TS Class 10

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Biology Study Material Telangana 5th Lesson Coordination Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Biology 5th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana – Coordination

Question 1.
Fill in the missing sections in the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 2.
Do you think body’s team work maintains functioning of our body? Justify your answer with an example.
Answer:

• All our functions are carried out by an effort of several systems working together.
• For example, while movement, we hardly ever use just the muscular system or skeletal system alone.
• Several other systems also have their own roles to play. Even with in the muscular system, several muscles work in a sequence or at once.
• It is a kind of pathway involving the way that our organs, tissues and cells pick up signals of change from their surroundings and respond to them that triggers different functions in our body as well as by our body.
• For example, your eyes, ears, legs should coordinate with each other, when you are crossing a street. Otherwise you may hit another person on the street or may even come in the way of a vehicle and this may have serious consequences.

Question 3.
Give an example of coordination in your body where both hormonal and nervous controls function together.
Answer:
Several functions in our body as we have seen are controlled by nerves. While many of them and others are controlled by hormones.

When we are afraid, the rate of heart beat increases, the breath rate will be faster, blood pressure increases, the hair on the body becomes erect and we get goose bumps. We might not observe our pupil dilation; skin becomes more sensitive. We come to normally only after we reach a safe spot. But in the above situation the action of the nervous system is limited. All the changes in the body are carried out under the influence of a chemical called Adrenalin hormone released by Adrenal gland.

The various actions of the body are controlled by hormones and coordinated by nervous system. So in these type of conditions nervous system and endocrine system work together to bring about control and coordination.

Question 4.
Consider that you are passing by a garbage disposal area and you immediately cover your nose. Arrange the events below in a logical order by marking them from I to 5 to trace the events that happen in the nervous system from detection of foul smell (stimulus generation) to covering your nose (response).
i. At the end of the axon, electrical impulse releases chemicals
ii. Stimulus received by the dendrites of a neuron sets off chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse
iii. Electrical impulse transmitted through cell body and axon
iv. The chemicals cross the synapse and reach the next neuron. Similarly, the electrical impulse crosses several neurons
v. Finally, the impulse is delivered from neuron to the gland that helps in recognition of the foul smell and muscle cells that help in covering the nose
Answer:
ii. Stimulus received by the dendrites of a neuron sets off chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse

iii. Electrical impulse transmitted through cell body and axon

i. At the end of the axon, electrical impulse releases chemicals

iv. The chemicals cross the synapse and reach the next neuron. Similarly, the electrical impulse crosses several neurons

v. Finally, the impulse is delivered from neuron to the gland that helps in recognition of the foul smell and muscle cells that help in covering the nose

Question 5.
What is a synapse? How is it useful in transfer of information?
Answer:
Dendrites of one nerve cell connect to the axons of the other nerve cell through connections is called as a synapse.

Synapse is a functional region between two neurons, where information from one neuron is transmitted or relayed to another neuron.

Though these regions are of minute gaps and they do not have any protoplasmic connections between them yet information is passed from one nerve cell to the other through these gaps either in the form of chemical or electrical signals or both. These synapses are mainly found on the brain, spinal cord and around the spinal cord.

Question 6.
Distinguish between
a. Stimulus and Response
b. Afferent and Efferent nerves
c. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
d. Receptor and effector
Answer:
a. Stimulus and Response :
Sense the changes in the environment is the stimulus of the organism. The ability to respond to such changes is the response of the organisms. Response is an effect of a change in the environment of the organism or signals of change or ‘stimuli’. All living organisms respond to stimulus. The ability to react to particular stimulus in a particular situation must be of great importance in ensuring the survival of the organism.

b.

Afferent nerves	Efferent nerves
1. Serves coming from receptors or sense organs are called afferent nerves.	1. Nerves that carry impulses from brain or spinal cord are called efferent nerves.
2. These are also called sensory nerves.	2.These are also called motor nets.
3. Sensory nerves carry information from sensory organs like ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin to brain and spinal cord.	3. The motor nerves carry impulses from brain or spinal cord to effector organs (muscles) and are responsible for the movement of hands and legs.
4. These are incoming nerves.	4. These are outgoing nerves.

c.

Central nervous system	Peripheral nervous system
1. It consists of Brain and spinal cord.	1. It consists of nerves that arise from brain and spinal nerves.
2. Both of them have nerve cells and glial cells.	2. It has 43 pairs of nerves. Among them 12 pairs are cranial nerves and 31 pairs are spinal nerves.
3. brain and spinal cord are continuous with each other.	3. Cranial nerves take their origin from brain and spinal nerves take their origin from spinal cord.
4. brain and spinal cord receive information.	4. The cranial nerves earn’ information to the sense organs and spinal nerves from organs to spinal cord.
5. Central nervous system coordinates all neural functions.	5. These supply information required for the movement of the muscles.

d. Nervous system can sense the changes inside and outside the body through specialised cells called receptors. They receive information and generate impulses. Effector is the organ which is usually a muscle, receives information from brain or spinal cord through efferent neurons (motor) and shows the appropriate response.

