో పెట్టాలి. అప్పుడు మాత్రమే దేశము అభివృద్ధి చెంది, ఆర్ధికంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందుతుంది.

(d) What are the necessary steps that NIDM is taking up to manage disaster?
Answer:
Dr. A. Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of disaster Management in the essay “Disaster Management”. It is informative and useful. Disaster management is essential¹. Through natural disasters and man made disasters the world is in a havoc. So disaster management, is being maintained by some institutions like NIDM, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery is organising machinery for planning and policy making. NIDM incollaboration² with the World Bank offers online courses for disaster management. Awareness and preparedness, along with skills and competency is the main aim of this institute. There are many centres to help the Indian people in attaining knowledge in this area. Thus they help us to have the view of prevention³, preparedness⁴ and mitigation⁵.

1. ఆవశ్యకము
2. సహకారముతో
3. ముందుగా జాగ్రత్తపడి రాకుండా చేయుట
4. సిద్ధపాటు
5. నష్టము తగ్గించుకొనుట

‘Disaster Management’ అనబడే ఈ వ్యాసంలో, విపత్తుల నిర్వహణకు సంబంధించిన వివరములను డా. ఏ. మాధవీలత గారు సంకలనం చేశారు. అది ఉపయోగకరంగాను, వివరణాత్మకంగాను ఉన్నది. విపత్తుల నిర్వహణ చాలా అవసరము. సహజ విపత్తుల వలనను, మనుష్యుల చేత కలిగింపబడు విపత్తుల వలనను, ఈ ప్రపంచం చాలా భయోత్పాతంలో ఉంది. అందుచేత NIDM వంటి కొన్ని సంస్థల చేత విపత్తు నిర్వహణ జరుగుచున్నది. GFFDRR అను సంస్థ planning మరియు పోలిసీ నిర్వహణ జరుగుచున్నది. World Bank సహకారంతో online course లు ‘విపత్తుల నిర్వహణ కొరకు ఏర్పరచారు. ఎరిగియుండుట (అవగాహన) సిద్ధపాటు మరియు నైపుణ్యము, శక్తిస్తోమతలు అనునవి ఈ సంస్థ యొక్క ముఖ్య ఉద్దేశము. ఈ విషయంలో తగినంత జ్ఞానము ఇండియా వారికి ఇచ్చుటలో తోడ్పడుటకు అనేక సెంటర్లున్నవి. ఈ విధంగా అవి, ముందుగానే అడ్డుకొనుట, సిద్ధపాటు మరియు ఆపదను తగ్గించుకొనుట అనువానికి సహాయపడుచున్నవి.

IV. Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 10 to 15 lines each. (2 × 4 = 8)

(a) “Real results will emerge when we realize the power of combined individual actions.” How can you justify this statement in the light of the poem, “Common wealth of Bees” ?
Answer:
William Shakespeare was a play wright. He wrote a number of plays. In the play Henry V, Act I scene 2, we have interesting lines entitled “Common Wealth of Bees. Here he describes the bee hive and asks us to follow the honey bees. A bee hive is a place where different kinds of bees are available. The main bee is the queen bee which is shown to be the king bee, by Shakespeare. Around there are male bees, worker bees and others. All these bees have only one goal¹ to collect honey. Some go even to distant places and collect the honey. The holes are covered with fine wax. Some bees are useful to fight against the enemy. All the bees are depending² upon the worker bees. Here when we see the work of each bee it is very interesting. Every bee shall do the work in its own way. But all of them put together shall do the whole of the work. So individual effort³ shall do good to the whole society when it is taken up carefully⁴. People of the country should also work in the same way.

1. గమ్యస్థానం
2. ఆధారపడియుండు
3. కష్టం, ప్రయత్నం
4. జాగ్రత్తగా

విలియఁ షేక్స్పియరు ఒక నాటక రచయిత. ఆయన అనేక నాటకాలు వ్రాశారు. Henry V, Act I, Scene 2 లో Common Weaith of Bees అనే పేరుతో చాలా మంచి లైనులు ఇవ్వబడినవి. ఇక్కడ ఆయన తేనె పట్టును వర్ణించి, మనలను తేనెటీగలను వెంబడించాలని చెబుతున్నారు. ఒక తేనె పట్టులో రకరకాలైన తేనెటీగలుంటాయి. ముఖ్యమైనది రాణి ఈగ. ఇక్కడ షేక్స్పియరు దానిని ‘రాజు ఈగ’గా పేర్కొన్నారు. దాని చుట్టూరా మగ ఈగలు, శ్రమ ఈగలు మరియు ఇతరములుంటాయి. ఈ ఈగలన్నింటికి ఒకే గమ్యము అనగా తేనె ప్రోగు చేయడమే. ఆ రంధ్రములు waxతో పూతపూస్తాయి. కొన్ని ఈగలు శత్రువు మీద పోరాడడానికి పనికివస్తాయి. అన్ని ఈగలు శ్రమ ఈగల మీద ఆధారపడియుంటాయి. ఒక్కొక్క ఈగ పనిని చూస్తే చాలా ఆసక్తికరంగా ఉంటుంది. ప్రతి ఈగ తనదైనరీతిలో పనిచేస్తుంది. అన్నీ కలసి ఏకంగా పనినంతటిని చేస్తాయి. కనుక వ్యక్తిగత పని అనేది, సంఘమంతటికి, జాగ్రత్తగా చేస్తే, చాలా పనికి వస్తుంది. దేశప్రజలు కూడా అలాగే పనిచేయాలి.

(b) What kind of strength does Tagore seek and why ?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, dramatist and a philosopher. He was a nobel laureate fot the book Gitanjali. In the 36^th song of Gitanjali, Tagore submits a prayer to God. He prays to God to strike him at the penury¹ of heart. He needs strength to love the poor and the needy².

He should bear the difficulties and enjoy the happy occasions. There are so many trifles³ in the life of a man. He should not think of these problems in the journey of life. He should have a heaven on Earth. He should get the divine1 qualities. He should build India on the base of qualities like kindness and love. His love should not be selfish. He should have real service towards the needy. Thus an individual seeks the strength to beat and he wants it because he likes it.

1. బీదరికము
2. అవసరములలో ఉన్నవారు
3. చాలా చిన్న విషయములు
4. దైవికమైన
5. మూలము

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ గారు కవి, నాటకకర్త మరియు వేదాంతి అయి ఉన్నారు. ‘గీతాంజలి’ అనే పుస్తకము ద్వారా ఆయన నోబెల్ బహుమతి పురస్కార గ్రహీత అయ్యారు. గీతాంజలిలోని 36వ పద్యంలో, ఠాగూర్ గారు ఒక ప్రార్థన చేస్తున్నారు. ఆయన తన హృదయంలోని లేమిని కొట్టాలి అని అడిగారు. ఆయనకు బీదవారు, అవసరములలో ఉన్నవారికి ప్రేమ చూపుటకు కావలసిన శక్తిని కోరుచున్నారు. అతడు కష్టాలను సహించాలి మరియు సంతోష సమయాలను ఆనందంగా తీసుకొనాలి. ఒక మనిషి జీవితంలో అనేక చిన్న చిన్న విషయాలుంటాయి. జీవితయానంలో వచ్చే ఈ సమస్యలను గురించి ఆలోచించరాదు. భూమిమీద స్వర్గాన్ని కోరుతున్నాడు. అతనికి దైవిక లక్షణాలుండాలి. దయ, ప్రేమ అను లక్షణాల మీద ఆధారపడి భారతదేశాన్ని కట్టాలి. అతని ప్రేమ, స్వార్థపూరితంగా ఉండరాదు. అవసరములలో ఉన్న వారికి నిజమైన సేవ చేయాలి. ఈ విధంగా ఒక వ్యక్తి శక్తి కలిగి ఉండాలి. అది ఆయన కోరుతున్నాడు. ఎందుకంటే అది ఆయనకు ఇష్టము.

(c) What is the theme of the poem “As I Grew Older”?
Answer:
Langston Hughes wrote the poem ‘As I Grew Older’. He was an African American poet. He produced a lot of literature. His literature is filled with the problems of the black people in America. ‘As I Grew Older, is an aspiration of this poet for his dream.

In the former days, the poet could not understand the problems around. As days pass by, things started to come before him. A big wall had grown between himself and his dream. It was the obstacle of race discrimination.¹ The darkness of this wall, threw him into the shadow. Beyond the wall there was the bright light of the Sun. He wanted to break down² the wall. The barrier of his race discrimination was so powerful that he could not easily do away with it. But in the heart of hearts,³ he had a belief. Without a dream, life is worthless, without achieving the dream, one could not survive⁴ in the world. The poet used powerful language to break the evil of the society. He wanted to smash the wall into pieces. He thought that his effort would give him spiritual strength. He wanted to prove it through his efforts. Thus the poet presented a poem, which enthused⁵ the reader towards superior ambitions. His dream was realised.

1. జాతివివక్షత
2. పగిలిపోవుట
3. హృదయాంతరాళాలలో
4. జీవించియుండుట
5. వేగంగా గ్రహించుట

Longston Hughes ‘As I Grew Older’ అనబడే పద్యాన్ని వ్రాశారు. ఆయన ఒక ఆఫ్రికన్ అమెరికా దేశీయుడు. ఆయన చాలా సాహిత్యము వ్రాశారు. అమెరికాలోని నల్లవారి సమస్యలతో ఈ సాహిత్యము నిండి ఉంటుంది. ‘As I Grew Older’ అనునది కవికి తన కల పట్ల గల ఉత్సుకతయైయున్నది.

ఆయన తొలిరోజులలో కవి తన చుట్టూ ఉన్న పరిస్థితులను అర్థం చేసుకొనలేదు. రోజులు గడిచాక సమస్యలు ఆయన ముందుకు రావడం ప్రారంభమైనది. ఆయనకు ఆయన కలకు మధ్య ఒక గోడ పెరిగింది. అది జాతి వివక్షత అనే ఆటంకము. ఆ గోడ యొక్క చీకటి అతనిని ఛాయలోనికి నడిపింది. ఆ వెనుక చక్కని సూర్యుని వెలుతురున్నది. ఆ గోడను విరుగగొట్టాలని ఆయన అనుకొంటున్నాడు. జాతి వివక్ష అనే ఆటంకము అంత తేలికగా తీసివేయలేనిదిగా ఉండెను. కానీ ఆయన హృదయాంతరాళంలో అతనికి ఒక నమ్మకం ఉంది. కల లేకపోతే జీవితం వ్యర్థం. కలను సాధించకుండా ప్రపంచంలో మనిషి జీవించలేడు. సంఘంలోని చెడును తొలగించడానికి కవి గట్టి భాషను వాడారు. ఆ గోడని ముక్కలు చేయాలనుకొన్నాడు. ఆయన ప్రయత్నాలు అతనికి ఆత్మీయశక్తినిస్తాయి అనుకొన్నాడు. అతడు దానిని తన ప్రయత్నముల ద్వారా నిరూపించాలనుకొన్నాడు. ఈ విధంగా విలువైన ఆశయాల వైపుకు నడిపించే ఒక పద్యాన్ని కవి మనకు ఇచ్చాడు. ఆయన కల నెరవేరింది.

(d) Explain the power of words according to the poet in the poem “Body”.
Answer:
K. Sivareddy, a poet, in Telugu literature produced a number of books and got fame¹. His poem ‘Body’ was translated into English by M. Sridhar and Alladi Uma. The body and its existence² is described in a varied way. A body is potentially strong and it has words to make it lively. Body is like a War Ship. It is strong and proves itself to be lively by means of the usage of words. There are words useful for struggles, tears and wars. The body is like a fertile³ field, giving powerful store of words. The words coming from a womb⁴ strike the massive ocean⁵ and brings a change in the atmosphere. Some words are like arrows aimed at the opponent. Just like the continuous fire in a forest, the body is always hot and it is maintained by the heat of words. The sound of a word roars⁶ from the pen. Thus, words are the most activating agencies of the body. The body ignites other bodies, when they come closer and this is also possible because of the usage of words.

1. కీర్తి
2. అస్థిత్వము
3. సారవంతమైన
4. గర్భము
5. మహాసముద్రము
6. పెద్దశబ్దముతో అరచును

కె. శివారెడ్డి అను తెలుగు కవిగారు తెలుగు సాహిత్యంలో చాలా పుస్తకాలు రచించి పేరు సంపాదించారు. M. శ్రీధర్ మరియు అల్లాడి ఉమ అనువారు Body అనే ఈ పద్యాన్ని ఇంగ్లీషులోకి తర్జుమా చేశారు. శరీరము దాని అస్థిత్వము ఒక భిన్నమైన రీతిలో వ్రాశారు. ఒక శరీరము బలం కలది మరియు దానిని సజీవంగా ఉంచుటకు మాటలుంటాయి. శరీరము ఒక యుద్ధ నౌక వంటిది. అది బలంగా వుంటుంది. మాటల ద్వారా దానిని సజీవంగా ఉంచగలుగునట్లు నిరూపించబడుతున్నది. పోట్లాటలకు, కన్నీటికి మరియు యుద్ధాలకు పనికి వచ్చుమాటలున్నాయి. శరీరము ఒక సారవంతమైన భూమి వంటిది. అది బలముగల మాటల సమూహమును కలిగియున్నది. గర్భమునుండి వచ్చుమాటలు మహాసముద్రాన్ని తాకి, వాతావరణంలో మార్పు తెస్తాయి. ప్రత్యర్థి మీద ఎక్కు పెట్టిన బాణములవంటివి కొన్ని మాటలు. అడవిలో ఎడతెగకుండా అగ్నియున్నట్లు మనిషి శరీరము ఎల్లప్పుడు వేడిగా వుంటుంది. మాటలతో ఆ వేడిని అలాగే నిలపాలి. ఆ మాటల హోరు కలం నుండి విన్పిస్తుంది. ఈ విధంగా మాటలు శరీరానికి చురుకుదనం ఇచ్చేవిగా వున్నాయి. దగ్గరకు వస్తే ఒక శరీరము ఇతర శరీరములను వెలిగించగలవు, ఇది మాటల ద్వారా కూడా సాధ్యము.

V. Answer ANY ONE of the following questions in about 25 to 30 lines. (1 × 8 = 8)

(a) The narrator said “Nature came to my rescue in an unexpected manner”. How did nature help the narrator get rid of his troubles ?
Answer:
Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan was an Indo-Anglian writer. He wrote novels and short stories and got a great fame in the whole world. ‘Engine Trouble’ is an interesting short story.

The narrator¹ won a road engine in a lottery, for a ticket purchased² for two annas. He was happy that he got a big road engine which would bring him great fortune³. The engine was at the Gymkhana grounds and it has to be moved from that place. The Municipal authorities urged⁴ him to shift it. He paid rent for three months but it was burdensome⁵ for him and his family. He wanted to sell it. Nobody came forward to buy it.

The narrator firmly⁶ believed that one day it would make him rich. He requested some of the drivers to drive the engine but of no use⁷. There was a bargain with the secretary of a local club. The Municipal Chairman also expressed his helplessness⁸. The temple priest accepted to send the temple elephant to drag⁹ it. Fifty coolies at the rate of eight annas a day (half a rupee) got ready to push the engine from behind. The road engine had to be moved for half a furlong from the place.

The elephant was dragging the engine, the coolies were pushing¹⁰ from behind, and Joseph the driver was in the driver’s seat. A huge crowd¹¹ gathered there. As a result of confused dragging by the elephant, the driver Joseph and coolies in their own way. The engine went straight to the opposite wall and smashed¹² it. The difficulties of the narrator were multiplied¹³.

The dynamic world showed a way out. To his luck, a Swamiji arranged a yoga feat. He said that he would be ready to have the engine over his chest. But he needed a road engine and asked Municipal Chairmen for it. He didn’t have it. Then the narrator said that he had it. Are everything was ready to move the engine. The Swamiji’s assistant would drive the engine. Suddenly at this moment, a police officer came and stopped the show, there was no other go, for the narrator except to leave the town.

Luckily for him an earthquake hit the area. There was much damage¹⁴. Even the big Road Engine was moved into a discused well nearby. The owner of the house was very happy. The municipal authorities asked him to close it down. The engine fitted well like a cork. The owner accepted to construct the compound wall himself and also promised to pay all the expenditure, he had in that affair. When luck plucks, no one checks¹⁵. Loss to many by the earthquake, became a gain to the narrator.

1. కథను చెబుతున్న వ్యక్తి
2. కొనెను
3. అదృష్టము
4. ఒత్తిడి చేసెను
5. భారము
6. బలంగా
7. ప్రయోజనము లేని
8. నిస్సహాయత
9. లాగుట
10. వెనుక నుండి నెట్టుట
11. పెద్ద గుంపు
12. నాశనము చేసెను
13. రెట్టింపయ్యెను
14. నష్టము
15. అదృష్టము కలిసొస్తే ఎవరూ ఆపలేరు

రాశీపురం కృష్ణస్వామి నారాయణ్ అనువారు Indo-Anglian రచయిత. అయన నవలలు, చిన్న కథలు వ్రాసి, ప్రపంచంలో ప్రసిద్ధికెక్కారు. Engine Trouble అనునది ఆకర్షణీయమైన చిన్న కథ.

2 అణాలకు కొన్న ఒక లాటరీ టికెట్టు ద్వారా, ఈ కథకుడు ఒక రోడ్డు ఇంజను పొందాడు. ఆ పెద్ద ఇంజను అతనికి గొప్ప అదృష్టం తెచ్చిపెడుతుందని అతడు చాలా సంతోషంగా ఉండెను. ఆ ఇంజను జింఖానా గ్రౌండులో ఉండెను. దానిని అక్కడి నుండి కదపాలి. మున్సిపల్ అధికారులు, దానిని అక్కడ నుండి కదుపవలసినదిగా ఒత్తిడి చేశారు. మూడునెలలు దానికి అద్దె కట్టాడు గానీ అది భారంగా ఉండెను. దానిని అమ్మాలని అనుకొన్నాడు. ఎవరూ ముందుకు రాలేదు.

ఆ కథకుడు, తాను ఏదో ఒకనాడు అది ధనవంతుణ్ణి చేస్తుంది అనుకొన్నాడు. కొంతమంది డ్రైవర్లను అడిగినా వారు దానిని కదపలేదు. స్థానిక క్లబ్ సెక్రటరీతో సంప్రదించాడు. మున్సిపాలిటీ చైర్మన్ కూడా తన అశక్తతను ప్రకటించారు. దానిని లాగడానికి, దేవాలయ అర్చకుడు, దేవాలయ ఏనుగును పంపడానికి అంగీకరించాడు. 50 మంది కూలీలు రోజుకు 8 అణాలు (అర్ధరూపాయి) చొప్పున సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నారు. ఆ ఇంజను అక్కడి నుండి అరఫర్లాంగు దూరం కదలాలి.

ఏనుగు ఇంజనును లాగుతోంది, కూలీలు వెనుకనుండి నెట్టుతున్నారు. డ్రైవరు జోసఫ్ డ్రైవరు సీటులోనున్నాడు. పెద్దగుంపుగా ప్రజలు చేరారు. ఆ ఏనుగు కంగారుపడి తన ఇష్టము వచ్చినట్లు లాగింది. ఎదురుగా ఉన్న ఇంటి కాంపౌండు గోడకు తగిలి దానిని నాశనం చేసింది. కథకుని కష్టాలు పెరిగినాయి. అప్పుడు ఎంతో డబ్బు ఖర్చుపెట్టాలి.

ఈ ప్రపంచం మారుతూ వుంటుంది. అది ఒక మార్గం చూపింది. అదృష్టవశాత్తు ఒక స్వామీజీ ఒక యోగా కార్యక్రమం చేస్తున్నాడు. ఆ ఇంజనును తన గుండె మీద నడిపించగలనన్నాడు. ప్రతి విధమైన పని ముగించబడింది. స్వామీజీ యొక్క సహాయకుడు ఇంజన్ ను నడుపుతాడు. సరిగా అదే సమయంలో ఒక పోలీసు అధికారి వచ్చి దానిని ఆపివేశాడు. ఊరు విడచి వెళ్లడం తప్ప గత్యంతరం లేదు.

అదృష్టవశాత్తు ఒక భూకంపం వచ్చింది. చాలా నష్టం జరిగింది. ఆ పెద్ద ఇంజన్ కూడా ఎదురు ఇంటిలో ఉన్న పనికిరాని నూతిలో పడిపోయింది. ఆ ఇంటి యజమాని చాలా సంతోషించాడు. మున్సిపల్ అధికారులు దానిని మూసివేయమని తాకీదులు పంపారు. ఆ ఇంజన్ సరిగ్గా సరిపోయింది. తన కాంపౌండు గోడను తానే కడతానని, మరియు అప్పటివరకు అతనికి ఖర్చు తాను ఇస్తానని అంగీకరించాడు. అదృష్టం కలిసివస్తే ఎవ్వరూ ఆపలేరు. భూకంపం వలన ఎంతో మందికి నష్టము గానీ కథకునికి అది లాభదాయకమైనది.

(b) How is “The Last Leaf” by O. Henry a story of hope, friendship and sacrifice ?
Answer:
O. Henry was an American short story writer. His stories have the ironic endings. They belong to the American common man¹ of the 20^th century. The story Last Leaf is with affection, sacrifice² and friendship.

Johnsy and Sue were artists maintaining a studio in Newyork. Those days Johnsy was with pneumonia and she was afraid of the disease. She believed that the disease would take her life. Sue was hopeful of her friend’s survival. She was taking care of her. While drawing pictures she took old Mr. Behrman as her model paint. He was a drunkard but wanted to become a noted painter. He used to say that he would great a master piece. But everytime he failed because of his habits³ and health.

That day Sue told Behrman about the illhealth⁴ of Johnsy and her fear. Johnsy was looking through the window. She could see an old vine creeper⁵ on the other wall. The leaves of the plant were falling down and so she thought that her days were also being counted. It was her firm opinion⁶ that she would die as the last leaf falls down. Behrman come to know this from Sue. He could not accept the notion⁷ of Johnsy.

That night there was one leaf and Johnsy said that the last leaf would fall down by the next morning and that she would also die. Sue said that it was wrong. The doctor visited and said that Johnsy was completely alright. The last leaf did not fall down. It was hanging⁸ over there. She had some courage. The doctor said that Behrman was dead. Sue explained that Behrman painted the picture of the leaf on the wall and it saved her life. The last leaf was Behrman’s master piece. Behrman sacrificed his life painting the leaf in wind and the rain⁹. His leaf saved Johnsy and thus it became a master piece.

1. సామాన్యుడు
2. త్యాగము
3. దురలవాట్లు
4. అనారోగ్యము
5. తీగ
6. గట్టి భావన
7. ఉద్దేశము
8. వ్రేలాడుచున్న
9. గాలి మరియు వర్షము

O. హెన్రీ .అమెరికాకు సంబంధించిన Short story writer అయివున్నారు. ఆయన కథలు ironic endings కలిగి ఉంటాయి. అవి 20వ శతాబ్దపు సామాన్య మానవునికి సంబంధించినవై ఉంటాయి. Last Leaf అనే ఈ చిన్న కథలో ప్రేమ, త్యాగము మరియు స్నేహభావము కనబడుతున్నాయి.

Johnsy మరియు Sue అనువారు న్యూయార్క్ లో ఒక స్టూడియోను నిర్వహిస్తున్న కళాకారిణులు. ఆ రోజులలో Johnsy న్యూమోనియా వ్యాధితో బాధపడుతుండెను. ఆ రోగమంటే ఆమెకు భయము కలిగింది. ఆ రోగము ఆమె ప్రాణం తీస్తుంది అని నమ్మింది. Sue తన స్నేహితురాలి ఆరోగ్యమును గురించి నమ్మకంగా ఉన్నది. ఆమె తన స్నేహితురాలిని చాలా జాగ్రత్తగా చూసుకొంటున్నది. బొమ్మలు గీసేటప్పుడు ఆమె Behrmanను మోడల్గా తీసికొంటుంది. అతడు త్రాగుబోతు మరియు తానొక గొప్ప Painter కావలెనని అనుకొంటాడు. తానొక master piece సృష్టిస్తానని అంటుంటాడు. కానీ అతని దురలవాట్లు, అనారోగ్యము కారణంగా, ప్రతిసారి సాధించలేకపోతున్నాడు.

ఆ రోజు Johnsy యొక్క అనార్యోగము మరియు ఆమె భయమును గూర్చి Sue, బెహర్మన్కు చెప్పింది. Johnsy ఆ కిటికీ గుండా చూస్తున్నది. ఆమె ఒక Ivy తీగను చూస్తున్నది. దాని ఆకులు రాలుతున్నాయి. అందుచేత తన రోజులు కూడా లెక్కింపబడుతున్నాయి అనుకొంది. ఆ చివరి ఆకులు రాలిపోతే తానుకూడా చనిపోతాననుకొంది. Behrman ఈ విషయం విన్నాడు. Johnsy యొక్క అభిప్రాయంతో అతడు ఏకీభవించలేదు.

ఆ రాత్రి ఒక్క ఆకు మాత్రమే ఉంది. Johnsy అన్నది, ‘ఆకు ఆ రాత్రి రాలిపోతుంది. తెల్లవారేసరికి తాను కూడా చనిపోతాను’, అని అన్నది. అలా కాదు అని Sue అన్నది. డాక్టరు వచ్చాడు. Johnsy పూర్తిగా ఆరోగ్యంగా ఉన్నది అన్నాడు. ఆ చివరి ఆకు రాలిపోలేదు. అక్కడే వ్రేలాడుతున్నది. ఆమెకు ధైర్యం వచ్చింది. డాక్టరు, Behrman చనిపోయాడని చెప్పాడు. Sue, బెహర్మన్ ఆ చివరి ఆకును, చిత్రించాడని అది Johnsy ప్రాణాన్ని రక్షించిందని తెలిపింది. ఆ Last Leaf అనునది Behrman యొక్క Master piece అయి యున్నది. అతడు చలిగాలి, వర్షంతో ఆ చివరి ఆకును చిత్రించాడు. ఆయన యొక్క చిత్రణ అనగా ఆ ఆకు ఆమె ప్రాణాన్ని రక్షించింది గనుక అది Master piece.

(c) Is the title “The Informer’ appropriate? (Or) Give an account of the parents’ reactions to the boy’s disappearance from the house?
Answer:
The play ‘The Informer’¹ was written by Bertolt Brecht a German play wright. It is a one act play written and produced as an anti-Nazi play. The circumstances at the time of the rule of Hitler, were frightening. All the people were very much afraid of the Gestapo or the government officials. The despotic² rule had informers at every level. Mr and Mrs Klimbtsch were very cautions about their behaviour. That day they were engaged in a dialogue. It was tense. When there was a phone call, they did not attend to it of their own. Their maid was asked to answer. They were afraid³ of the police.

Husband was a school teacher and he was in anxiety. Their dialogue extended over trivial matters. They inspect some informer coming to their house. One complains that the other was intension⁴ and the other the same. Meanwhile their boy, left the house after getting some money for the mother. The couple was in heated discussion but it was about very small things. The man was anxious because there was rain outside.

Their dialogue turned towards the boy they talked of him and his future. Mother was more anxious in this affair⁵. Both were suspecting his friendship with the Gestapo. Their dialogue extended towards the mistakes if any committed against the government even by means of complaining before others. The father’s duty as a teacher was completely good and there was no lapse. They can think that they are safe. But at this juncture a phone call came and again tension prevailed.

After some time the door was tapped. Both were at their wits’ends. They suspect an informer coming to them. They stood at a corner. The door was opened and the boy surprised them entering into the house having chacolates in his hands. He bought⁶ them with the money given by his mother. Tense was eased but the boy was not an informer. The fear of an informer prevailed in the house there also. Thus the title is appropriate.

1. తెలియజేయువాడు
2. ఎదురులేని
3. భయపడిన
4. అభిప్రాయపడటం
5. వ్యవహారం
6. కొనడం

The Informer’ అను పేరుగల ఈ నాటిక Bertolt Brecht అనే జర్మను నాటిక రచయిత వ్రాశారు. హిట్లరు పరిపాలనా కాలంలో పరిస్థితులు భయంకరముగా నుండెను. ప్రతివారు Gestapo లేక ప్రభుత్వ అధికారుల పట్ల చాలా భయపడుతున్నారు. ఆ నియంతృత్వ పరిపాలనకు ప్రతిచోట Informers ఉన్నారు. Mr and Mrs. Klimbtsch అనే దంపతులు ఈ విషయం చాలా జాగ్రత్తగా వున్నారు. వారు ఆ రోజు ఒక సంభాషణలోనున్నారు. అది చాలా ఒత్తిడిని కలుగజేస్తుండెను. ఒక ఫోన్కాల్ వస్తే దానికి జవాబు వారు స్వయంగా ఇవ్వరు. తమ సేవకురాలిని జవాబిమ్మని చెప్పారు. వారికి పోలీసుల భయం.

భర్త స్కూలు టీచరు. ఆయన చాలా కంగారులో ఉంటాడు. వారి సంభాషణ చాలా తేలికైన విషయాల మీద నడిచింది. తమ ఇంటికి informer వస్తున్నాడేమోనని అనుమానము. ఒకరు, మరొకరిని చాలా ఒత్తిడిలో ఉన్నావంటూ మాట్లాడుకొంటారు. ఈ సమయంలో వారి అబ్బాయి వారి తల్లి దగ్గర కొంత డబ్బు తీసికొని బయటికి వెళ్లాడు. వారిద్దరు గట్టిగా వాదించుకొన్నారు కానీ అవి చాలా తేలిక విషయాల మీద మాత్రమే. ఆ మనిషి బయటి వర్షాన్ని చూసి కంగారు పడతాడు.

వారి సంభాషణ కుమారుడివైపుకు తిరుగుతుంది. అతని భవిష్యత్తును గురించి మాట్లాడుకొంటారు. ఈ విషయంలో వారి తల్లికి మరీ ఆందోళనగా వుంది. అతడు Gestapo తో స్నేహం చేస్తున్నాడేమోనని అనుమానిస్తున్నారు. వారి సంభాషణలో పొరపాటున ప్రస్తుత పరిపాలన గురించి ఎవరితోనైనా తప్పుగా మాట్లాడామా అని ఆలోచన వస్తుంది. తండ్రి టీచరుగా మంచిగా డ్యూటీ చేశాడు ఏమీ తప్పు లేదు. వారు క్షేమము అనుకొనవచ్చును. కానీ ఈ సమయంలో మరొక ఫోన్ కాల్ వచ్చింది. మరలా ఒత్తిడి నిలచియుంది.

కొంత సమయం తరువాత తలుపు మ్రోగింది. వారిద్దరికి భయమనిపించింది. ఇన్ఫార్మర్ వస్తున్నట్లు ఊహించుకొన్నారు. ఒక మూలన నిలబడ్డారు. తలుపు తెరచుకొంది. అబ్బాయి చాక్లెట్లు చేతితో పట్టుకొని లోనికి వచ్చి అందరికీ ఆశ్చర్యం కలిగించాడు. వారి అమ్మ ఇచ్చిన డబ్బుతో వాటిని కొన్నాడు. మనసు చాలా తేలిక పడింది. కానీ ఆ అబ్బాయి informer కాదు. తరువాత కూడా informer పట్ల భయం నిలబడియుంది. ఈ విధంగా ఈ పేరు దీనికి తగియున్నది.

Section B

VI. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. (5 × 1 = 5)

When he was born everyone ‘advised’ his parents to get rid of the kid as he was blind. But his parents, who were not affluent by any counts, chose to take care of him, that too, to the best of their abilities and gave him education. Forbes has named him in the list of super achievers from Asia under the age of 30 but visually challenged Srikanth Bolla is in no mood to celebrate. His goal is to get into the Forbes list of richest persons – and he won’t settle for anything less.

Such is the determination of the 25 year-old, who was born blind and overcame all adversities to become the first international blind student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and now heads a Rs 30 crore ($4.6 million) company.

Visiting manufacturing plants in different locations in Telangana and Karnataka, attending business meetings and, in between, troubleshooting over the phone, the CEO of Bollant Industries is a busyman.

Born in a family of farmers in Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh, life has been one long struggle for him. After passing his Class 10 exam he chose the science stream for the plus-two stage but was not permitted to write the Joint Entrance Exam for IIT aspirants as he was blind.

“I said when IIT doesn’t want me, I don’t want IIT either. Let me find the best oppor- tunity in the world better than IIT. MIT being the top school in the world, I always wanted to go there and I went there”, said Srikanth, who has B.Sc., in management from MIT.

Questions :

Question 1.
What did people advise the parents of Srikanth when he was born?
Answer:
People advised the parents of Srikanth to get rid of the kid as he was blind.

Question 2.
What is the goal of Srikanth ?
Answer:
Srikanth’s goal is to get into the Forbes list of richest persons.

Question 3.
Why did Srikanth decided to study in MIT?
Answer:
because it was the top school in the world.

Question 4.
Write the antonym of ‘permit’.
Answer:
Reject.

Question 5.
Answer ‘True’ or ‘False’.
Srikanth missed a great chance because he could not take the Joint Entrance Exam for IIT.
Answer:
False.

VII. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. (5 × 1 = 5)

There are three stages in meditation. The first is what is called [Dharana], concentrating the mind upon an object. I try to concentrate my mind upon this glass, excluding every other object from my mind except this glass. But the mind is wavering …….. When it has become strong and does not waver so much, it is called [Dhyana], meditation. And then there is a still higher state when the differentiation between the glass and myself is lost – [Samadhi or absorption]. The mind and the glass are identical. I do not see any difference. All the senses stop and all powers that have been working through other channels of other senses [are focused in the mind]. Then this glass is under the power of the mind entirely. This is to be realized. It is a tremendous play played by the Yogis. (From Swami Vivekananda’s lecture Meditation)

Questions :

Question 1.
What are the three stages in meditation ?
Answer:
Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi or absorption.

Question 2.
What happens to mind in Dhynana stage ?
Answer:
The mind does not waver so much.

Question 3.
Which object does the writer select in the passage for concentration of mind?
Answer:
glass.

Question 4.
What is the verb form of the word ‘meditation’ ?
Answer:
meditate.

Question 5.
Find a word in the passage which means the opposite of the word ‘different’ ?
Answer:
identical.

Section-C

Note: The answers to questions in this section should be written at one place in the answer book separately. The entire section should be answered in one stretch and not mixed with other sections.

VIII. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.

(a) Christians believe in ……… Trinity.
Answer:
the

(b) ……… Godavari is one of the big rivers in South India.
Answer:
The

(c) Hockey is ……….. interesting game.
Answer:
an

(d) Can you find me ………….. small house for rent?
Answer:
a

(e) My brother is living in ……… U.S.A.
Answer:
the

(f) The bus is going at …….. high speed.
Answer:
a

IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. (6 × 1/2 = 3)

(a) Murthy fell asleep ………. the meeting.
Answer:
during /at

(b) Mother looks ………. her children.
Answer:
after

(c) We walked ……….. a narrow line.
Answer:
through

(d) Who does this bag belong ………?
Answer:
to

(e) Shivamani is the man ……. long hair.
Answer:
with

(f) Pradeep paid ……. the meal.
Answer:
for

X. Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verbs given in the brackets. (5 × 1 = 5)

(a) Look there! Somebody ……… into the lake (jump)
Answer:
is jumping

(b) I ………… everyday to keep myself fit. (exercise)
Answer:
exercise

(c) Last year, I …………. to zoo. (go)
Answer:
went

(d) My father ……….. his car every day. (wash)
Answer:
washes

(e) He ……… a new bike last week (buy)
Answer:
bought

(f) He ………. coffee, everyday. (drink)
Answer:
drinks

XI. ‘Rewrite the sentences as directed.

(a) Type these letters. (Change into Passive voice)
Answer:
Let these letters be typed.

(b) Ramu said to Revanth “Please don’t go there”. (Into Indirect Speech)
Answer:
Ramu requested Revanth not to go there.

(c) Very few singers were as popular as Ghantasala. (Change using more popular)
Answer:
Ghantasala is more popular than many other singers.

(d) The Sun set. The shepherd went home. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Having the Sun set, the shepherd went home.

(e) My brothers can’t swim. (Add a Question Tag)
Answer:
My brothers can’t swim, can they?

XII. Rewrite the following sentences correcting the underlined part. The entire sentence must be written. (5 × 1 = 5)

(a) The earth is moving round the sun.
Answer:
The earth moves round the Sun.

(b) I am owning a car.
Answer:
I own a car.

(c) When I reached the station, the train left.
Answer:
When I reached the station, the train had left.

(d) Being a holiday, we ate ice creams.
Answer:
It being a holiday we ate ice creams.

(e) She has been absent since three days.
Answer:
She has been absent for three days.

XIII. Use ANY THREE of the following phrasal verbs in your own sentences. (5 × 1 = 5)

(a) call on
Answer:
As we were in the area, we called on my sister-in-law.

(b) look for
Answer:
He is looking for a good job.

(c) face off
Answer:
The company faced off the competition.

(d) carryout
Answer:
An investigation is being carried out by the police.

(e) make after
Answer:
The police made after the stolen car.

(f) give up
Answer:
The police would not give into the kidnapper’s demands.

XIV. Identify the silent consonants in the following words. (6 × 1/2 = 3)

(a) flight
Answer:
gh

(b) saturday
Answer:
r

(c) wrap
Answer:
w

(d) parlour
Answer:
r

(e) debris
Answer:
s

(f) reign
Answer:
g

XV. Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words. (6 × 1/2 = 3)

(a) Elizabeth walks gracefully.
Answer:
Verb

(b) Wow, that looks amazing.
Answer:
Interjection

(c) The new car broke down.
Answer:
Adjective

(d) Have a book under the couch.
Answer:
Adverb

(e) Seema came here but she did not bring the books.
Answer:
Conjunction

(f) My parents are travelling to Japan next month.
Answer:
Noun

XVI. Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings/definitions in Column ‘B’. (6 × 2 = 3)

Answer:
1) f
2) d
3) h
4) g
5) a
6) e

XVII. Convert the following bar graph into a paragraph. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 1.
Examine the bar graph representing the number of students, interested in different games, in a school and try to interpret it into a paragraph.

Answer:
It is a bar-graph representing the number of students interested in games. There are five games and the number of students interested in different games is shown. 300 students like the game of cricket. It is the hight number in the whole of the school. Tennis was liked by the least number 100. The second highest number was in favour of Hockey which comes to 250. 150 students liked Badminton and for volleyball it comes to 200.

OR

Mr. Gowtham’s monthly income is ₹ 30,000. He spends 25% of his salary on rent and 15% on food. Another 15% is spent on the education of his children. He uses 5% of his income for entertainment. Household and other expenses consume 20% of his salary. The remaining 20% of his income is saved. Represent this data by a pie chart.
Answer:

XVIII. Read the following transcriptions and write ANY FIVE words in ordinary spellings. (5 × 1 = 5)

(a) /mǝubail/
Answer:
mobile

(b) /seltǝ(r)/
Answer:
shelter

(c) /tsaild/
Answer:
child

(d) /medsn/
Answer:
medicine

(e) /fi :lin/
Answer:
feeling

(f) /tsa:ns/
Answer:
chance

(g) /i :seetik/
Answer:
aesthetic

(h) /ǝ:dǝ(r)/
Answer:
order

(i) /sitizn/
Answer:
citizen

(j) /slvl/
Answer:
civil

OR

Find the word that is different from the other words in the group with regard to the sound of the underlined letters:

(a) chin character cheap
Answer:
character

(b) unit upset umbrella
Answer:
unit

(c) host most lost
Answer:
lost

(d) root shoot foot
Answer:
foot

(e) some come home
Answer:
home

XIX. Write the number of syllables for ANY SIX of the following words :

(a) commonwealth
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

(b) fruitful
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

(c) tempest
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

(d) surrender
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

(e) flattery
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

(f) infidelity
Answer:
Polysyllabic
(5 syllables)

(g) answer
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

(h) subsistence
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

(i) prosthetic
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

(j) penury
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

XX. Complete the following dialogue : (4 × 1 = 4)

Dentist : How may I help you?
Patient : I got an accident last month, and my ……… was chipped. What should I do?
Dentist : Well, let me see. Please rinse your mouth out. (examine the teeth).
Patient : Since the accident I sometimes get a terrible ____ in this teeth.
Dentist : Okay, I think this teeth cannot be crowned, I suggest that you have a denture.
Patient : How long do I need for making the ……….? And how much is it?
Dentist : Approximately one week, and the price is depending on your choice. If you choose the best quality, it’s about Rs 10,000 for everything.
Patient : I think I’ll get the best _____. So when will I have the denture?
Dentist : By the end of this month.
Answer:
Dentist : How may I help you?
Patient : I got an accident last month, and my _____ was chipped. What should I do?
Answer: tooth
Dentist : Well, let me see. Please rinse your mouth out. (examine the teeth).
Patient : Since the accident I sometimes get a terrible ______ in this teeth.
Answer: pain
Dentist : Okay, I think this teeth cannot be crowned, I suggest that you have a denture.
Patient : How long do I need for making the ______ ? And how much is it
Answer: denture
Dentist : Approximately one week, and the price is depending on your choice. If you choose the best quality, it’s about Rs 10,000 for everything.
Patient : I think I’ll get the best _____. So when will I have the denture?
Answer: one
Dentist : By the end of this month.

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 7 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 7 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) No words could be invented for such supreme happiness, eclipsing all other feelings.
b) Yes. My first rank slipped to the second.
c) It was a capital idea of mine-that it was!
Answer:
a) Introduction : This sentence is taken from Roger Bannister’s inspirational essay The First Four Minutes. It is his personal experience.

Context & Explanation : Finally Bannister reached the place where no man had yet ventured. He achieved it in his first attempt of the year. He was the first man to run the race of one mile in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He did on May 6^th, 1954. Therefore he became free from the burden of athletic ambition. There were no words for describing his happiness. His joy was boundless. It eclipsed all other feelings.

Critical Comment : Here, he describes his elation for his success.

b) Introduction : This sentence is taken from the prose piece, Father, Dear Father written by Raj Kinger. Actually this is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

Context & Explanation : Rahul is the class topper in his school. His first rank slips to the second. Admitting the guilt, he writes a letter to his father. His father’s advice to think before studying, before answering the papers makes him think and think. The word think makes him reflect on several issues including many pitfalls in our education system. Further, he says that the sense of life is not taught to him. He feels that the education should give a feel of life to him and should be useful in life.

Critical Comment : Rahul, the class topper in his school, presents his anguish over the present education system through a letter to his father in this context.

c) Introduction : This line is taken from the one-act play, Box and Cox written by John Maddison Morton. This play is regarded as the best farce of the nineteenth century.

Context & Explanation : Mrs. Bouncer is by nature covetous lady. It is this trait of personality that makes her let out a single room to two different persons simultaneously, taking unadvantage of their different professions and callings. By this, she is able to earn double income from the same room. She takes the opportunity thinking it as a capital idea. Practically, nobody can imagine such a thing. As soon as Cox leaves the room, she gets busy in the room to put his thingS out of Mr. Box’s way.

Critical Comment : Here, Mrs Bouncer feels proud of herself to have got an idea to rent out the room to two different people at the same time.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Have you sighted anyone.
With shadows in his dusky eyes ?
b) Success is failure turned inside out.
c) And fare thee weel, my only
Luve and fare thee weel a while !
Answer:
a) Introduction : These are the opening lines of the poem, “The Beggar” written by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal, a popular Telugu poet. He has written in Telugu as Bichchagadu. it is translated into English by Elanaaga, (Dr. Surendra).

Context & Explanation : The poem projects the intense grief and suffering of the farmers. A farmer today is misery incarnate. His eyes speak volumes about farmers’ sorrow. The poet minces no words in highlighting their woes. He opens the poem with a question. It identifies farmers with dark eyes that are filled with the shadows of their struggles. The reader, addressed as ‘you’, is forced to understand and sympathise with farmers. Therefore the lines play an important role in initiating the thought process effectively.

Critical Comment : The poet portrays the pathetic plight of farmers. He is questioning the reader to make him to think about the farmers.

b) Introduction : This wonderful line is taken from the classic inspi-rational poem, ‘Keep Going’, penned by Edgar Albert Guest, a well- known people’s poet.

Context & Explanation : The poem is all about perserverance, determination and will-power not to give up when one is swimming against the tide. Every failure is a learning opportunity to turn it into success. It is because success and failure are made of the same cloth. Beneath success there is failure and beneath failure there is success. Be optimistic that you can acquire success.

Critical Comment : The poem reminds us that there are seeds of success in every failure. That is why we mustn’t quit.

c) Introduction: This couplet is taken from the beautiful lyric, ‘A Red Red Rose’ written by Robert Burns. It is one of the best lyrics of English poetry. It blends the eternity of love with the mortality of life.

Context & Explanation : The speaker says that he will love his beloved forever. Even after the seas get dried up, all the rocks melt, and the sands of life exhaust their love stays alive. It will last forever. For the present, the speaker says good bye only to return soon, though the journey is to a far off place the poem blends the eternity of love with the mortality of life.

Critical Comment : The poet makes several promises to love his beloved forever.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Who is taking the noble mission of Thimmakka forward and how ?
b) The whole speech is on human traits. Comment with reference to Booker T Washington’s Two Sides of Life.
c) Write a paragraph on the present day education system as described in Rahul’s letter.
Answer:
a) Planting more and more plants is the noble mission of Thimmakka. She expanded her mission from 10 banyan saplings to over 8000 other trees. Her outstanding work earned her the name Saalumarada, which means a row of trees. Now, she is 100 plus. Her noble mission is taken forward by her faster son, Sri Umesh. He has been planting and tending to trees along the roads, in schools, public places and on the mountains, and hill tops also runs the PRITHVI BACHAO movement successfully. He maintains nursery and distributes plants to the farmers who are interested in growing plants. So, the adopted son adopts her noble mission of planting saplings.

b) Booker T Washington is a world-famous Afro-American writer, activist and educator. His collection of speeches comes in the form of Character Building. A selection from that celebrated book is our present lesson. It discusses the two sides of life. It recommends the positive side. Yes. The lesson discusses various traits of man. Indeed, it is about and from Character Building. It focuses on the optimism and pessimism mainly. It touches upon the need to be honest and frank. It dwells upon the world’s view of positive and negative sided people. It analyses man’s view of education. It highlights the desirable traits of teachers. Thus the entire piece is devoted to a debate on multiple human traits.

c) Raj Kinger’s Father, Dear Father is a heart wrenching letter addressed to a father by his son, Rahul. In his letter, Rahul condemns our educational system and explains the reason for losing his first rank. If was due to his disagreement with his teacher regarding an answer in English Grammar. Although the teacher -was wrong, he was adamant that he was correct. Rahul criticizes such an education system which curbs in-dependent thinking and encourages blind adherence to whatever the teacher teachers. Thus, he condemns the emphasis placed on examinations, marks and ranks. For him practical education matters more than theoretical.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Discuss the aptness of the title “The Noble Nature” to the poem.
b) Seeing helps one better in understanding then listening to. Justify the statement with reference to the poem, ‘Happiness’.
c) List the abilities a farmer is endowed with, according to the poem.
Answer:
a) The Noble Nature is one of the most popular lyrics of Ben Jonson. He is regarded as one of the major dramatists and poets of the Seventeenth Century. In this poem, he seeks to explain what makes man’s life noble. The core meaning of the poem centres around this single idea. In just ten lines of the poem, the poet says twice. Man better be; and life perfect be. And to make Man better or life perfect, he advises one to lead a meaningful life of light-like that of a lily. Thus, the focus of the poem is clearly on making Man better. To explain this point, examples of the oak and the lily are used. Hence, the title, The Noble Nature, suits the poem well. The poem says leading meaningful life even for a short while is worthier than leading a long life with neither charm nor value.

b) Carl Sandburg’s poem, ‘Happiness’ conveys a beautiful message. It is extracted from his collection, Chicago songs. It shows how the narrator tries to find out the real meaning of happiness and his ultimate realization.

This seems like a more light hearted poem. The poet depicts the narrator’s experience. He asks people what they think of happiness. The first two he asks are the people who should know what happiness is. But, both look at him as if he is trying to fool them. He then ventures out to observe some of the lower class. He examplifies, what he sees, his image of happiness.

The poem centers around the difference between the lower and the upper class. He favours the lower class for their simplicity. They value the things in their lives. It is proved in the lives of Hungarians. They show him what happiness is. They enjoy then food, drink, music and fun. At last, seeing Hungarians helps the narrator in understanding how they spend happy moments under a tree. Then he realizes what happiness is. Even if they are not very well educated or wealthy, they stand as a symbol of sharing and helping mentality people.

c) Dr. Ammangi Venugopal is a creative genius. He is well aware of the abilities of a farmer. In his poem, The Beggar, the poet minces no words in depicting farmers’ abilities. They are the food providers to all. Their eyes are dark with shadows of their struggles and sufferings. Their backs are bent with burden. Their hands are soiled and severed. Their feet bleed. Yet, their ability to produce food and satisfy others’ hunger remains fully active. They work hard and help others. They are capable of feeding millions. They reduce and satisfy the hunger of even skies. Thus, the poem is endowed with the abilities of a farmer.

Question 5.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Were the three brothers successful in executing their tricks ? Support your answer.
b) Write a paragraph on how Alan and his parents felt excited when he was chosen to play for the school cricket match.
c) “A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and a colonel”. Discuss.
Answer:
a) No. The three brothers failed in their efforts. The famous Chinese folk tale “The Short-sighted Brothers”, explains their failure. All the three brothers were very short-sighted. Once, they wanted to prove the power of their sight. They were to read an inscription. Each learnt secretly from the monk about the writing. They thought they could outsmart the others. They visited the monastery the next day. They started READING from the TABLET. Each one READ out. Then the monk came out. He told them that the TABLET was not yet put up ! They READ from the TABLET that WAS NOT there ! Their folly was exposed. They realised it!

b) Arthur Henry Mee is famous as an eminent educator and journalist. His short story “Playing the Game” is at once didactic and entertain¬ing. Its gripping narration offers a pleasant reading experience. Alan is the lead character. He was a schoolboy. He loved cricket. His parents supported and encouraged him. Alan’s father actually helped Alan practise bowling. He commented that Alan was shaping as a good bowler. Then, Alan was selected to play in his school team. That was a well deserved opportunity. Hence Alan felt excited. That made Alan’s parents doubly excited. That is just natural and justifiable on their part.

c) “The Dinner Party”, by Mona Gardner, showcases the emotional strength of women. Deeds, not empty words, prove this point beyond anyone’s doubt. A colonial officer hosts the dinner party. The guests are just twenty. During the party, an animated discussion arises between a young girl and a colonel. The girl says women have advanced a lot from their earlier era of screaming at the sight of a mouse. The colonel contradicts her stand. He asserts men have an extra ounce of nerve control in a crisis. And he adds that ounce counts a lot. But the girl is right. The story proves at the end how strong a woman is in crises!

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
Thus, things were moving happily. But the farmers were perturbed. They observed the lives of people on the other side of the river Krishna ruled by the British and found that people were happy there. There was no drudgery, no penalties-no beatings either. But if the people of Ramasagaram were to migrate to that side leaving the households and assets earned by their ancestors and their caste trades as well, how would they live ?

Questions:
i) “Thus, things were moving happily.” ‘Happily’ to whom ?
ii) What did the farmers observe ?
iii) What did the farmers find out ?
iv) What was the reason for the vast difference in the lives of Ramasagaram people and that of those living on the other side of the river ?
v) Was it possible for the people of Ramasagaram to migrate to the other side of the river ?
vi) Give the word from the passage that means disturbed / worried /anxious.
Answer:
i) moving happily to the police personnel
ii) observed the lives of people on the other side of river Krishna ruled by the Britishers.
iii) found that people on the other side of river Krishna were happy
iv) The reason : Ramasagaram was under the Nizam’s rule and the, village on the other side of river Krishna was ruled by the Britishers.
v) No, it was not possible for them to migrate.
vi) ‘perturbed’

Question 7.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M

Mistakes can Make Miracles

Mistakes at times can turn out to be a blessing in disguise. One such error led to the establishment of the Nobel Prize, the most coveted award in the world. When Ludwig (Alfred’s brother) died in 1888, a French newspaper erroneously confused the deceased’s identity with that of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite that brought him enormous money. As a result, it published a scathing obituary entitled The Merchant of Death is Dead. Alfred thus had the rarest opportunity of reading his own death report (obituary). His troubled conscience said to himself, “Is this how posterity is going to remember me ? No, 1 must do something. The huge fortune I made must go to promote peace in this world. “What followed is history. Nobel prizes in Peace, Literature, Physics, Chemistry and Biology/Medicine were thus born !

Questions:
i) What was the error that led to the establishment of the Nobel Prize ?
ii) How did the French paper describe Alfred Nobel ?
iii) Who died in 1888 ?
iv) What was the rarest opportunity Alfred Nobel had ?
v) How did Nobel try to change his image ?
vi) Write the word used in the passage to mean death report.
Answer:
i) confused the deceased’s identity with that of Alfred Nobel
ii) as the Merchant of Death
iii) Ludwig Nobel, Alfred’s brother
iv) to read his own death report
v) by trying to promote peace in the world and by establishing the Nobel Prize.
vi) obituary

Section – C

[Note : Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column – A with their meanings in Column – B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M

Column A	Column B
i) transgression	a) irritation, disappointment
ii) philosopher	b) nervous, rude
iii) plucking	c) real meaning
iv) harbinger	d) identify, be familiar with
v) essence	e) pulling something out
vi) frustration	f) skill
vii) recognize	g) doing wrong, violation of a code
viii) nervy	h) at risk to be lost
ix) craft	i) truth-seeker, logician
x) at stake	j) indication

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) transgression	g) doing wrong, violation of a code
ii) philosopher	i) truth-seeker, logician
iii) plucking	e) pulling something out
iv) harbinger	j) indication
v) essence	c) real meaning
vi) frustration	a) irritation, disappointment
vii) recognize	d) identify, be familiar with
viii) nervy	b) nervous, rude
ix) craft	f) skill
x) at stake	h) at risk to be lost

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
I had (1) a moment (2) of (3) mixed joy (4) and anguish, when (5) my mind (6) took over. It (7) raced well (8) ahead of my body and (9) drew my body compellingly (10) forward.
Answer:
1) had – verb
2) moment – noun
3) of – preposition
4) joy – noun
5) when – pronoun
6) mind – noun
7) it – pronoun
8) well – adverb
9) and – conjunction
10) compelling – adverb

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. Panaji is ……………….. capital of Goa state.
2. ……………….. moon is ……………….. symbol of pleasantness.
3. I have given ……………….. one rupee coin to ……………….. beggar.
4. ……………….. rabbit runs very fast.
5. Is there ……………….. bank near here ?
6. ……………….. talent of ……………….. writer can’t be underestimated.
7. ……………….. simplicity which Gandhi followed is taken as ……………….. example everywhere.
8. I interviewed ……………….. M.P. in ……………….. evening.
9. Did you get married after leaving ……………….. university ?
10. Would you like to be ……………….. actor ?
Answer:
1) the
2) The, the
3) a, the (a)
4) The/A
5) a
6) The, a /the
7) The, an
8) an, the
9) the
10) on

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. It rained ……………….. two days.
2. Switch ……………….. the light, please, it is quite dark here.
3. The trains are seldom ……………….. time.
4. We live ……………….. the fifth floor.
5. She is familiar ……………….. computer hardware.
6. I have not slept properly two ……………….. days.
7. He trembled ……………….. fear when he was caught.
8. Looking forward ……………….. seeing you at the meeting.
9. Most foreigners dream ……………….. visiting India.
10. She insisted ……………….. joining us.
Answer:
1) for
2) on
3) on
4) on
5) with
6) for
7) with
8) to
9) of
10) on

Question 12.
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. Surya Namaskar ……………….. (consist) of twelve postures.
2. Gandhi ……………….. (influence) by the writings of Tolstoy.
3. Bandla Sirisha ……………….. (be) the first Telugu woman (third Indian Origin woman) to go into the space on July 11, 2021.
4. Rohit Sharma ……………….. (bat) for two hours when rain interrupted
the match. ,
5. The meeting ……………….. (start) by 10.00 a.m. tomorrow.
6. Usually my father ……………….. (take) rice for lunch, But now he ……………….. (take) chapatis.
Answer:
1) consists
2) was influnced
3) is
4) had been batting
5) will have started
6) takes … is taking

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) The workers called off the strike.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.)
ii) Every sentence can’t be changed into the passive voice.
(Change the sentence to active voice.)
iii) The teacher said to Kavitha, “What does the word ‘corruption’ mean ?”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
iv) A foolish friend can be more dangerous than a wise enemy. (Change the sentence to positive degree.)
v) You have done your homework, ……………….. ?
(Add an appropriate question tag)
vi) I am unable to answer your question, ……………….. ?
(Add an appropriate question tag)
Answer:
i) The strike was called off by the workers.
ii) One (We) can’t change every sentence into the passive voice.
iii) The teacher asked Kavitha what the word corruption meant.
iv) A wise enemy cannot be so dangerous as a foolish friend.
v) haven’t you
vi) am I (unable = not able)

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. Raghu is my older brother.
2. The streets of Hyderabad are wider than Warangal.
3. Suma is an popular anchor.
4. I waited for a hour.
5. Sun rises in east.
6. Onions cost Rs. 20 kilogram.
Answer:
1. Raghu is my elder brother.
2. The streets of Hyderabad are wider than those of Warangal.
3. Suma is a popular anchor.
4. I waited for an hour.
5. The sun rises in east.
6. Onions cost Rs. 20 a kilogram.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) hi_ _top
ii) ba_ _an
iii) r_ _tine
iv) conc_ _ve
v) m_ _ntain
vi) mi_ _ion
vii) in_ _edible
viii) mons_ _n
ix) ca_ _y
x) reco_ _tion
Answer:
i) hilltop
ii) banyan
iii) routine
iv) conceive
v) mountain / maintain
vi) mission/million
vii) incredible
viii) monsooni
x) carry
xi) recognition

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) yolk
ii) would
iii) pneumonia
iv) consign
v) drawing
vi) what
vii) knead
viii) doubt
ix) island
x) aisle
Answer:
i) yolk – l
ii) would – l
iii) pneumonia – p
iv) consign – g
v) drawing – w
vi) what – h
vii) knead – k
viii) doubt – b
ix) island – s
x) aisle – s

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) desperate
ii) lull
iii) impelled
iv) resistance
v) pride
vi) faint

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) head bead lean
ii) time it I
iii) way waste want
iv) eye get check
v) march start nation
vi) being stage morning
Answer:
i) head
ii) it
iii) want
iv) eye
v) nation
vi) stage

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) pension
ii) source
iii) confer
iv) captivate
v) modest
vi) contribution
Answer:
i) 2 – disyllabic
ii) 1 – monosyllabic
iii) 2 – disyllabic
iv) 3 – trisyllabic
v) 2 – disyllabic
vi) 4 – polysyllabic

Question 20.
a) Observe the pie chart given below. It contains information about the mode of transport used by students of a certain junior college. Write a small paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

b) Read the following paragraph and transfer the information into a flow chart.
The following paragraph describes how clothes are washed. Draw a flow chart based on the information given. First, fill a bucket half full with water. Then, add a spoonful of washing powder. Stir vigorously till the power mixes with water and forms foam. Put the unwashed clothes into it. Wait for fifteen minutes. Take out clothes and scrub with a brush to remove stains. Now, rinse the clothes with clean water.

Wring out the clothes gently by twisting and compressing them. This removes excess water from the clothes. This saves the time of drying. Now dry the washed clothes by putting them on the clothes line. Collect the washed and dried clothes later.
Answer:
a) Mode of Transport of Students
The given pie chart presents the mode of transport used by students of a particular junior college. A major part of them 40% – use the public transport, i.e. bus. A half of the share of bus, that is 20% of them travel by autorickshaws. Two wheelers and cars carry 15% each of the students. Just 10% of them use the cleanest and the healthiest mode – walking.
(Or)
b) How to wash clothes ?

Self-assessment with TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Papers Set 3 allows students to take charge of their own learning.

TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Paper Set 3 with Solutions

Time : 3 Hours
Max Marks : 100

सूचना : प्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयप्रश्नान् विहाय सर्वे प्रश्नाः संस्कृतभाषायैव समाधातव्याः ।
Note : Except Q. Nos. 1,2 & 3 all other questions should be answered in Sanskrit (Devanagari Script) only.

I. एकं श्लोकं पूरयित्वा तस्य भावं लिखत | (1 × 6 = 6)

1. सिहं: शिशुरपि ……. हेतुः ।
जवाब:
सिंहः शिशुरपि निपतति मदमलिनकपोलभित्तिषु गजेषु ।
प्रकृतिरियं सत्ववतां न खलु वयस्तेजसो हेतुः ॥

Substance: A lion, though young, attacks elephants whose wall-like temples are muddled with rut. It is the nature of the courageous. Age is not a reason for courage.

2. क्षेत्रं श्रुतेनैव ……….. चन्दनेन ||
जवाब:
श्रोत्रं श्रुतेनैव न कुण्डलेन दानेन पाणिर्न तु कङ्कणेन ।
विभाति कायः करुणापराणां परोपकारैर्न त चन्दनेन ॥

Ans. Substance: The ear of the kind-hearted people shines not with earrings but with learning, their hand shines not with bracelet but with donation, and their body shines not with sandal paste but with helpful deeds.

II. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्ता । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. स्वशिष्याणां लक्ष्यप्रहरणज्ञानं द्रोणः कथं परीक्षितवान् ?
How did Drona test the shooting skills of his disciples ?
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson: is an extract from the 126th chapter of the Adiparva of the Mahabharata written by Veda Vyasa. The lesson narrates Drona’s testing the shooting skills of his disciples.

The artificial bird: Drona wanted to test the archery skill of his disciples. He arranged an artificial bird on the top of a tree as the target. He asked his disciples to stand with their bows drawn aiming at the bird.

Drona’s Questions: Drona first went to Yudhisthira. He asked him whether he saw the bird. Yudhishthira replied in affirmative. Then Drona again asked him whether he saw the tree, his brothers and himself. Yudhishthira again answered in affirmative. Drona was dissatisfied and told Yudhishthira that he could not hit the target, and asked him to go back.

Then he put the same question to Duryodhana and his brothers. Later he asked Bhima and others, and the princes from other kingdoms. When all of them said that they saw everything, he reproached them.

Arjuna’s reply: Later Drona told Arjuna that he should hit the target. त्वयेदानीं प्रहर्तव्यम् एतल्लक्ष्यं निशम्यताम् । He asked him to draw his bow and wait for his word. Arjuna stood drawing his bow in a circular fashion. When Drona asked him, Arjuna said that he saw the bird only. The pleased Drona again asked him to describe the bird. But, Arjuna answered. “I see the head of the bird only, and not its body.”: पश्यामि भासस्य न गात्रम् ।

At Drona’s word, Arjuna released the arrow and felled the head of the bird. Drona embraced him with happiness. तस्मिन्कर्मणि संसिद्धे पर्यष्वजत फल्गुणम् ।

Drona caught by crocodile: Later, after some days, Drona went to the Ganga to take bath, along with his disciples. While Drona was taking bath, a crocodile caught him. Drona asked his disciples to kill it, and save him Arjuna shot five arrows at it, and killed it.

The powerful astra: Drona then gave Arjuna the astra named Brahmasiras. He said that it should not be used against humans. It will burn the worlds if used against persons of low energy. जगद्विनिर्दहेदेतत् अल्पतेजसि पातितम् | There was nothing equal to it in the world. It could be used against any non-human enemy in a battle. Arjuna promised him that he would use it wisely.Drona blessed Arjuna saying, “There will be no other archer like you in this world ever.”

2. हनुमता शिलासनं स्वीकर्तुं नारदतुम्बुरौ किमर्थं आदिष्टौ ? ससन्दर्भं निरूपयत ।
Why were Narada and Tumbura asked to take rock seats by Hanuman? Explain referring to the context.
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson was written by Sri Sannidhanam Suryanarayana Sastry. It is taken from his work Poornapatram. Sri Sastry was a great scholar in Sanskrit literature and Grammar. He authored more than 45 books in Telugu and Sanskrit.

Rivalry of the Divine singers : Once rivalry ensued between the celestial singers Narada and Tumbura regarding their relative merits in singing. It was fueled by others who took sides. The singers considered each other as a blade of grass and particle of dust. Each waited for an opportunity to insult others. id yd&à àì पराभवितुं मिथः ।

Helplessness of Brahma and Vishnu : Narada and Tumbura went to Brahma, and asked him to judge their singing merits. Brahma said that as Narada was his son, Tumbura might consider him partial. He directed them to Vishnu. aaì fagıų Ħi गत्वा वैकुण्ठं पृच्छतं युवाम् When they went to Vaikuntha, Vishnu also said that as Narada was his devotee ज्ञातं ते खलु मुख्योऽयं भक्तेषु मम नारदः he would be considered partial. He directed them to Hanuman, who was a devotee of Rama, and a great singer.

Melting of the rocks : Narada and Tumbura went to Anjaneya, who was in meditation in the Himalayas. Hanuman asked them to sit on the rock slabs,and started to sing hymns of praise. As a result of his sweet singing, stumps started to sprout, and rocks melted.स्थाणवोऽङ्कुरिता येन प्रद्रुता अभवन् शिलाः The two sages sitting on rockseats were caught in the melted rock slush. When Hanuman finished his singing, the rocks solidified again. Narada and Tumbura were stuck in their rock seats. The singing of Narada and Tumbura : The two exerted to extricate themselves out. Hanuman asked them to sing as they came for judgement from him. Tumbura played on the lute for a long time. The rock seats stayed solid only, After he stopped, Narada started to sing. The rock slabs became little soft loosening their tightness. Even after he sang for a long time, nothing more happened.

The singing of Hanuman : Hanuman took pity on them. He started to sing sweetly continuing the song left unfinished by Narada. The rocks melted. The delighted sages came out of the slush. They bowed to Hanuman. Having lost their pride, they went away. Narada’s greatness over Tumbura was like that of squint eye over a blind eye. He also felt ashamed.

III. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्ता । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. कीर्तिसेनायाः वीरतां सोदाहरणं विशदीकुरुत ।
जवाब:
The story ‘“वीरवनिता कीर्तिसेना” was taken from “संस्कृत गद्यावलि ” which was written by Sri. P.V. Kane.

In the city Pataliputra a merchant named Dhanapalitha had a daughter Keerthisena. He made the wedding of his daughter with the merchant Devasena. Even though, Keer-thisena was looked after carefully by her husband. She was tortured by her cruel mother-in-law. After some days, Devasena went abroad to earn more money. When Devasena left the house, his mother had started to torture her daughter-in-law Keerthisena in so many ways. Finally she planned to kill Keerthisena.

But, Keerthisena with her bravery escaped from that and reached a forest. There she encountered the thieves gang. With fear, she was hidden behind a tree. At mid-night, Keer-thisena saw a vampire with its kids. The kids were very hungry and asked it for food. The vampired gave assurance for the food with the death of the king Vasudatta. By hearding the news the kids were very happy and they had a doubt, how could the kind survive? The vampire replied and cleared the doubt of its children by telling the remdiy for survival of the king and left from that place.

After listening all that, Keerthisena the next day went to meet the king and met the king. Keerthisena did as the vampire said and made him healthy. For doing this the king offered the kingdom of his own for Keerthisena. But she refused and said, “After some time I will ask you for what ever I want. Then, you can give me.” For some days she stayed in the kingdom itself.

After some days, Devasena returned to his city the money he earned. Keerthisena felt very happy to meet her husband after many days. Devasena was very anxious to know the reason behind Keerthisena’s dressing as doctor. He praised his wife for what she had done. The king also told that Keerthisena is my sister gifted by God and happily gifted the couple with half of his kingdom. In this way her brav- ery, intilligence Keerthisena over came her mother-in-law’s torture and lived hap- pily.

2. दशरथश्रवणकुमारयोः वृत्तान्तं लिखत ।
जवाब:
The present story ” पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः ” was taken from the book साहित्य सुधा” which was written by charudeva Sastry.

Once upon a time the king Dasaratha of Surya vamsa went to forest alone to know the goods and bads of the saints. At that time he heard something being dipped into river. He thought it was an elephant and immediately shot an arrow in the direction of that sound.

There after he heard some person’s loud voice with the words “O’Father! O’ Mother”. by listening these words the king realised that he aimed a human not an elephant. Immediately the king reached that human and asked all the details of him and for which purpose that person is here.

He said “My name is Sravana. I came here to get water for my parents who were very thirsty. You shot me with your arrow without any reason. With this I am going to die. But I am thinking about my parents who are old, blind also. They are wait- ing for return of mine and for water.

So, you go to him without late, tell him what had happened and console them and let me die with this arrow in my body. Then Dasaradha takes out the arrow from Sravana’s body and immediately after that Sravana passed away.

The king Dasaradha realised what he did. He started hating himself and was afraid that the parents would curse him. With these thoughts he went to the blind couple’s place. Hearing the sound of his feet Sravana’s father asked why he was late and where was the water.

With this Dasaradha shamefully with shivering voice replied “O” saints! I am not Sravana. I am the sinful person who killed your son Dasaradha, the king of Ayodhya”. And also told the reason behind the killing of the saint’s son.

Eventhough Dasaradha tried to console them in so many ways, nothing worked. Then, king took them to the place where Sravana died. After reaching that place they cried breathlessly for a very long time and became unconscious.

After sometime they regained their consciousness and realised that their son was died. Then they cursed the king DasaradHa “You killed our only son. You will also die from sadness caused by your son without any reason.” After cursing they also died there.

Then the king placed a pyre for them and sent to heaven. But, the curse given by Sravana’s father was remained in his heart forever. When Rama was going to forest he remembered all of it again. He died of the sadness that Rama was leaving him. The curse was gotten real.

IV. चतुर्णां प्रश्नानां समाधानानि लिखत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. कुडनफ्त्तने धनपालकः नाम श्रेष्ठी किं करोति ?
जवाब:
कुण्डिनपत्तने धनपालको नाम श्रेष्ठी आत्मानम् आश्रितवद्भ्यः वृद्धिं विना मूलधनं दत्वा तान् वाणिज्ये व्यापारयतीति साहायं करोतिस्म ।

2. हीरलाले परिवर्तने आगते सः किमकरोत् ?
जवाब:
हीरालाले परिवर्तने आगते सः आलस्यं परित्यज्य प्रजानां हितकर्मणि आत्मानं नियोजितवान् ।

3. सर्वे भ्रातरः मात्र । कथिते विषये विश्वासं कृत्वा किं चिन्तितवन्तः ?
जवाब:
सर्वे भ्रातरः विश्वसितवन्तः, चिन्तितवन्तः च एतादृश्यः अन्याः अपि पेटिकाः भूमे अन्तः तया निक्षिप्ताः स्युः इति ।

4. संन्यासिनः कथनस्य आशयम् अवगत्य राजा तं नमस्कृत्य कि प्रार्थितवान् ?
जवाब:
महात्मन् मम कार्यस्य अशाश्वतता अवगता मया । इतः परं मया किं करणीयम् इति उपदिश्यतां कृपया इति प्रार्थितवान् ।

5. संजीवस्य पिता किमभिधाय राजीवं अभ्यनन्दत् ?
जवाब:
साधु वत्स! साधु! ईदृशा एव प्रशस्याः । अस्माकं देशे यदा सर्वे जनाः ईदृशाः भविष्यन्ति, तदा राष्ट्रोन्नतिः सुनिश्चिता” इत्यभिधाय परं प्रीतः सन् पुनः पुनः तमभ्यनन्दत् ।

6. अब्दुल कलामेन कृतां वैज्ञानिकी अभिवृद्धिं विशदीकुरुत ।
जवाब:
अब्दुल कलामः पृथ्वी, आकाश, त्रिशूल, नाम इत्यादीनां प्रक्षेपास्त्रणां प्रयोगेन भारतस्य वैज्ञानिकशास्त्रवैदूष्यं समस्तविश्वाय दर्शितवान् ।

7. हीरालाल ः मात्रा दत्ताः रोटिकाः किं अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
हीरालालः एकां रोटिकां खादित्वा अपराः तिस्रः रोटिकाः पाथेयरूपेण अङ्गवस्त्रे बद्ध्वा वृत्तेः अन्वेषणाय नगरीं प्रस्थितवान् ।

8. राजा सुकृतशर्मा एकदा किं अचिन्तयत् ?
जवाब:
एकदा राजा अचिन्तयत् – मम नाम जनानां जिह्वासु यथा नृत्येत् तथा भव्यः कश्चन प्रासादः निर्मातव्यः इति ।

V. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भ व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. पूर्वं दत्तवरा देवी वरमेनमयाचत ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं महर्षि वाल्मीकिना विरचितात् श्रीमद्रामायणे बालकाण्डात् प्रथमसर्गात् रामो विग्रहवान धर्मः इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – दशरथेन कृतान् रामस्य अभिषेकयत्नान् दृष्ट्वा भार्या कैकेयी दशरथं प्रति एवं जगाद ।
भावः – महाराज ! पुरा भवता मां प्रति दत्तौ वरौ इदानीं याचितुम इच्छामि ।

2. त्वर्येदानीं प्रहर्तव्यम् एतल्लक्ष्पं निशम्यताम् ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् महाभारत ग्रन्थात् लक्ष्यशुद्धिः इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भ: – शिष्य प्रहरणशक्ति जिज्ञासुः द्रोणः अर्जुनं प्रति इदं वाक्यं उवाच ।
भावः – दृश्यमानं भासरूपलक्ष्यं त्वया अस्मिन् काले वेदनीयं शृणु ।

3. सकृन्निगदमात्रेण तौ सञ्जगृहतुर्नृप ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् श्रीमहाभागवत पुराणात् श्रीकृष्णस्य गुरुदक्षिणा इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – बलरामकृष्णौ सर्ववेदान् एकवार श्रवण मात्रेण अध्येतुं समर्थो आस्तां ।
भावः – तौ बलरामकृष्णौ गुरुणा एकवारं उक्तमपि वेदादिकं ग्रहीतुं समर्थो अभवताम् ।

4. देशकालौ प्रतीक्षेते तौ पराभवितुं मिथः ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं श्री सन्निधानं सूर्यनारायण शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् पूर्णपात्रम् इति पुस्तकात् “गानपरीक्षा” इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – तुम्बुरुनारदौ अल्पीयांसा मन्यन्तौ परस्परं परिभवितुं प्रतिक्षेते इति कविः वर्णयति ।
भावः – कस्मिन् प्रदेशे कदा नारदस्य परिभवः विधीयः इति पुम्बुरुः, तथैव तुम्बुरं परिभवितुं नारदः कालं प्रतीक्षेताम् ।

VI. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भ व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. मर्त्यानां मृत्युशान्तये तपोदानप्रभावतः द्रव्यैः अमृतं स्रष्टुं उपचक्रमे ।
जवाब:
परिचयः – वाक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृत गद्यावलिः – इति ग्रन्थांत् ‘दलायुः दानशीलः नागार्जुनः’ इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – मृतं पुत्रं शोचन्तं नागार्जुनः स्वमनसि एवं निश्चितवान ।
अर्थः- मनुष्यणां मरणबाधां अपनेतुं तपसात् लभ्यं द्रव्येण अमृत सृजामि ।

2. एषा वैद्यवेषं विधाय मह्यं जीवितं व्यतरत् ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृतगद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थात् ‘वीरवनिता कीर्तिसेना’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – राजा वृत्तान्तं सर्वं ज्ञात्वा देवसेनं प्रति वाक्यमिदं जगाद ।
भावः – वैद्यरूपेण आगत्य तव पत्नी मम जीवनं पुनः मां दत्तवती ।

3. शरणागतस्य परिपालनमेव राज्ञः प्रथमो धर्मः ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं के. एल्. वी. शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘संस्कृ-ततृतीयादर्शः’ इत्यस्मात् ग्रन्थात् ‘शरणागतरक्षणम’ इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – राजा शिबिः श्येनं प्रति इंदम् अब्रवीत् ।
भावः – आश्रितानां रक्षणं राज्ञः श्रेष्ठः कर्तव्यम् ।

4. पुत्रवद् अहं युवां सेविष्ये ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं चारुदेवशास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘साहित्यसुधा’ इति ग्रन्थे पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – “मया तव पुत्रः मारितः “इति वृत्तान्तं सर्वं दशरथः श्रवणस्य पित्रोः उक्त्वा, अनन्तरं वाक्यमिदं जगाद |
भावः – तव पुत्रः पुष्मान यथा सुश्रूषयति तथा अहमपि करोपि ।

VII. द्वौ प्रश्नौ समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. परोपकारिणां स्वभावः कीदृश: ?
जवाब:
परोपकाराः सर्वसम्पदैः युक्ता अपि विनम्राः, गर्वरहिताः सर्वदा हितकारिणः अन्येभ्यः भवन्ति ।

2. भगवान् यमं किमुवाच ?
जवाब:
भगवान् यमं प्रति “स्वेन कर्ममनुसृत्य तव लोके स्थितं मम गुरुपुत्रं मदाज्ञया मम पुरतः आनय” इति उवाच ।

3. जनस्थाने रामेण का विरूपिता अभवत् ?
जवाब:
जनस्थाने रामेण शूर्पणखा राक्षसी कामरूपिणी विरूपिता अभवत् ।

4. मनसः रसायनानि कानि ?
जवाब:
अम्बायाः मधुराणि दृशः हि मनसः रसायनानि ।

VIII. द्वौ प्रश्नौ समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. शिरच्छेदनसन्दर्भे नागार्जुनः चिरायुं किं उक्तवान् ?
जवाब:
शिरच्छेदन सन्दर्भे नागार्जुनः चिरायुं प्रति – “राजन! न कोऽप्यर्थी मत्तो विमुखो याति । तदिदानीं त्वत्पुत्राया स्वशिरो मया दत्तम् इति उक्तवान् ।

2. पक्षिणां निवेदनं समाकर्ण्य गरुडः किमिति अचिन्तयत् ?
जवाब:
पक्षिणां निवेदनं समाकर्ण्य गरुडः एवम् अचिन्तयत् – “सत्यमुक्तमेतैः पक्षिभिः । तदद्य गत्वा तं समुद्रं शोषयामः” इति ।

3. दिव्यरूपधरौ श्येनकपोतौ किमूचतुः ?
जवाब:
दिव्यरूपधरै श्येनकपोतौ “राजन् ! तव भूतदयां परीक्षितुम आगतौ । सत्यं दयालुरेवासि । चिरं विजयस्व” इति ऊचतुः ।

4. बाल्ये जीव भौतिकशास्त्रं प्रति आकृष्ट जगदीशः कि कि करोति स्म ?
जवाब:
बाल्ये जीवभौतिकशास्त्रं प्रति आकृष्टः जगदीशः स्वग्राम विविधान कीटान क्रिमीन च गृहीत्वा परिशीलयति स्म । अपि च जलप्रवाहात् बहुविधान् मत्स्यान जलसर्पानपि ज्येष्ठसोदर्याः पर्यवेक्षणे गृहीत्वा परीक्षते स्म ।

IX. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. कः पशुः भवति ?
जवाब:
विद्याविहीनः पशुः भवति ।

2. सीता रामं कथं अनुगता ?
जवाब:
यथा शशिनं रोहिणी तथा सीता रामं अनुगता ।

3. सव्यसाची कीदृशः तस्थौ ?
जवाब:
सव्यसाची गुरुवाक्यप्रचोदितः लक्ष्यं समुद्दिश्य तस्यैौ ।

4. सुरगायनौ कौ ?
जवाब:
नारदतुम्बुरौ सुरगायनौ ।

5. अद्यापि ग्रामे कस्याः सुगुणकीर्तनं विदधते ?
जवाब:
अद्यापि ग्रामे जनन्याः (मातुः) सुगुणकीर्तनं विदधते ।

X. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. कः राजानं आत्मानं च विजरौ चिरजीवितौ अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
नागार्जुनः राजानं आत्मानं च विजरौ चिरजीवितौ अकरोत ।

2. मां श्वश्रूर्निरन्तरं भर्त्सयिष्यत इति कस्याः उक्तिः ?
जवाब:
मां श्वश्रूर्निरन्तरं भर्त्सयिष्यत इति कीर्तिसेनायाः उक्तिः ।

3. जाह्नवी सिन्धुः च कथं समुद्रं प्रविशतः ?
जवाब:
जाह्नवी सिन्धुःच नवनदीशतानि गृहित्वा समुद्रं प्रविशतः ।

4. वामात् अक्ष्णः कः समजनि ?
जवाब:
वामात् अक्ष्णः सन्तोषबाब समजनि ।

5. जगदीशः किं शास्त्र प्रति आकृष्टः अभवत् ?
जवाब:
जगदीशः जीवभौतिकशास्त्र प्रति आकृष्टः अभवत् ।

XI. संवित्परीक्षा (5 × 1 = 5)

पुरा कस्यचन वणिजः गृहे एकः वृषभः गर्दभः च आस्ताम् । एकदा सः गर्दभस्य पृष्ठे तूलं, वृषभपृष्ठे लवणगोणीं च निधाय विपणिं प्रति अगच्छत् । मार्गे काचित् नदी आसीत् । तां नदीं तरन् वृषभः भाराक्रान्तः सन् जले अपतत् । प्रवाहेण क्लिन्नं लवणम् अद्रवत् । तेन वृषभस्य भारःन्यूनः अभवत् । वृषभं दृष्ट्वा गर्दभः अपि स्वयं जले अपतत् । जले क्लिन्नस्य तूलस्य भारः द्विगुणः अजायत । वणिक्, अपि गर्दभम् अताडयत् ।

नीतिः अविचार्य परानुकरणं सन्तापकारणं भवति ।

1. वणिक् एकदा कुत्र अगच्छत् ?
जवाब:
वणिक् एकदा विपणिं प्रति अगच्छत् ।

2. वृषभः भाराक्रान्तः सन् किं अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
वृषभः भाराक्रान्तः सन् जले अपतत् 1

3. वृषभं दृष्टवा गर्दभः किं अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
वृषभं दृष्टवा गर्दभः अपि जले अपतत् ।

4. कस्य भारः द्विगुणः अजायत ?
जवाब:
गर्दभस्य भारः द्विगुणः अजायत ।

5. अस्याः कथायाः का नीतिः ?
जवाब:
अविचार्य परानुकरणं सन्तापकारणं भवति ।

XII. चत्वारि सन्धिनामनिर्देशसहितं विघटयत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. गजाननः
2. नरेन्द्रः
3. ममैव
4. इत्यन्वयः
5. हरये
6. अन्वगच्छत्
7. गुरौऽव
8. विद्यार्थी
जवाब:
1. गजाननः = गज + आननः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. नरेन्द्रः = नर + इन्द्रः (गुणसन्धिः)
3. ममैव = मम + एव (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
4. इत्यन्वयः = इति + अन्वयः (यणादेशसन्धिः)
5. हरये = हरे + ए (अयवायावसन्धिः)
6. अन्वगच्छत् = अनु + अगच्छत् (यणादेशसन्धिः)
7. गुरोऽव = गुरो + अव (पूर्वरूपसन्धिः)
8. विद्यार्थी = विद्या + अर्थी (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)

XIII. चत्वारि नामनिर्देशसहितं सन्धत्त । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. शुभ + अङ्गः
2. परमः + ईशः
3. महा + ऐक्यता
4. तौ + अत्र
5. प्रति + आगमनम्
6. गते + अपि
7. तव + लृकारः
8. धातृ + श्रणम्
जवाब:
1. शुभ + अङ्गः = शुभङ्गः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. परमः + ईशः = परमेशः (गुणसन्धिः)
3. महा + ऐक्यता = महैक्यता (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
4. तौ + अत्र = तावत्र (अयवायावसन्धिः)
5. प्रति + आगमनम् = प्रत्यागमनम् (यणादेशसन्धिः)
6. गते + अपि = गतेऽपि (पूर्वरूपसन्धिः)
7. तव + लृकारः = तवल्कारः (गुणसन्धिः)
8. धातृ + श्रणम् = धातृणम् (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)

XIV. द्वयोः शब्दयो अन्त- लिङ्ग वचन निर्देशसहितं रूपाणि लिखत | (2 × 4 = 8)

1. कवि
जवाब:

2. सीता
जवाब:

3. अस्मद्
जवाब:

XV. द्वयोः धात्वोः निर्दिष्टानि लकाररूपाणि लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. गच्छति
जवाब:

2. भवतु
जवाब:

3. धावेत्
जवाब:

4. सते
जवाब:

XVI. संस्कृतभाषया अनुवदत | (5 × 1 = 5)

1. Let your mother be your God.
जवाब:
मातृदेवो भव ।

2. Excellence in action is Yoga.
जवाब:
योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ।

3. Speak Truth.
जवाब:
सत्यं वद ।

4. Warrior protects the country.
जवाब:
सैनिक: देशं रक्षति ।

5. Paining others is the demerit.
जवाब:
पापाय परपीडनम् ।

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 6 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 6 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) In thought, in talk, in action, I think you will find that you can separate life into these two divisions-the
dark side and the bright side, the discouraging side and the encouraging side.
b) A voice shouting ‘Relax’ penetrated into me above the noise of the crowd.
c) This was only to lighten my over – burdened heart.
Answer:
a) Introduction : This sentence is taken from the prose piece, “Two Sides of Life”, penned by Booker T Washington. This is a speech extracted from his popular book, Character Building.