Question 7.
How does Phototropism occur in plants?
Answer:

• Auxins are phytohormones which are responsible for bending of plants m response to light. This is called phototropism.
• Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin performed some experiments on phototropism and stated that when seedlings are freely exposed to lateral light some ‘influence’ is transmitted from upper to the lower part causing the plant to bend.
• This is the chemical stimulus known as auxin, which helps the plant growing towards light.
• The phototropism occurs in plants by the plant hormone auxin acts on bending of stem to show response to the stimulus (sunlight).

Question 8.
Give an example and explain how plants may immediately respond to a stimulus.
Answer:
Mimosa pudica (touch me not plant) leaves has pad like swellings at the base called pulvini. Here cells contain lot of water and large intercellular spaces.
Due to water pressure, pulvini hold the leaf erect. Touch me not plant shows nastic movement by touch. This is called thigmonasty. When we touch the leaves an electrical impulse is generated. This impulse acts on plant hormones.

Because of this hormone water in the puivini cells which are closer to the leaf vein migrate to other side of the cells. Then puivini loss its firmness hence, leaves become fold. After 20 to 30 minutes water comes back puivini get firm and leaves become erect. This shows plants responding to a certain stimulus.

Question 9.
Suggest an experiment to show how roots grow away from light in most plants.
Answer:
Roots always grow downwards. This means that plant responds positively for gravitational force. This is called geotropism

The roots are exhibiting positive geotropism (growing with gravity). Plants have organelles called statoliths which settle at bottom part of their cells.

Plants also have a hormone called auxine which stimulates elongation and growth in plant cells. For root cells, the statoliths and auxins create downward growth of roots.

• Take a glass jar and fill it with soil. Sow a seed near the wall of the jar.
• This helps you to observe how root and shoot are growing. After 4-5 days you will notice seed germination.
• Keep the jar under the sun. Observe how root and shoot grows. Shoot will grow towards sun. root will grow away from sun.
• Then tilt the glass jar keep the plant horizontally.
• Observe the direction of root and shoot for more than a week. Horizontal shoot grows towards sun and root towards land (away from) sun as shown diagram.

Question 10.
Give an example to show how hormones can influence visible changes in your body.
Answer:

• Endocrine glands secrete chemical substances called Hormones directly into blood.
• Hormones act on the cells of other organs and increase or decrease the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
• The external features by which the males and females can be distinguished are called secondary sexual characters are responsible by the influence of hormones.
• For example if a dog is after us, some changes we will observe on our body. When we are afraid, the rate of heart beat increases, the breath rate will be faster, blood pressure increases, the hair on the body becomes erect and we get goose bumps.
• All these changes are by the release of adrenalin secreted by adrenal gland to bring back our body into normal.

Question 11.
How does a neuron differ from an ordinary cell in structure? Write notes.
Answer:
A Most of the eukaryotic ceils are spherical shaped. The presence of plasma membrane and protoplasm are common to ail the ceils from bacteria to man or a plant.

Cells of these organisms have several intracellular structures known as organelles. Mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex are the organelles present in these cells.

Neurons are the long processes due to its function. In general, we can identify three distinct parts. They are cell body, dendrites and axon. The cytoplasm of the neuron has all the organelles like mitochondria, golgi complex, lysosomes. etc

The cell body has a large nucleus with one or two nucleoli. The most characteristic features of the cell body is the presence of large granules in the cytoplasm called Nissal Granules. These are groups of ribosomes and are made up of R.N.A and proteins.

Dendrites are the projections arising from the cell body. They are short and branched. They carry information to the cell body. Axon is also a projection from the ceil body. Each neuron has only one axon, Axon is long usually unbranched. At the end, the axon gives out several branches that end in Nerve terminals.

Question 12.
Is the structure of neuron suitable for transmission of impuleses? Analyse.
Answer:
Neurons are the functional units, which receive and process information and generate responses. n general, we can identify three distinct parts in all kinds of neurons. They are :

• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axon.

Cell body : This is otherwise called as Perikarya or Cyton. The cell body has a large nucleus with one or two large nucleoli. The most characteristic feature of the cell body is the presence of large granules in the cytoplasm called Nissal Granules. These are groups of ribosomes and are made up of RNA and proteins. Cell body is the centre for all the synthetic activity of the neuron.

Dendrites : These are projections arising from the cell body. The number of dendrites ranges one to several thousands. end rites are short and branched structures. They receive information from other neurons and carry this information to the cell body.

Axon : Axon is also a projection from the cell body. Each neuron has only one axon. Unlike dendrites, axons are very long and are usually unbratiched structures.

The axon is generally called as nerve fibre. At the end, the axon gives out several branches that end in Nerve terminals. These make connect with the dendrites or the axons of another neuron.

Axons are covered by a sheath called Myelin Sheath. At regular intervals, the myelin sheath leaves small gaps called Nodes of Ranvier neurons having myelin sheath are called myelinated neurons and those that do not have myelin sheath are called unmyelinated neurons.