Context & Explanation : While analyzing a number of divisions in human life, he finds two most important ones which are significant. They are the dark side of life and the bright side of life or the discouraging side and the encouraging side. These two are found in thought, in talk and in action of a person.

Critical Comment : Here, Booker T Washington discusses two sides – the bright, the dark of life though many more divisions are possible.

b) Introduction : This sentence is taken from Roger Bannister’s inspi-rational essay ‘The First Four Minutes’. It is his personal experience.

Context & Explanation : Bannister looked at the flag as he lined up for the start. The flag swayed gently. The race Started. He understood that he was going vefy slow. He himself shouted ‘Faster’. His worry increased when he heard the first lap time 57.5 seconds. In that excitement his knowledge of pace had deserted him. At one and a half laps he was still worrying about the pace. Then a voice shouting “Relax” penetrated into him above the noise of the crowd. He followed it and started relaxing. There was no pain and stress. Later, he came to know that it was his coach ‘Stampfl’s advice.

Critical Comment : Dr. Roger Bannister narrates his glorious moments and second to second experience while running for the goal of one mile race.

c) Introduction: This sentence is taken from the prose piece, Father, Dear Father written by Raj Kinger. Actually this is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

Context & Explanation : This letter ends up with a postscript. Postscript is an addition to a letter, written after the writer’s name has been signed. It shows Rahul’s feelings and speaks out his heart. He feels that his father will not see his anguished plea, and he doesn’t understand his over-burdened heart. Therefore, it is to lighten his heart-rending condition.

Critical Comment : Here, Rahul writes the postscript to lighten his over-burdened heart.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) And then one Sunday afternoon I wondered out along the Desplaines river.
b) Have you seen a beggar at your threshold with severed hands ?
Brother, he is my farmer !
c) Rest if you must – but don’t you quit.
Answer:
a) Introduction : This line is taken from the simple poem, ‘Happiness’ written by Carl Sandburg a famous American poet. It is from his collection of poems, Chicago Songs.

Context & Explanation : The narrator enquires many professors and the top executives to know what happiness is. But, they are unable to answer it. At last, one Sunday afternoon he wanders along the Desplaines river. He sees a group of Hungarians with women and children under a tree. They are spending happy moments under the tree. He at once understands what happiness is.
One should live in the present in order to enjoy the life. Wisdom lives in lives but in libraries.

Critical Comment : It depicts the narrator’s experience in finding out what happiness is …

b) Introduction : These are the concluding lines of the poignant poem ‘The Beggar’ penned by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal, a popular Telugu poet. He has written it in Telugu as Bichchagadu. Later, it is translated into English by Elanaaga as The Beggar.

Context & Explanation : The poet describes the struggles and sufferings of the farmers. They are capable of feeding millions, but . those millions are not including farmers in them. Food providing farmers are forced to become food – seeking beggars. Farmers struggling to survive. They are suffering from lack of food. They are at thresholds for food. So, the poet tells the reader that the man who is at his threshold is none other than the farmer. The poet talks about the farmer as ‘My Farmer’. The reader is forced to understand and sympathise with farmers. He questions the reader, to make reader to think about the problem.

Critical Comment : These lines are descibes present pathetic condition of the farmers.

c) Introduction: This wonderful line of valuable advice is taken from the poem, keep going penned by Edgar Albert Guest. He is very popular as people’s poet. This poem is universally acknowledged as one of the best inspirational poems.

Context & Explanation : This simple sounding poem speaks volumes about the need to keep going, despite hurdles in life. Troubles may come and stay. But, one shouldn’t lose the fighting spirit. Samples of types of problems are presented first. They could be money-related, health-related or of some other kind. If the pressure over weighs, one may take rest. But, one should never quit.

Critical Comment : The poet keeps on advising the reader never give up.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each 2 × 4 = 8M
a) ” …………………. So that I’m getting double rent for my room, and neither of my lodgers is any the wiser for it” says Mrs. Bouncer. Is she right in her estimate of her lodgers ? Support your answer with details.
b) Why did Thimmakka and her husband decide to plant trees ? Describe how they tried to succeed in their decision ?
c) How did Roger Bannister feel in the first lap of the race ?
Answer:
a) John Maddison is an English playwright. H one-act farce. It is hilarious. It has just three characters. Mrs. Bouncer is a greedy landlady. She rents out her room to two persons at the same time. The tenants, Box and Cox do not know it It shows her greediness.

She boasts of her capital idea. She feels that neither of her lodgers finds it. Even though she feels like that she is always in tremble of fear. Initially, she may succeed in deceiving them for a while we can observe it when she gives various excuses when they suspect something is wrong. In order to escape from their doubts, she gets busy to put things out of their notice. That is why they fail to know her deceptive nature. Later, they come to know her deceitful dealings. Thus, her estimate of her lodgers is not completely right.

b) This inspiring essay describes Thimmakka’s undying passion for planting trees even at an advanced age. It also insists the need to follow her selfless service in preserving and protecting nature.

Thimmakka was a poor and uneducated woman. She was married to Chikkayya. The couple didn’t get children. However, her husband ‘ was very supportive of her. With nothing in life to be cherish, Thimmakka thought of ending her life. Then, wisdom dawned. They decided to plant trees and nurture them as their children. They planted 10 banyan saplings in the first year soon it became their life mission. Year after year the number increased. They not only planted them but tended them to maturity. They also fenced and guarded them. Now there exist around 8000 other trees planted by them.

c) Bannister narrates his eventual victory of the race in the essay. During the first lap of the race, Bannister looked at the flag as he lined up for the start. The flag fluttered gently as the sails moved gently in Bernard Shaw’s Saint Joan. He felt complete silence on the ground. When the gun fired for the second time, Brasher went into the lead and he slipped in behind him.

It seemed his legs lost control of himself. He understood that he was going very slow. He himself shouted ‘Faster’. His worry increased when he heard the first lap time 57.5 seconds. In that excitement his knowledge of pace had deserted him. However, he could succeed.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Why is love compared to a Red Red Rose ?
b) Explain with example of the Lily that size matters not but beauty counts a lot.
c) Explain the narrator’s experience in finding out what happiness is.
Answer:
a) The poem, ‘A Red Red Rose’ is written by Robert Burns. He is one of the leading voices of Scotland in English literature. The present poem pictures his love for his beloved. His love is as beautiful as a fresh rose that has just bloomed in June. It is fresh and bursting with life. Here love is compared to a red rose because red rose has been an ancient symbol of love in almost all cultures. In this case, rose is newly spring in June. So, we can understand that his love is always at the starting point. Robert uses his rose with the meaning that it is very strong and passionate. It shows how strong is the speaker’s feeling.

b) Ben Jonson, in the poem, The Noble Nalture talks about what makes a man noble. He compares man to a sturdy Oak and to a delicate Lily in order to explain this point. The Lily plant has a short life. It blooms in May and is very beautiful. Although, the flower has the span of a day and dies by nightfall it spreads beauty and delight in that short period the poet feels that a meaningful life like the Lily flower, though short, is what makes a man noble and even though a man’s life is short it can be perfect life. People will continue to talk good about him even after he is gone. This is what actually makes a man noble, thus, beauty counts a lot.

c) The poem ‘Happiness’ is written by Carl Sandburg. It conveys a beautiful message. It is extracted from his collection of poems. Chicago songs. The poem is an expression of the narrator’s search for the meaning of happiness and his ultimate realization.

The narrator seeks to know what happiness is. He enquires with many professors but in vain. Even, the top executives are consulted, but to no avail. One Sunday afternoon, he wanders along a river. There, he sees a group of Hungarians with their women and children under the trees. They are spending happy moments there. He at once understands what happiness is. Happiness is living in the present. It is not wealth or success or fame.

Question 5.
Answer ANYTWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) They realized that the lack of unity had been the cause for their plight. What followed this realisation ? How did it help the people of Ramasagaram ?
b) Describe the role of the American naturalist in the short story, “The Dinner Party”.
c) “The years have taught you wisdom…. surely it must be so”, remarked the fairy. Is she right ? Explain.
Answer:
a) “Sanghala Panthulu”, a social story by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy, presents us valuable life lessons. Its English translation by Elanaaga (Dr. N. Surendra) impresses the readers. The story describes the problems the villagers faced. Then it analyses the reasons. And finally it offers a practicable solution. So, the crisis was resolved. The police were the exploiters. Ramasagaram villagers were the victims. The causes were the lack of unity among them, their timidity, ignorance, etc. With the help of Sanghala Panthulu, the villagers understood the problem. They stood united. They formed themselves into associations. They proved their strength and courage. Their problems ended. Joy pervaded the village. Celebrations started.

b) Mona Gardner’s short story “The Dinner Party” offers us an interesting reading. It highlights women’s nerve control. The American naturalist is a special guest at the dinner party. All others are government officials or military personnel. Others are involved in a discussion. He alone stays silent and observes others keenly. He notices strange changes in the features on the face of the hostess. He watches a servant placing a bowl of milk in the veranda. He understands there is a snake. He thinks fast. He plans a strategy. It works out. He manages to make all the guests stay cool and calm till the snake creeps out. When the host appreciates his nerve control, he proves that it is the Hostess who has real nerve control.

c) The short story “The Five Boons of Life” is a bundle of boons in learning. Mark Twain shows us how difficult it is to select from among options. The story also exposes the deceptive nature of appearances. The fairy presents to the youth her five boons. They are : “Fame, Loye, Riches, Pleasures and Death”. She asks him to be careful in his selection. She adds that only one of them is valuable. The youth falters and chooses ‘Pleasures’. He regrets his choice. Then he opts for ‘Love’. He feels sad about his wrong decision. Then, the fairy says that years must have taught him wisdom. Yes, experience is the best teacher. But the youth stays a bad learner. So, he hasn’t picked up any wisdom.

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
“Bravo, Alan,” he said, patting his little son on the back. “But, Daddy,” began Alan. But his father interrupted him. “It’s all right, old man,” he said. “You see, 1 came up behind that policeman and he told me what had happened. So I knew you were playing the game although it wasn’t on the cricket pitch. So I went back into the High Street and bought the bicycle I promised you. It’s a beauty. And, Alan, we’re proud of you, your Mother and I.”
Revision Test – I

Questions:
i) Who is the writer of the story from which this passage is taken ?
ii) Why did Alan’s father pat on his back ?
iii) How did Alan’s father come to know what had happened ?
iv) I came up behind that policeman. Did Alan’s father go to the spot where Alan helped the old man ?
v) Alans’ father says,” ……………… although it wasn’t on the cricket pitch.”
Where did Alan play the game ?
vi) Why did Alan’s father buy the bicycle ?
Answer:
i) Arthur Henry Mee
ii) to encourage and to appreciate what Alan had done
iii) through the policeman behind whom Alan’s father came
iv) Yes.
v) in the real world-in life-on the meadow.
vi) to support and appreciate Alan’s service activities.

Question 7.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
WOMEN at CENTRE-WELFARE in PROGRESS
A woman is a full circle. Within her is the power to create, nurture and transform, goes a glorious compliment, highlighting woman’s power. Then, if many women are at the helm of a village, can you imagine the degree of transformation ? A lively example is unfolding itself at Madhavaram village of Suryapet district. With the initiative from the sons of the soil like Sri Koti Reddy, Superintendent of Police, Ram Sudheer, School Assistant (Teacher), the entire village Panchayat was unanimously occupied by an all-women team.

Besides, women’s committees were formed for each important village development activity like education, health, drinking water and sanitation. Ms Vijayalakshmi, Sarpanch and Ms Janakamma, Vice-Sarpanch were all smiles when asked about their achievements in a short span of time. The long list includes a library, purified water, a gymnasium, English Medium Sections in ZP School, greenery etc. Their honesty in admitting that their move towards prohibition of liquor still awaits results stuns everyone. The village serves as a model, showcasing women’s power.

Questions:
i) Frailty, thy name is woman, says Shakespeare. But, what does this passage say in this regard ? (Frailty means weakness.)
ii) Mention the unique feature of Madhavaram’s present panchayat.
iii) What do other all-women committees have for their function ?
iv) Why were the Sarpanch and Vice-Sarpanch all smiles ?
v) Which particular area still awaits satisfactory progress ?
vi) What does the village seek to showcase ?
Answer:
i) power, thy name is woman.
ii) It is occupied by an all-women team.
iii) education, health, drinking water, sanitation, etc.
iv) as they recorded many achievements in a short span of time
v) the prohibition of liquor
vi) women’s power

Section – C

[Note : Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column – A with their meanings in Column – B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
Two Sides of Life; Revision Test – I

Column A	Column B
i) dwell upon	a) repeatedly, all time
ii) consideration	b) very unhappy or uncomfortable
iii) excellence	c) depressed, nervous
iv) frankness	d) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth
v) charming	e) the act of thinking process
vi) miserable	f) slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant
vii) constantly	g) openness, truthfulness
viii) damp	h) to think or talk a lot about something
ix) atmosphere	i) very pleasant or attractive
x) moody	j) superiority, distinction

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) dwell upon	h) to think or talk a lot about something
ii) consideration	e) the act of thinking process
iii) excellence	j) superiority, distinction
iv) frankness	g) openness, truthfulness
v) charming	i) very pleasant or attractive
vi) miserable	b) very unhappy or uncomfortable
vii) constantly	a) repeatedly, all time
viii) damp	f) slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant
ix) atmosphere	d) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth
x) moody	c) depressed, nervous

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
3. Although (1) Thimmakka did not receive (2) formal (3) education, her (4) work (5) has been honoured (6) with (7) the National (8) Citizen’s Award (9) of (10) India.
Answer:
1) although – conjunction
2) receive – verb
3) formal – adjective
4) her – possessive pronoun (adjective)
5) work – noun
6) honoured – verb
7) with – preposition
8) national adjective
9) award – noun
10) of – preposition

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. I can’t play ……………….. piano.
2. You are ……………….. first person to arrive here.
3. Our swimming costumes were dry, but ……………….. children’s weren’t.
4. They live in ……………….. old house.
5. Rajesh is ……………….. enterprising businessman.
6. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait at ……………….. airport for three hours.
7. ……………….. idea can change your life.
8 more you learn, ……………….. more you benefit.
9. Mukesh Ambani is ……………….. Bill Gates of India.
10. Is there ……………….. AC theatre in your town ?
Answer:
1) the
2) the
3) the
4) an
5) an
6) the
7) an
8) The, the
9) the
10) an

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. My grandson is fond ……………….. chocolates.
2. My friend lives ……………….. Delhi.
3. The apples cost ……………….. Rs. 100/- a Kg.
4. 1 agree ……………….. you, cent percent.
5. Can you translate this ……………….. English ……………….. Telugu ?
6. There is something extraordinary ……………….. Kohli.
7. Sheela is a nurse. She cares ……………….. the elderly.
8. Srikanth has gone away. He will be away ……………….. Monday.
9. The five thieves shared the stolen money ……………….. themselves.
10. The train started exactly ……………….. 6 o’ clock.
Answer:
1) of
2) in
3) × (no preposition)
4) with
5) from, to / into
6) about
7) for
8) till
9) among
10) at

Question 12.
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. The unpire ……………….. (resolve) the controversy within a few minutes.
2. At this point of time tomorrow the children ……………….. (watch) a cartoon film.
3. ……………….. you ……………….. (solve) all these problems by next week ?
4. If we follow A.P.J. Kalam’s advice, India ……………….. soon ……………….. (become) a superpower.
Answer:
1) will resolve
2) will be watching
3) will, have solved
4) will, become

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) Switch off the lights.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.)
ii) Traffic rules should be followed.
(Change the sentence to active voice.)
iii) A classmate said to me, “Is your father a businessman ?”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
iv) Bus journey is not as comfortable as train journey.
(Change the sentence to comparative degree
v) “You like fast food, ……………….. ?
(Add an appropriate question tag)
vi) It belongs to both of you, ……………… ?
(Add an appropriate question tag)
Answer:
i) Let the lights be switched off.
ii) One (We) should follow traffic rules.
iii) A classmate asked me if my father was a businessman.
iv) Train journey is more comfortable than bus journey.
v) don’t you
vi) doesn’t it

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. There are no less than ten employed persons in their village.
2. He and me are brothers.
3. As there are only few students, I can interact with them easily.
4. My all friends are very active.
5. Gandhi is more truthful than any political leader.
6. This is taller than many buildings in Hyderabad.
Answer:
1. There are no fewer than ten employed persons in their village.
2. He and I are brothers.
3. As there are only a few students, I can interact with them easily.
4. All my friends are very active.
5. Gandhi is more truthful than any other political leader.
6. This is taller than many other buildings in Hyderabad.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) g_ _de
ii) ma_ _er
iii) mar_ _es
iv) fi_ _ing
v) ye_ _ow
vi) h_ _lthy
vii) sq_ _re
viii) lau_ _ed
ix) su_ _ect
x) hi_ _ly
Answer:
i) guide
ii) manner/matter/master/madder/mapper
iii) marbles/marches
iv) fibbing
v) yellow
vi) healthy
vii) square
viii) laughed
ix) suspect
x) highly

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) lodge
ii) castle
iii) feign
iv) laugh
v) debut
vi) malign
vii) talk
viii) psyche
ix) lighten
x) muscle
Answer:
i) lodge – d
ii) castle – t
iii) feign – g
iv) laugh – …
v) debut – t
vi) malign – g
viii) talk – l
viii) psyche – p
ix) lighten – gh
x) muscle – c

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) education
ii) husband
iii) pension
iv) recently
v) mountain
vi) close

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) cheap chain chaos
ii) organ order owl
iii) huge honour hungry
iv) public pure tube
v) yell money many
vi) listen after taken
Answer:
i) choas
ii) owl
iii) honour
iv) public
v) yell
vi) listen

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) understand
ii) decision
iii) shout
iv) supremely
v) encouragement
vi) flashlight
Answer:
i) 3 – trisyllabic
ii) 3 – trisyllabic
iii) 1 – monosyllabic
iv) 3 – trisyllabic
v) 4 – polysyllabic
vi) 2 – disyllabic

Question 20.
a) Study the following tree diagram and write it in a paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

(OR)
b) Convert the following paragraph into a flow chart.
Silver occurs in the ores of several metals. The frothing process of extracting silver accounts for about 75% of all silver recovered. Here the ore is ground to a powder, placed in large vats containing a water suspension of frothing agents, and thoroughly agitated by air jets. Depending on the agents used, either the silver-bearing ore or the gangue adhering to the bubbles of the foam is skimmed off and washed. The final refining is done using electrolysis.
Answer:

Types of Oils

a) The given tree diagram explains the types of oils. Based on the source, oils are of three categories. They are : 1) Oils from nuts, 2) Oils from vegetation (plants / flowers) and 3) Oils from minerals. Examples are 1) groundnut oil, 2) oils from flowers and 3) oils from the crust of the earth. Groundnut oil is used in cooking. Oils from flowers go into the making of soap, medicines and perfumes (scents). Mineral oil fuels machines and automobiles.
(OR)

Self-assessment with TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Papers Set 2 allows students to take charge of their own learning.

TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Model Paper Set 2 with Solutions

Time : 3 Hours
Max Marks : 100

सूचना : प्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयप्रश्नान् विहाय सर्वे प्रश्नाः संस्कृतभाषायैव समाधातव्याः ।
Note : Except Q. Nos. 1,2 & 3 all other questions should be answered in Sanskrit (Devanagari Script) only.

सूचना : प्रथमद्वितीयतृतीयप्रश्नान् विहाय सर्वे प्रश्नाः संस्कृतभाषायैव समाधातव्याः ।
Note : Except Q. Nos. 1,2 & 3 all other questions should be answered in Sanskrit (Devanagari Script) only.

I. एकं श्लोकं पूरयित्वा तस्य भावं लिखत | (1 × 6 = 6)

1. अज्ञः सुखमाराध्यः ……………….. रञ्जयति ।
जवाब:
अज्ञः सुखमाराध्यः सुखतरमाराध्यते विशेषज्ञः ।
ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रज्जयति ॥

Substance: An ignorant person can be pleased easily. A wise person can be pleased more easily. But, even the creator cannot please one, who is proud with a little bit of knowledge.

2. दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यो ……………….. भयङ्करः ॥
जवाब:
दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यो विद्ययाऽलंकृतोऽपि सन् ।
मणिनालंकृतः सर्पः किमसौ न भयङ्करः ॥

Substance: A wicked person, even though adorned with education, should be avoided. Is not a serpent terrible even though bedecked with a jewel ?

II. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्ता । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. ग्राहग्रस्तं गुरुम् अर्जुनः कथम् अरक्षत् ? गुरुः तस्मै किम् अदात् ?
How did Arjuna save his teacher caught by the alligator? What did the teacher give him?
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson is an extract from the 126th chapter of the Adiparva of the Mahabharata written by Veda Vyasa. The lesson narrates Drona’s testing the shooting skills of his disciples.

The artificial bird: Drona wanted to test the archery skill of his disciples. He arranged an artificial bird on the top of a tree as the target. He asked his disciples to stand with their bows drawn aiming at the bird.

Drona’s Questions: Drona first went to Yudhisthira. He asked him whether he saw the bird. Yudhishthira replied in affirmative. Then Drona again asked him whether he saw the tree, his brothers and himself. Yudhishthira again answered in affirmative. Drona was dissatisfied and told Yudhishthira that he could not hit the target, and asked him to go back.

Then he put the same question to Duryodhana and his brothers. Later he asked Bhima and others, and the princes from other kingdoms. When all of them said that they saw everything, he reproached them.

Arjuna’s reply: Later Drona told Arjuna that he should hit the target. प्रहर्तव्यम् एतल्लक्ष्यं निशम्यताम् | He asked him to draw his bow and wait for his word.

Arjuna stood drawing his bow in a circular fashion. When Drona asked him, Arjuna said that he saw the bird only. The pleased Drona again asked him to describe the bird. But, Arjuna answered. “I see the head of the bird only, and not its body.”: पश्यामि भासस्य न गात्रम् ।

At Drona’s word, Arjuna released the arrow and felled the head of the bird. Drona embraced him with happiness. तस्मिन्कर्मणि संसिद्धे पर्यष्वजत फल्गुणम् । Drona caught by crocodile: Later, after some days, Drona went to the Ganga to take bath, along with his disciples. While Drona was taking bath, a crocodile caught him. Drona asked his disciples to kill it, and save himg g M&TED #14 | Arjuna shot five arrows at it, and killed it.

The powerful astra: Drona then gave Arjuna the astra named Brahmasiras. He said that it should not be used against humans. It will burn the worlds if used against persons of low energy. जगद्विनिर्दहेदेतत् अल्पतेजसि पातितम् | There was nothing equal to it in the world. It could be used against any non-human enemy in a battle. Arjuna promised him that he would use it wisely. Drona blessed Arjuna saying, “There will be no other archer like you in this world ever.”

2. नारदतुम्बुरौ उभयोः तारतम्यं कथं ज्ञातवन्तौ ?
How did Narada and Tumbura find out their comparative difference?
जवाब:
Introduction: The lesson was written by Sri Sannidhanam Suryanarayana Sastry. It is taken from his work Poornapatram. Sri Sastry was a great scholar in Sanskrit literature and Grammar. He authored more than 45 books in Telugu and Sanskrit.

Rivalry of the Divine singers : Once rivalry ensued between the celestial singers Narada and Tumbura regarding their relative merits in singing. It was fueled by others who took sides. The singers considered each other as a blade of grass and particle of dust. Each waited for an opportunity to insult others. id udled al पराभवितुं मिथः ।

Helplessness of Brahma and Vishnu : Narada and Tumbura went to Brahma, and asked him to judge their singing merits. Brahma said that as Narada was his son, Tumbura might consider him partial. He directed them to Vishnu. adì faşıų Ħi गत्वा वैकुण्ठं पृच्छतं युवाम् When they went to Vaikuntha, Vishnu also said that as Narada was his devotee ज्ञातं ते खलु मुख्योऽयं भक्तेषु मम नारद: he would be considered partial. He directed them to Hanuman, who was a devotee of Rama, and a great singer.

Melting of the rocks: Narada and Tumbura went to Anjaneya, who was in meditation in the Himalayas. Hanuman asked them to sit on the rock slabs,and started to sing hymns of praise. As a result of his sweet singing, stumps started to sprout, and rocks melted.स्थाणवोऽङ्कुरिता येन प्रद्रुता अभवन् शिला: The two sages sitting on rockseats were caught in the melted rock slush. When Hanuman finished his singing, the rocks solidified again. Narada and Tumbura were stuck in their rock seats.

The singing of Narada and Tumbura : The two exerted to extricate themselves out. Hanuman asked them to sing as they came for judgement from him. Tumbura played on the lute for a long time. The rock seats stayed solid only. After he stopped, Narada started to sing. The rock slabs became little soft loosening their tightness. Even after he sang for a long time, nothing more happened.

The singing of Hanuman : Hanuman took pity on them. He started to sing sweetly continuing the song left unfinished by Narada. The rocks melted. The delighted sages came out of the slush. They bowed to Hanuman. Having lost their pride, they went away. Narada’s greatness over Tumbura was like that of squint eye over a blind eye. He also felt ashamed.

III. एकं निबन्धप्रश्नं समाधत्त । (1 × 6 = 6)

1. कीर्तिसेनायाः बुद्धिबलं मनोधैर्यञ्च उद्दिश्य पाठ्यांशानुगुणं विवृणुत ।
जवाब:
The story ‘वीरवनिता कीर्तिसेना” was taken from “संस्कृत गद्यावलि ” which was writ- ten by Sri. P.V. Kane.

In the city Pataliputra a merchant named Dhanapalitha had a daughter Keerthisena. He made the wedding of his daughter with the merchant Devasena. Even though, Keer-thisena was looked after carefully by her husband. She was tortured by her cruel mother-in-law. After some days, Devasena went abroad to earn more money. When Devasena left the house, his mother had started to tor- ture her daughter-in-law Keerthisena in so many ways. Finally she planned to kill Keerthisena.

But, Keerthisena with her bravery escaped from that and reached a forest. There she encountered the thieves gang. With fear, she was hidden behind a tree. At mid-night, Keer-thisena saw a vampire with its kids. The kids were very hungry and asked it for food. The vampired gave assurance for the food with the death of the king Vasudatta. By hearding the news the kids were very happy and they had a doubt, how could the kind survive? The vampire replied and cleared the doubt of its children by telling the remdiy for survival of the king and left from that place.

After listening all that, Keerthisena the next day went to meet the king and met the king. Keerthisena did as the vampire said and made him healthy. For doing this the king offered the kingdom of his own for Keerthisena. But she refused and said, “After some time I will ask you for what ever I want. Then, you can give me.” For some days she stayed in the kingdom itself.

After some days, Devasena returned to his city the money he earned. Keerthisena felt very happy to meet her husband after many days. Devasena was very anxious to know the reason behind Keerthisena’s dressing as doctor. He praised his wife for what she had done. The king also told that Keerthisena is my sister gifted by God and happily gifted the couple with half of his kingdom. In this way her brav- ery, intilligence Keerthisena over came her mother-in-law’s torture and lived hap- pily.

2. पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः इति पाठ्यांशस्य सारं लिखत ।
जवाब:
The present story ” पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः ” was taken from the book “साहित्य सुधा” which was written by charudeva Sastry.

Once upon a time the king Dasaratha of Surya vamsa went to forest alone to know the goods and bads of the saints. At that time he heard something being dipped into river. He thought it was an elephant and immediately shot an arrow in the direction of that sound.

There after he heard some person’s loud voice with the words “O’Father! O’ Mother”. by listening these words the king realised that he aimed a human not an elephant. Immediately the king reached that human and asked all the details of him and for which purpose that person is here.

He said “My name is Sravana. I came here to get water for my parents who were very thirsty. You shot me with your arrow without any reason. With this I am going to die. But I am thinking about my parents who are old, blind also. They are wait- ing for return of mine and for water.

So, you go to him without late, tell him what had happened and console them and let me die with this arrow in my body. Then Dasaradha takes out the arrow from Sravana’s body and immediately after that Sravana passed away.

The king Dasaradha realised what he did. He started hating himself and was afraid that the parents would curse him. With these thoughts he went to the blind couple’s place. Hearing the sound of his feet Sravana’s father asked why he was late and where was the water.

With this Dasaradha shamefully with shivering voice replied “O” saints! I am not Sravana. I am the sinful person who killed your son Dasaradha, the king of Ayodhya”. And also told the reason behind the killing of the saint’s son. Eventhough Dasaradha tried to console them in so many ways, nothing worked. Then, king took them to the place where Sravana died. After reaching that place they cried breathlessly for a very long time and became unconscious.

After sometime they regained their consciousness and realised that their son was died. Then they cursed the king Dasaradha “You killed our only son. You will also die from sadness caused by your son without any reason.” After cursing they also died there.

Then the king placed a pyre for them and sent to heaven. But, the curse given by Sravana’s father was remained in his heart forever. When Rama was going to forest he remembered all of it again. He died of the sadness that Rama was leaving him. The curse was gotten real.

IV. चतुर्णां प्रश्नानां समाधानानि लिखत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. हीरालाले परिवर्तने आगते सः किमकरोत् ?
जवाब:
हीरालाले परिवर्तने आगते सः आलस्यं परित्यज्य प्रजानां हितकर्मणि आत्मानं नियोजितवान् ।

2. सर्वे भ्रातरः मात्रा कथिते विषये विश्वसं कृत्वा किं चिन्तितवन्तः ?
जवाब:
सर्वे भ्रातरः विश्वसितवन्तः, चिन्तितवन्तः च एतादृश्यः अन्याः अपि पेटिकाः भूमे अन्तः तया निक्षिप्ताः स्युः इति ।

3. कुण्डिनपत्तने धनपालकः नाम श्रेष्ठी किं करोति ?
जवाब:
कुण्डिनपत्तने धनपालको नाम श्रेष्ठी आत्मानम् आश्रितवद्भ्यः वृद्धिं विना मूलधनं दत्वा तान् वाणिज्ये व्यापारयतीति साहायं करोतिस्म ।

4. संन्यासिनः कथनस्य आशयम् अवगत्य राजा तं नमस्कृत्य किं प्रार्थितवान् ?
जवाब:
महात्मन् मम कार्यस्य अशाश्वतता अवगता मया । इतः परं मया किं करणीयम् इति उपदिश्यतां कृपया इति प्रार्थितवान् ।

5. संजीवस्य पिता किमभिधाय राजीवम् अभ्यनन्दत् ?
जवाब:
साधु वत्स! साधु! ईदृशा एव प्रशस्याः । अस्माकं देशे यदा सर्वे जनाः ईदृशाः भविष्यन्ति, तदा राष्ट्रोन्नतिः सुनिश्चिता’ इत्यभिधाय परं प्रीतः सन् पुनः पुनः तमभ्यनन्दत् ।

6. आब्दुल कलामेन कृताम् वैज्ञानिकीम् अभिवृद्धं विशदीकुरुत |
जवाब:
अब्दुल कलामः पृथ्वी, आकाश, त्रिशूल, नाग इत्यादीनां प्रक्षेपास्त्रणां प्रयोगेन भारतस्य वैज्ञानिक- शास्त्रवैदूष्यं समस्तविश्वाय दर्शितवान् ।

7. संजीवः कुत्र निवसति ? विद्यालयं च सः कथमागच्छति ?
जवाब:
संजीवः समृद्धे सुविधासम्पन्ने रमणीये च प्रासादे निवसति, पत्थहं भृत्येन सह वाहनेन विद्यालयागच्छते ।

8. अब्दुल् कलामः कैः पुरस्कारैः सम्मानितः ?
जवाब:
अब्दुल कलामः पद्मभूषण, पद्मविभूषण, भारतरत्न इत्यादि पुरस्कारैः सम्मानितः ।

V. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भं व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. रक्षसां निहतान्यासन् सहस्राणि चतुर्दश ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं महर्षि वाल्मीकिना विरचितात् श्रीमद्रामायणे बालकाण्डात् प्रथमसर्गात् रामो विग्रहवान धर्मः इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – दण्डकारण्ये रामेण कृता राक्षसवधा कविना अत्र वर्णिता ।
भावः – रामः दण्डकारण्ये निवसन्तां चतुर्दश सहस्र संख्याकान् राक्षसान् मारितः ।

2. ग्राहं हत्वा मोक्षयध्वं माम् ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् महाभारत ग्रन्थात् लक्ष्यशुद्धिः इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – गंगाया मकरेण गृहीतः द्रोणः शिष्यान् वाक्यमिदं जगाद ।
भावः – मकरं हत्वा मां तस्मात् मोचेत ।

3. जलमाविश्य तं हत्वा नापश्यदुदरेऽर्भकम् ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं वेदव्यासेन विरचितात् श्रीमहाभागवत पुराणात् श्रीकृष्णस्य गुरुदक्षिणा इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भ: – बलरामकृष्णाभयां पंचजनो हतः । इति कविः वर्णयति ।
भावः – गुरुदक्षिणा प्रदानार्थं गतौ रामकृष्णौ समुद्रेणोक्तौ जले प्रविश्य पंचजननामकं राक्षसं हत्वापि तस्य उदरे बालकं न अपश्यताम् ।

4. स्थाणवोऽङ्कुरिता येन प्रद्रुता अभवन् शिलाः ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं श्री सन्निधानं सूर्यनारायण शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् पूर्णपात्रम् इति पुस्तकात् “गानपरीक्षा” इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – कविः हनुमतः गान माधुर्यं वर्णयति ।
`भावः – हनुमत गान श्रवणेन तुम्बुर-नारद अधिष्ठितयोः शिलासनयोः शिलाखंडाः जातांकुराः । तैः शिलाः द्रवीभूता आसन् ।

VI. द्वयोः ससन्दर्भ व्याख्यां लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. एवंकृते देवमनुष्ययोः को विशेषः भवेत्, जगतः स्थितिः स्थगितो भवेत् ।
जवाब:
परिचयः – वाक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृत गद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थांत् ‘दलायुः दानशीलः नागार्जुनः’ इति पाठात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – मन्त्री नागार्जुनेन कृतं ज्ञात्या इन्द्रः तं प्रति स्वसन्देशं एवं प्रषितवान् ।
अर्थः- यदि त्वया अमृतं साधितं तदा सुराणां मर्त्यानां मध्ये अन्तरं न भवति, अपि च लोकस्य प्रत्यहं कर्म न प्रचलति ।

2. अयं ते बाष्पमोक्षस्तव पितुः कृतेऽस्तु मम पुत्रश्चिरं जीवत्विति ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वक्यमिदं पि.वि. काणे पण्डितेन विरचितात् संस्कृतगद्यावलिः इति ग्रन्थात् ‘वीरवनिता कीर्तिसेना’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – कीर्तिसेनायाः श्वश्रूः तां प्रति कोपं प्रदर्शयन् एवं अवदत् ।
भावः – एषु अश्रूणि तव पितरं प्रति मुञ्चन्तु यतः मम पुत्रः सजीवं अस्ति ।

3. पुत्रशोकेन कालं करिष्यसि ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचयः – वाक्यमिदं चारुदेवशास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘साहित्यसुधा’ इति ग्रन्थे ‘पितृसेवापरः श्रवणकुमारः’ इति पाठात् गृहीतम् ।
सन्दर्भ: – दशरथेन आश्वासितः तपस्वी श्रवणस्यपिता तं प्रति एवं जगाद ।
भावः- पुत्रवियोगन यथा अहं दुःखितः अभवम् तथैव त्वमपि मरणं बाधां अनुभवतु ।

4. सत्यं दयालुरेवासि ।
जवाब:
कविपरिचय:- वाक्यमिदं के. एल. वी. शास्त्रिणा विरचितात् ‘संस्कृ-ततृतीयादर्श:’ इत्यस्मात् ग्रन्थात् ‘शरणागतरक्षणम’ इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम् ।
सन्दर्भः – इन्द्राग्नौ शिबेः त्यागं प्रशशंसन वाक्यमिदं शिबिं ऊचतुः ।
भावः – राजन् ! त्वं अतीव दयावान् असि, अतीव दयावान् असि, इदं सत्यम् ।

VII. द्वौ प्रश्नौ समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. धीराणां स्वभावः कीदृश: ?
जवाब:
धीराः स्वैः आरब्धं कर्म पर्वत सन्निभान क्लेशान अपि अवतीर्य साधयति, कदारि न विरमति । एतदेव धीराणां स्वभावः ।

2. महीपतिः दशरथः किं कर्तुं ऐच्छत् ?
जवाब:
महीपतिः दशरथः श्रेष्ठगुणैः युक्तं, ज्येष्ठं पुत्रं रामं प्रीत्या यौवराज्येन संयोक्तुम ऐच्छत् ।

3. नारदतुम्बुरयोः कथां श्रुत्वा हनुमान् किमभाषत ?
जवाब:
नारदतुम्बुरयोः कथां श्रुत्वा हनुमान् “उभौ शिलासने उपविष्टताम्, अहं राघवाय नीराजनं समर्पयामि ” इति अभाषत ।

4. मनसः रसायनानि कानि ?
जवाब:
अम्बायाः मधुराणि दृशः हि मनसः रसायनानि ।

VIII. द्वौ प्रश्नौ समाधत्त । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. मन्त्री नागार्जुनः कीदृश: ? सः मर्त्यानां मृत्युशान्तये किं कर्तुमिच्छति स्म ?
जवाब:
मन्त्री नागार्जुनः दयालुः, दानशीलः, विज्ञानवान, सः मर्त्यानां मृत्युशान्तये तपोदानप्रभवतः द्रव्यौः अमृतं स्रष्टुम उपचक्रमे।

2. भगवता समुद्रः किमिति अभिहितः ?
जवाब:
भगवता समुद्रः “भोः दुरात्मन् ! दीयन्तां टिट्टिभाण्डानि । नोचेत् स्थलतां त्वं नयामि” इति अभिहितः ।

3. वृक्षेषु जीवतत्वं आविष्कर्तुं प्रयतमानः जगदीशः किमकरोत् ?
जवाब:
वृक्षेषु जीवतत्त्वम् आविष्कर्तुं प्रयतमानः जगदीशः जन्तूनां वृक्षाणां मध्ये च वर्तमानं धनिष्ठं सम्बन्धम एवं च जीवलक्षणसादृश्यं दर्शयितुं सूक्ष्मतमानि उपकरणानि निर्मितवान् ।

4. कपोतात् अन्यं वरं याचमानः श्येनः किमाह ?
जवाब:
कपोतात् अन्यं वरं याचमानः श्येनः “राजन ! यदि ईदृशः ते निश्चयः, तव शरीरस्य दक्षिणभागात् कपोतप्रमाणं मांसम् उत्कृत्य मह्यं देहि ” इति आह ।

IX. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. यदूत्तमौ कौ ?
जवाब:
कृष्णबलरामौ यदूत्तमौ ।

2. रामः कस्य शासनात् चित्रकूरे न्यवसत् ?
जवाब:
रामः भरद्वाजस्य शासनात् चित्रकूटे न्यवसत् ।

3. खलसज्जनानां मैत्री कीदृशी ?
जवाब:
खलसज्जनानां मैत्री छाया इव भवति ।

4. ब्रह्मशिरः नाम अस्त्रं लोकेषु कीदृशं निगद्यते ?
जवाब:
ब्रह्मशिरः नाम अस्त्रं लोकेषु असामान्यं निग़घते ।

5. का स्वल्पे जीवितकाले अनल्पं पुण्यमार्जितवती ?
जवाब:
जननी स्वल्पे जीवितकाले अनल्पं पुण्यमार्जितवती ।

X. एकेन वाक्येन समाधत्त । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. चिरायुः कं यौवराज्ये अभिषिक्तवान् ?
जवाब:
चिरायुः जीवहर स्वतनयं यौवराज्ये अभिविक्तवान् ।

2. टिट्टिभः कान् समाहूतवान् ?
जवाब:
टिट्टिभः बकसारसमयूरादीन् समाहूतवान् ।

3. बुभुक्षितः श्येनः किं अकरोत् ?
जवाब:
बुभुक्षितः श्येनः कपोतमेकं अन्वधावत् ।

4. दशरथस्य इषुणा कः हतः ?
जवाब:
दशरथस्य इषुणा तपस्वी श्रवणः हतः ।

5. क्रेस्कोग्राफ् नामकं यन्त्रं किं करोति ?
जवाब:
क्रेस्कोग्राफ नामकं यन्त्रं तरोः वृद्धौ अत्यन्तसूक्ष्मां अपि दशां दर्शयितुं समर्थं आसीत् ।

XI. संवित्परीक्षा | (5 × 1 = 5)

एकस्मिन् गृहे बहवः मूषिकाः आसन् । ते गृहे धान्यादीनि सर्वाणि खादित्वा तद्गृहस्वामिनः महतीं हानिं अकुर्वन् । तेन विषण्णः गृहस्वामी बिडालम् एकम् आनीतवान् । सः बिडालः च प्रत्यहं मूषिकानां
ग्रहणे खादने एव च लग्नः अभवत् । ते च मूषिकाः स्वजातेः संक्षयं दृष्ट्वा भीताः तस्य वधोपायं चिन्तयितुं महतीं सभाम् अकुर्वन् । दूरदूरात् आगताः माहन्तः मूषिकाः तस्य बिडालस्य वधोपायं अचिन्तयन् । कश्चन मूषिकयुवा असूचयत् । बिडालस्य गले एका घण्टा बध्यते चेत् वयं तस्य आगमनं ज्ञात्वा अप्रमत्ताः भवेम इति । तत् श्रुत्वा सर्वे हर्षेण निर्तितुम् आरभन्त । तदा कश्चित् वृद्धमूषिकः अग्रे आगत्य युष्मासु कः बिडालस्य गले घण्टां बद्धुं प्रभविष्यति इति अपृच्छत् । तत् श्रुत्वा सर्वे मूषिकाः निरुतराः अजायन्त ।
नीतिः जनः निरर्थकानि कार्याणि न कुर्यात् ।

1. बिडालः कस्मिन् लग्नः अभवत् ?
जवाब:
बिडालः प्रत्यहं मूषिकानां ग्रहमे खादने एव लग्नः अभवत् ।

2. के बिडालस्य वधोपायं अचिन्तयन् ?
जवाब:
मूषिकाः बिडालस्य वधोपायं अचिन्तयन् ।

3. मूषिक युवा किमिति असूचयत् ?
जवाब:
बिडालस्य गलें एका घण्टा बाध्यते चेत् वयं तस्य आगमनं ज्ञात्वा अप्रमत्ताः भवेम इति मूषिकयुवा असूचयत् ।

4. वृद्धमूषिकः किमिति अपृच्छत् ?
जवाब:
युष्मासु कः बिडालस्य गले घण्टां बद्धुं प्रभविष्यति इति वृद्धमूषिकः अपृच्छत् ।

5. अस्याः कथायाः का नीति ?
जवाब:
जनः निरर्यकानि कार्याणि न कुर्यात् । इति अस्याः कथायाः नीतिः ।

XII. चत्वारि सन्धिनामनिर्देशसहितं विघटयत । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. कपीश्वरः
2. ममोहः
3. तथैव
4. स्वागतम्
5. गुरवे
6. तावत्र
7. के sपि
8. धात्रंशः
जवाब:
1. कपीश्वरः = कपि + ईश्वरः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. ममोहः = मम + ऊहः (गुणसन्धिः)
3. तथैव = तथा + एव (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
4. स्वागतम् = सु + आगतम् (यणादेशसन्धिः)
5. गुरवे = गुरो + ए (अयवायावसन्धिः)
6. तावत्र = तौ + अत्र (अयवायावसन्धिः)
7. केऽपि = के + अपि (पूर्वरूपसन्धिः)
8. धात्रंशः = धातृ + अंश (यणादेशसन्धिः)

XIII. चत्वारि नामनिर्देशसहितं सन्धत्त । (4 × 2 = 8)

1. वाणी + ईशः
2. गङ्गा + ऊर्मिः
3. साधु + इति
4. मातृ + आज्ञा
5. नव + औषधम्
6. साधु + ऊचुः
7. हरे + ए
8. भानो + अत्र
जवाब:
1. वाणी + ईश: = वाणीशः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
2. गङ्गा + ऊर्मिः = गङ्गोर्मिः (गुणसन्धिः)
3. साधु + इति = साध्विति (यणादेशसन्धिः)
4. मातृ + आज्ञा = मात्राज्ञा (यणादेशसन्धिः)
5. नव + औषधम् = नवौषधम् (वृद्धिसन्धिः)
6. साधु + ऊचुः = साधूचुः (सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः)
7. हरे + ए = हरये (अयवायावसन्धिः)
8. भानो + अत्र = भानोऽत्र (पूर्वरूपसन्धिः)

XIV द्वयोः शब्दयो अन्त – लिङ्ग वचन निर्देशसहितं रूपाणि लिखत । (2 × 4 = 8)

1. धातृ
जवाब:

2. वधू
जवाब:

3. मधु
जवाब:

XV द्वयोः धात्वोः निर्दिष्टानि लकाररूपाणि लिखत । (2 × 3 = 6)

1. धाविष्यति
जवाब:

2. आसीत्
जवाब:

3. गच्छेत्
जवाब:

4. सेवताम्
जवाब:

XVI. संस्कृतभाषया अनुवदत । (5 × 1 = 5)

1. Tree protects when protected.
जवाब:
वृक्षो रक्षति रक्षितः ।

2. Speak truth.
जवाब:
सत्यं वद |

3. Student salutes teacher.
जवाब:
छात्रः गुरुं वन्दते ।

4. Leader rules the state.
जवाब:
नायकः राष्ट्रं पालयति ।

5. Helping others is the merit.
जवाब:
परोपकारः पुण्याय ।

Thoroughly reviewing AP Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 2 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

AP Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 2 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 100

Section – A

I. Annotate ANY TWO of the following in 10 to 15 lines each :

(a) India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.
Answer:
Context : This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful.

Explanation: In the beginning of the essay, the writer points out that India’s geographical¹ features are fitting to get natural disasters. Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Earthquakes and others are caused by natural calamities². There is a vast³ coastline⁴ around the country. Natural disasters occur because of the imbalance⁵ in ecosystem and they are very much possible at the sea side. Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea cause this disaster and so there are frequent⁶ disasters.

Explanation : It is natural that the oceans move according to the weather and other changes inside. One has to know that India is disaster related land. So disaster management is essential here.

1. భౌగోళిక పరిస్థితులు
2. విపత్తులు
3. చాలా ఎక్కువైన
4. సముద్రతీరము
5. సమతౌల్యములేని
6. తరచుగా

సందర్భం : డాక్టరు ఏ. మాధవీలత గారు సంకలనం చేసిన “Disaster Management” అనబడే వ్యాసము నుండి ఈ లైను తీసికొనబడినది. అది disaster management ను గురించినదై యున్నది. ఈ వ్యాసము విషయ పరిజ్ఞానము కలది మరియు ఉపయోగకరము.

వివరణ : వ్యాసము ప్రారంభంలో, వ్యాసకర్త భారతదేశపు భౌగోళిక పరిస్థితులు, సహజమైన విపత్తులకు తగినట్లుగా ఉన్నవి. సునామీలు, వరదలు, పెద్ద తుఫానులు, భూకంపములు మరియు అలాంటివి ప్రకృతిపరమైన తీవ్ర విపత్తుల మూలంగా వచ్చును. దేశము చుట్టూరు ఒక పెద్ద సముద్రతీరం ఉంది. ecosystem (వాతావరణ పరిస్థితి) యొక్క సమతౌల్యత లేనప్పుడు, సముద్ర తీరములలో అవి సహజంగా వస్తాయి. బంగాళాఖాతము మరియు అరేబియా సముద్రము ఈ విపత్తును సృష్టిస్తాయి మరియు తరచుగా విపత్తులు కలుగుతాయి.

సాధారణ భావన : సముద్రములు వాతావరణ కదలికలను బట్టి మరియు లోపల జరిగే ఇతర మార్పులను బట్టి మారుతుంటాయి. కనుక భారతదేశము విపత్తులకు అనువైన భూమి అని గ్రహించాలి. కనుక ఇక్కడ విపత్తుల నివారణ విధానము చాలా అవసరము.

(b) Her oxygen was critically low and her Sherpa warned her that she might lose her life.
Answer:
Context: This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.

Explanation: Arunima Sinha, the amputee was on her way to the summit of the Everest. Inspite of all the trouble and pain, she could cross the death zone also at a height of 3500 feet. She was not afraid of the dead bodies on the ground. By that time the oxygen was very low and so she was advised¹ by her helper, sherpa, to becareful. Somehow she moved forward and erected² the Indian flag on the summit on 21^st May 2013. Thereafter she was saved by her helper who supplied a new cylinder of oxygen.

General Relevance: These lines show how an adventurous individual, encounters³ problems till the end of the trial. Arunima Sinha reached almost the summit but the oxygen seemed to be not sufficient. She did not hesitate⁴ to move forward and proved her efficiency.

1. సలహానిచ్చెను
2. స్థాపించెను
3. ఎదుర్కొనుట
4. ఆలస్యము చేయుట, వెనుకాడుట

సందర్భము : డా॥ సౌజన్య గారు సేకరించిన, “She Conquered Everest” అనే పాఠములో నుండి ఈ ప్యాసేజి తీసుకొనబడింది. అది, ధైర్యము గల అమ్మాయి అయిన అరుణిమ సిన్హా మరియు ఆమె యొక్క జీవితాశయం గురించినదై యున్నది.

వివరణ : కాలుతెగగొట్టున అరుణిమ సిన్హా, ఎవరెస్టు శిఖరాన్నెక్కడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తోంది. చాలా కష్టాలునప్పటికి ఎలాగో 3500 అడుగుల ఎత్తున ఉన్న డెత్ జోన్ ను చేరింది. అక్కడవున్న శవాలను చూచి భయపడిపోలేదు. అప్పటికి ఆక్సిజన్ చాలా తక్కువగా ఉన్నది. అందుచేత ఆమె సహాయకుడైన షేర్పా ఆమెను జాగ్రత్తగా ఉండుమని సలహానిచ్చాడు. ఏదోవిధంగా ముందుకు పోయి ఆమె 2013 మే 21న ఆ శిఖరం చేరి భారత జాతీయ పతాకం స్థాపించింది. తరువాత సహాయకుడు క్రొత్త ఆక్సిజన్ సిలిండరు తెచ్చి ఆమెను బ్రతికించాడు.

సాధారణ భావన : ఒక ప్రయత్నంలో నున్న సాహస వ్యక్తి చివరి వరకు సమస్యలను ఎదుర్కొంటూనే వుంటాడు అనడానికి ఇది ప్రతీకగానున్నది. అరుణిమ సిన్హా దాదాపు శిఖరం చేశారు కాని ఆక్సిజన్ తక్కువగా కనిపించింది. కానీ ఆమె ముందుకు వెళ్ళడానికి సంకోచించక తన శక్తిని నిరూపించుకొన్నారు.

(c) “It is all going to be strange and new to him for a while and I wish you would treat him gently”.
Answer:
Context : This passage is taken from the lesson “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to his Son’s Teacher”, written by Abraham Lincoln, the noted 16^th President of the U.S.A. It is about his appeal¹ to a teacher in instructing² a boy of tender age.

Explanation: In the beginning of the letter, the author introduces³ the boy to the teacher. He tells that his son is innocent⁴ and is going to join the school. The school routine⁵ is new to him and thus he is afraid of the new atmosphere. He is happy at home with the parents but he has to accustom⁶ to the new life. So, he advises the teacher to treat the boy gently and affectionately⁷. The boy can adjust to the environments slowly. Lincoln expresses his views about child psychology.

General Relevance: It is natural for a child to show aversion⁹ to go to school. If there is no encouragement at school, the child shall be spoiled¹⁰. So Lincoln gives an interesting appeal to the teachers in general.

1. విన్నపము
2. పాఠము నేర్పుట
3. పరిచయము చేయుట
4. అమాయకమైన
5. క్రమమైన పద్ధతి
6. అలవాటు పడుట
7. ప్రియంగా
8. పరిసరములు
9. అయిష్టము
10. చెడిపోవును

సందర్భము : “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher” అనే పాఠము నుండి ఈ వాక్య భాగము తీసుకొనబడినది. దీనిని USA కు 16వ రాష్ట్రపతియైన అబ్రహాంలింకన్ వ్రాశారు. చిన్న వయస్సులో నున్న బాలునికి ఎలా చదువు చెప్పాలి అనే విషయమై ఆయన చేసిన విజ్ఞాపన.

వివరణ : ఈ ఉత్తరము ప్రారంభంలో, రచయిత తన కుమారుణ్ణి, ఉపాధ్యాయునికి పరిచయం చేస్తున్నాడు. తన కుమారుడు అమాయకుడని, స్కూలులో చేరబోతున్నాడని ఆయన చెప్పారు. పాఠశాల వాతావరణము అతనికి క్రొత్త గనుక అతడు క్రొత్త వాతావరణాన్ని బట్టి భయపడుతున్నాడు. ఇంటి దగ్గర తన తల్లిదండ్రులతో హాయిగా ఉన్నాడు కానీ క్రొత్త జీవితానికి అతడు అలవాటు పడాలి. అందుచేత ఆ అబ్బాయిని ప్రేమతో, సౌమ్యంగా చూడాలని ఉపాధ్యాయునికి సలహాయిస్తున్నాడు. పరిసరాలకు నెమ్మదిగా అలవాటుపడతాడు. లింకన్ తనకు గల చిన్న పిల్లల మనస్తత్వాన్ని ఈ మాటలలో ప్రకటించారు.

సాధారణ భావన : సాధారణంగా ఒక చిన్న పిల్లవాడు పాఠశాలకు వెళ్లడానికి అయిష్టత చూపుతాడు. స్కూలులో తగిన ప్రోత్సాహం లేకపోతే, పిల్లవాడు చెడిపోతాడు. అందుచేత లింకన్ గారు ఉపాధ్యాయులందరినీ ఉద్దేశించి మంచి విన్నపం చేశారు.

(d) Multi presentations can be made available in most tourist spots on the music, culture, history, biodiversity and other features of that could open by giving foreign tourists glimpses of such information, including local maps, by electronic mail even as they are planning their trips.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ is written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist in our daily life. Here it explain show the technology systems bring a change in the application of day to day events is given there.

Explanation: Information Technology brought a considerable change in every walk of life¹. A long with Agriculture, business and marketing, tourism also has got a new tonch. Presenting the places through digital technology, developing modern trends in music, culture, history, electronic mail of the maps etc made the department more attractive². Now-a-days tourists are given information through advanced systems. Thus tourism becomes meaningful. They plan it sufficiently early throught I.T.

General Relevance: Digital Technology has become important in the business of tourism also. Whole of the world is aware³ of all the tourist sports now-a-days on digital illustrations.

1. జీవిత విధానములు
2. ఆకర్షణీయంగా
3. ఎరిగి యుండుట

సందర్భము : ‘Digital Technologies’ అనబడే, APJ అబ్దుల్ కలామ్ మరియు Y.S. రాజన్లు వ్రాసిన పాఠంలోని ఈ lines తీసికొనబడినవి. టెక్నాలజీ అభివృద్ధి చెంది చాలా మార్పులు నిత్య జీవితంలో కనబడుతున్నాయి. ఈ Sensing Systems ఎలా పనిచేస్తున్నాయో తెలుపుచున్నది ఈ వ్యాసము.

వివరణ : Information Technology ఏ విధంగా వేగంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందిందో తెలుపుచూ, ఈ రంగంలో కొన్ని ఉదాహరణలు ఇచ్చారు. ATM, Automatic చెక్ మార్పిడి విధానము, క్రెడిట్ కార్డులు మరియు ఇతరములు ఉపయోగించ బడుతున్నాయి. ఇవి పల్లెటూళ్లకు వస్తున్నాయి. చాలా సమయం కలసివస్తుంది. క్రొత్త టెక్నాలజీను బట్టి బ్యాంకింగ్, ఇన్స్యూరెన్సు రంగాలలో మంచి అభివృద్ధి వచ్చింది. కాలక్రమంలో ఈ సిస్టమ్స్ దేశమంతటా వ్యాపింపజేయబడతాయి. I.T. అనునది బ్యాంకింగ్, ఇన్స్యూరెన్సులను కూడా అభివృద్ధిపరుస్తాయి.

సాధారణ భావన : డిజిటల్ టెక్నాలజీ అనునది క్రొత్తగా కనిపెట్టబడినది మరియు అన్ని రంగాలలో అది పెంపొందింపబడుతున్నది. ఈ క్రొత్త టెక్నాలజీను అన్ని రంగాలలో ప్రవేశపెట్టాలి. ఆధునిక కాలంలో I.T. చాలా ప్రాముఖ్యత కలిగియున్నది.

II. Annotations (Poetry) :

(a) “Creatures that, by a rule in nature, teach the art of order to a peopled kingdom”.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem “Common wealth of Bees” written by Shakespeare. It is extracted from the play Henry V, Act I and Scene 2. The example of a beehive¹ is given here, by the dramatist, to bring a lesson.

Explanation: Shakespeare compares the kingdom of Henry V to a beehive. It is like the common wealth of bees. A queen bee is the central attraction² in the hive but Shakespeare compares the king to this important figure. Around the worker bees, the male bees, the mechanic bees, the intelligent bees, the soldier bees surround³ it. The activity in the beehive is quite punctual⁴. There is no deviation from any side. The worker bee runs miles and miles to collect the honey, the mechanic covers the holes with wax⁵ the soldiers fight with the enemy and the lazy bees sleep without any movement. Similarly, the kingdom is ruled over by the king but the common wealth⁶ of different people will work punctually. This sort of active work has to be turned out. We can learn from the bees.

General relevance: Shakespeare’s advice to keep the kingdom safe by means of the activity of the people at each level is worthy to be followed. If everybody works in his own way sincerely, there great success.

1. తేనెపట్టు
2. ఆకర్షణ
3. ముసురుట
4. సరియైన సమయము
5. మైనము
6. విధము

సందర్భము : విలియం షేక్స్పియర్ వ్రాసిన Common Wealth of Bees అనే పద్యం నుండి ఈ వాక్యములు తీసుకొనబడినవి. అది హెన్రీ – V, మొదటి Act, 2వ సీను నుండి తీసుకొనబడినది. ఒక తేనెపట్టు యొక్క ఉదాహరణ, ఒక పాఠము కొరకు ఇవ్వబడినది.

వివరణ : హెన్రీ – V యొక్క రాజ్యము ఒక తేనెపట్టుతో పోల్చబడినది. అది తేనెటీగల Common Wealth వలె ఉన్నది. ఒక తేనెపట్టులో రాణి ఈగ ప్రధాన ఆకర్షణ కానీ ఇక్కడ షేక్స్పియర్ ఈ పాత్రను రాజుగా తెలుపుచున్నాడు. చుట్టూరా మగ ఈగలు, శ్రామిక ఈగలు, మెకానిక్ ఈగలు, తెలివైన ఈగలు, సైనిక ఈగలు చుట్టుముడుతున్నవి. ఆ తేనెపట్టులో పని సమయానికి జరుగుతుంది. ఏ విధముగానూ దానిలో తేడా ఉండదు. శ్రామిక ఈగ మైళ్ళ కొలది దూరం తేనెను ప్రోగుచేయుటకు వెళ్ళును. మెకానిక్ ఈగ ఆ రంధ్రములను మైనంతో నింపుతాయి. సైనికులు శత్రువుతో పోరాడుతాయి. బద్ధకంగా ఉండే ఈగలు ఏమీ చలనం లేకుండా నిద్రపోతాయి. అదే విధంగా ఆ రాజ్యమును ఒక రాజు పరిపాలిస్తాడు. ప్రజలు అందరూ సమయానికి జాగ్రత్తగా పనిచేస్తారు. ఇట్టి చురుకైన పని జరగాలి. దానిని మనం తేనెటీగల నుండి నేర్చుకొనవచ్చును.

సాధారణ భావన : రాజ్యమును ప్రజల కార్యక్రమాల ద్వారా. ప్రతిస్థాయిలో మంచిగా ఉంచాలని షేక్స్పియర్ ఇచ్చిన సలహా అనుసరించడానికి తగినది. ప్రతివాడు తన ధోరణిలో తాను జాగ్రత్తగా పనిచేస్తే గొప్ప విజయం లభిస్తుంది.

(b) Give me the strength
never to disown the poor.
Answer:
Context: These lines are extracted from the poem “This is my Prayer to thee my Lord” written by Rabindranath Tagore. He was a Nobel laureate and his poems are filled with philosophy. Here this small poem is a prayer to God to make him a real follower.

Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore’s prayer is honest. He prays to the God Almighty¹ to make him successful in his deeds of love. He wants to have equanimity both at happiness and at difficulties. He wants to show affection² towards the poor and the needy. His mind should rise to the supreme level of showing love at others without selfishness. He wants to utilise³ his strength for the good of the people.

General relevance: The prayer is a universal⁴ appeal. It pertains to the world of truth, love and service. It is a general ambition that the righteous⁵ people aim at.

1. సర్వ శక్తిమంతుడు
2. ప్రేమ
3. ఉపయోగించుకొనుట
4. విశ్వజనీయమైన
5. నీతిగల, సత్యవంతులైన

సందర్భము : ఈ వాక్యాలు రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ గారు రచించిన ‘This is my Prayer to thee my Lord’ అనే ఈ పద్యం నుండి తీసుకొనబడినవి. ఆయన నోబెల్ బహుమతి గ్రహీత మరియు ఆయన పద్యములు వేదాంతముతో నింపబడినవి. ఈ చిన్న పద్యము, నిజమైన follower గా దేవునికి ప్రార్థించే విధానము అయి ఉన్నది.

వివరణ : రవీంద్రనాథ ఠాగూర్ గారు పద్యంలో చాలామంచి వివరణలు ఇచ్చారు. ఆయన తన జీవితంలో స్థిత ప్రజ్ఞత కలిగి ఉండాలి. ఈ పద్యంలో చెప్పబడిన స్థితప్రజ్ఞత అనే నీతి జీవితంలో చాలా ముఖ్యమైనది. ఈ రెండు విషయాలలో సమతౌల్యం ఉండాలి. సంతోషంలో మరియు విచారంలో హృదయం పాడుచేయబడరాదు. మిగతా చిన్న చిన్న విషయాలన్నింటిని అధిగమించి, ఉన్నతమైన భావాలతో నిండిన మనస్సును కోరుతున్నారు.

సాధారణ భావన : ఠాగూరు గారి ప్రార్థన గొప్ప కోరికలతో నిండియున్నది. బీదవారికి, అవుసరలతో ఉన్న వారికి ప్రేమ, అనురాగము చూపాలి. అట్టివారి పట్ల విజయవంతమైన ప్రేమను ఆశిస్తున్నారు.

(c) The body bears word – fruits
Sends out word – arrows.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem ‘Body’ written by K. SivaReddy and translated into English by M. Sridhar and Alladi Uma. The poem is an interesting description of a human body and the potentiality of words. Body is not simply a physical organism but also a potential entity for life.

Explanation: The poet gives a vivid description of how a body is there in the life of an individual. He tells that it is not simply a biological organism¹ but it is lively with all sorts of activity. Words come out of the body and the body is a combination² of such words. Body uses the words as arrows and weapons. Similarly it uses the words with great affection³ and love. These words are like fruits of a tree. While the words are useful to suppress the opponent⁴, they are equally useful for pleasant⁵ atmosphere. Here they are taken as sweet fruits. The body of an individual is the root cause for good or bad in the life. So, the comparison of the words as arrows and fruits, is quite suitable.

General relevance: The poet’s imagination is quite praise worthy. He says that the body is an active entity to make the life peaceful and fruitful. So the poet thinks of both happy and unhappy occasions here in these lines.

1. సౌష్టవము
2. కలయిక
3. ఇష్టము, ప్రేమ
4. వ్యతిరేకి
5. ఆహ్లాదకరమైన
6. స్తుతింపదగిన

సందర్భము : K. Sivareddy గారు వ్రాయగా M. Sridhar మరియు అల్లాడి ఉమగార్లు ఇంగ్లీషులోనికి అనువదించిన పద్యము ‘Body’ నుండి ఈ లైనులు తీసికొనబడినవి. ఈ పద్యము మానవ శరీరము యొక్క వర్ణనను అలాగే మాటలలోని శక్తిని వర్ణిస్తున్నది. శరీరము అనునది కేవలము శరీరములోని అవయవము మాత్రమేగాక జీవితంలోనున్న ఒక బలమైన ప్రత్యేకతను సూచిస్తున్నది.

వివరణ : ఒక వ్యక్తి జీవితంలో అతడెట్లుండాలో వివరంగా వర్ణించాడు కవి. అది కేవలం శరీరంలో ఒక భాగం మాత్రమే కాదు. అది అన్ని రకాల కార్యకలాపాలతో చాలా చురుకుగా వుంటుంది. శరీరం నుండి మాటలు వస్తాయి. శరీరం మాటల సమూహము శరీరము మాటలను బాణములుగాను, ఆయుధములుగాను ఉపయోగించుకొంటుంది. అలాగే అది మాటలను చాలా ప్రేమగా, దయకొరకు కూడా వాడుకొంటుంది. ఈ మాటలు చెట్ల పండ్లవలె వున్నాయి. వ్యతిరేకమైన మనిషిని ఆపడానికి మాటలు వుపయోగపడినట్లే అవి ఆనందదాయకమైన పరిస్థితికి కూడా ఉపయోగపడతాయి. ఇక్కడ అవి తియ్యని పళ్లుగా తీసికొనబడ్డాయి. ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క శరీరము ఆతని యొక్క మంచిలేక చెడుకు మూలకారణము. కనుక బాణములు, మరియు పళ్లుగా చూపబడిన పోలిక సరిగానున్నది.

సాధారణ భావన : కవి యొక్క ఊహనా శక్తి ప్రశంసాపత్రము, శరీరము అనేది జీవితాన్ని శాంతియుతంగా, ఫలభరితంగా చేయడానికి అవసరమైన చురుకైన అంగము. ఈ linesలో, కవిగారు, సంతోషమైన మరియు విచారకరమైన విషయాలను తలంచారు.

(d) But why can’t your irises lock with mine ?
Our ears stop all unkind sound?
Let us shake off these brand names
And search for a herb that heals,
Make a poultice to cure mass lunacy.
Answer:
Context: These lines are taken from the poem ‘To A Student’ written by Kamala Wijeratne. In this poem the poet gives a message to the youth. This word is filled with hatred and bloodshed. A student should understand the real atmosphere and should try to pursue peace and hormony.

Explanation: After explaining all the practical things available in the society, the poet turns to the student and asks these questions. The iris of the teacher and that of the student should unite, as the lesson is being given. The ears have to listen carefully to the words spoken by the teacher. There should be no disturbance. To achieve this supreme status, the student should forget all the ethnic² atmosphere around. He should forget all about hatred and bloodshed. He should have a healing³ for the illness. The disease is the news of war, bomb explosions⁴, killings and others. It could be healed⁵ with the herbal medicine of peaceful life. The lunacy of fights, struggles and wars should be cured⁶ with the right medicine.

General relevance: When youth understands the real circumstances, it would advance⁷ to set them right. The disease of selfishness and egoism⁸ should go and peace and harmony should cure the lunacy.

1. నష్టములు
2. రక్తపాత సంబంధమైన
3. బాగుపడుట, స్వస్థత
4. ప్రేల్చివేతలు
5. బాగుచేయుట
6. స్వస్థపరచెను

సందర్భము : కమలా విజేరత్నే వ్రాసిన To A Student’ అనబడే పద్యము నుండి ఈ వాక్యములు తీసుకొనబడినవి. ఈ పద్యంలో ఆ కవి యువతకు మంచి ఉపదేశము ఇస్తున్నారు. ప్రపంచమంతా ఏహ్యభావము మరియు యుద్ధము అనే వాటితో నిండిపోయి ఉన్నవి. విద్యార్థి నిజమైన వాతావరణమును గ్రహించి శాంతి, సమగ్రతలను సాధించడానికి ఉద్యుక్తుడు కావాలి.

వివరణ : ఉన్న వాస్తవ పరిస్థితులన్ని తెలియజేసిన తరువాత, కవి విద్యార్థి వైపుకు తిరిగి ఈ ప్రశ్నలు అడుగుతున్నారు. పాఠము జరుగుతున్నప్పుడు teacher యొక్క కనుగుడ్డు, ఆ విద్యార్థి యొక్క కనుగుడ్డు కలసిపోవాలి. Teacher చెబుతున్న మాటలు విద్యార్థి జాగ్రత్తగా వినాలి. ఎట్టి ఇబ్బంది ఉండరాదు. ఈ మేలైన స్థితి కొరకు, విద్యార్థి చుట్టూరా ఉన్న రక్తపాత విషయాలన్నీ మరచిపోవాలి. ఏహ్యత మరియు రక్తపాతము గుర్తులో ఉండరాదు. ఈ రోగానికి ఒక స్వస్థత కావాలి. ఆ రోగము యుద్ధవార్తలు, మందుపాతరలు, చంపుకోవడాలు ఇతరములు. ప్రశాంతమైన జీవితము అనే మూలికా వైద్యంతో అది సాధ్యము. యుద్ధాలకైయుండు పిచ్చి పోట్లాటలు మరియు యుద్ధాలు సరియైన మందుతో బాగుచేయబడాలి.

సాధారణ భావన : యువత వాస్తవ పరిస్థితులు అర్థం చేసుకొన్నప్పుడు అది వారిని బాగుచేస్తుంది. స్వార్థపరత మరియు అహంభావము అను రోగము పోవాలి. శాంతి మరియు సమగ్రత ఈ పిచ్చిని కుదర్చాలి.

III. Paragraph Questions (Prose) :

(a) How can the teacher instil faith, love and courage in Lincoln’s son ?
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to the teacher of his son. His letter is filled with a number of suggestions to the teacher. The teacher should be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy should be adventurous¹. He should know that a friend should be seen in an enemy. His behaviour with others should be gentle². Cynicism should not be encouraged. He must be adventurous to tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. Faith in himself leads to faith in mankind’. Thus faith, love and courage could be instiledt in Lincoln’s son.

1. ధైర్యము కలిగిన వాడు
2. సున్నితంగా
3. మానవజాతి
4. పాదుకొల్పుట, కలుగజేయుట

అబ్రహాంలింకన్ తన కుమారుని ఉపాధ్యాయునికి ఒక ఉత్తరం వ్రాశారు. ఆ ఉత్తరంలో ఉపాధ్యాయునికి ఎన్నో సలహాలున్నవి. ఉపాధ్యాయుడు, ఆ బాలుని పట్ల బహుజాగ్రత్తగా వ్యవహరించాలి. ఆ అబ్బాయి ధైర్యశాలి అయియుండాలి. ఒక శత్రువులో ఒక మిత్రుణ్ణి చూడగలిగి యుండాలి. ఇతరులతో అతని ప్రవర్తన సౌమ్యంగా ఉండాలి. ఇతరుల అభివృద్ధిని ఓర్చలేని లక్షణాన్ని ప్రోత్సహించరాదు. యుద్ధాలు, బాధలు, విచారాలను ధైర్యంగా ఎదుర్కొవాలి. తన మీద తనకు నమ్మకముంటే అది మానవజాతి మీద నమ్మకం కలిగిస్తుంది. ఈ విధంగా విశ్వాసము, ప్రేమ మరియు ధైర్యము అను వానిని లింకన్ గారి కుమారునిలో నింపాలి.

(b) Describe the incident that led to the amputation of the left leg of Arunima. Describe the way she was treated after she was found beside the tracks.
Answer:
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of Arunima Sinha. She was the resident of U.P. State. As she studied law, being a sports girl, she applied for a job in Central Industrial Security Force. As the date of birth was wrongly entered, she wanted to go to Delhi to correct the error. There, in the train journey, some robbers tried to take away a gold ornament¹. She fought against them bravely. The criminals caught hold of her and threw her out of the carriage. She fell on the other track. A train ran over her left leg. She was admitted² into a hospital. They decided to cut her left leg. But there was no anesthesia. Yet, the brave girl asked them to amputate. Her left leg was cut and the right leg was supported³ by a rod. She was given the best treatment at AIIMS. Her body recovered⁴ quickly to the surprise of every- body, She decided to scale the Everest.

1. నగ
2. చేర్చబడెను
3. సహాయము చేసెను
4. బాగుపడెను

డా॥ బి. సౌజన్యగారు అరుణిమ సిన్హా యొక్క వివరములను సమీకరించారు. ఆమె యు.పి.కి చెందినవారు. ఆమె ‘లా’ చదివి, ఆటలలో ప్రావీణ్యత కలిగి యుండుట చేత Central Industrial Security Force లో ఉద్యోగము కొరకు దరఖాస్తు చేసికొన్నారు. ఆమె పుట్టిన తేదీ తప్పుగా నమోదు అగుటవలన, ఆమె ఢిల్లీ వెళ్లి తప్పు సరిచేయించుకొనాలి అనుకొన్నారు. రైలు ప్రయాణంలో దొంగలు ఆమె బంగారు గొలుసును కాజేయడానికి ప్రయత్నించారు. ఆమె ధైర్యంగా పోరాడారు. ఆ నేరస్తులు ఆమెను పట్టుకొని బండిలో నుండి బయటికి విసిరేశారు. ఆమె అవతలి ట్రాక్పై పడినారు. ఒక రైలు ఆమె ఎడమ కాలిమీదుగా వెళ్లింది. ఆమె హాస్పిటల్లో చేరింది. వారు ఆమె ఎడమ కాలిని కోయాలి అని అన్నారు. కానీ అక్కడ అనస్తీషియా లేదు. అయినప్పటికీ ఆ ధైర్యము గల బాలిక, కాలికి ఆపరేషన్ చేయమని అడిగింది. ఆమె ఎడమకాలు తెగ గొట్టబడింది మరియు కుడికాలు ఒక రాడ్డుతో సహాయము పొందింది. AIIMS లో మంచి వైద్యం అందింది. ఆమె శరీరము త్వరగా కోలుకుంది. అందరూ ఆశ్చర్యపడేవిధంగా ఆమె ఎవరెస్టును ఎక్కాలని నిర్ణయించింది.

(c) What is cultural or knowledge oriented tourism?
Answer:
APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the essay “Digital Technologies”. They have a vision for India in its development. Digital technology is useful in all its spheres. According to the authors, in tourism also, these should be radical changes. There are many tourist spots in India. Tajmahal, Goa, the beautiful Northeast, the Deserts, the Himalayas and others attract tourists. But tourism¹ should be cultural² or knowledge³ oriented. The spots have cultural importance. These is a great knowledge behind⁴ the visit of these places. All the knowledge and cultural importance should be given sufficiently early to the tourists. It is possible only when we use digital technology properly⁵. The person who visits the spot, with some knowledge of the importance of the place, shall be satisfied. He thinks that his tourist journey is knowledge oriented and he is in touch with the culture of the country.

1. యాత్ర
2. సంస్కృతపరమైన
3. జ్ఞాన యుక్తము
4. వెనుక
5. సరియైనరీతిలో

రచయితల ఉద్దేశం ప్రకారము టూరిజంలో గొప్ప మార్పులు రావాలి. తాజ్మహల్ గోవా, అందమైన వాయువ్య రాష్ట్రాలు, ఎడారులు, హిమాలయాలు మరియు అనేకములు యాత్రికులనాకర్షిస్తాయి. కానీ యాత్ర అనునది cultural మరియు జ్ఞాన సంపూర్ణంగా ఉండాలి. ఈ స్థలాలు పురాతన ప్రాధాన్యత కలిగి వున్నాయి. ఈ స్థలాలను సందర్శించడం వెనుక చాలా జ్ఞానము దాగియున్నది. వాటి యొక్క జ్ఞానము మరియు సాంస్కృతిక ప్రాధాన్యత, తగినంత ముందుగానే యాత్రికులకందించాలి. అది మనం డిజిటల్ టెక్నాలజీ సరిగా వాడినప్పుడే సాధ్యము. ఆ ప్రదేశము యొక్క ప్రాధాన్యత తెలుపు జ్ఞానముతో ఆ స్థలమును దర్శించునప్పుడు అతడు కొంత తృప్తి పడతాడు. అతడు తన ప్రయాణము జ్ఞానముతో నిండి యున్నదని, ఆ దేశ సంస్కృతిని ఎరిగియున్నామని గ్రహిస్తాము.

(d) Write about Bhopal gas leak disaster.
Answer:
Dr. A. Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of diaster management in the essay “Disaster Management”. It is informative and useful. There are two kinds of disasters we experience in our day to day life, Natural disasters and Man made disasters. One of the man made disasters is Bhopal Gas leak disaster. It was a gruesome¹ situation created by this leakage. It happened because of human failure in managing the technology. In the year 1984, Poisonous gas from a business concern in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh was leaked. 50,000 people were affected by it. There were severe problems with lungs, eyes and skin. Many people became disabled². Some of the sufferers are alive to-day. This gruesome situation was caused because of neglegence and carelessness. The Bhopal Gas leakage disaster, should become a warning for future times.

1. భయంకరమైన, కష్టతరమైన
2. పనికిరానివారుగా, ఉపయోగరహితము

‘Disaster Management’ అనబడే ఈ వ్యాసంలో, విపత్తుల నిర్వహణకు సంబంధించిన వివరములను డా. ఏ. మాధవీలత గారు సంకలనం చేశారు. అది ఉపయోగకరంగాను, వివరణాత్మకంగాను ఉన్నది. రెండు రకాల విపత్తులు మన జీవితంలో కనబడుతాయి. సహజ విపత్తులు, మనుష్యుల చేత వచ్చిన విపత్తులు. ఈ మనిషి వలన వచ్చిన విపత్తులలో భోపాల్ గ్యాస్టిక్ విపత్తు ఒకటి. ఈ లీకేజి వలన సృష్టింపబడిన భయంకరమైన పరిస్థితి. సాంకేతికను నడిపించుటలో జరిగిన తప్పువలన అది జరిగినది. మధ్యప్రదేశ్లోని భోపాల్ నగరంలో 1984లో, విషపూరిత గ్యాస్, ఒక వ్యాపార సంస్థ నుండి వెలువడింది. 50,000 మంది దానివలన ఇబ్బందిపడ్డారు. ఊపిరితిత్తులు, కళ్ళు, చర్మము మొదలైనవాటిలో సమస్యలు వచ్చాయి. చాలామంది వికలాంగులైనారు. కేవలం అశ్రద్ధ, నిర్లక్ష్యము వలన ఈ భయోత్పాతము ఏర్పడినది. భోపాల్ గ్యాస్ లీకేజి విపత్తు, భావి కాలానికి ఒక సవాలు కావాలి.

IV. Paragraph Questions (Poetry) :

(a) According to Shakespeare, what are the lessons that human beings must learn from honeybees?
Answer:
William Shakespeare was a play wright and a poet. He wrote a number of plays. ‘Common Wealth of Bees’ is an extract from the drama Henry V, Act I and Scene 2, Here the arch-bishop¹ of canterbury gives an interesting advice to the young king. King Henry was asked to look to the bee-hive.

The bee-hive is like a common wealth. There are many bees in the hive. There is a queen bee but Shakespeare takes it as king bee in his play. Around there are worker bees. There are soldiers to fight against the enemy. Some bees cover the holes with wax. The mechanic bees are there which do their own work. All the bees work from different angles² but for one goal. They collect honey for the whole of the crowd. They do it in order and none would swerve³ the duty. In the same manner the citizens of a kingdom should work carefully for the welfare of the kingdom.

Soldiers should be ready for war, workers to do their work, clever lawyers should work for law and order and every wing should work accordingly. The only goal is to keep the kingdom and the king safe. Shakespeare’s comparison is thought provoking⁴.

1. క్రీస్తు మతస్థుల ప్రధాన గురువు
2. కోణం
3. మార్గము నుండి తిప్పు
4. పుట్టించునట్టి

విలియం షేక్స్పియరు ఒక నాటక రచయిత మరియు కవి. ఆయన అనేక నాటకాలు వ్రాశారు. హేన్రీV, Act I, సీన్ 2 నుండి “Common Wealth of Bees” అనబడే ఈ భాగము తీసికొనబడింది. ఇక్కడ క్యాంటర్బరీ ఆర్చ్ బిషప్ గారు, యువకుడైన రాజు ఒక మంచి సలహానిచ్చాడు. రాజుగారిని తేనెటీగల పట్టును చూడమంటున్నాడు.

తేనెపట్టు, ఒక కామన్వెల్త్ వలె వున్నది. ఆ పట్టులో అనేక ఈగలున్నాయి. దానిలో ఒక రాణి ఈగ ఉంటుంది. కానీ షేక్స్పియరు దానిని రాజుగా తీసికొంటున్నాడు. దాని చుట్టూ శ్రమపడే తేనెటీగలున్నాయి. శత్రువు మీద పోరాడడానికి సైనిక ఈగలున్నాయి. కొన్ని రంధ్రములను waxతో పూడ్చుచున్నాయి. కొన్ని మెకానిక్ ఈగలు ఆ పనిని చేస్తున్నాయి. అన్ని ఈగల వేర్వేరు దిశలనుండి పని చేస్తున్నాయి గాని ఒకే గమ్యముతో చేస్తున్నాయి. అవి ఈగలన్నింటి కొరకు తేనెను ప్రోగుచేస్తాయి. అవి ఒక క్రమంలో చేస్తాయి. ఏ ఒక్కటి తన డ్యూటీని తప్పదు. అదే విధంగా ప్రతి పౌరుడూ, రాజ్యంకొరకు జాగ్రత్తగా పనిచేయాలి. సైనికులు యుద్ధానికి సిద్ధంగా వుండాలి, పనివారు పనికి తెలివైన న్యాయవాదులు న్యాయముకొరకు అలాగే ప్రతి విభాగము తనపనిలో వుండాలి. రాజ్యమును, రాజును క్షేమంగా వుంచడమే ధ్యేయంగా వుండాలి. షేక్స్పియర్ యొక్క పోలిక ఆలోచింపజేస్తున్నది.

(b) What kind of strength does Tagore seek and why ?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, dramatist and a philosopher. He was a nobel laure- ate fot the book Gitanjali. In the 36^th song of Gitanjali, Tagore submits a prayer to God. He prays to God to strike him at the penury¹ of heart. He needs strength to love the poor and the needy². He should bear the difficulties and enjoy the happy occasions. There are so many trifles³ in the life of a man. He should not think of these problems in the journey of life. He should have a heaven on Earth. He should get the divine⁴ qualities. He should build India on the base⁵ of qualities like kindness and love. His love should not be selfish. He should have real service towards the needy. Thus an individual seeks the strength to beat and he wants it because he likes it.

1. బీదరికము
2. 2. అవసరములలో ఉన్నవారు
3. చాలా చిన్న విషయములు
4. దైవికమైన
5. మూలము

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ గారు కవి, నాటకకర్త మరియు. వేదాంతి అయి ఉన్నారు. ‘గీతాంజలి’ అనే పుస్తకము ద్వారా ఆయన నోబెల్ బహుమతి పురస్కార గ్రహీత అయ్యారు. గీతాంజలిలోని 36వ పద్యంలో, ఠాగూర్ గారు ఒక ప్రార్థన చేస్తున్నారు. ఆయన తన హృదయంలోని లేమిని కొట్టాలి అని అడిగారు. ఆయనకు బీదవారు, అవసరములలో ఉన్నవారికి ప్రేమ చూపుటకు కావలసిన శక్తిని కోరుచున్నారు. అతడు కష్టాలను సహించాలి మరియు సంతోష సమయాలను ఆనందంగా తీసుకొనాలి. ఒక మనిషి జీవితంలో అనేక చిన్న చిన్న విషయాలుంటాయి. జీవితయానంలో వచ్చే ఈ సమస్యలను గురించి ఆలోచించరాదు. భూమిమీద స్వర్గాన్ని కోరుతున్నాడు. అతనికి దైవిక లక్షణాలుండాలి. దయ, ప్రేమ అను లక్షణాల మీద ఆధారపడి భారతదేశాన్ని కట్టాలి. అతని ప్రేమ, స్వార్థపూరితంగా ఉండడాడు. అవసరములలో ఉన్న వారికి నిజమైన సేవ చేయాలి. ఈ విధంగా ఒక వ్యక్తి శక్తి కలిగి ఉండాలి. అది ఆయన కోరుతున్నాడు. ఎందుకంటే అది ఆయనకు ఇష్టము.

(c) I found a word and carefully placed it next to another. “Soon I had a bridge and a pathway to a wonderful future”. Tim Hollingworth.
Answer:
K. Sivareddy, a poet in Telugu Literature produced a number of books and got fame. His poem ‘Body’ was translated into English by M. Sridhar and Alladi Uma. The body and its existence is described in a varied¹ way. A body is potentially strong and it has words to make it lively². Here the statement given by Hollingworth is an important topic for study. The statement says that the future is built upon the bridge of words. When we speak certain words meaningfully, they help us, develop our personality. Words are like arrows to shoot at. Words float³ on views just like the boats on rivers. Through soft words, friendship is created. Through words the character of an individual is created and through. An individual the words are also created. Body is always on heat and it is maintained by the heat of words. Thus words make this world lively and the body revolves⁴ round the words.

1. వైవిధ్యముగల
2. చురుకుగా, సజీవంగా
3. తేలియాడుట
4. చుట్టూరా తిరుగును

తెలుగు సాహిత్యంలో కవియయిన కె. శివారెడ్డి చాలా పుస్తకములు రచించి పేరు సంపాదించారు. M. శ్రీధర్ మరియు అల్లాడి ఉమయనువారు ఆయన పద్యము అయిన ‘Body’ ని ఇంగ్లీషులోనికి తర్జుమా చేశారు. శరీరము దాని ఉనికిని ఆయన ప్రత్యేక రీతిలో చెప్పారు. ఒక శరీరము బలిష్టమైనది. దానిని చురుకుగా నుంచుటకు మాటలుంటాయి. ఇక్కడ ‘Hollingworth’ గారు వ్రాసిన ప్రకటన గురించి చదువవలయును. భవిష్యత్తు అనేది ఇప్పటి మాటల వంతెన మీద ఆధారపడుతుంది అని ఆ ప్రకటన చెబుతున్నది.

అర్థవంతంగా కొన్ని మాటలు మాట్లాడితే మన వ్యక్తిత్వమును పెంచడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది. మాటలు, వేయదగిన బాణముల వంటివి. నదులలో నావలు నడస్తున్నట్లుగా, ఊహల మీద శరీరం నడుస్తుంది. మృదువైన మాటలతో స్నేహం ఏర్పడుతుంది. మాటల ద్వారా ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క ప్రవర్తన ఏర్పడుతుంది మరియు వ్యక్తి ద్వారా మాటలు వస్తాయి. శరీరం వేడిగావుంటుంది. దానిని మాటలవేడితో అలాగే వుంచగలగుతున్నారు. ఈ విధంగా మాటలు ప్రపంచాన్ని చురుకుగా నుంచుతుంది. శరీరము మాటల చుట్టూ తిరుగుతుంది.

(d) Why does the poet, Kamala Wijeratne want us to make a medicine with herbs to cure mass lunacy?
Answer:
Kamala Wijeratne a poet from ceylon wrote her views on peace and harmony. She is a noted poet giving powerful message¹, through this poem “To A Student”. According to the poet, this world is filled with hatred and bloodshed. Everywhere we find ethnic scenes. Pieces of human flesh, splinters² of bones, bursts of landmines and other frightening³ spots appear on the streets. These ills should be rooted out. The student is afraid of the circumstances and so he is not in a position, at least to look at the face of his teacher or he cannot listen to the peace message. So this sort of disease has to be cured. The poet wants to have a herbal medicine to cure this lunatic atmosphere. The medicine of herbs is a traditional one but it roots out the disease. So, powerful measures to curb this ethnic event should be taken. They should think about the experiences of Ilion. Carthage and Hiroshima. This is a message for peaceful living.

1. సందేశము
2. ముక్కలు
3. భయోత్పాతమైన
4. ఈ విధమైన
5. మందులు
6. పిచ్చియైన
7. మూలం లేకుండా చేయుట
8. అణచుట

శాంతి మరియు సమగ్రతల మీద కమలా విజేరత్నే అనే సింహళదేశపు కవి తన అభిప్రాయాలను వ్రాశారు. To A Student’ అను ఈ పద్యం ద్వారా ఆమె ఒక బలమైన సందేశం ఇచ్చారు. ఎక్కడ చూసినా రక్తపాతం’ కనబడుతోంది. మనిషి మాంసం ముక్కలు, ఎముకల ముక్కలు, మందుపాతరల ప్రేలుళ్ళు, ఇంకా ఇతర భయాన్ని గొలిపే పరిస్థితులున్నాయి. ఈ చెడులు రూపుమాయాలి. విద్యార్థి ఈ పరిస్థితులంటే భయపడుతున్నాడు మరియు తన ఉపాధ్యాయుని ముఖంలోకి చూడలేకపోతున్నాడు. సందేశాన్ని వినలేకపోతున్నాడు. కనుక ఈ విధమైన రోగం కుదరాలి. దాని కొరకు అనగా ఈ పిచ్చి పోవుట కొరకు మూలికా వైద్యము చేయించాలి. మూలికా వైద్యము అనునది సంప్రదాయ వైద్యము కానీ పూర్తిగా రోగం నయమవుతుంది. ఈ రక్తపాతానికి సంబంధించిన బలమైన కార్యక్రమం చేపట్టాలి. ఇలియాన్, కార్తేజ్ అను రెండు స్థలాల అనుభవాన్ని తీసుకుంటున్నారు. ఇది శాంతియుత జీవనానికి ఒక సందేశము వంటిది.

V. Paragraph Questions (Non-detailed) :

(a) How is “The Last Leaf” by O. Henry a story of hope, friendship and sacrifice ?
Answer:
O. Henry was an American short story writer. His stories have the ironic endings. They belong to the American common man¹ of the 20^th century. The story Last Leaf is with affection, sacrifice² and friendship.

Johnsy and Sue were artists maintaining a studio in Newyork. Those days Johnsy was with pneumonia and she was afraid of the disease. She believed that the disease would take her life. Sue was hopeful of her friend’s survival. She was taking care of her. While drawing pictures she took old Mr. Behrman as her model paint. He was a drunkard but wanted to become a noted painter. He used to say that he would great a master piece. But everytime he failed because of his habits³ and health.

That day Sue told Behrman about the illhealth⁴ of Johnsy and her fear. Johnsy was looking through the window. She could see an old vine creeper⁵ on the other wall. The leaves of the plant were falling down and so she thought that her days were also being counted. It was her firm opinion⁶ that she would die as the last leaf falls down. Behrman come to know this from Sue. He could not accept the notion⁷ of Johnsy.

That night there was one leaf and Johnsy said that the last leaf would fall down by the next morning and that she would also die. Sue said that it was wrong. The doctor visited and said that Johnsy was completely alright. The last leaf did not fall down. It was hanging⁸ over there. She had some courage. The doctor said that Behrman was dead. Sue explained that Behrman painted the picture of the leaf on the wall and it saved her life. The last leaf was Behrman’s master piece. Behrman sacrificed his life painting the leaf in wind and the rain⁹. His leaf saved Johnsy and thus it became a master piece.

1. సామాన్యుడు
2. త్యాగము
3. దురలవాట్లు
4. అనారోగ్యము
5. తీగ
6. గట్టి భావన
7. ఉద్దేశము
8. వ్రేలాడుచున్న
9. గాలి మరియు వర్షము.

O. హెన్రీ అమెరికాకు సంబంధించిన Short story writer అయివున్నారు. ఆయన కథలు ironic endings కలిగి ఉంటాయి. అవి 20వ శతాబ్దపు సామాన్య మానవునికి సంబంధించినవై ఉంటాయి. Last Leaf అనే ఈ చిన్న కథలో ప్రేమ, త్యాగము మరియు స్నేహభావము కనబడుతున్నాయి.

Johnsy మరియు Sue అనువారు న్యూయార్క్ ఒక స్టూడియోను నిర్వహిస్తున్న కళాకారిణులు. ఆ రోజులలో Johnsy న్యూమోనియా వ్యాధితో బాధపడుతుండెను. ఆ రోగమంటే ఆమెకు భయము కలిగింది. ఆ రోగము ఆమె ప్రాణం తీస్తుంది అని నమ్మింది. Sue తన స్నేహితురాలి ఆరోగ్యమును గురించి నమ్మకంగా ఉన్నది. ఆమె తన స్నేహితురాలిని చాలా జాగ్రత్తగా చూసుకొంటున్నది. బొమ్మలు గీసేటప్పుడు ఆమె Behrmanను మోడల్గా తీసికొంటుంది. అతడు త్రాగుబోతు మరియు తానొక గొప్ప Painter కావలెనని అనుకొంటాడు. తానొక master piece సృష్టిస్తానని అంటుంటాడు. కానీ అతని దురలవాట్లు, అనారోగ్యము కారణంగా, ప్రతిసారి సాధించలేకపోతున్నాడు.

ఆ రోజు Johnsy యొక్క అనార్యోగము మరియు ఆమె భయమును గూర్చి Sue, బెహర్మన్కు చెప్పింది. Johnsy ఆ కిటికీ గుండా చూస్తున్నది. ఆమె ఒక Ivy తీగను చూస్తున్నది. దాని ఆకులు రాలుతున్నాయి. అందుచేత తన రోజులు కూడా లెక్కింప బడుతున్నాయి అనుకొంది. ఆ చివరి ఆకులు రాలిపోతే తానుకూడా చనిపోతాననుకొంది. Behrman ఈ విషయం విన్నాడు. Johnsy యొక్క అభిప్రాయంతో అతడు ఏకీభవించలేదు.

ఆ రాత్రి ఒక్క ఆకు మాత్రమే ఉంది. Johnsy అన్నది, ‘ఆకు ఆ రాత్రి రాలిపోతుంది. తెల్లవారేసరికి తాను కూడా చనిపోతాను”, అని అన్నది. అలా కాదు అని Sue అన్నది. డాక్టరు వచ్చాడు. Johnsy పూర్తిగా ఆరోగ్యంగా ఉన్నది అన్నాడు. ఆ చివరి ఆకు రాలిపోలేదు. అక్కడే వ్రేలాడుతున్నది. ఆమెకు ధైర్యం వచ్చింది. డాక్టరు, Behrman చనిపోయాడని చెప్పాడు. Sue, బెహర్మన్ ఆ చివరి ఆకును, చిత్రించాడని అది Johnsy ప్రాణాన్ని రక్షించిందని తెలిపింది. ఆ Last Leaf అనునది Behrman యొక్క Master piece అయి యున్నది. అతడు చలిగాలి, వర్షంతో ఆ చివరి ఆకును చిత్రించాడు. ఆయన యొక్క చిత్రణ అనగా ఆ ఆకు ఆమె ప్రాణాన్ని రక్షించింది గనుక అది Master piece.

(b) The narrator said “Nature came to my rescue in an unexpected manner”. How did nature help the narrator get rid of his troubles?
Answer:
Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan was an Indo-Anglian writer. He wrote novels and short stories and got a great fame in the whole world. ‘Engine Trouble’ is an interesting short story.

The narrator¹ won a road engine in a lottery, for a ticket purchased² for two annas. He was happy that he got a big road engine which would bring him great fortune³. The engine was at the Gymkhana grounds and it has to be moved from that place. The Municipal authorities urged⁴ him to shift it. He paid rent for three months but it was burdensome⁵ for him and his family. He wanted to sell it. Nobody came forward to buy it.

The narrator firmly⁶ believed that one day it would make him rich. He requested some of the drivers to drive the engine but of no use⁷. There was a bargain with the secretary of a local club. The Municipal Chairman also expressed his helplessness⁸. The temple priest accepted to send the temple elephant to drag⁹ it. Fifty coolies at the rate of eight annas a day (half a rupee) got ready to push the engine from behind. The road engine had to be moved for half a furlong from the place.

The elephant was dragging the engine, the coolies were pushing^1o from behind, and Joseph the driver was in the driver’s seat. A huge crowd¹¹ gathered there. As a result of confused dragging by the elephant, the driver Joseph and coolies in their own way. The engine went straight to the opposite wall and smashed¹² it. The difficulties of the narrator were multiplied¹³.

The dynamic world showed a way out. To his luck, a Swamiji arranged a yoga feat. He said that he would be ready to have the engine over his chest. But he needed a road engine and asked Municipal Chairmen for it. He didn’t have it. Then the narrator said that he had it. Are everything was ready to move the engine. The Swamiji’s assistant would drive the engine. Suddenly at this moment, a police officer came and stopped the show, there was no other go, for the narrator except to leave the town.

Luckily for him an earthquake hit the area. There was much damage¹⁴. Even the big Road Engine was moved into a discused well nearby. The owner of the house was very happy. The municipal authorities asked him to close it down. The engine fitted well like a cork. The owner accepted to construct the compound wall himself and also promised to pay all the expenditure, he had in that affair. When luck plucks, no one checks¹⁵. Loss to many by the earthquake, became a gain to the narrator.

1. కథను చెబుతున్న వ్యక్తి
2. కొనెను
3. అదృష్టము
4. ఒత్తిడి చేసెను
5. భారము
6. బలంగా
7. ప్రయోజనము లేని
8. నిస్సహాయత
9. లాగుట
10. వెనుక నుండి నెట్టుట
11. పెద్ద గుంపు
12. నాశనము చేసెను
13. రెట్టింపయ్యెను
14. నష్టము
15. అదృష్టము కలిసొస్తే ఎవరూ ఆపలేరు.

రాశీపురం కృష్ణస్వామి నారాయణ్ అనువారు Indo-Anglian రచయిత. అయన నవలలు, చిన్న కథలు వ్రాసి, ప్రపంచంలో ప్రసిద్ధికెక్కారు. Engine Trouble అనునది ఆకర్షణీయమైన చిన్న కథ.

2 అణాలకు కొన్న ఒక లాటరీ టికెట్టు ద్వారా, ఈ కథకుడు ఒక రోడ్డు ఇంజను పొందాడు. ఆ పెద్ద ఇంజను అతనికి గొప్ప అదృష్టం తెచ్చిపెడుతుందని అతడు చాలా సంతోషంగా ఉండెను. ఆ ఇంజను జింఖానా గ్రౌండులో ఉండెను. దానిని అక్కడి నుండి కదపాలి. మున్సిపల్ అధికారులు, దానిని అక్కడ నుండి కదుపవలసినదిగా ఒత్తిడి చేశారు. మూడునెలలు దానికి అద్దె కట్టాడు గానీ అది భారంగా ఉండెను. దానిని అమ్మాలని అనుకొన్నాడు. ఎవరూ ముందుకు రాలేదు.

ఆ కథకుడు, తాను ఏదో ఒకనాడు అది ధనవంతుణ్ణి చేస్తుంది అనుకొన్నాడు. కొంతమంది డ్రైవర్లను అడిగినా వారు దానిని కదపలేదు. స్థానిక క్లబ్ సెక్రటరీతో సంప్రదించాడు. మున్సిపాలిటీ చైర్మన్ కూడా తన అశక్తతను ప్రకటించారు. దానిని లాగడానికి, దేవాలయ అర్చకుడు, దేవాలయ ఏనుగును పంపడానికి అంగీకరించాడు. 50 మంది కూలీలు రోజుకు 8 అణాలు (అర్ధరూపాయి) చొప్పున సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నారు. ఆ ఇంజను అక్కడి నుండి అరఫర్లాంగు దూరం కదలాలి.

ఏనుగు ఇంజనును లాగుతోంది, కూలీలు వెనుకనుండి నెట్టుతున్నారు. డ్రైవరు జోసఫ్ డ్రైవరు సీటులోనున్నాడు. పెద్దగుంపుగా ప్రజలు చేరారు. ఆ ఏనుగు కంగారుపడి తన ఇష్టము వచ్చినట్లు లాగింది. ఎదురుగా ఉన్న ఇంటి కాంపౌండు గోడకు తగిలి దానిని నాశనం చేసింది. కథకుని కష్టాలు పెరిగినాయి. అప్పుడు ఎంతో డబ్బు ఖర్చుపెట్టాలి.

ఈ ప్రపంచం మారుతూ వుంటుంది. అది ఒక మార్గం చూపింది. అదృష్టవశాత్తు ఒక స్వామీజీ ఒక యోగా కార్యక్రమం చేస్తున్నాడు. ఆ ఇంజనును తన గుండె మీద నడిపించగలనన్నాడు. ప్రతి విధమైన పని ముగించబడింది. స్వామీజీ యొక్క సహయకుడు ఇంజన్ను నడుపుతాడు. సరిగా అదే సమయంలో ఒక పోలీసు అధికారి వచ్చి దానిని ఆపివేశాడు. ఊరు విడచి వెళ్లడం తప్ప గత్యంతరం లేదు.

అదృష్టవశాత్తు ఒక భూకంపం వచ్చింది. చాలా నష్టం జరిగింది. ఆ పెద్ద ఇంజన్ కూడా ఎదురు ఇంటిలో ఉన్న పనికిరాని నూతిలో పడిపోయింది. ఆ ఇంటి యజమాని చాలా సంతోషించాడు. మున్సిపల్ అధికారులు దానిని మూసివేయమని తాకీదులు పంపారు. ఆ ఇంజన్ సరిగ్గా సరిపోయింది. తన కాంపౌండు గోడను తానే కడతానని, మరియు అప్పటివరకు అతనికి ఖర్చు తాను ఇస్తానని అంగీకరించాడు. అదృష్టం కలిసివస్తే ఎవ్వరూ ఆపలేరు. భూకంపం వలన ఎంతో మందికి నష్టము గానీ కథకునికి అది లాభదాయకమైనది.

(c) Why did Vijaya panic? Describe her reaction and anxiety about the missing of her son who had not returned home from college?
Answer:
P. Satyavathi is a noted Telugu writer. She produced a lot of Telugu stories and got reputation¹ with her prize winners stories. Her stories go round the lives of women and are very interesting with humour² and anxiety. The story is translated into English by Y. Padmavathi.

Modern changes in life style have brought a lot of changes in thinking. Invention of Television, made a notable³ change in our daily life. Women sit before this small machine hours together and are accustomed⁴ to follow the stories, serials and other programmes. They include horror⁵, envy⁶, revenge⁷ and so on. Women are habituated to think about these serials and are anxious to know the conclusion. Savitramma is the grandmother of Vijaya. Vijaya’s son is studying B.Tech. One day the boy did not return home, after the college hours.

Vijaya’s anxiety grew hour by hour. She had watched many episodes⁸ on the screen of the T.V. There were many stories running in her mind. Accidents while riding a motorbike, Laptop snatching by robbers and ultimate^1o fightings, comments on the girl friend at a birthday party, and ultimate death in the river fightings while swimming, cricket betting problems and several other incidents come into her mind. She was helpless¹¹. It was late in the night and the boy had not turned up. She did not take food not even a glass of water. The grandmother was trying to comfort her. The mother was in panic¹².

Vijaya was thinking in the negative¹³ side only. Her mind was fully dumped¹⁴ with similar events exhibited on the screen of the T.V. The grandmother was remembering similar experiences in her life and was trying to bring some solace¹⁵. Vijaya was recollecting the occasions in which she suggested the boy not to go in for anybody’s rescue. This idea was not acceptable to grandmother. She said that there should be compassion in one’s life. They were anxious but the boy did not come, even the next morning. The author did not tell about the boy’s return. It is not known whether the boy will come or not.

1. గౌరవము
2. హాస్యము
3. గమనింపదగిన
4. అలవాటుపడెను
5. భయోత్పాతము
6. అసూయ
7. ప్రతీకారము
8. భాగములు
9. లాగుకొనుట
10. తరువాతి
11. నిస్సహాయ స్థితి
12. భయోత్పాతము
13. వ్యతిరేకమైన
14. నింపెను
15. ఓదార్పు.

పి. సత్యవతి గారు పేరుపొందిన తెలుగు రచయిత. ఆమె చాలా సంఖ్యలో తెలుగులో కథలు వ్రాసి, ప్రైజులు పొంది గొప్ప గౌరవము సంపాదించారు. ఆమె కథలు ఆడవారి జీవితాల చుట్టూ నడుస్తాయి. అవి హాస్యము మరియు ఆతురత అను లక్షణములు కలిగియుంటాయి. వై. పద్మావతి గారు దీనిని ఇంగ్లీషులోనికి తర్జుమా చేశారు.

జీవిత విధానములో ఆధునిక మార్పు, వేరైన ఆలోచనా ధోరణిని తెచ్చిపెట్టినది. T.V. ని కనిపెట్టడం మన నిత్యజీవితంలో గొప్ప మార్పు తెచ్చిపెట్టింది. స్త్రీలు ఈ చిన్న పెట్టె ముందు గంటల తరబడి కూర్చుండి, ఆ కథలను, సీరియల్స్ను మరియు ఇతర ప్రోగ్రామ్లు చూడడానికి అలవాటయ్యారు. అవి భయోత్పాతము, అసూయ, పగ తీర్చుకొనుట మొదలైనవి కలిసియుంటాయి. స్త్రీలు ఈ కార్యక్రమాలను, ధారావాహికలను చూడడానికి అలవాటుపడి, వారి ముగింపు తెలుసుకొనడానికి ఎక్కువ ఆతురత కలిగియుంటారు. సీతారావమ్మ అను ఆమె విజయగారి అమ్మమ్మ అయియున్నది. విజయ కుమారుడు B.Tech చదువుతున్నాడు. ఒకరోజున ఆ అబ్బాయి మామూలుగా కాలేజి తరువాత వచ్చే విధంగా రాలేదు.

విజయగారి ఆతురత గంట గంటకు పెరుగుతోంది. ఆమె T.V. తెరపై అనేక కథాభాగాలు చూసింది. ఆమె మనసులో అనేక కథలు మెదులుతున్నాయి. మోటారు సైకిలు నడుపుట, ల్యాప్ట్యాప్ లాగివేయుట అనంతరం యుద్ధాలు, పుట్టిన రోజు పార్టీలో స్నేహితురాలి మీద కామెంట్లు చేయుట, ఈదుతూ నదిలో మునిగిపోవుట, క్రికెట్ బెట్టింగు సమస్యలు, అలాంటి అనేక ఇతర సమస్యలు ఆమె మనసులోకి వచ్చాయి. ఆమె నిస్సహాయస్థితిలో ఉంది. గడియారం చూసింది. చాలా ప్రొద్దుపోయింది కానీ ఆ అబ్బాయి రాలేదు. ఆమె అన్నం తినలేదు. గ్లాసు నీళ్లు కూడా త్రాగలేదు. అమ్మమ్మ ఆమెను ఓదార్చడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తోంది. తల్లి భయోత్పాతంలో ఉంది.

విజయ వ్యతిరేకంగానే ఆలోచిస్తున్నది. T.V. తెరమీద చూపబడిన, అలాంటి భయంకరమైన దృశ్యాలే కనబడుతున్నాయి. అమ్మమ్మ తన జీవితంలోని ఇలాంటి అనుభవాలను గుర్తుచేసికొంటున్నారు. మరియు ఆమెకు ఓదార్పు కొరకు ప్రయత్నిస్తోంది. ఎవరికి సహాయానికి వెళ్లవద్దు అని తాను చెప్పిన సలహాను విజయ గుర్తుచేసికొంటోంది. ఈ విషయము అమ్మమ్మకు నచ్చలేదు. ఒక మనిషి జీవితంలో సానుభూతి ఉండాలి అంటున్నది. వారు చాలా ఆతురత పడుతున్నారు. కానీ ఆ అబ్బాయి మరుసటి ఉదయం కూడా రాలేదు. రచయిత్రి ఆ అబ్బాయి తిరిగి రావడం గురించి చెప్పలేదు. ఆ అబ్బాయి వస్తాడా, రాడా అనేది తెలియదు.

Section – B

VI. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. (5 × 1 = 5)

Many people think of bees simply as a summertime nuisance. But these small and hardworking insects actually make it possibLe for many of your favourite foods to reach your table. From apples to almonds to the pumpkin in our pumpkin pies, we have bees to thank. Now, a condition known as Colony Collapse Disorder is causing be populations to plummet, which means these foods are also at risk, in the United States alone, more than 25 percent of the managed honey bee population has disappeared since 1990. Researchers think this Colony Collapse Disorder may be caused by Global warming, Pesticide use and Habitat loss. Bees are one of a myriad of other animals, including birds, bats, beetles and butterflies called pollinators. Pollinators transfer pollen and seeds from one flower to another, fertilizing the plant so it can grow and produce food. Cross – pollination helps at least 30 percent of the worlds crops and 90 percent of our wild plants to thrive. Without bees to spread seeds, many plants — including food crops — would die off.

Questions:

Question 1.
Who are called pollinators?
Answer:
Bats, Beetles, Butterflies and birds are called pollinators.

Question 2.
What do people generally think about bees?
Answer:
As a summer time nuisance.

Question 3.
How does cross pollination help in making fruits?
Answer:
30 percent of the world’s crops and 90 percent of our wild plants thrive.

Question 4.
Name any one cause of Colony Collapse Disorder.
Answer:
Global warming, Pesticides use and Habitat at loss.

Question 5.
The word ‘plummet means:
a) drastic fall
b) a fruit
C) uprise
Answer:
a) drastic fall

VII. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questións that follow. (5 × 1 = 5)

Ministry of Human Resource Development under its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology has initiated the National Digital Library of India (NDL India) pilot project to develop a framework of virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find out the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDL India is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for leading Indian languages (currently Hindi and Bengali). It is being arranged to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all opular form of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is being developed to help students to prepare for entrance and competitive examination, to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. The pilot project is devising a framework that is being scaled up with respect to content volume and diversity to serve all levels and disciplines of learners. It is being developed at IIT Kharagpur.

Questions:

Question 1.
What is the passage about?
Answer:
Educational through Information and Communication Technology.

Question 2.
NDL means.
Answer:
National Digital Library of India.

Question 3.
Which languages does NDL support currently?
Answer:
Hindi and Bengali.

Question 4.
Find a word from the passage that means ‘search.
Answer:
Exploration.

Question 5.
Who has developed the pilot project of the NDL?
Answer:
Ministry of Human Resource Development.

Section – C

Note: The answers to questions in this section should be written at one place in the answer book separately. The entire section should be answered in one stretch and not mixed with other sections.

VIII. Fillintheblankswitha,anorthe. (6 × ½ = 3)

(a) God created ……….. man.
Answer:
the

(b) He feels as if he were ………. Kalidasa.
Answer:
a

(C) ……….. Himalayas are in the north of India.
Answer:
The

(d) Tripura is in ……….. North East of India.
Answer:
the

(e) He is ……….. European.
Answer:
a

(f) Ramanujan is ……….. honest judge.
Answer:
an

IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. (6 × ½ = 3)

(a) Ramayana was written ………… Valmiki.
Answer:
by

(b) Please refrain ………. drinking Alcohol.
Answer:
from

(c) John wanted his son to keep away ……… bad company.
Answer:
from

(d) The trees here are beautiful ………. the summer.
Answer:
in

(e) Krishna is ……… Rukmini and SatyaBhama.
Answer:
between

(f) He poured milk …….. the cup.
Answer:
into/in

X. Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verbs given in the brackets. (5 × 1 = 5)

(a) What ………………… snakes eat. (do)
Answer:
do

(b) I …….. busy painting last night. (be)
Answer:
was

(c) We ………. our breakfast half an hour ago. (finish)
Answer:
finished

(d) If she passes the examn, she ……… very happy. (be)
Answer:
will be

(e) Hurry up ! We ……… for you.
Answer:
are waiting/have been waiting

(f) When I arrived at the cinemahall, the film ……… (start)
Answer:
had started

XI. Rewrite the sentences as directed. (5 × 1 = 5)

a) They locked the house. (Change the voice)
Answer:
The house was locked by them.

b) She said “I can swim”. (Change into Indirected Speech)
Answer:
She said that she could swim.

c) Money is more Liquid than gold. (Change into Positive Degree)
Answer:
Gold is not as much liquid as money.

d) Unless you work hard. You will fail. (Use if- not)
Answer:
If you do not work hard you will fail.

e) Be quiet. (Add a Question Tag)
Answer:
Be quiet, will you?

XII. Rewrite the following sentences correcting the underlined part. The entire sentence must be written. (5 × 1 = 5)

a) The book and the work book is placed here.
Answer:
The book and the workbook are placed here.

b) The furniture of this room are made of teak.
Answer:
The furniture of this room is made of teak.

c) The iron is a useful metal.
Answer:
Iron is a useful metal.

d) Giridhar agreed to go to Delhi and stay these for two months.
Answer:
Giridhar agree on going to Delhi and stay there for two months.

e) I am working in this office since 2012.
Answer:
I have been working in this office since 2012.

XIII. Use ANY THREE of the following phrasal verbs in your own sentences. (3 × 1 = 3)

a) Pickup
Answer:
Pick up : Kiran picks up the children from school.

b) Bear with
Answer:
Bear with : We have to bear with the difficulties if we want to win.

c) Set off
Answer:
Set off : The flight will set off at 7.0 P.M.

d) Look up
Answer:
Look up : Look up the word in the dictionary.

e) figure out
Answer:
Figure out : He is very clever. He figures out the clue.

f) come in
Answer:
Come in : Finally, the officer, comes in at the end.

XIV Identify the silent consonants in the following words. (6 × ½ = 3)

a) debt
Answer:
b

b) Scythe
Answer:
c

c) Psalm
Answer:
p

d) pawn
Answer:
w

e) depot
Answer:
t

f) knit
Answer:
k

XV. Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words. (6 × 1/2 = 3)

a) He prefers milk to tea.
Answer:
Verb

b) The doctor is in the clinic.
Answer:
Preposition

c) He doesn’t want to go with his friend.
Answer:
Pronoun

d) She walks slowly.
Answer:
Adverb

e) There were a lot of ifs in the insuraing.
Answer:
Noun

f) Oh ! What a tall boy he was!
Answer:
Interjection

XVI. Match the words in Column ‘A with their meanings/definitions in Column ‘B’. (6 × ½ = 3)

Answer:
1) f
2) g
3) h
4) e
5) a
6) b

XVII. Read the pie-chart of balanced diet and convert it into a paragraph. (1 × 5 = 5)

Answer:
This pie chart shows the balanced diet particulars. There are different food items with their value of proteins in percentage. A person has to select the food items and make them equivalent to 100 percent. Fruits and vegetables have the balance of 25% and 11%. Bread, rice and other starely material shares 35% to 39%. Meat fish, eggs non-dairy source of protein come under the range from 10% and milk and dairy foods get 15%. Thus one has to select the food stuff and make a complete balanced diet.

OR

The number of students in five different classes is like this. 150 students in 8^th class, 120 9^th class, 170 in 10^th class, 100 in 11^th class and 110 in 12^th class. Represent this data on the bar graph.
Answer:

XVIII. Read the following transcriptions and write ANY FIVE words in ordinary spellings. (5 × 1 = 5)

a. /kɅridz/
Answer:
courage

b. /teǝ:k/
Answer:
talk

c. /hæpit/
Answer:
happy

d. /mlaðǝ (r)/
Answer:
mother

e. /li:dǝ(r)/
Answer:
leader

f. /ǝ:də (r)/
Answer:
order

g. /mǝedzistreit/
Answer:
magistrate

h. /p3:Pǝs/
Answer:
purpose

i. /Pi:pl/
Answer:
people

j. /ti:tsǝ (r)/
Answer:
teacher

OR

Find the word that is different from the other words in the group with regard to the sound of the underlined letters:

a. pitch search chloroform
Answer:
chloroform

b. Occasion Location moist
Answer:
moist

c. Success Surgeon Shop
Answer:
shop

d. Cat Car Cal
Answer:
cell

e. mute muscle muslim
Answer:
mute

XIX. Write the number of syllables for ANY SIX of the following words: (6 × ½ = 3)

a. to day
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

b. character
Answer:
Trisyllabic
(3 syllables)

c. revive
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

d. burnt
Answer:
Monosyllabic
(one syllabic)

e. amputate
Answer:
Polysyllabic
(4 syllables)

f. civil
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

g. congratulate
Answer:
Polysyllabic
(4 syllables)

h. weather
Answer:
Disyllabic
(2 syllables)

i. strange
Answer:
Monosyllabic
(one syllabic)

j. good
Answer:
Monosyllabic
(one syllabic)

XX. Complete the following dialogue: (4 × 1 = 4)

Venu : Hi ! Love to see you again!
Anand : Me too …….. I need your ______.
Venu : My advice? Surely. Just tell me what ________
Anand : My hair is unhealthy because all of the split ends. It’s also fallen down.
Venu : Do you often get hair spray?
Anand : Yes I do, Just a couple of weeks ago, I had many dancing performances, so I had to get much _________
Venu : You must use conditioner to maintain your hair healthy. Ok, now I’ll wash your hair and put on some _____.
Anand : Is it possible for coloring after this treatment?
Venu : Why not? You can do it.
Anand : Okay. No problem.
Answer:
Venu : Hi! Love to see you again!
Anand : Me too …….. I need your ____.
Answer: to give some advice
Venu : My advice? Surely. Just tell me what _____
Answer: advoice can I give you?
Anand : My hair is unhealthy because all of the split ends. It’s also fallen down.
Venu : Do you often get hair spray?
Anand : Yes I do, Just a couple of weeks ago, I had many dancing performances, so I had to get much ____
Ans. hair spray
Venu : You must use conditioner to maintain your hair healthy. Ok, now I’ll wash your hair and put on some_
Answer: colour
Anand : Is it possible for coloring after this treatment?
Venu : Why not? You can do it.
Anand : Okay. No problem.

Thoroughly analyzing TS Inter 1st Year Political Science Model Papers Set 5 with Solutions helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses.

TS Inter 1st Year Political Science Model Paper Set 5 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 100

Section-A
3 x 10 = 30 Marks

Note: Answer any THREE of the following questions In not exceeding 40 lines each. Each question cames 10 Marks.

Question 1.
Write about the importance of Political Science.
Answer:
Introduction: Political Science is a premier social science. It is mainly concerned with the study of the state in its relation with Society, Citizens, Associations, and the world at large. Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Political Science. He wrote famous book THE POLITICS”.

Meaning: The word politics is derived from the ancient Greek word “POLIS’ meaning city. State and polity from Poletieia’s meaning government of constitution. Politics came to mean the study of state and government and the Institutions of the state.

Definitions: Political Scientists gave various definitions, on Political Science. They are as follows:

1. J.W. GARNER: “Political Science begins and Ends with the State”.
2. R.G. GETTLE: “Political Science is” The historical investigation of the state in the past, an analytical study of the state of present and what the state ought to be in the future”.
3. ROBERT DAHL: “Political Science is the Scientific study of importance of power, Authority and influence.”

The political science helps to bring out certain changes in the political system and also suggests solutions for the political problems. It also helps to promote good citizenship and formation of responsible government susceptible to public opinion.
1. Political Science explains concepts and theories: Political. Science studies the relations between the individual, society and state. It helps to protect the liberty and freedom of the individuals. Study of Political Science aids to know the political theories, concepts and ethical principles useful for the creation of a progressive society.

2. Political Science examines forms and organs of the government: The study of Political Science enhances the knowledge of the systems of government. It details about monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, dictatorship and other forms of government. It speaks about the organs of the government like legislature, executive and judiciary, their functions and inter-relations.

3. Political Science enlightens on rights and duties:
Rindamental rights are essential for the people to lead a good life in a political society. The observations made in Political Science help to enlighten the citizens about their respective rights and duties all their pros and cons to contribute for a good citizenship.

4. Political Science provides knowledge of the political thinkers: The study of Political Science provides knowledge of the
political thinkers and theories which had influenced the world in different times. There were many political theories, which became popular in different times. The philosophers like Rousseau and Volasire laid the foundations for French Revolution through their works. In the same way, the writings of Karl Marx led to a revolution in Russia and the ideas of Mao led to a revolutionary trend in China. Mahatma Gandhi provided constructive political leadership to Indian freedom struggle. The study of political science educates about political thinkers.

5. Political science deals with International Relations: The significance of the Political Science gradually increased as many Sovereign independent countries joined the world political system.

It speaks about the inevitable cooperation between different countries. The international relations as a network became very important due to the Industrial Revolution, and its effects. Modernisation, technological development and transport facilities led to formation of regional groups between neighboring countries resulting in growing importance of international relations. Study of Political Science enlightens about all these subjects in detail.

6. Political Science explains world organisations: The United Nations Organisation has been putting continuous efforts to promote peace, cooperation and friendship among nations of the world. Its agencies are spread throughout the world undertaking various activities for the dcvelopment of human kind. Political Science acquaints us with all these matters.

Question 2.
What are the differences between State & Society?
Answer:
Differences between State and Society:

State	Society
1. State is a political organization.	1. Society is a social organization.
2. Whereas the state has its own fixed tempory and limits.	2. Society does not have definite territorial boundaries.
3. The state has a definite government.	3. Society does not have any legal and prescribed organization.
4. State possesses the power of compulsion. Disobedience to its laws is followed by punishment.	4. Society does not enjoy the power compulsion. Disobedience to its principles is not followed by any physical punishment.
5. State alone has sovereignty.	5. Society does not possess It operates through the instruments of compulsion and coercion. It uses force to implement its. laws and policies.
6. State is not a natural organization. It is an artificial institution. Its membership is compulsory for Individuals.	6. Society is a voluntary and natural organization. Individuals acquire its membership on discretionary basis.
7. State is an important part of society. It refers only to the politically organized portion of society.	7. Society is wider than the state. Society is the complex of social relations formed and developed through various groups and associations.
8. State derives its strength mainly from laws and the constitution.	8. Society derives its strength from customs, conventions and traditions.
9. State regulates only the external relation of men in society. State formulates niles in this regard.	9. Society controls both internal and external activities of tie individual. Society regulates all forms of social conduct.
10. State is a developed form of social organization, it is created from society.	10. Society is a bigger one. State is just a part of it. Society comes first. It is prior to the state. Man by nature is a social being.
11. State may not be permanent. It may disappear It may be forcibly occupied by another state.	11. Society is permanent. It continues forever.
12. The law sand rules of state are definite and clear. They are made by the legislature.	12. The rules of the society are not so clear They are generally ambiguous and vague. They are based on customs and conventions.
13. Laws of state are uniform. The punishments which are imposed upon the individual for violating the laws are same.	13. Rules of society are not uniform. The rules of one group may be different from those of another group on the same matter. Similarly, different social groups have different punishments for violating the same rule.

Question 3.
Define Nationality Explain the essential elements of Nationality.
Answer:
Introduction: The concepts of Nation and Nationality have become important components in the domain of International Relations and political science respectively. Both inspired the people of several countries with patriotic feeling prior to the two world wars. The Events that took place in the erstwhile Soviet Union, ethnic Riots between serbians and croatians in the former Yugoslavia, the unification of East and west Germanies, the peace talks between Israel and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) on West Asia etc., reflect the serious concern of the people for realising Nationality and Nation States.

Meaning: The Word “NationTM is derived from a latin word “NATIO” which means “BORN” (BIRTH) or ‘Common Descent”.

Definitions:

1. R.G. Gettle: “Nationality is a population having the common bonds of Race, Language, Religion, Traditions and History.
2. J.H. Rose: “Nationality is a union of Hearts once made and never unmade’.
3. J.W Garner: “Nationality is a group or portion of population which is united by Racial and other bonds”.

Essential Elements of Nationality:
1. Purity of Race: Racial purity helps in the formation and strengthening of the idea of Nationality. Race is a physical phenomenon. It depends on certain distinctions of skin!, stature, hair, complexion, etc. These distinctions serve as a cementing bond among the members of a group.

But we should remember that common race is not an indispensable factor in the growth of Nationality. Modern races are so mixed that none of them can claim to be pure. Pure races have disappeared because of wars and migrations. Racial purity is now a myth only. Ex: Canada and United states have transformed into single nations inspite of their racial diversities in their respective populations. Similarly, Australia and Britain are two distinct Nations although they belong to one racial stock.

2. Common Language: Language plays a key role in the promotion of nationality The philosophers and scientists said that common language is essential for the development of nationality. Language is a medium to express all their feelings. It helps to express ones ownselves to have cordial relations and to share the miseries and happiness in a group languages also promotes common feelings and traditions. Common language promotes the feeling of oneness and keeps the entire race on single track.

3. Common Religion: Religion is one important factor to strengthen rationality. There are many instances when people of different nationalities with common religion remain citizens in the same state. For instance, the main, reason for the partition: of Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947 lies in the religion.

4. Geographical Unity: Geographical unity is necessary for the emergence of nationality. Nationality sentiments prevail and develop among the people living in a single geographical area. The people residing in such an area love, and worship their country and make sacrifices for the sake of their motherland. People, who belong to one religion, converse the same language, same race living in a geographical area inculcate and improve their nationality sentiments.

The formation of Israel in 1946 was purely due to the feelings of the hitherto wandering Jewish people to live in a single geographical area. Hence their desire of live in a territory made them united. This ultimately transformed them as patriotic persons.

5. Common History: Common History is considered as an impoitant element of Nationality. It invokes an inspiration among the people and binds them together. Some historical incidents may give a chance to the people to develop national sentiments. Ex: Indians have learnt the lessons of Nationalism from the British legacy.

6. Common Culture: Culture in its broad sense means a way of life. It is reflected through certain common elements like dress, customs, conventions, food habits, religious beliefs, ethical values etc. They easily develop into a single Nation. These elements bind the people together and hold together.

7. Common Political aspirations: Nationality sentiments prevail and develop among the people having common political aspirations. The political ideas, conventions and institutions which were formed due to the single political rule will have a considerable impact and influence over the people. For instance, the Swiss people love very much their direct democratic devices in political matters.

Similarly, the Americans express the feeling of worship towards their constitution. The British people also feel proud of their political and judicial institutions like rule of law, parliamentary democracy and judicial review etc.

8. Common Economicties: This element of nationality has been stressed by ‘Karl Marx’. Since then onwards the importance of this element has been increasing. The Russians have great regard for their economic system, even though there exist diversities. Their unflinching love for socialism inspired nationalism among them. They successfully repulsed the attacks of Germany during the Second World War. Thus the common economic ties made them united and integrated them into a nation.

Question 4.
Define Liberty and describe various types of Liberty.
Answer:
Introduction: The concept of Liberty is of great significance in the study of political science. Liberty is an essential condition without which man cannot develop his personality. It became a source of inspiration to the millions of the people living all over the world.
Meaning: The term liberty is derived from the Latin word ‘LIBER which means free from restrictions.
Definitions: Liberty is defined in many ways by different political thinkers. Some of them are cited below:

1. ‘liberty means the absence of restraints’. – JR. Seeley
2. “Liberty is the freedom of an individual to express without any external hindrance to his personality”. – G.D.H. Cole
3. “Liberty means the positive power of doing or enjoying something worth doing or enjoying”. – TH. Green
4. “Liberty is the eager maintenance of that atmosphere in which men have the opportunity to be at their best selves”. – H.J. Laski

Types of Liberty: Liberty is of different types. Some of them may be described in the following:

1. Natural liberty
2. Civil liberty
3. Economic liberty
4. Political liberty
5. National liberty

1. Natural liberty: Natural liberty is understood as uncontrolled freedom or absolute freedom. It is believed that natural liberty existed in the pre-social and pre-state human life. According to this concept there were no rules and regulations except the laws of nature in the past.

All persons were free to do anything according to their will and capacity. But this type of liberty is not possible in civilised society. since liberty is a social condition. True liberty does not inconvenience others. Uberty is not a licence. Natural liberty is equal to anarchy. The weak cannot enjoy liberty without law. Some writers imagined that this kind of liberty existed before the origin of state.

2. Clvii liberty: Civil liberty is also known as personal liberty. It relates to the individual’s freedom in his life as a member of the social organisation. it is enjoyed by the individuals in the society. Civil liberty is the essential pre-requisite to the existence and survival of human beings. It enables them to lead happy, honourable and civilised life in the state. So it is a must to every one. The state recognises the various freedoms of individuals. In this regard Gettle said thus “Civil liberty is the group of rights recognised and implem’ented by the state”.

The constitution of the America and the India have incorporated civil liberty in the form of fundamental rights. Civil liberty is manifested in several rights.

These include:

• Right to Life
• Right to Work
• Right to Property
• Right to Religion
• Right to Speech, Expression, Assembly, Movement and Residence etc.

3. Economic liberty: Economic liberty means the right of everyone to earn his livelihood. L.aski described economic liberty as the security and opportunity to find reasonabLe significance in earning one’s daily bread; Economic lib&ty ensures everyone freedom from want and fear, hunger and starvation, unemployment and insufficiency. Economic liberty denotes freedom from want or insecurity of economic nature. Without economic liberty democracy is meaningless.

It will also be secured by adopting the following measures.

• Provision of minimum wages.
• Guarantee of the right to work.
• Protecting the workers from unemployment, sickness, and other types of insecurity.
• Providing adequate Leisure.
• Giving representation to the workers in the management of the industries.

4. Political liberty: Political liberty facilitates the citizens to take part in the political affairs of the state. Laski regarded political liberty as the power to be active in the affairs of the state. Gilchrist considered that political liberty is synonymous with democracy. Leacock described political liberty as constitutional liberty or liberty to choose one’s own government. Political liberty is confined to the citizens alone. It is positive in nature. Political liberty provides several rights in political matters.

These include:

• right to vote,
• right to contest as candidates in elections,
• right to hold public office,
• right to criticism etc.

Laski emphasised that political liberty becomes real when there prevails

• education
• honest and impartial press etc.

Political liberty will be realized only in a democratic system.

5. National liberty: National liberty implies the freedom an independence of the state. It also denotes the sovereignty of the state. Every state enjoys this liberty and remains free from the political domination of othêr states. This liberty is essential for the progress of nation in all spheres. It was manifested in several countries since ancient period. Many countries made efforts for securing this type of liberty. The Greeks fought a war of independence against the Turks.

Similarly, the Indian masses under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi waged a non-violent struggle to secure national freedom from the British rule. National liberty is very valuable. Great leaders like Thomas Jefferson emphasised the significance of national liberty.

Question 5.
What is Democracy? Explain its merits and demerits.
Answer:
Democracy is an important and most significant form of government. The term Democracy’ is derived from two Greek words namely ‘Demos and ‘Kratio”. In greek language Demos means the people and Kratio means power. Hence Democracy means power of the people.

Definitions of Democracy :
Abraham Lincoln: “ Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people”. – J.R. Seeley: “Democracy is a government in which everyone has a share.”

Merits of Democracy: In modern world almost every state has choose the Democracy because of its merits. So, here we mentioned the merits of the Democracy.
1. Efficient form of Government: In democracy, the representatives of the people will run the administration on efficient lines. As they are responsible and responsive to the people, they always make laws and implement them by consulting various administrative experts and eminent leaders. They also try to minimize the expenditure of the government by following simplicity and economy in administration. The administrative and executive personnel will be recruited on the basis of merit, efficiency, experience and their service will be utilized in implementing various public welfare programmes.

2. Upholds Individual Liberties: It is only in democracy that the liberties of individuals can be guaranteed to a great extent. Citizens living in democracy enjoy a great amount of liberty. Their rights, liberties and freedoms are incorporated in and guaranteed by a written constftution. Any attempt made to take away or confiscate ones liberties are forbidden. The various courts preserve, protect and promote individual liberties through their interpretation and analysis of different provisions of the constitution.

3. Importance to Equality: Democracy gives preference to equality. Democracy provides equal rights and liberties to all citizens a like in political, economic, and social matters. It opposes the practice of untouchability, bonded labour and discrimination on the grounds of religion, region, language, birth, etc.

4. Political awareness: Democracy is a large scale experiment in Public education or political awareness. Election campaigns give education to the masses. At the time of election, the canvassing through press and platform enlightens the mind of the electorate.

5. Promotes Patriotism: Democracy promotes patriotic feelings among the people. People get several opportunities in selecting and electing their representatives to various bodies. They feel conscious and proud in participating in the working of the democratic institutions in a perfect manner. They show enthusiasm by extending their cooperation and support to the nation at the times of crisis. This is evident in the case of Indians during the Chinese and Pakistani invasions at the borders on several occasions.

6. Democracy serves as a school of citizenship: One more advantage of democracy is that it serves as a training school of citizenship. In democracy right to vote, right to contest, right to criticize the government and other political rights make the citizens politically trained in citizenship and other matters.

7. Democracy inculcates moral values: Democracy promotes a better and higher standard of natural character than any other government what ever. It teaches cooperation, responsibility, toleration, and self-sacrifice. According to Lowell “the best government in the long run is the one that nurtures a people strong in moral fiber, integrity, industry, self-reliance and courage”.

8. Democracy gives Preference to public opinion: In fact, Democracy is the real representative of the Public opinion. According to Hearen Shaw, “Democracy ties a nerve to every individual; it, makes a connection between him and the center”.

9. It reduce the danger of revolution: Democracy is a government by discussion and persuasion. Every other form of government rests on force. Democracy gives every individual and every group of people a chance to express their views in public matters, to demonstrate their dissatisfaction and resentment against governmental measures and to convert the masses to their own point of view. They have a right to change the government by their vote. So, there is no chance to people opt revolutionary methods.

10. Symbol of progress and welfare programmes: Democracy is the only form of government which ensures always the progress and welfare of the people.

11. Support World Peace: Democracy promotes world peace and opposed to war and violence. It seeks the change through evolutionary process with the purview of Constitution. Democracy believes in peaceful co-existence and cooperation. According to Burns, “Democratic movements have always been movements for peace”.

Demerits of Democracy:
1. Expensive Government: Democracy is the most expensive type of government. A lot of money is spent on election propaganda. Millions of money is spent on the sessions of the national and provincial legislatures. Carlyle sak the parliament as a ‘Talking shop’. Italian dictator Mussolini could, therefore, correctly say that democracy is not suited to a poor country.

2. Weak and instable Government: Democracy is a weak and instable type of government. In those countries where there are multiple party systems, the coalitions fall frequently and bring instability in the government. For ex; In India 1977 to 79; 1989 to 1991; 1996 to 1999 coalition governments failed to rule the government with stable.

3. Government by the minority: In practical Democracy does not represent majority opinion. Actually, Democracy is said to be government by the mainly. This daim on behalf of democracy is not sustainable, In every state a large number of people never exercise their vote. Besides, in most democratic states the first-past-the-post electoral sysiem prevails (majority vote system). Under this system, it often happens that the party securing a minority vote is returned to power. The number of votes secured by the party in power is less than those obtained by the opposition. Democracy thus ceases to be government by the majority.

4. Discouragement to culture, civilization and intellectual development: Democracy is the government by masses and always have conservative outlook. They show no interest in the development of literature, art and architecture. In Democracy intellectuals always keeps distance from elections. So many examples are in history defeat of intellectuals in direct elections.

5. Slow decision making: Democracy is slow decision-making government. Because it takes lot of time to take decision. It delays the work. Legislature process, party system, opposition parties, and coalition politics plays key role in decision making in Democratic governments.

Section – B
8 x 5 = 40 Marks

Note: Answer any EIGHT of the following questions in not exceeding 20 lines each. Each question carries 5 Marks.

Question 1.
What is the nature of Political Science?
Answer:
The traditional writers considered the study of state and government as the proper sphere of political science. The state and government are both closely related. There can be no state without government. The sate and government, therefore, have been the central subjects of the study of political science.’

In the period after the Second World War political scientists in the West developed new theories and concepts in the discipline of political science. American political scientist, Harold Lasswell, in the 1930s, defined politics as the science of the study of power because the state is a structure of power and the business of the political scientists is to examine “Who gets Power, When and How”? Twenty years later during 1950 s, a school of thinking shifted the emphasis and redefined politiçs as a policy-making science. Modern writers have expanded the scope of political science. They describe political science ‘as the science of the study of power’, or a policy-making science; or a fundamental activity in every organized group of human life.

Broadly speaking, the study of Political Science developed in two strands: the normative and the empirical. In the normative studies of political science, the main focus is on norms, values and goals or ends of political life and activity Most of the studies of the concepts such as liberty, equality justice and empowerment and the study of ideologies are covered under normative studies. The empirical studies, both quantitative and qualitative, focus on facts and the actual processes or means that subscribe to the achievement of goals.

The study of the functioning of government and other institutions and the human interactions in different capacities come under empirical studies. These include, the studies on public policy, voting behaviour, political parties, pressure groups and social movements.

Question 2.
Explain the pluralistic theory of Sovereignty.
Answer:
Pluralism or pluralistic theory of sovereignty was proposed and popularized as an attack on John Austin’s monism. Von Gierke, Maitland, Ernest Barker, H.J. Laski, G.D.H. Cole, Maciver and others have proposed and popularized the theory.

Main principles: Pluralism comprises the following main principles:

1. The state is one of the many organizations in society. It is not. the only organization having supremacy. It has no different features, status and significance apart from other organizations.
2. The state has not created the society or any organization. The various cultural, economic, religious and political associations were not created by the state. State cannot dissolve the above organizations. ¡t has no such power.
3. Society is federal in structure. State too must distribute its. powers on the basis of federal principle.
4. Sovereignty is not the exclusive possession of the state. The state is not supreme over all other organizations.
5. Sovereignty is not absolute, unlimited and unquestionable. It has some internal and external limitations. While the customs and traditions of the people will act as internal limitations, international covenants and agreements will impose some restrictions on the sovereignty of the state.
6. Sovereignty is not discretionary in nature. If has to be enforced keeping in view the various constitutional acts and covenants. It will not vest in the state alone.
7. It is not corred to say that the commands of the sovereign are laws. Sovereignty has to be exercised keeping in view the customs, traditions and the constitutional provisions.
8. Pluralists criticized that Austin’s theory assigned more importance to the state. This may threaten the very origin, existence, survival and progress of the remaining associations in human society. Hence Krabbe and Laski pointed out that it is better to ignore the criticism of sovereignty.

Question 3.
Write a short flotes on national self-determination.
Answer:
The theory of national self-determination was advocated by the former president of the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson in 1917. From then onwards nationalism became a worldwide phenomenon. This principle implies that every nation should be organised as an independent political entity It raises the question whether every nationality has the right to be a self-governing or sovereign state.

Nations, unlike other Social groups, seek the right to govern themselves and determine their future development. In making this claim a nation seeks recognition and acceptance by the international community of its status as a distinct political entity or state. Quite often these claims come from the people who lived together in a given land for a long period having sense of common identity. Such claims of self-determination were frequently made in the 19th century in Europe.

The nation of one culture – one state began to gain acceptability at that time. Subsequently, this idea was employed while reordering state boundaries after the first World war. The treaty of Versailles led to the formation of several small and newly independent states.

The Right to national self-determination has asserted the National liberation movements in Asia and Africa when they were struggling against colonial rule. Nationalist movements maintained that political independence would ensure dignity and recognition to the colonized people.

Question 4.
Explain any three kinds of equality.
Answer:
Types of Equality: There are many types of equality. They, may be analysed in the following.
1. Natural equality: This kind of equality existed in the ‘State of Nature’. It is based on the principle that nature has created everyone as equal. But natural equality exists no where in the world. Nature has not created all people with the same qualities. So by natural equality we generally mean the provision of equal opportunities to all. It implies the abolition of man-made and artificial inequalities.

2. Social equality: Social equality stands for equality of status and absence of class distinctions and discrinwiátion. It exists when no individual is made to suffer on account of his caste, class, colour, creed, race, etc. For instance, the constitution of India does not reconize caste or class distinctions. In fact it has opposed the practice of untouchability.

When all citizens enjoy social equality, there will be no discrimination against anyone on the grounds of caste, class, colour creed, race and place of birth and legal rights. Social equality cannot be achieved only through laws. There must prevail a sentiment of equality among individuals. The following elements help in achieving and maintaining social equality.

1. Special privileges should not be allowed by the state to any citizen.
2. The government shall adopt and implement a uniform policy in the fields of education, employment, administration and legislation.
3. People must have a broad outlook with the qualities of tolerance, sacrifice, honesty etc., in social and religious affairs.
4. Citizens of a state should maintain harmonious relations with their fellow citizens.
5. People should not use their name of the caste, sect or religion at the time of forwarding petitions.
6. Intercaste marriages should be encouraged.

3. Economic equality: This kind or equality is a precondition for the enjoyment of social and political equalities, its absence leads to several social and political problems. Economic equality does not mean equal distribution of social wealth among all the people. It only means the elimination of inequalities in wealth, income, and property.

The basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing must be available to all. In the opinion of Laski, Economic equality means the abolition of unfettered and irresponsible will in the industrial world”. In Barker’s view, ‘Economic equality is partly a matter of status and partly a matter of property and income”.

Question 5.
Write a note on socialism and its defects.
Answer:
Socialism is considered as the most important theory in political science. It was advocated and popularized to oppose the defects in Individualism and capitalism.

Defects of Socialism:
1. Socialism destroys the initiative and creative instincts of individuals. ‘As it considers the individuals insignificant in
productive matters, there is a scope for the indifferent attitude of the individuals in economic enterprises.

2. The various socialist principles cannot be implemented. Some of the socialist ideals like elimination of economic inequalities, social taboos, substitution of collective ownership over individual properties etc. are very difficult to put into practice. The above ideals can be realised only through firm political leadership, sincerity; honest personnel, educated people, etc.,

3. Socialism opposes individual liberties and freedoms. It is based on the principle that society is important and Individuals are insignificant. It complete the people to act in subordination to the control and directives of the state. On the other side, socialism results in the exercise of absolute powers by th government unilaterally thereby causing harm to be liberties and freedoms of individuals through several laws.

4. Socialism advocated the intervention of the state in economic affairs. If such a proposal comes into vogue, there is every possibility of the government acting with indifference and inefficiency.

Question 6.
Explain the importance of Civil and Political rights.
Answer:
Civil Rights: Civil rights aim at providing basic conditions for individuals to lead a happy and dignified social life. These rights are considered vital for a civilized society Social life becomes impossible in their absence. Individuals in a Civilized society enjoy the following Civil rights.

These are:
1. Right to life: This is the most important civil right. T.H. Green considered it as the most fundamental civil right. This right provides security to the individual’s life. Individuals cannot lead their lives in the absence of this right. This right is based on the premise that the life of an individual is valuable not only to himself but also to the society and the state as a whole. Hence it prescribes at large the state to extend protection to the life of individuals. However, it empowers the state to impose some reasonable restrictions upon the individuals. The state can insist any person to sacrifice his life for the sake of the nation. This right also includes the right of self-defense.

2. Right to liberty: This right enables individuals to have freedom in various walks of life. It makes their lives worth living. It enables them to develop their personality in various spheres. It includes various freedoms such as freedom of movement, speech, expression, thought, residence etc.

3. Right to equality: This right implies that individuals are equal before law. It forbids discrimination on the basis of one’s caste, colour, creed, education, region, race, religion, wealth, etc. It enables equal treatment to all persons. It provides scope for uniform application of laws. It enables equal opportunities to all persons in social, economic and political fields.

The following are the important political rights:
1. Right to vote: Right to vote is the most important political right enjoyed by the citizens in modern democratic states. It serves as a powerful weapon for adult citizens in choosing their representatives to various legislative bodies. It makes them as real sovereign. All the citizens are entitled to this right without any discrimination based on creed, colour, language, race, region, religion, sex, etc. However, persons such as aliens and minors are deprived of this right.

2. Right to contest In elections: This right empowers the citizens to contest as candidates to various legislative bodies in the state. Especially this right enables those, who have political sagacity, enthusiasm and dynamic nature, to actively participate in the political dynamics of the state. As a result, it increases political enthusiasm among the citizens. Such an element is considered as a base of democratic polity.

3. Right to hold public offices: This right provides opportunities to the citizens to hold various public offices for a definite period. It gives no scope for exclusion of citizens or conferring special privileges to some at the cost of others. This helps the citizens to exercise authority in a dignified manner.

Question 7.
How many types of citizenship are there? Elucidate.
Answer:
There are three types of Citizenship.
They are:
i) Single Citizenship
ii) Dual Citizenship and
iii) Global or Universal Citizenship.

i) Single Citizenship: Single Citizenship implies possession of one type of citizenship, identical rights, privileges, and immunities by the citizens. Citizens enjoy this type of citizenship without any discrimination. It is prevalent in many states in the modern period. For Instance the constitution of India provided for single citizenship to every Indian citizen irrespective of his place of birth, residence etc.

ii) Dual Citizenship: Dual citizenship means possession of two citizenships in two States. It is in vogue in some developed and developing countries. For instance, children born to American citizens in other states acquire natural citizenship in both the states – one in their parent American State and another in the State where they are born. However, persons having dual citizenship are not entitled to the special privileges They are subject to the laws of both countries. Dual citizenship applies to the children until they attain adulthood. Later they have to choose citizenship of one of the two States.

iii) Global or Universal Citizenship: Global or Universal Citizenship is the latest phenomenon in the contemporary international and national politics. The dramatic events that took place after 1980s and 1990s created a great awareness among the people all over the world. The advancement in communications, science, technology and other spheres transformed human life in a miraculous way.

Question 8.
What is direct democracy and mention its devices?
Answer:
Devices Direct Democracy; There are four devices prescribed in direct democracies to enable the people to participate directly in the administrative activities of the State.
Those are:

1. Referendum
2. Initiative
3. Recall and
4. Plebiscite.

These methods. may be explained as follows.
1. Referendum: It is one of the direct democratic devices. Literally, it means, “must be referred to the people’. It is a device whereby the electorate may veto a proposed legislation or a bill which the legislature has already passed. In other words, bills passed by the legislature are the voters for their approval or disapproval. If majority of the voters approve them, they become acts. But if they vote against them, they will be given up. Hence, referendum is known as ‘Popular Veto”.

It is of two types:

1. Compulsory referendum: All the constitutional bills must be sent to the people.
2. Optional Referendum: An ordinary bill passed by the legislative may be or may not be sent to the people.

However, even that ordinary bill must be sent to the people if a definite number of people demand it. Ex: In Switzerland, 30,000 people or eight cantons (States) can demand referendum on an ordinary bill.

2. Initiative: It is another device of direct democracy It is a method by means of which the people propose legislation i.e.; they can ask the legislature to pass a particular law. For instance, in Switzerland, if 50,000 voters request the legislature to pass a law, then the proposal is submitted to the consideration of the people. If majority of the people (30,000) approve it, then it becomes an act. Unlike referendum, initiative provides a chance to the people to start the making of law.

It is of two types:

1. Formulative Initiative: People present a bill to the legislature.
2. Unformulative Initiative: People present a demand to the legislature as king it to pass a bill.
3. Re Call: It is another device of Direct Democracy. It means “Calling Back’. According to this method a specific number of voters may call back or dismiss an elected officer or a member of the legislature before the expiry of his term, if he is irresponsible. By means of this, the people can remove a representative or an officer from office when he fails to discharge his duties properly.
4. Plebiscite: The term ‘Plebiscite” is derived from a French word “Plebiscitum”, which means ‘decree of the people”. It is used to obtain the opinion of the people on an important political issue or when there is a dispute regarding some territory. The question of accession or secession or territory is generally solved by means of plebiscite. It is not concerned with legislation. It is not apart of legal process. it is only a democratic method of ascertaining the opinion of the people on any political issue of public importance.

Question 9.
Write about the origin of secularism.
Answer:
The ancient Roman emperors denied recognition to the Christian religion. In the medieval period social and religious reformers like Martin Luther and Calvin Zwingle challenged the spiritual monopoly of religious heads. They advocated that religion and spiritual matters are purely personal and private matters. Their speeches marked a break through in religious matters. In modern period, political thinkers like Machiavelli and Jean din emphasized the need for the separation of religion from politics. John Locke and other liberal thinkers advised the people to follow religious tolerance. In course of time, the writings of the above thinkers influenced the people who began to treat religion as a private and personal affair. In the United States, President Thomas Jafforson explained the real meaning of Secularism by stating that there exists a wall of separation between the State and the Religion.

Question 10.
Explain the differences between Flexible Constitution and Rigid Constitution.
Answer:
Differences between flexible Constitution and Rigid Constitution.

Flexible Constitution	Rigid Constitution
1. Constitutional matters are not clearly mentioned.	1. Constitutional matters are clearly written.
2. Not appropriate to a federal state.	2. Appropriate for a federal state.
3. Highly unstable.	3. Highly stable.
4. Constitution can be easily amended.	4. Constitution cannot be easily amended.
5. Provides no scope for judicial review.	5. Provides scope for judicial review.
6. Only one type of laws found.	6. Two types of laws are for and constitutional and or lina. Constitutional laws precess ordinary laws.
7. Rights, freedoms and liberties of people may not be safeguarded by the Judiciary.	7. Rights, freedoms and liberties of people will be better safeguarded by the Judiciary.
8. No scope for revolutions.	8. Scope for revolutions.
9. Possibility of unlimited legislative power.	9. Possibility of a limited legislative power.
10. More suitable to the politically advanced states.	10. More suitable to the developing nations.
11. It makes no differentiation between constitutional and ordinary laws.	11. It makes differentiation between constitutional and ordinary laws.
12. Appropriate to small states.	12. Appropriate to large states.

Question 11.
Discuss the reasons.for the growth of importance of the executive.
Answer:
In recent years, several factors have led to a steady increase in the powers. functions, prominence and prestige of the Executive organ all over the world. The factors are as follows:
1. Concept of welfare state: As a result of the advent of the concept of welfare state, the functions of the modern state are gradually increasing. The present state is called upon to look after multifarious activities like labour welfare, education, social security, health, production. distribution etc., which promote the welfare of the people. Hence, the executive requires vast powers to cope with the problems of the modern welfare state.

2.  Delegated legislation: Today the, legislative organ is overburdened with work. As a result, it passes laws in a skeleton farm only and empowers the executive to make detailed bye-laws, rules and regulations. This is known as delegated legislation. This has led to the growth of executive importance.

3. Party system: The present representative system is under the control of the political parties. Parties have provided leadership to the executive and reduced the legislatures to the level of registering bodies, Now, it- is the executive organ which performs most of the legislative functions by extra-constitutional methods.

4. Economic planning: For the planned economic development, the government interferes in all economic aspects. As a result the executive branch is becoming more prominent.

Question 12.
Write a note on Presidential form of Government.
Answer:
Presidential government is one in which the Executive is not responsible to the legislature for its acts. It is also known as single Executive government. Fixed Tenure government and Non-responsible government. Under this system a single person, namely, the President exercises all executive powers. The President as well as the Legislators assume their office and continue in power for a prescribed tenure as stipulated in the constitution. The President is directly elected by the people who form into an Electoral college.

‘Further the president or the legislators are not responsible to others in exercise of their Powers and FUnctions. This system is based on the theory of separation of powers as proposed by Montesquieu. The United States of America is a classical example of this system. We also find this system in several Latin American and African countries like Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Congo, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Uganda, Zaire, etc. Prof. Gamer defined presidential government as “one in which the executive is constitutionally Independent of Legislature in respect of its duration of tenure and political policies”.

Section – C
15 × 2 = 30 Marks

Note: Answer any FIFTEEN of the following questions in not exceeding 5 lines each. Each question carries 2 Marks.

Question 1.
What is meant by Sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is the root of all social sciences. Sociology studies the changes in different social institutions. It discusses the social, ethical, economic and cultural systems in a society. It also studies the human relations, social conditions, origin, growth and development of different systems, their respective forms, the rules, customs and traditions.

Question 2.
Define Political Science.
Answer:
Political Scientists gave various definitions on Political Science.
They are as follows.

1. J.W GARNER: “Political Science begins and ends with the State”.
2. R.G. GETTLE: “Political Science is tm The historical investigation of the state in the past, an analytical study of the state of present and what the state ought to be in the future”.
3. ROBERT DAHE: “Political Science is the Scientific study of importance of power, Authority and influence.”

Question 3.
External Sovereignty.
Answer:
External sovereignty means freedom from external control and obligations and that in the International field the state is autonomous and has independent voice. Each state is independent of other state. Any other state does not reserve any right to interfere with the external matter of an independent state. Exterpal sovereignty means National Freedom

Question 4.
Mention any two essential elements of Nationality.
Answer:
Nationality is derived from the Latin word “Natio’. Which means birth. It is a spiritual sentiment or feeling or oneness. This emotional feeling of oneness or unity is caused due to factors like common race, common language, common religion, common territory, common history and culture, common political aspirations etc. Nationality is not politically organised. There can be no nation without nationality.

Question 5.
What do you know about common law?
Answer:
Common law is a customary law. It is a product of customs and traditions which are popular among the people. The courts accept common law as a part of the legal system. Common law in un-written in form but is regarded as equal to statute laws in England.

Question 6.
What is negative liberty?
Answer:
Liberty means absence of restraints or constraints, it is called as “negative liberty.

Question 7.
What is Political Equality?
Answer:
Political equality: Political equality is an important kind of equality. It means that all citizens will have equal access to the a venues of authority. All of them possess the same political rights, an equal voice in government and equal right to hold public offices. It may be noted that political equality is enjoyed by the citizens only. It is not given to aliens and foreign nationals living in a state. Citizens have to utilise the opportunities given by political equality with great case, far sighted outlook and broad mindedness.

Then only political equality brings the required fruits. Then only political equality brings the required fruits. Political equality prevails and flourishes when all citizens were provided with political rights like Right to vote, Right to contest elections, Right to make petitions and Right to criticism. That means political equality flourishes only in democratic countries.

Question 8.
What are the criteria justice?
Answer:
Economic elements are considered to be one of the Important sources of Justice. These elements attained significance with the advent of Industrial Revolution which led to the vast economic disparities between different sections of the people.

Question 9.
Communism.
Answer:
The Marxis is called as a Scientific Socialism’ and it is also called as communism. Communism is propounded against the policy of Laissez-faire. Karl Marx analysed this theory in his two books namely. DAS CAPITAL” and COMMUNIST MANIFESTO! V. I. Lenin introduced this theory in Soviet Russia in 1917. Several countries are adopting the principles of communism in their political affairs.

Question 10.
Non-co-operation.
Answer:
This movement is a great event in the History of Indias Freedom Struggle. Gandhiji launched this movement between 1920-22 against the mass killing of innocent people in Jallian wallab Bagh in Punjab.

This movement also supported the Indian Muslims and their Khilafat movement. The Indian National Congress presided over by Lala Laajapathi Rai extended its support to this movement. The congress has decided to under takes!.

• Boy cotting Foreign goods.
• Renouncing the British titles and Honorary Offices.
• Abstaining from the government-sponsored meetings.
• Boy cotting British Courts.
• Boy cotting the Elections to the Legislative councils and
• Resigning from the membership of local bodies.

Question 11.
Define Rights.
Answer:

1. ‘Rights are those powers claimed and recognized as contributory to the common good.” – T.H. Green
2. ‘Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best.” – H.J. Laski

Question 12.
What are Political Rights?
Answer:
Political rights are those rights which enable the individuals to participate in the political affairs of the state. They help the citizens to manage the political affairs including the organization of the government. They empower the citizens in the political affairs of the state. Citizens can freely participate in the administration of the country A unique feature of these rights is that they are enjoyed by the citizens only. Aliens do not possess these rights.

Right to vote, right to contest as candidates in elections, right to hold public offices, right to petition, right to criticize the government etc., are some examples of the political rights.

Question 13.
Define Citizenship.
Answer:

• Prof. Laski defines “Citizenship is one’s contribution of instructed judgement to the public good”.
• TH.Marshall defines “Citizenship is a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community All who possess this status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the state is endowed”.

Question 14.
What is Recall?
Answer:
Recall means To call back. The representatives will be called back by the people in case they are inefficient. Hence, this method helps the representatives in discharging their responsibilities properly for fear of being called back on the grounds of inefficiency.

Question 15.
Define secularism.
Answer:
Meaning: The term Secular” in Latin language means ‘Of this World”. It denotes the meaning ‘thern opposite of Religion’.

Definitions:

1. E.S. Water house: Secularism is an ideology which provides a theory of life and conduct as against one provided in Religion”.
2. G.J. Holyoake: “Secularism is an idea of promoting a social order as separate from religion without actively dismissing or criticising religious beliefs”.

Question 16.
What do you mean by the Constitution?
Answer:
The term constitution implies a written document embodying the provisions relating to the powers and functions of the Government organs, the rights and duties of the citizens.

Question 17.
What is preamble?
Answer:
Every Constitution will have a preambre. The preamble denotes the aims and aspirations of the constitution. It is the soul of the constitution. Hence, preamble is considered as one of the important features of the Constitution.

Question 18.
How many organs of government are there?
Answer:
The powers of Government are separated among these three organs – legislature, executive and judiciary. They are interrelated and sometimes independent of each other. Political philosophers like Cicero, Jean Bodin, and John Locke wrote treatises on the interrelationship of three organs of government.

Question 19.
What is uni-cameralism?
Answer:
In government, the first organ is the Legislature, it may be unicameral or Bicameral. Unicameralism is derived from two Latin words namely uni, which means one, and camera, which means, chamber is the practice of having one Legislative or parliamentary chamber. Thus, a unicameral parliament of unicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of one chamber or house. Ex.: Armenia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Sweden etc.

Question 20.
Unwritten Constitution.
Answer:
A constitution which is not in the written form is called unwritten constitution. The Rules of the governmental Organisation are in the form of customs, conventions, Traditions and usages. If is not in the form of a written document. It is the product of growth. If is the result of evolution. It is not created by any particular body at any particular period For Example Britain has an unwritten constitution.

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 5 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 5 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) No words could be invented for such supreme happiness, eclipsing all other feelings.
b) They are the people who never go forward. They never suggest a line of activity. They live simply on the negative side of.
c) Her intentions are evidently good as she has planted trees rich in biodiversity.
Answer:
a) Introduction : This sentence is taken from Roger Bannister’s inspirational essay The First Four Minutes. It is his persona) experience. Context & Explanation: Finally Bannister reached the place where no man had yet ventured. He achieved it in his first attempt of the year. He was the first man to run the race of one mile in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He did on May 6th, 1954. Therefore he became free from the burden of athletic ambition. There were no words for describing his happiness. His joy was boundless. It eclipsed all other feelings.

Critical Comment : Here, he describes his elation for his success,

b) Introduction : These lines are taken from the inspiration essay Two Sides of Life written by Booker T Washington. This is a speech extracted from his popular book Character Building.

Context & Explanation : The writer addresses his students. He tells the about two types of people. Here, he explains to them about the people who are negative about this thing and that thing. They always make the atmosphere unpleasant. They are undesirable. They become negative characters. They never go forward. They make every one miserable. Therefore, he advises his students not to emulate them and not to become a negative force.

Critical Comment : Here, the writer tells his students about the people who always look on the dark side of life,

c) Introduction : These are the concluding words taken from the internet – based article, The Green Champion-Thimmakka. It describes her magnificent achievements in preserving the environment.

Context & Explanation: Thimmakka and her husband started planting saplings and nurturing them as their own children. Even after the death of her husband, she pursuded her mission with the same determination and courage. She is 100 plus now and still cherishes the dream of planting more trees. She continues her fight against deforestation. Her contributions are truly remarkable. She proves that age is not a big problem if we aspire to do anything. So, she is a true inspiration to us to have good intentions towards society. Please plant a sapling and make the world a better place for our children. Even thousand mile journey begins with a single step.

Critical Comment : The words describe her passion for planting trees,hnd expanding her mission.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) A food giver he is, with ability to mitigate the sky’s hunger.
b) They all shook their heads and gave me a smile as though. I was trying to fool with them.
c) A lily of a day
Is fairer far in May.
Answer:
a) Introduction : These lines are taken from the thought provoking poem, ‘The Beggar’, penned by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal, a prolific Telugu poet. Actually, it is written in Telugu as Bichchagadu. Later, it is translated into English by Elanaaga as ‘The Beggar’.

Context & Explanation : The poet describes the struggles and sufferings of the farmers in a touching way. They are the food providers to all. They produce food and satisfy other’s hunger. Their ability remains fully active. They are able to reduce the hunger of even skies. They work hard and help others. But, the irony is that they struggle to survive. Their stomachs get no food. So the reader is forced to understand their problems and own up them.

Critical Comment : Here the poet depicts the difficulties of farmers and their capacity to produce food for us.

b) Introduction : These lines are extracted from the poem, ‘Happiness’ written by Carl Sandburg, a famous American poet. This poem is from his collection of poems, Chicago Songs. It is a simple poem with a valuable message.

Context & Explanation : The narrator seeks to know what happi¬ness is. He enquires with many professors but in vain. Even the top executives are consulted to help him in this regard. But they express their inability. The professors and the executives smile to him as a reply of the question asked by the narrator. They look at him as if he is trying to fool them.

Critical Comment : The narrator asks professors and top executives to tell the meaning of happiness, but in vain.

c) Introduction : These beautiful lines are taken from the poem, ‘The Noble Nature’ written by Ben Jonson. He is regarded as the second most popular of English dramatists, after Shakespeare. As a poet, he proved his expertise with his lyrics.

Context & Explanation : Leading a meaningful life makes it noble, Jonson asserts. He employs analogies from nature. The lily flowers in May, flourishes for a day and shines for a short while, Yet, it pleases many. Beauty-even in little measures fills hearts with thrills. It’s life is meaningful. Similarly, a person’s life is meaningful only if he does some acts of benefaction.

Critical Comment : The poet highlighs the qualities that a man must possess to be considered as noble. To explain this, he compares man to both an oak tree and a lily.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Sketch in a paragraph, the character of Mrs. Bouncer.
b) What is the significance of the postscript to the text in Father, Dear Father ?
c) What gave Dr. Bannister strength in the final spurt ?
Answer:
a) John Maddison is an English playwright. His Box and Cox is a one-act farce. It has just three characters. One of them is Mrs. Bouncer. She is a greedy landlady. She rents out the same room to two persons at the same time, with letting one know of the other person. They are Mr. Box and Mr. Cox. Mr. Box, a printer stays in the room only during the day. Mr. Cox, a hatter occupies the room only at nights. She somehow manages to see that they do not come to the room at the same time.

She boasts of her clever idea. Practically nobody can imagine such a thing. However, she can swallow, and digest any and every amount of insult and disrespect. She is accused of stealing by both her tenants. But she turns a ear to their remarks merely to ensure receiving double rent for a single room. She presents a typical example of a farcical caricature with unparliamentary and uncivil language. Her treachery is finally found out and she is put to shame. She bursts into sobs and prays for pardon.

b) Raj Kinger’s Father, Dear Father is a thought provoking commentary on the present education system. It describes the defects in the mind sets of parents, learners, teachers and the government bodies. This is a letter written to a father by his son Rahul. The letter ends with a postscript. Postscript is an addition to a letter written after the writer’s name has been signed. It describes Rahul’s feelings and speaks out his heart. Here we can understand Rahul ‘Father’s rigid mind-set. Rahul feels that his father’s eyes will not see Rahul’s feels that his father’s eyes will not see Rahul’s anguished plea. It is only to lighten his heart wrenching feeling. Thus, the postscript plays a significant role in expressing heart rending plight of Rahul, a school boy.

c) Dr. Roger Bannister was the first man to run the race of one mile in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He narrates his eventual victory of race in this essay. In the final spurt, he got the strength from his will power. He had turned the last bend. There was only 50 yards more to be run. His body tired and consumed all his energy. But, it went on running. That strength came from great will power. At that juncture, determination, dedication and strong will power lead him ahead. Therefore, he could succeed with his will power.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO ofthe following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Describe the speaker’s devotion to his beloved as expressed in the last two lines of A Red Red Rose.
b) Life is queer with its twists and turns…. List a few twists as mentioned in the poem.
c) Seeing helps one better in understanding then listening to. Justify the statement with reference to the poem, ‘Happiness’.
Answer:
a) Robert Burns poem A Red Red Rose pictures a young speaker’s love for his beloved. The poem blends the eternity of love with the mortality of life. Especially, in the last two lines, the speaker is completely devoted to his beloved. The has promised his sweet heart that he will return to her wherever he goes, no matter what the distance. Even if her relationship is ten thousand miles away, his love will never die. He will continue to love her. All in all these lines represent the immortality of his love for his beloved.

b) Edgar Albert Guest is very popular as a people’s poet. His poem, keep going is undoubtedly an inspirational poem. All through its twenty four lines of the poem the poem keeps on advising the reader never to quit. It openly admits that life may be a mixture of more pains and less pleasures. Goals may stand beyond your reach. Funds may be low. Needs may be more. Things do not always go the way we plant them. There are times when you will be over whelmed in a given aspect of your life. You have to face changes. Your journey is all about climbing up hill. Life is like a journey whereby some roads are tough and tiresome. Your circumstances deny your happiness. Your life has so many low moments that you lack humour. Instead of a smile, you let out a sigh. When you feel like you can’t go on take rest But, dont’ quit your effort. Thus, life is full of twists and turns.

c) Carl Sandburg’s poem, ‘Happiness’ conveys a beautiful message. It is extracted from his collection, Chicago songs. It shows how the narrator tries to find out the real meaning of happiness and his ultimate realization.

This seems like a more light hearted poem. The poet depicts the narrator’s experience. He asks people what they think of happiness. The first two he asks are the people who should know what happiness is. But, both look at him as if he is trying to fool them. He then ventures out to observe some of the lower class. He examplifies, what he sees, his image of happiness. The poem centers around the difference between the lower and the upper class. He favours the lower class for their simplicity. They value the things in their lives. It is proved in the lives of Hungarians. They show him what happiness is. They enjoy then food, drink, music and fun. At last, seeing Hungarians helps the narrator in understanding how they spend happy moments under a tree. Then he realizes what happiness is. Even if they are not very well educated or wealthy, they stand as a symbol of sharing and helping mentality people.

Question 5.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Describe the role of the American naturalist in the short story, “The Dinner Party”.
b) Does the story “The Short-sighted Brothers” support the wise saying, ‘Honesty is the best policy’ ? Discuss.
c) Write a paragraph on how Alan and his parents felt excited when he was chosen to play for the school cricket match.
Answer:
a) Mona Gardner’s short story “The Dinner Party” offers us an interesting reading. It highlights women’s nerve control. The American naturalist is a special guest at the dinner party. All others are government officials or military personnel. Others are involved in a discussion. He alone stays silent and observes others keenly. He notices strange changes in the features on the face of the hostess. He watches a servant placing a bowl of milk in the veranda. He understands there is a snake. He thinks fast. He plans a strategy. It works out. He manages to make all the guests stay cool and calm till the snake creeps out. When the host appreciates his nerve control, he proves that it is the hostess who has real nerve control.

b) Yes. Honesty is undoubtedly the best policy. It is certainly very difficult to practise the policy. The story, ‘The Short-sighted Brothers’ proves both these points clearly. All the three brothers were short-sighted. They were selfish. They had no ethical values. They thought they could easily cheat others. They got by heart the inscription ‘Be Honest At All Times’. But they never understood its meaning or its importance. They followed dishonest means to prove the power of their sight. Their follies were exposed. Thus, they learnt that their deceptive tricks failed. Only honesty shines forever! And through the brothers, the readers too get a valuable lesson.

c) Arthur Henry Mee is famous as an eminent educator and journalist. His short story “Playing the Game” is at once didactic and entertaining. Its gripping narration offers a pleasant reading experience. Alan is the lead character. He was a schoolboy. He loved cricket. His parents supported and encouraged him. Alan’s father actually helped Alan practise bowling. He commented that Alan was shaping as a good bowler. Then, Alan was selected to play in his school team. That was a well deserved opportunity. Hence Alan felt excited. That made Alan’s parents doubly excited. That is just natural and justifiable on their part.

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
“Three elderly brothers, all very short-sighted, lived in a large house on the outskirts of a city, in China. One day the youngest brother suggested that he should take charge of the finances. “Elder brother’s sight is so bad, he cannot see how much money he’s receiving or giving,” he said, “and people take advantage of his disability.”

Questions:
i) Where did the three brothers live ?
ii) What did the youngest brother propose one day ?
iii) How did the youngest brother support his claim ?
iv) How would people tWake the eldest brother’s short-sightedness, according to the youngest brother?
v) Was the youngest brother sincere in his suggestion ?
vi) Their sight problem was negligible. Is it true or false ?
Answer:
i) in a large house on the outskirts of a city, in China.
ii) that he should take charge of the finances.
iii) That his eldest brother’s sight was so bad that he couldn’t see how much money he was receiving or giving
iv) People would take advantage of the eldest brother’s disability.
v) No. The youngest brother was not sincere.
vi) False. They were all very short-sighted.

Question 7.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
The world is in a word, says Wordsmith. Words packed with positive vibrations can light up the dark world of narrowminded, selfish and loveless millions, says Ms Jalandhara, a writer, guide, mentor and most importantly, healer! An incarnation of simplicity and modesty, Ms Jalandhara was born into the family of Gali Bala Sundara Rao (GBSJ, a godlike doctor and multifaceted personality. And she was married to Mr Chandra Mohan, a versatile, multi-lingual cine star. Yet she Chines like a star, uneclipsed between the two mighty personalities. With innumerable creative works-stories, novels etc.,-to her credit, she seeks to promote peace in minds and homes with a missionary zeal. Unconditional and universal love is her panacea. Cite your problems to Maitri, a question-answer feature both online and offline, and prompt comes the solution in the form of thought-provoking counselling. Homes flourishing with smiles following her advice are innumerable all over the globe ! The true symbol of empowering woman!

Questions:
i) How can the dark world of millions be filled up with light ?
ii) What are the two traits highlighted here in the lead character’s personality ?
iii) Name the two prominent personalities mentioned here associated with her.
iv) What is her mission ?
v) How does she seek to promote peace in minds and homes ?
vi) What is her panacea ?
Answer:
i) Words packed with positive vibrations can light up the dark world of millions.
ii) simplicity and modesty
iii) Gali Bala Sundara Rao, her father and Mr. Chandra Mohan, her husband.
iv) to promote peace in minds and homes
v) through her thought provoking counselling
vi) unconditional and universal love

Section – C

[Note : Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column – A with their meanings in Column – B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M

Column A	Column B
i) crop	a) expressing anger, surprise, etc
ii) bolster	b) a narrow shell
iii) wobble	c) deny; take away something from someone
iv) zounds	d) a type of small, oily fish
v) emulating	e) move unsteadily
vi) capital	f) a civil subdivision of a village
vii) ledge	g) a large round pillow
viii) parish	h) limitating
ix) deprive	i) cut
x) herrings	j) excellent

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) crop	Column B
ii) bolster	i) cut
iii) wobble	g) a large round pillow
iv) zounds	e) move unsteadily
v) emulating	a) expressing anger, surprise, etc
vi) capital	h) limitating
vii) ledge	j) excellent
viii) parish	b) a narrow shell
ix) deprive	f) a civil subdivision of a village
x) herrings	c) deny; take away something from someone

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
Do you (1) think, literacy (2) is a harbinger (3) of restlessness, fear (4) frustration ? Is it (5) Adam (6) and (7) Eve eating the Tree (8) of (9) knowledge, all (10) over again ?
Answer:
1) you – pronoun
2) literacy – noun
3) harbinger – noun
4) fear – noun
5) It – pronoun
6) Adam – noun
7) and – conjunction
8) tree – noun
9) of – preposition
10) all – adverb

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. ……………….. blind, ……………….. deaf and ……………….. dumb lead ……………….. miserable life.
2. My sister is married to ……………….. farmer.
3. We spent ……………….. whole week in Hawaii.
4. They met ……………….. Minister yesterday.
5. It was ……………….. hottest day ever.
6. I put ……………….. unopened letters over there.
7. Is ……………….. clock slow, or is it me ?
8. Keeravani is music composer and also ……………….. singer.
9. I was moved by ……………….. kindness that he showed.
10. I did not know that ……………….. dictionary belonged to you.
Answer:
1) The, The, the, a
2) a
3) the/a
4) the
5) the
6) the
7) the
8) a; a
9) the
10) the

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. Yoga is ……………….. good health.
2. She spoke ……………….. her travel experiences.
3. Suman left ……………….. Australia.
4. Mohan is a student ……………….. Delhi University.
5. Are you aware ……………….. Corona precautions ?
6. There are many hills ………………. the river.
7. Wealth is inferior ……………….. learning.
8. We open locks ………………… keys.
9. He jumped …………………. the well.
10. The issue is ………………… you and me.
Answer:
1) for
2) about/ of
3) for
4) of
5) of
6) along / near
7) to
8) with
9) into
10) between

Question 12.
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. The farmers ………………… (sow) seeds for two hours when the sun set.
2. There was a stampede when the pilgrims suddenly ………………… (rush) into the temple.
3. I wish I ………………… (have) a car.
4. When ………………… (be) you born ?
5. How long ………………… your brother ……………….. (stay) in the US when you Went there for MS ?
Answer:
1) had been sowing
2) rushed
3) had
4) were
5) had, been staying

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) Close the door.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.)
ii) The M.L.A. said to villagers, “You have every right to question me.”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
iii) A Governor is sometimes more powerful than a Chief Minister.
(Change the sentence to positive degree.)
iv) He is not the worst student in the class.
(Change the sentence to comparative degree.)
v) Children, be quiet, ………………… ?
(Add a question tag.)
vi) English is an interesting language, ……………… ?
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
i) Let the door be closed.
ii) The M.L.A told villagers that they had every right to question him.
iii) Sometimes a Chief Minister is not as powerful as a Governor.
iv) He is not worse than most students in the class.
v) will you
vi) isn’t it

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. The principal and the chairman has attended the meeting.
2. Each of them were given a gift.
3. Student must avail the opportunities.
4. The two players blamed one another for their defeat.
5. All Indians must respect each other.
6. Yourself are responsible for your future.
Answer:
1. The principal and the chairman have attended the meeting.
2. Each of them was given a gift.
3. Student must avail themselves of the opportunities.
4. The two players blamed each other for their defeat.
5. All Indians must respect one other.
6. You are responsible for your future.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) childh_ _d
ii) p_ _ce
iii) frus_ _ation
iv) ha_ _en
v) gra_ _ar
vi) col_ _r
vii) ang_ _sh
viii) li_ _ten
ix) obed_ _nt
x) mu_ _le
Answer:
i) childhood
ii) piece
iii) frustration
iv) happen
v) grammar
vi) colour
vii) anguish
viii) lighten
ix) obedient
x) muscle

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) chalk
ii) knock
iii) depot
iv) teacher
v) often
vi) thought
vii) honest
viii) almond
ix) know
x) talk
Answer:
i) chalk – l
ii knock – k
iii) depot – t
iv) teacher – r
v) often – t
vi) thought – gh
vii) honest – h
viii) almond – l
ix) know – k, w
x) talk – l

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) stretch
ii) incredible
iii) plant
iv) condition
v) hospital
vi) entire

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) village sewage garbage
ii) massive passive invite
iii) these thousand other
iv) public pull put
v) state take walk
vi) age cage go
Answer:
i) garbage
ii) invite
iii) thousand
iv) public
v) walk
vi) go

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) before
ii) doctor
iii) mother
iv) imagination
v) essence
vi) quarter
Answer:
i) 2 – disyllabic
ii) 2 – disyllabic
iii) 2 – disyllabic
iv) 5 – polysyllabic
v) 2 – disyllabic
vi) 2 – disyllabic

Question 20.
a) The following tree diagram depicts the classification of Vitamins. Present the information in a paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

b) Draw a flow chart based on the information given below.
The following process is the description of how a post office transfers a letter from a sender to a receiver. First, the sender posts the letter in a post box. Next, the box is opened. Then the contents in it are sorted out. Then they are kept in a bag and the bag is tied. The destination is written on the bag. The bags are sent to the district post office. The district post office sends the bags to the destination village / town post offices. The destination post office receives the letters. The received letters are arranged and sorted out. The post man delivers the letters to the addressees.
Answer:
a) Classification of Vitamins
The given tree diagram presents the classification of vitamins. Vitamins are broadly of two types. They are : 1) Soluble vitamins in water and 2) Soluble in fats. Vitamin B and Vitamin C fall in the category of ‘Soluble in water’. Vitamins A, D, E and K (four) belong to the group of vitamins soluble in fat and Vitamin B is sub-divided into Bl, B2, B3, B6 and B12 (five) types.
(OR)

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 4 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 4 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) This was only to lighten my over – burdened heart.
b) No one tried to persuade me. The decision was mine alone.
c) Do not be satisfied until you have put yourselves into that atmosphere where you can seize and hold on to the very highest and most beautiful things that can be got out of life.
Answer:
a) Introduction : This sentence is taken from the prose piece, Father, Dear Father written by Raj Kinger. Actually this is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

Context & Explanation : This letter ends up with a postscript. Post script is an addition to a letter, written after the writer’s name has been signed. It shows Rahul’s feelings and speaks out his heart. He feels that his father will not see his anguished plea. And he doesn’t understand his over-burdened heart. Therefore, it is to lighten his heart-rending condition.

Critical Comment : Here, Rahul writes the postscript to lighten his over-burdened heart.

b) Introduction : This sentence is taken from Roger Bannister’s inspirational essay ‘The First Four Minutes’. It is his personal experience.

Context & Explanation : Bannister was the first man to run the mile in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He narrates his eventual victory of the race in the essay. He says that failure is as exciting to watch as .success. This is possible only when the player exhibits his sport genuinely. He says that the spectators fail to understand the mental
agony that an athele’te passes through before he enters the field. He says that there was no force from anyone to make him participate in this race. It was his own decision.

Critical Comment : Here, he narrates his glorious moments and second to second experiences while running for the goal.

c) Introduction : There motivational lines are at the concluding lines taken from the essay ‘Two Sides of Life’ written by Booker T Washington. It is a speech taken from his popular book Character Building.

Context & Explanation : The writer concludes his speech by inspiring his students to be positive in life. He advises them to cultive positive attitude to become the strong individual. He tells them to be the best people in life. He warns them not satisfy with the second hand things in life. He inspires them to be in the highest position in the life by achieving great and beautiful things in life.

Critical Comment : He advises his students to see the happier side – and sprdad cheer all round.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Often the goal is nearer than.
b) His stomach is full of infinite void.
c) And I saw a crowd of Hungarians under the trees with their women and children and a keg of beer and an accordion.
Answer:
a) Introduction : Introduction : These lines are taken from the inspirational poem, ‘Keep Going’ written by Edgar Albert Guest. He is regarded as a people’s poet. The poem keeps on advising the reader never to quit.

Context & Explanation : The poem announces the idea that your goals are just around the corner. At a time when you are uncertain and you lack strength, you may perceive the aspired goal to be so far away yet it could be nearer than what you think. Therefore, you don’t let your current state of weakness or miserable situation cloud your judgement. You may be so near to where you want to be. Keep going.

Critical Comment : The poem rekindles the self-confidence in the readers to achieve their goals that may appear beyond any common reasoning and normal logic.

b) Introduction : This heart touching line is taken from the thought provoking poem, ‘The Beggar’, penned by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal, a famous Telugu poet. His original Telugu poem, Bichchagadu is rendered into English by Elanaaga (Dr. Surendra).

Context & Explanation : The poet tries to draw the attention of readers to the gravity of farmers’ problems. It is because farmers ‘ work hard. They help others. They are the food providers to all yet the irony is that they struggle to survive. They starve. They don’t find food for themselves, even a morsel! Their stomachs get no food. They suffer from empty stomachs. Their emptiness is infinite. Thus, the poet highlights farmers’ woes and worries in a touching way. He also compels the readers to ponder over possible solutions.

Critical Comment : Here the poet depicts the pathetic condition of farmers in a touching way.

c) Introduction : These lines are taken from the poem ‘Happiness’ written by Carl Sandburg, a famous American poet. The poem is extracted from his collection of poems, ‘Chicago Songs’.

Context & Explanation : The poet wants to know the meaning of happiness. He asks professors and top executives to help him on this regard. But, they express their inability. At last he sees a group of Hungarians under the trees with their women and children. They do not have money, intelligence or success. They are spending happy moments under the tree. They are the symbol of real meaning of happiness. The poet at once understands what happiness is.

Critical Comment : Here the poet describes how he came across a group of Hungarians, beside a river and beneath the tree.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO ofthe following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) All great things have humble, small beginnings. Justify the statement based on the life and work of Thimmakka.
b) Box and Cox fulfills all the characteristics of a one act play. Explain.
c) What is the attitude of teachers towards learners as illustrated in Father, Dear Father ?
Answer:
a) Thimmakka had pains and problems in her life. She was poor and not educated. She worked as a coolie. She was not happy because she couldn’t become mother till she was forty. Her husband was very cooperative. The couple Thimmakka and Chikkayya started planting trees in their village in a stretch of 4 km. They planted 10 banyan saplings in the first year and increased the number year after year. They not only planted them but tended them to maturity. Apart from banyan trees, she planted over 8000 other trees in over 80 years She is a true inspiration to us. She shows us that all great things have humble and small beginnings.

b) Box and Cox by John Maddison Morton is a comic one-act play. It is regarded as the best farce of the 19th century. It was translated into many European languages. It is a humorous drama. It is short. It fulfills all the characteristics of a true one-act play. It has just three characters. It follows the unity of place. That is the action takes place in one location.

It observes the unity of time too. Its action does not last for a long. It has humour in abundance. It also serves a social purpose by exposing certain follies we suffer from. The play, Box and Cox, thus proves itself to be a perfect comic one-act play. It has all the characteristics of a one-act play.

c) Raj Kinger’s Father, Dear Father is a thought provoking commentary on the present education system. It highlights the defects in the mind sets of parents, learners, teachers and the government bodies. It sets all to a new wave of thinking. However, the attitude of teachers towards learners are rude and adamant. When Rahul seeks advice of his Biology teacher to save his rose plant, she gets irritated. She thinks it a question out of their syllabus and asks him to approach a gardener for advice. Her response to Rahul reveals her crossness, irritability and rudeness. She serves as a warning to all those teachers who do not show any interest or reverence towards their profession. The letter also illustrates Rahul’s experience with his English teacher who was adamant.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Discuss the aptness of the title “The Noble Nature” to the poem.
b) What does the speaker promise in A Red Red Rose ?
c) ‘The poet addresses the reader as you and talks about the farmer as my farmer. Explain the significance in a paragraph.
Answer:
a) The Noble Nature is one of the most popular lyrics of Ben Jonson. He is regarded as one of the major dramatists and poets of the Seventeenth Century. In this poem, he seeks to explain what makes man’s life noble. The core meaning of the poem centres around this single idea. In just ten lines of the poem, the poet says twice. Man better be; and life perfect be. And to make Man better or life perfect, he advises one to lead a meaningful life of light-like that of a lily. Thus, the focus of the poem is clearly on making Man better.

To explain this point, examples of the oak and the lily are used. Hence, the title, The Noble Nature, suits the poem well. The poem says leading meaningful life even for a short while is worthier than leading a long life with neither charm nor value.

b) The poem, A Red Red Rose, is written by Robert Burns. It is one of the best lyrics of English poetry. The speaker shares his romantic lone for his beloved. He promises different things to his beloned. He vones to love his beloved until the seas have dried up, the fire of the sun has melted the ice, and human life is over. He uses these examples to express his feelings. Thus, promises his eternal love to his borny lass and that no matter how far he might go, he will always return to her side.

c) Dr. Ammangi Venugopal has written the poem in Telugu as Bichchagadu. It is translated into English as the ‘The Beggar’ by Elanaga, (Dr. Surendra) the poem portrays the pitiable condition of the farmers. In the last stanza the poet describes the farmer as a beggar. It is due to his condition at present society. The farmers are suffering from lack of food. They become beggars. They are at the thresholds for food. So, the poet tells the reader that the beggar at the threshold of the reader is none other than the farmer. The reader is addressed as ‘you’ to understand and sympathise with farmers. The poet tells about the farmer as ‘My farmer’. The reader Is moved to ponder over the problem and find away out.

Question 5.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Every time the youth chooses a gift, the fairy expresses her dissatisfaction with her gestures. Comment.
b) Is the title, SANGHALA PANTHULU apt to the story ? Explain.
c) How did the three brothers try to outsmart one another ?
Answer:
a) Mark Twain’s story, “The Five Boons of Life” offers us a valuable lesson. It highlights the need to choose right. The fairy in the story advises the youth to select a boon. She tells him that of the five boons “Fame, Love, Riches, Pleasures and Death” only one is precious. But, each time the youth makes a wrong choice. The fairy expresses her displeasure. Once, her eyes are filled with tears. Yet again, she sighs deeply. At another time, she asks him to use his wisdom. But the youth repeats the same mistake. The fairy here represents an opportunity. Opportunities knock our doors often. It is our responsibility to use that chance aptly. Here, the youth’s failure presents a lesson to us.

b) Suravaram Pratapa Reddy’s thought provoking Telugu story, SAN- GHALA PANTHULU is a social and historical narration. It was ren¬dered into English by Elanaaga (Dr. N. Surendra). The story pictures the struggles and sufferings of innocent and ignorant villagers. Ra- masagaram village is just a representative of any village in Nizam’s rule. Timidity and lack of unity and awareness among the masses helped a handful of people to exploit the poor. A well-informed and good-intentioned gentleman (Panthulu) came to their rescue. He explained to the villagers about their rights. He helped them pick up courage and form into associations (SANGHALU). That ultimately solved their problems. Hence, the title perfectly suits the story.

c) “The Short-sighted Brothers” is a famous Chiness folk story. It expos¬es the folly of the three brothers. All the three brothers were very short-sighted. Even their personality suffered from the same flaw. They tried to deceive themselves and one another. The youngest brother one day proposed to take charge of their family finances. He cited his eldest brother’s short-sightedness to support his claim. The second brother too joined the race. The eldest brother proposed a test to prove the power of their sight. They should read the inscription on the newly installed tablet on the door way of the nearest monastery. To outsmart one another, each met the monk secretly and learnt about the writing on it.

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
The man considered long, then chose Love; and did not mark the tears that rose in the fairy’s eyes.

After many, many years the man sat by a coffin, in an empty home. And he communed with himself, saying : “One by one they have gone away and left me; and now she lies here, the dearest and the last. Desolation after desolation has swept over me; for each hour of happiness the treacherous trader, Love, as sold me I have paid a thousand hours of grief. Out of my heart of hearts I curse him.”

Questions:
i) The man chose the gift Love at once, without thinking. Write true or false.
ii) With whom did the man commune ?
iii) The word rose used as a verb in the passage means came forth. As a noun, it means:
a) stood up
b) a flower
c) a fruit
iv) How is his sadness or loss expressed in the passage ?
v) Whom did the man call a treacherous trader ?
vi) ‘Out of my heart of hearts I curse him’… whom does die word him refer to ? ‘
Answer:
i) false
ii) He communed (talked) with himself.
iii) (b) a flower
iv) by saying to himself how love has left him in grief
v) Love
vi) Love

Question 7.
Read die following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it In a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
Do you think you can confuse innocent kids easily ? Find out for yourself. Once a curious boy asked his mother, Mommy, why is your hair turning grey 7 The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child a lesson in behaviour. So, she said, “It is because of you, dear.

Every bad action of yours will turn one hair grey.” Instantly came the retort from the inncoent boy, “Now I know why grandmother has only grey hair on her head.” Can you see who taught whom a lesson in manners.

Questions:
i) What is the message given in the passage ?
ii) What quality of the boy made him ask his mother a question ?
iii) How did the mother want to use this occasion ?
iv) Why would her hair turn grey, according to the mother ?
v) Was the mother true in saying that reason for her grey hair ?
vi) Did the boy take time to answer his mother ? Support your answer with a phrase from the passage.
Answer:
i) One cannot confuse innocent kids easily.
ii) his curiosity
iii) to teach her child a lesson in behaviour
iv) Every bad action of her son would turn one of her hairs grey.
v) No, she wasn’t true.
vi) No, instantly came the innocent retort from the boy.

Section – C

[Note : Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column-A with their meanings in Column-B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M

The First Four Minutes

Column A	Column B
i) tremendously	a) forcefully
ii) propel	b) observable
iii) pace	c) goal
iv) barely	d) disappearance, loss, death
v) perceptible	e) greatly, extremely
vi) penetrate	f) tire
vii) ambition	g) enter or pass through
viii) exhaust	h) speed
ix) extinction	i) move, push forward
x) compellingly	j) to a very limited extent

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) tremendously	e) greatly, extremely
ii) propel	i) move, push forward
iii) pace	h) speed
iv) barely	j) to a very limited extent
v) perceptible	b) observable
vi) penetrate	g) enter or pass through
vii) ambition	c) goal
viii) exhaust	f) tire
ix) extinction	d) disappearance, loss, death
x) compellingly	a) forcefully

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
It is a very
(1) bad habit
(2) to get into
(3) that of being continually
(4) moody
(5) and discouraged, and
(6) of
(7) making the atmosphere
(8) uncomfortable for everybody who comes
(9) within ten
(10) feet of you.
Answer:
1) very – adverb
2) habit – noun
3) into – preposition
4) continually – adverb
5) moody – adjective
6) and – conjunction
7) of – preposition
8) atmosphere – noun
9) comes – verb
10) ten – adjective (numeral)

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. I bought ……………….. pair of new shoes.
2. I saw ……………….. movie last night.
3. It’s raining. Do you need ……………….. umbrella ?
4. Look at ……………….. woman over there ! She is my mother.
5. ……………….. night is quiet. Let’s take a walk.
6. ……………….. spider has eight legs.
7. Peter is ……………….. Italian.
8. I ……………….. read amazing story last Sunday.
9. ……………….. tiger is in danger of dying out.
10. She has got ……………….. long hair.
Answer:
1) a
2) a
3) an
4) the
5) The
6) A/The
7) an
8) an
9) The
10) x no article

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. India got independence ……………….. 1947.
2. I have been reading this book ……………….. 2018.
3. Suresh goes to college ……………….. foot.
4. He served in the military ……………….. thirty years.
5. Very few people can swim ……………….. the river Ganga.
6. The martyr wrote his final testament ……………….. blood.
7. Many great people hail ……………….. rural areas of the country.
8. The snake crawled ……………….. its pit.
9. There is a cold war ……………….. these two countries.
10. There is a beautiful painting ……………….. the wall.
Answer:
1) in
2) since
3) on
4) for
5) across
6) in
7) from
8) into
9) between
10) on

Question 12
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. The tsunami ……………….. (break) while the sailors ……………….. (row) the boats.
2. How ……………….. you ……………….. (spend) your childhood ?
3. I ……………….. (browse) the internet when he came to our house.
4. The audience ……………….. (occupy) their seats before the cinema
began.
Answer:
1) broke, were rowing
2) did, spend
3) was browsing
4) had occupied

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. Can she play the violin ?
(Change the sentences to the passive voice.)
2. Sunilsaid to his daughter, “I will take care of you.”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
3. No other bank in India has as many branches as SBI.
(Change the following sentence to superlative.)
4. ‘Silence’ is the most potent weapon to win an argument.
(Change the sentence to comparative degree.)
5. I am not late, ……………….. ?
(Add a question tag.)
6. Students are our best judges, ……………….. ?
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
1. Can the violin be played by her ?
2. Sunil told his daughter that he would take care of her.
3. SBI has the most number of branches.
4. Silence is more potent than any other weapon to win an argument.
5. am I [Note : possible tag-am; negative tag are in the place of am]
6. aren’t they ?

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1 We should wash our foots before coming into the house.
2. He has many sheeps.
3. One of my classmates are an army officer.
4. One should respect her teachers.
5. Every men are responsible for this situation.
6. His both sons are lawyers.
Answer:
1. We should wash our feet before coming into the house.
2. He has many sheep.
3. One of my classmates is an army officer.
4. One should respect one’s teachers.
5. Every man is responsible for this situation.
6. Both his sons are lawyers.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) tea_ _er
ii) gl_ _my
iii) le_ _on
iv) re_ _ect
v) f_ _thful
vi) infl_ _nce
vii) le_ _ers
viii) pl_ _sant
ix) su_ _est
x) si_ _le
Answer:
i) teacher
ii) gloomy
iii) lesson
iv) respect
v) faithful
vi) influence
vii) leaders
viii) pleasant
ix) suggest
x) simple

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) bright
ii) scene
iii) hour
iv) neighbour
v) wrong
vi) knell
vii) wreath
viii) palm
ix) limb
x) design
Answer:
i) bright – gh
ii) scene – c.
iii) hour – h – r
iv) neighbour – g, h, r
v) wrong – w
vi) knell – k
vii) wreath – w
viii) palm – l
ix) limb – b
x) design – g

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) provide
ii) literate
iii) frustration
iv) imagination
v) fear
vi) adamant

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) use us union
ii) ink island if
iii) thorough this thin
iv) sit fit write
v) rose chose lose
vi) week meek deer
Answer:
i) us
ii) island
iii) this
iv) write
v) lose
vi) deer

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) before
ii) doctor
iii) mother
iv) imagination
v) essence
vi) quarter
Answer:
i) 2 – disyllabic
ii) 2 – disyllabic
iii) 2 – disyllabic
iv) 5 – polysyllabic
v) 2 – disyllabic
vi) 2 – disyllabic

Question 20.
a) The given below bar graph shows how much dietary fibre is found in certain fruits. Convert the information into a paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

OR
b) Convert the following paragraph into a flow chart.
Silver occurs in the ores of several metals. The frothing process of extracting silver accounts for about 75% of all silver recovered. Here the ore is ground to a powder, placed in large vats containing a water suspension of frothing agents, and thoroughly agitated by air jets. Depending on the agents used, either the silver-bearing ore or the gangue adhering to the bubbles of the foam is skimmed off and washed. The final refining is done using electrolysis.
Answer:
a) Fibre Content in Fruits
The given bar graph presents the details of fibre content in var-ious fruits. The guava stands tall with six (6) grams of dietary fibre per a serving of one cup. Next comes the pear with five (5) grams per unit. The third in the order is the apple with four (4) grams per a cup. The banana and the orange have almost the same quantity of dietary fibre – three (3) grams per cup.
(OR)
b) Flow Chart depicting Frothing Process of Extracting Silver

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 3 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 3 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) It is not the case only with the coals, Mrs. Bouncer, but I’ve lately observed a gradual and steady increase of evaporation among my candles, wood, sugar, and matches.
b) But in your Departmental Store, do you apply Pythagoras Theorem or Newton’s Law of Gravity ?
c) The physical overdraft came only from greater will power.
Answer:
a) Introduction : We come across these interesting words in Box and Cox, a one-act play written by John Maddison Morton.

Context & Explanation : Mrs. Bouncer a greedy landlady, rents out her room to two persons at the sametime, without letting one know of the other person. They are Mr. Box, the printer and the other man, Mr. Cox. Mr. Box works all night and lives here only during the day. Mr. Cox is employed in a hat shop where he spends all day. Thus, Mrs. Bouncer manages to ensure that they do not meet each other in the room. But, they suspect something is wrong there. They notice their things being used up by others. The given words from Cox complain about this loss of things. It speaks alot about Cox’s nature.

Critical Comment : Here, Mr. Cox addresses these words to Mrs. Bouncer.

b) Introduction : This sentence is taken from the prose piece, Father, Dear Father written by Raj Kinger. Actually this is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

Context & Explanation : Rahul is a school boy. He is the class topper in his school. His first rank slips to the second. His father is angry with it. In response to his father’s disappointment, he writes a letter to his father. He raises several pertinent questions about our education system. He also wants his father to be his friend, philosopher and guide. Further, he loves a simple and natural life. He wants to get practical education.

Critical Comment : Rahul presents his anguish over the present education system through this letter to his father.

c) Introduction : This sentence is taken from Roger Bannister’s inspi-rational essay ‘The First Four Minutes’. It is his personal experience.

Context & Explanation: Here, he describes the power of will power. Now, he had turned the last bend. There were only fifty yards more. His body exhausted all its energy. But, it went on running just the same. That energy came from greater will power. At that crucial time, determination, dedication and will-power lead his legs ahead. Thus, with all his energy and will power he could succeed.

Critical Comment : He narrates his glorious moments and second to second experience while running for completing a one mile race.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) And I will Luve thee still, my dear,
Till a’ the seas gang dry :
b) You may succeed with another blow.
c) Have you sighted anyone.
with shadows in his dusky eyes ?
Answer:
a) Introduction : This couplet is extracted from the beautiful lyric A Red Red Rose, written by Robert Burns. It is one of the best lyrics of English poetry. It blends the eternity of love with the mortality of life.

Context & Explanation : The speaker says he will love his bonny lass until ail the seas dry up. The word ‘a’ is the shortened form of all. It is very common in Scots English. Gang does not refer to a group of people. It is an old word that means ‘go or a walk. The seas will probably never gang dry. So, the speaker seems to be saying that he will love his lass forever.

Critical Comment : Here, the poet makes several promises to love his beloved forever.

b) Introduction : This optionistic line is taken four the inspirational poem, ‘Keep Going’, written by Edgar Albert Guest. He was very well-known as a people’s poet. The poem is universally acknowledged as one of the best inspirational poems.

Context & Explanation : This simple inspirational poem speaks volumes about the need to keep going, despite difficulties in life. If openly admits that life may be a mixture of more pains and less pleasures. But, one must continue with one’s effort till success greets one. It is because you may succeed the next time. So, you try again and don’t give up even if you fail many times. If another blow fails, try another and another. But, stop not.

Critical Comment : The poem encourages and inspires the reader to keep on the effort till the goal is attained.

c) Introduction : These are the opening lines of the poem, “The Beggar” written by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal, a popular Telugu poet. He has written in Telugu as Bichchagadu. It is translated into English by Elanaaga, (Dr. Surendra).

Context & Explanation : The poem projects the intense grief and suffering of the farmers. A farmer today is misery incarnate. His eyes speak volumes about farmers’ sorrow. The poet minces no words in highlighting their woes. He opens the poem with a question. It identifies farmers with dark eyes that are filled with the shadows of their struggles. The reader, addressed as ‘you’, is forced to understand and sympathise with farmers. Therefore the lines play an important role in initiating the thought process effectively.

Critical Comment : The poet portrays the pathetic plight of farmers. He is questioning the reader to make him to think about the farmers.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 Words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) How does Booker T Washington advise the teacher-trainees to develop frankness and honesty in their teaching ?
b) Why was Thimmakka called Saalumarada ?
c) Box and Cox is regarded as the best farce of the 19th century. Support the statement with illustrations from the play.
Answer:
a) Booker T Washington is a world-famous Afro-American writer, activist and educator. His collection of speeches comes in the form of Character Building. A selection from that celebrated book is our present lesson. It discusses the two sides of life. It recommends the positive side. The address is to teacher-trainees. So, frankness and honesty on the part of teacher is highlighted here. It needs a very good teacher and a great person to say “I don’t know.” None knows everything of any subject. In fact, knowing that one doesn’t know something is the true education. To admit that fact, one needs frankness. Admitting the fact is honesty. Intellectual integrity is the need of the hour!

b) The present internet-based essay, the Green Champion – Thimmakka describes the magnificent achievements of an ordinary woman with an excellent commitment to conserve nature. Thimmakka, a woman more than 100 years in age, from Karnataka has been launded globally as the green champion for her planting mission. Thimmakka along with her husband planted over 8000 other trees. Even after her husband’s death, she continued her mission of planting trees. Her outstanding work earned her the name Saalumarada, which means a row of trees in Kannada. Thimakka is popular as Saalumarada Thimmakka due to her work. She continues her fight against deforestation. Her contributions are truly remarkable. With her achievements, she is called Saalumarada Thimmakka.

c) Box and Cox, crafted by John Maddison Morton is a one act play. It is hilarious. It drives readers into one continuous rear of laughter. A farce is a play with a style of humour marked by improbabilities. The play Box and Cox is remarkable for its stark improbabilities. Mrs. Bouncer, the greedy landlady, renting out the same room to two gentlemen separately is the most unimaginable improbability. The tenants, Mr. Box and Mr. Cox, do not know this. Mr. Box, a printer stays in the room only during the day. Mr. Cox, a hatter, occupies the room only at nights. Mrs. Bouncer somehow manages to ensure that they do not meet each other in the room. Yet, they suspect that something is wrong. Her explanations to their complaints add to the fun. The language Mr. Box and Mr. Cox use is so verbose that it evokes lots of laughter. Thus, the play proves itself to be a farce of rare quality.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Explain the narrator’s experience in finding out what happiness is.
b) Bulk does not make man better be. How does the Oak support this stand ?
c) ‘An easy-to-read poem, keep going is rich both in its context and form’. Explain the above statement with examples.
Answer:
a) The poem ‘Happiness’ is written by Carl Sandburg. It conveys a beautiful message. It is extracted from his collection of poems. Chicago songs. The poem is an expression of the narrator’s search for the meaning of happiness and his ultimate realization.

The narrator seeks to know what happiness is. He enquires with many professors but in vain. Even, the top executives are consulted, but to no avail. One Sunday afternoon, he wanders along a river. There, he sees a group of Hungarians with their women and children under the trees. They are spending happy moments there. He at once understands what happiness is. Happiness is living in the present. It is not wealth or success or fame.

b) Ben Jonson’s poem, The Noble Nature is one of his most popular lyrics. This short poem discusses a noble thought in simple style. That profound message is expressed clearly with the help of example and images from nature. It highlights the point that equality counts more than quantity. Growing physically like a bulky tree or living long like a sturdy Oak does not make a man noble being. The huge, strong a and aged Oak will soon become a lifelesss, ‘dry’ and withered piece of log. So too will be the fate of a man who is only blessed with long life and physical and material well being. Therefore, mere bulk doesn’t make Man better be. Matter matters, not the magnitude.

c) Edgar Albert Guest’s poem ‘Keep Going’ is truly an inspirational poem. It undoubtedly rich both in its context and form. It is very well written with simple words and free flowing rhymes and with an extremely powerful message that applies to anyone and every one. It is all about perserverence, tenacity, determination and will power to not to give up especially when things are going wrong the poem reminds us that there are seeds of success in every failure. That is why we mustn’t quit. It rekindles the self-confidence to believe in our abilities to achieve the goals that may appear beyond our reach this self-confidence empowers us to bring our dreams into action. Thus, the context is motivational. The form is acceptable.

Question 5.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Narrate the feelings of Alan as he was not able to reach the ground in time after meeting the old man on his way.
b) Describe the scene of the dinner party.
c) Is the title, “The Short-sighted Brothers” apt to the story ? Explain.
Answer:
a) “Playing the Game”, from the pen of Arthur Mee, pictures the humane angle of Alan. Alan was studying in a school. He got his long-awaited chance to play cricket in his school team. He was excited. On that important day, he started early. But on his way, he saw an old, lean and weak man. That old man was walking with difficulty. The man in Alan woke up. He helped the old man walk with his support. So, he couldn’t reach the ground in time. His chance to play was given to another boy. Alan felt bad. He bit his lips. His sorrow knew no bounds. He couldn’t even express his inability to go there in time. He walked back home slowly in disappointment.

b) “The Dinner Party”, by Mona Gardner, is a gripping narration of an interesting incident. A colonial officer and his wife host a large dinner party. It is in their spacious dining hall. The hall has a bare marble floor. The rafters are open and glass doors are wide. Government, army and embassy officials with their wives are the guests. A visiting American naturalist is the special invitee there. Twenty guests take part in that party. There is a spirited discussion about the nerve contral a woman has. A snake is there. The American naturalist takes control of the situation. He succeeds in making everyone stay calm till the snake crawls out.

c) Yes. The name “The Short-sighted Brothers” and the content of the story look like made-for-each-other things. The title matches perfectly well with the theme. Three brothers are the lead characters. All the three brothers were very short-sighted. It was a physical disability. And they all suffered from the related mental disability too. They failed to see the possible result of their crooked plans. They were selfish. They were greedy. They tried to cheat one another. Finally their follies were exposed. As the entire story deals with their physical and mental short-sightedness, the title is appropriate to this ancient Chinese folk tale.

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
“Where do you live, sir ?” called Alan at last in the old man’s ear. “Up the road and some way round the corner, “he answered in his thin, weak voice.” l should be so much obliged if you could see me home. You look a very kind little boy.” See him home ? And they were still a long way off! If only he could walk a little faster. Why, the teams would be already on the field, and the captain would be wondering why he did not come.

Questions:
i) What did Alan ask in the old man’s ear ?
ii) Where was the old man’s house ?
iii) What request did the old man make to Alan ?
iv) Why was Alan in a hurry ?
v) If only he could walk a little faster. Why did Alan want the old man to walk faster ?
vi) Why would the captain be wondering ?
Answer:
i) “Playing the Game”
ii) Arthur Henry Mee
iii) in the classroom, the next morning
iv) They gave Alan three loud cheers.
v) As they learned about Alan’s kind act in some mysterious way.
vi) Compliments conveyed through rhythmic claps in a joyous way.

Question 7.
Read the following passage carefully and answer AN FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M

Innovation in Irrigation-Kaleswaram

Kaleswaram, the brainchild of Sri K. Chandrashekhar Rao, is considered the world’s largest multipurpose, multistage lift irrigation project. The other two such projects in the world (one in the USA – Colorado; and the other in Egypt – Great Manmade River) took three decades for their completion. But Kaleswaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) was inaugurated in just three years (on 21 June 2019) after starting work on it in 2016. With three barrages, 20 lifts and 20 reservoirs, it aims at lifting water to 500 meters height and carrying it to over 500 KMs spanning 13 districts with a canal network crossing 1800 KMs. Built on the Godavari at Kaleswaram in Jayashankar Bhupalpalli district, the project mainly aims to use the till now unused Pranahitha waters near its confluence with the Godavari. The project presently lifts 2TMC (Thousand million cubic feet) water per day. Plans are a foot to increase the capacity to 3TMC a day. It aims at irrigating 37 lakh acres besides meeting the drinking water needs of Hyderabad and other villages, developing water V transport and promoting fisheries and tourism.

Questions:
i) Why is Kaleswaram called a multipurpose project ?
ii) Support the statement that KLIP is a multistage project.
iii) What is the difference between KLIP and the other such projects in the world ?
iv) Name the river that provides water to KLIP.
v)To what height is water lifted from the beginning to the final point ?
vi) What is the irrigation potential of KLIP in acres ?
Answer:
i) as it irrigates, supplies drinking water, develops water transport, promotes fisheries and tourism.
ii) as it consists of three barrages, twenty lifts and twenty reservoirs.
iii) KLIP was inaugurated in three years after the work started on – it while the two other such projects took three decades for their completion.
iv) the Pranahitha and the Godavari
v) 500 meters high
vi) 37 lakh acres

Section – C

[Note: Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column – A with their meanings in Column – B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M

The Green Champion – Thimmakka

Column A	Column B
i) muse	a) unyielding, inflexible
ii) ancillary	b) willing to obey, dutiful
iii) fibbing	c) travel across
iv) topsy-turvy	d) secondary, additional
v) cross	e) great mental pain
vi) prattle	f) telling a trivial lie
vii) traverse	g) annoyed, angry
viii) obedient	h) upside down
ix) adamant	i) reflect, think over
x) anguish	j) repeat meaninglessly

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) muse	h) upside down
ii) ancillary	f) telling a trivial lie
iii) fibbing	b) willing to obey, dutiful
iv) topsy-turvy	j) repeat meaninglessly
v) cross	c) travel across
vi) prattle	i) reflect, think over
vii) traverse	d) secondary, additional
viii) obedient	a) unyielding, inflexible
ix) adamant	e) great mental pain
x) anguish	g) annoyed, angry

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. Treatment heals wounds.
2. Ah ! don’t say you don’t agree with me.
3. Since he was tired, he went to bed early.
4. I love singing because it is interesting.
5. I ‘can’t be at ease until I wash my face.
6. Eureka ! I got it.
7. I like salt and pepper.
8. Have you passed ? Congratulations !
9. Make hay while the sun shines.
10. Wake up early so that you can study.
Answer:
1) treatment – noun; wounds – noun
2) Ah ! – interjection
3) since – conjunction
4) because – conjunction
5) until – conjunction
6) Eureka ! – interjection
7) and – conjunction
8) Congratulations ! – noun
9) while – conjunction
10) early – adverb

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
a) In …………… accident …………… person who lost his legs was crying. At that time, …………… man who came there said, “Why do you cry like …………… child ?” and said, “See that man who lost his head and …………… hand and still not crying.”

b) …………… truck driver is going in …………… opposite direction in …………… one-way street. …………… police officer sees him but doesn’t stop him. Why doesn’t …………… police officer stop him ?
A : …………….. truck driver is walking.
Answer:
a) In an accident a person who lost his legs was crying. At that time, a man who came there said, “Why do you cry like a child ?” and said, “See that man who lost his head and the/a hand and still not crying.”
b) A truck driver is going in the opposite direction in a one-way street. A police officer sees him but doesn’t stop him. Why doesn’t the police officer stop him ?
A : The truck driver is walking.

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. We lived …………… (in / at) the U.S.A (for / in) two years.
2. The office is open ……………… (from / on) 10 a.m [to / at) 5 p.m.
3. Abraham Lincoln came ……………… (from / with) a poor family.
4. She has been suffering ……………… (from / with) fever.
5. He prefers coffee ……………… (with / to) tea.
6. He fell ……………… (of / off) a bicycle.
7. There is a spider ……………… (on / by) the wall.
8. We come to college ……………… (by / in) bus.
9. The girl sat ……………… (between / among) her parents.
10. We congratulated Ajay ……………… (with / on) winning the award.
Answer:
1) in, for
2) from, to
3) from
4) from
5) to
6) off
7) on
8) by
9) between
10) on

Question 12.
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. People ……………… [speak] Telugu all over AP and Telangana.
2. Aarthi ……………… [act] in films since her marriage with Raghu, a film director.
3. She ……………… [appear] in about twenty films so far.
4. I ……………… just [receive] a call.
5. She ……………… [not, pay] the exam fee yet.
6. How ……………… you [watch] this TV programme.
Answer:
1) speak
2) has been acting
3) has appeared
4) have, received
5) has not paid
6) have, watched

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) The postman will deliver the letters at noon.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.]
ii) Rainwater fills potholes on roads.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.]
iii) The girl said, “1 can change any given sentence into, reported speech.”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.]
iv) Hima said, “Get out from here.”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.]
v) Shimla is cooler than Ooty.
(Change the sentence to positive degree.]
vi) Let us keep to the pavement, ……………… ?
(Add a question tag.]
Answer:
i) The letters will be delivered by the postman at noon.
ii) Potholes on roads are filled with (by) rainwater.
iii) The girl said that she could change any given sentence into reported speech.
iv) Hima ordered him/them to get out from there.
v) Ooty is not as cool as Shimla.
vi) shall we ?

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. C.V. Raman’s knowledges of all branches of physics are amazing.
2. There is a scarcity of man-servants nowadays.
3. Many passer-bys observed the accident.
4. Mouses have spoiled the crop.
5. There are five womans in the team.
6. My cousin brother is a doctor.
Answer:
1. C.V. Raman’s knowledge of all branches of physics is amazing.
2. There is a scarcity of men-servants these days.
3. Many passers-by observed the accident.
4. Mice have spoiled the crop.
5. There are five women in the team.
6. My cousin is a doctor.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
i) sch_ _l
ii) enc_ _raging
iii) app_ _ranee
iv) exce_ _ent
v) sp_ _k
vi) a_ _ention
vii) p_ _ple
viii) kno_ _edge
ix) di_ _ipline
x) a_ _ord
Answer:
i) school
ii) encouraging
iii) appearance
iv) excellent
v) speak
vi) attention
vii) people
viii) knowledge
ix) discipline
x) afford

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1) aisle
2) exhibition
3) night
4) condemn
5) pneumonia
6) design
7) Christmas
8) reign
9) palm
10) debut
Answer:
1) aisle
2) exhibition
3) night
4) condemn
5) pneumonia
6) design
7) Christmas
8) reign
9) palm
10) debut

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) transgression
ii) nervy
iii) harbinger
iv) recognize
v) strive
vi) pesticide

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) real peace fear
ii) fail hair affair
iii) stout out would
iv) thin this thick
v) life drink sink
vi) do no phone
Answer:
i) peace
ii) fail
iii) would
iv) this
v) life
vi) do

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) lawyer
ii) literacy
iii) square
iv) harbinger
v) adamant
vi) muse
Answer:
i) 2 – disyllabic
ii) 4 – polysyllabic
iii) 1 – monosyllabic
iv) 3 – trisyllabic
v) 3 – trisyllabic
vi) 1 – monosyllabic

Question 20.
a) Analyse the bar graph given below and write “about it in a paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

OR
b) Read the following paragraph and transfer the information into a tree diagram.
There are so many species of animals that we find living on the earth. Scientists grouped these animals into different classes based on certain similarities they share. Animals are divided into vertebrates, ones with backbones and invertebrates, those without backbones. The vertebrates are basically divided into five classes. They are commonly known as mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. Arachnids and insects are the two commonly known classes in the invertebrates group.
Answer:
a) Time spent on Smart Phones
The bar chart presents marks of three students in three subjects. Meena scored 70 in Telugu, 65 in Maths and in English just 50. Mala scored 65 in Maths, 50 in Telugu and only 40 in English. Megha secured 70 each in English and Maths but scored 60 in Telugu.
(OR)
b) Tree Diagram showing Species of Animals.

Thoroughly reviewing TS Inter 1st Year English Model Papers Set 2 helps in understanding the examiner’s expectations.

TS Inter 1st Year English Model Paper Set 2 with Solutions

Time: 3 Hours 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

Section – A

Question 1.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Though the trees grown by her are worth several crores of rupees today, her life has no respite from poverty.
b) “Cox, I shan’t want you today – you can have a holiday.”
c) Yes. My first rank slipped to the second.
Answer:

a) Introduction : These touching words are extracted from the internet-based inspired write-up, The Green Champion – Thimmakka. It shows the magnificent achievement of an ordinary woman with an extraordinary commitment to conserve nature.

Context & Explanation : Born into a poor family. Thimmakka did not go to school. She worked as a labourer. As she grew up, she was married to Chikkayya, a labourer. When they came to know that they could not beget children, they were not disappointed. They cameup with the idea of planting saplings and nurturing them as their own children. It became their life mission. But, she suffers from poverty. Her sole source of income is the pension of Rs. 500/- given by the government. Thus, she is an example of simple living and high thinking.

Critical Comment : These words describe her pains and problems.

b) Introduction : This line is taken from the one-act play, Box and Cox written by John Maddison Morton. This play is regarded as the best farce of the nineteenth century.

Context & Explanation : Mr. Cox says these words. He reports the words of his master. That day, the owner permits Cox a holiday. So, Cox returns to his room. This is unusual for him. But, this fact gives a twist to the play. For the first time, Mr. Cox and Mr. Box meet each other in the room. Each finds fault with the other initially.

Critical Comment : Mrs. Bouncer’s folly is exposed. Thus the words play a crucial role.

c) Introduction : This sentence is taken from the prose piece, Father, Dear Father written by Raj Kinger. Actually this is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

Context & Explanation : Rahul is the class topper in his school. His first rank slips to the second. Admitting the guilt, he writes a letter to his father. His father’s advice to think before studying, before answering the papers makes him think and think, the word think makes him reflect on several issues including many pitfalls in our education system. Further, he says that the sense of life is not taught to him. He feels that the edu¬cation should give a feel of life to him and should be useful in life.

Critical Comment : Rahul, the class topper in his school, presents his anguish over the present education system through a letter to his father in this context.

Question 2.
Annotate ANY TWO of the following in about 100 words. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) It was the plant and flower of light.
b) O my Luve’s like the melodie
That’s sweetly pla’d in tune.
c) Success is failure turned inside out.
Answer:
a) Introduction : This line is taken from the poem, The Noble Nature penned by Ben Jonson. He is regarded as one of the major dramatists and poets of the seventeenth century.

Context & Explanation : The poem says leading A meaningful life even for a short while is worthier than leading a long life with neither charm nor value. The core meaning of the poem centres round this single idea. The lily plant has a short life. It blooms in May and is very beautiful. Although the flower has the life span of a day and falls and dies by nightfall, it spreads beauty and delight in that short period. The poet feels, that a meaningful life like lily flower though short is what makes a man noble. Even though a man’s life is short, it can be a perfect life.

Critical Comment : The poet advises one to lead a meaningful life-of light-like that of a lily.

b) Introduction : This couplet is taken from the beautiful lyric A Red Red Rose, written by Robert Burns. It is one of the best lyrics of English poetry. It blends the eternity of love with the mortality of life.

Context & Explanation : The poet compares his love to a melody that is sweetly played in tune. His love is a song that is sung just so right in fact that it’s kind of sweet. His feelings are very profound.

Critical Comment : Here, the poet compares his beloved to a sweet melody which is nice to hear.

c) Introduction : This wonderful line is taken from the classic inspirational poem, ‘Keep Going’, penned by Edgar Albert Guest, a well- known people’s poet.

Context & Explanation : The poem is all about perserverance, de-termination and will-power not to give up when one is swimming against the tide. Every failure is a learning opportunity to turn it into success. It is because success and failure are made of the same cloth. Beneath success there is failure and beneath failure there is success. Be optimistic that you can acquire success.

Critical Comment : The poem reminds us that there are seeds of success in every failure. That is why we mustn’t quit.

Question 3.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) Describe the feelings of Bannister after the race was over.
b) How do the two types of persons react to an overcast morning ?
c) Who is taking the noble mission of Thimmakka forward and how ?
Answer:
a) Dr. Roger Bannister was the first man to run the race of one mile in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He narrates his eventual victory of the race in this essay. Finally, he reached the place where no man had yet ventured. He achieved it in his first attempt of the year. He run the race in 3 minutes 59.4 seconds. He achieved it on May 6th, 1954. After the race was over, he became free from the burden of athletic ambition. There were no words for describing his happiness. His joy was boundless. It eclipsed all other feelings.

b) Booker T Washington’s addresses are very forceful explanations of character building. In his speech Two Sides of Life he describes how people react to an overcast morning. To a person who constantly looks at the dark side of things in life, the morning appears gloomy, dull and the streets full of muddy water. Everything looks disagreeable to him. Whereas for a person who always looks at the bright side of things in life, the morning appears beautiful in all aspects. He speaks of the beauties in the rain drops, of the freshness in the newly bathed flowers, shrubs and trees.

c) Planting more and more plants is the noble mission of Thimmakka. She expanded her mission from 10 banyan saplings to over 8000 other trees. Her outstanding work earned her the name Saalumarada, which means a row of trees. Now, she is 100 plus. Her noble mission is taken forward by her faster son, Sri Umesh. He has been planting and tending to trees along the roads, in schools, public places and on the mountains, and hill tops also runs the PRITHVI BACHAO movement successfully. He maintains nursery and distributes plants to the farmers who are interested in growing plants. Sc, the adopted son adopts her noble mission of planting saplings.

Question 4.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) How does the poem,’The Beggar’describe the farmer’s pathetic physical condition?
b) Seeing helps one better in understanding then listening to. Justify the statement with reference to the poem, ‘Happiness’.
c) Why is love compared to a Red Red Rose ?
Answer:
a) The poem, The Beggar, by Dr. Ammangi Venugopal portrays the pathetic condition of farmers. It depicts the difficulties farmers face in a touching way. The poet talks about, the farmer as ‘my farmer’. It shows that the poet also belongs to the family of a farmer. So, he describes the pitiable physical position of farmers. It forms an important part of the poem. It identifies farmers with dark eyes that are filled with the shadows of their struggles and sufferings. Their backs are bent with burden. Their hands are soiled and severed. Their feet bleed. Yet, their ability to produce food and satisfy other’s hunger remains fully active. ‘T’ work hard and help others. Yet, they struggle to survive. They starve. Their stomachs get no food. They suffer from empty stomachs. Their faces are filled with wretchedness. Thus the reader is forced to understand and sympathise with farmers.

b) Carl Sandburg’s poem, ‘Happiness’ conveys a beautiful message. It is extracted from his collection, Chicago songs. It shows how the narra¬tor tries to find out the real meaning of happiness and his ultimate realization.

This seems like a more light hearted poem. The poet depicts the narrator’s experience. He asks people what they think of happiness. The first two he asks are the people who should know what happiness is. But, both look at him as if he is trying to fool them. He then ventures out to observe some of the lower class. He examplifies, what he sees, his image of happiness. The poem centers around the difference between the lower and the upper class. He favours the lower class for their simplicity. They value the things in their lives. It is proved in the lives of Hungarians. They show him what happiness is. They enjoy then food, drink, music and fun. At last, seeing Hungarians helps the narrator in understanding how they spend happy moments under a tree. Then he realizes what happiness is. Even if they are not very well educated or wealthy, they stand as a symbol of sharing and helping mentality people.

c) The poem, ‘A Red Red Rose’ is written by Robert Burns. He is one of the leading voices of Scotland in English literature. The present poem pictures his love for his beloved. His love is as beautiful as a fresh rose that has just bloomed in June. It is fresh and bursting with life. Here love is compared to a red rose because red rose has been an ancient symbol of love in almost all cultures. In this case, rose is newly spring in June. So, we can understand that his love is always at the starting point. Robert uses his rose with the meaning that it is very stro and passionate. It shows how strong is the speaker’s feeling.

Question 5.
Answer ANY TWO of the following questions in about 100 words each. 2 × 4 = 8M
a) The young man feels that the five boons are not gifts, but merely lendings. Justify his opinion with reference to his experiences.
b) Helping the old is as good as playing the game. Elucidate with reference to the story “Playing the Game”.
c) “With all these atrocities, we cannot live”, cries a woman of Ra- masagaram. Explain the atrocities the villagers were subjected to.
Answer:
a) Mark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. The world celebrates him as an eminent humourist and a great writer. The present story, “The Five Boons of Life” present his pessimistic view of life. In the story, a fairy offers a young man a boon. The fairy asks him to choose from “Fame, Love, Riches, Pleasures and Death”. She warns him that only one of those five boons is really precious.

The youth chooses ‘pleasures’ first. He very soon realises that each pleasure is followed by pain. Next he chooses ‘Love’ that ends him in grief. ‘Fame’ leads him into ‘envy and pity’. ‘Wealth’ throws him into poverty. So, he rightly feels that they are not boons but mere lendings.

b) Arthur Mee is known for his humanism. He expresses it artistically. “Playing the Game” exhibits that rare quality. Alan is the central char¬acter. He loved cricket. Once, he got a chance to represent his school in cricket. On the scheduled day, Alan started for the ground early. But on the way, he noticed an old man struggling to walk. He was move. He held his helping hand to that aged man. Hence, he couldn’t reach the ground in time. He missed the much-awaited opportunity. He felt sad. But for this kind act, his parents presented him with his favourite bicycle. His classmates cheered him. The story proves, thus, that helping the old is better than playing the game.

c) “Sanghala Panthulu”, an insightful Telugu story by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy, portrays the plight of the innocent poor. English rendering of the story by Elanaaga (Dr. N. Surendra) captures its spirit well. The story lists the atrocities Ramasagaram villagers were subjected to by the police. They (atrocities] were innumerable and unjust. They (villagers) were forced to supply to the police fowls, eggs, groceries, todday and nuts and fruits. The police demanded drudgery. The poor had to clean their toilets, press their legs, get for them firewood, etc. The wages the poor got for their services or supplies were beatings and scoldings. They were branded on the cheeks. An old, tired and hungry woman was beaten to death. The list is endless.

Section – B

Question 6.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each 4 × 1 = 4M
“Where do you live, sir ?’’ called Alan at last in the old man’s ear. “Up the road and some way round the corner, “he answered in his thin, weak voice.” I should be so much obliged if you could see me home. You look a very kind little boy.” See him home ? And they were still a long-way off ! If only he could walk a little faster. Why, s the teams would be already on the field, and the captain would be wondering why he did not come.

Questions :
i) What did Alan ask in the old man’s ear ?
ii) Where was the old man’s house ?
iii) What request did the old man make to Alan ?
iv) Why was Alan in a hurry ?
v) If only he could walk a little faster. Why did Alan want the old man to walk faster ?
vi) Why would the captain be wondering ?
Answer:
i) “Where do you live, sir ?’’
ii) up the road and some way round the corner.
iii) The old man requested Alan to see him home.
iv) He was in a hurry to reach the ground in time to play in the match.
v) because, he wanted to reach the ground in time
vi) The captain would be wondering why Alan did not come.

Question 7.
Read the following passage carefully and answer ANY FOUR questions given after it in a word or a sentence each. 4 × 1 = 4M
Opportunities Unlimited
I notice the method applied to about six of the wealthiest men in England in a book of interviews published by an able and well-known journalist.
[This is a single sentence with twenty-six words. It is taken from G K Chesterton’s The Worship of the Wealthy.]

Questions :
i) Who does the word I refer to in the passage ?
ii) What did the narrator notice ?
iii) Where did the narrator notice it ?
iv) To whom was that method applied ?
v) Where did those six wealthy persons hail from ?
vi) Which is the book mentioned here ?
Answer:
i) the speaker
ii) the method applied to
iii) in a book of interviews
iv) to about six of the wealthiest men in England.
v) from England
vi) a book of interviews

Section – C

[Note : Answers of this section must be written at one place in the same Serial Order.]

Question 8.
Match ANY EIGHT of the following words in Column – A with their meanings in Column – B. 8 × 1/2 = 4M

Column A	Column B
i) muse	a) unyielding, inflexible
ii) ancillary	b) willing to obey, dutiful
iii) fibbing	c) travel across
iv) topsy-turvy	d) secondary, additional
v) cross	e) great mental pain
vi) prattle	f) telling a trivial lie
vii) traverse	g) annoyed, angry
viii) obedient	h) upside down
ix) adamant	i) reflect, think over
x) anguish	j) repeat meaninglessly

Answer:

Column A	Column B
i) muse	i) reflect, think over
ii) ancillary	d) secondary, additional
iii) fibbing	f) telling a trivial lie
iv) topsy-turvy	h) upside down
v) cross	g) annoyed, angry
vi) prattle	j) repeat meaninglessly
vii) traverse	c) travel across
viii) obedient	b) willing to obey, dutiful
ix) adamant	a) unyielding, inflexible
x) anguish	e) great mental pain

Question 9.
Identify the parts of speech of ANY EIGHT of the following underlined words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. Several writers wrote about education.
2. The hungry dogs are howling.
3. People eat vegetables across the world.
4. An idea can change a life.
5. Food is a necessity for life.
6. I invited him to the party.
7. She is interested in painting.
8. He completed the whole work successfully.
9. The woman beside David is my cousin.
10. She has two children.
Answer:
1) several – adjective about – preposition
2) hungry – adjective
3) vegetables – noun;world – noun
4) an – adjective (article, determiner)
5) food – noun; life – noun
6) him – pronoun
7) interested – adjective
8) whole – adjective
9) beside – preposition
10) two – adjective (numeral)

Question 10.
Fill ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with a, an or the. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. ……………… vegetable seller’s wife gave birth to 2. ……………… son. 3. ……………… customer who heard 4. ……………… good news, congratulated 5. ……………… vegetable seller and enquired about 6. ……………… state of 7. ……………. health of 8. ……………… newly-born child. Then he said. “Sir, it’s very fresh.” 9. I never witnessed such ……………… long queue for Covaxin. 10. He is United Nations exployee.
Answer:
1) A
2) a
3) A
4) the
5) the
6) the
7) the
8) the
9) a
10) a

Question 11.
Fill in ANY EIGHT of the following blanks with suitable prepositions. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1. We should not feel superior ……………… others.
2. People usually put ……………… new dresses ……………… festival days.
3. He is good ……………… English, but weak ……………… Mathematics.
4. Don’t rely ……………… others for everything.
5. If you give ……………… the efforts, you don’t succeed.
6. I went to the airport to see ……………… my son.
7. The minister left ……………… Delhi yesterday.
8. We reached the station much ahead ……………… the schedule time.
9. They have agreed ……………… our proposal.
10. The government should look ……………… the orphans.
Answer:
1) to
2) on, on
3) at, in
4) on
5) up
6) off
7) for
8) of
9) to
10) after

Question 12.
Fill ANY FOUR of the following blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. ……………….. North Indians ……………….. (eat) chapatis daily ?
2. ……………….. he ……………….. (do) any job at present?
3. Usually I ……………….. (close) all doors before going to bed.
4. ……………….. you ……………….. (believe) in ghosts ?
5. My father ……………….. (watch) a serial at the moment.
6. Water ……………….. (freeze) during winter in some parts of the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer:
1) Do, eat
2) Does ……… do, / is ……… doing
3) close
4) Do, believe
5) is watching
6) freezes

Question 13.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences as directed. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) One should wear a helmet while riding a two-wheeler.
(Change the sentence to passive voice.)
ii) Kranthi said to the Inspector, “I met with an accident while taking a turn.”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
iii) A soft voice said, “What a cold day!”
(Change the sentence to indirect speech.)
iv) He can’t run as fast as I.
(Change the sentence to comparative degree.)
v) Dogs don’t look as cute as rabbits.
(Change the sentence to comparative degree.)
vi) We are lucky to be born in India, …………….. ?
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
i) Helmet should be worn while riding a two-wheeler.
ii) Kranthi informed the inspector that he had met with an accident while taking a turn.
iii) A soft voice exclaimed that it was a very cold day.
iv) I can run faster than he.
v) Rabbits look cuter than dogs.
vi) aren’t we?

Question 14.
Rewrite ANY FOUR of the following sentences correcting the underlined errors. 4 × 1 = 4M
1. We must express thank to those who help us.
2. Economics are an interesting subject.
3. Athletics are an interesting sport.
4. The news of the earthquake have spread like wildfire.
5. Measles are an infectious disease.
6. Ocean sands are not used for construction.
Answer:
1. We must express thanks to those who help us.
2. Economics is an interesting subject.
3. Athletics is an interesting sport.
4. The news of the earthquake has spread like wildfire.
5. Measles is an infectious disease.
6. Ocean sand is not used for construction.

Question 15.
Supply the missing letters to ANY EIGHT of the following
words.
i) cro_ _ed
ii) em_ _atic
iii) tr_ _ble
iv) consc_ _us
v) pl_ _sant
vi) dr_ _dful
vii) chi_ _ey
viii) pu_ _le
ix) incr_ _se
x) de_ _ive / de _ _ive
Answer:
i) cropped / crowned
ii) emphatic
iii) trouble
iv) conscious
v) pleasant
vi) dreadful
vii) chimney
viii) puzzle
ix) increase
x) deprive / deceive

Question 16.
Identify the silent consonant letters in ANY EIGHT of the following words. 8 × 1/2 = 4M
1) pseudonym
2) cupboard
3) indict
4) climb
5) half
6) bouquet
7) wreath
8) dumb
9) depot
10) answer
Answer:
1) pseudonym
2) cupboard
3) indict
4) climb
5) half
6) bouquet
7) wreath
8) dumb
9) depot
10) answer

Question 17.
Write ANY FOUR of the following transcriptions using ordinary English spelling. 4 × 1 = 4M

Answer:
i) speak
ii) constantly
iii) attention
iv) unfortunate
v) want
vi) individual

Question 18.
Circle ANY FOUR of the words that sound different from the other words in that set with regard to the sounds of the bold letters. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) kite know knife
ii) that think thousand
iii) easy escape sand
iv) go to no
v) hope rod rope
vi) earn earth each
Answer:
i) kite
ii) that
iii) easy
iv) to
v) rod
vi) each

Question 19.
Mention the number of syllables in ANY FOUR of the following words. 4 × 1 = 4M
i) person
ii) weakness
iii) dark
iv) thought
v) fact
vi) discipline
Answer:
i) 2 – disyllabic
ii) 2 – disyllabic
iii) 1 – monosyllabic
iv) 1 – monosyllabic
v) 1 – monosyllabic
vi) 3 – trisyllabic

Question 20.
a) The pie chart given below shows how people spend their time on smart phones. Convert the information into a paragraph. 1 × 4 = 4M

b) Read the following paragraph and transfer the information into a tree diagram.
The oldest musical instrument in the world is the drum, made initially in one of the three ways. First, frame drums were made by stretching the skin over bowl-shaped frames. Next, rattle drums were made by filling gourds or skins with dried grains, shells, or rocks. Finally, tubular drums were made from hollowed logs or bones covered with skins. Both frame and tubular drums were struck with the hand or with beaters to produce sounds. In contrast, rattle drums were shaken or scraped to make rhythmic sounds. For thousands of years, drums have been used to transmit messages to call soldiers to battle and make music.
Answer:
a) Time spent on Smart Phones
Time spent on smart phones is presented in the given pie chart. The lion’s share, i.e. 35% ofthe time goes to games. Social networking follows games with its share of 29% of the time. Utilities consume 20% time. The share of music and videos is 8%. Others take 5% time. News comes last with just 3% time!.
(OR)
b) Tree Diagram showing Species of Animals