Myelin sheath prevents the leakage of electrical currents from axon. Myelinated axons conduct impulses much faster than unmyelinated axons.

Question 13.
Man is the most intelligent animal. What could be the fact that helped us to reach such a conclusion?
Answer:
The marvellous organ we have that is the brain. Human brain is considered as the most complicated organ ¡n the animal kingdom. It has more than 10 billion neurons and 10 to 50 times more number of guai cells. Each neuron may receive about 1000 to 10,000 inputs and conduct electrical impulses at a speed of 0.6 to 120 metres / min.

The weight of the brain is about 2% of the body weight and consumes about 20% of the total oxygen consumed by the body, it is dependent slow on glucose for it’s energy requirements. The greatness of human brain is to analyse a problem and think of a solution.  The human brain has aesthetic sense to appreciate poetry, music, sculpture, paintings and the beauty of objects and nature.

Another wonderful capacity of human brain is communication through language. No other animal can pass on so much of information through sounds as a human being can. Several animals can make sounds and communicate to a very limited extent through these sounds.

Man has developed the ability through his brain to give a script to the sounds, so that all the information he has gathered in his lifetime is written clown and passed on to the next generation. With this skill in communication, humans have become a superior race and rule the planet. The thinking of a human brain can give peace to world or destroy the world.

Question 14.
The axon of nerve cell in hand is shorter than the axon of nerve cell in leg. Do you support this statement? Why?
Answer:
In the brain or spinal cord, it is difficult to make out the difference between dendrites and axons. But generally the sizes of the axons are not same. They may have different length. The hands are near to the spinal cord or brain than the legs. The legs are far away from the brain and spinal cord. To take and brings the information fastly, the axons of the nerve cells may have longer than the axons of the nerve cell in the hands.

The sciatic nerve is the large nerve in humans and animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and lower limbs. It is the largest and widest single nerve in the human body.

Function : Sciatic nerve innervates the skin on the posterior aspect of the thigh and gluteal regions as well as they enter lower legs.

Question 15.
Organs respond to the external stimulus by a fraction of second. How do you feel about such controlling mechanism of human body?
Answer:
All living organisms respond to stimuli. The ability to react to particular stimulus in a particular situation must be of great importance in ensuring the survival of the organism.

There is a sequence of events that brings about responses. They start from detecting changes in environment (both external and internal) or stimuli, transmission of the information, processing of the same. Finally the response will direct and execute the appropriate action.

Question 16.
State whether the following actions are voluntary action, reflex action or conditioned reflex.
i. Blinking
ii. Cleaning the table
iii. Playing on the key board
iv. Salivating when food is put in the mouth.
v. We close our ears when we hear unbearble sound
Answer:
i. Blinking – Reflex action
ii. Cleaning the table – Voluntary action
iii. Playing on the keyboard – Voluntary action
iv. Salivating when food is put in the mouth – Involuntary action
v. We close our ears when we hear unbearable sound – Conditioned reflex

Question 17.
What will happen to the potted plant kept near window in the room?
Answer:
The potted plant which is kept near the window in the room, grows towards light. Auxins act on bending of stem to show a responsetowards the sunlight. More auxin collects on the light illuminated side of the stem. So cells on that side grow faster, on opposite side cells grow slow to make the stem bend. Auxins are the plant hormone responsible for the growing of the stem towards light. Auxins are synthesized at the tip of the stem (meristematic tissue). Bending of the plant towards light is called phototropism,by the action of auxin.

Question 18.
What happens if all functions of the human body is controlled only by brain?
Answer:
In animals, coordination between different organs in the body is brought by two methods by means of chemical substances called hormones and by nerve impulse. The stimulus is received by the receptors and Due to electrical impulse, the sensory nerves take the information to the brain. The brain analyse this information and sends orders to the particular muscle or organ through motor nerves to do the function.

The brain has to coordinate or involves all the body parts to do the functions. But if the brain will do all the functions alone but not involving the body organs, functions will not done by the organism. Only receiving and sending of information is done by the brain but it is not involving the organs or muscles to do the function, all the functions of the body will be stunned, the body organs may stay dead.

Question 19.
If you visit a doctor what doubts you would like to clarify about pancreas?
Answer:

• Where is pancreas located?
• Why is it called a mixed gland?
• What is the role of pancreas as an endocrine gland?
• How does it help in the digestive system as an exocrine gland?
• What are the foods that keep pancreas healthy?
• What are the exercises to help strengthen the pancreas?
• Naine the disorders occur to pancreas.
• What are the symptoms of a diseased pancreas?
• What are the diagnostic methods to confirm disease in the pancreas?
  (You can add some more questions)

Question 20.
Take a small potted plant. Cover base portion of the plant tightly and hang the part upside down. Observe the plant for a week. Based on your observation how can you support phototropism?
Answer:
Aim : To prove that phototropism is a character that is carried by stem.

Apparatus: Potted plant, a strong small rope.

Procedure : Take a small potted plant. Cover the base portion of the plant tightly so that the plant along with soil do not fell down. Now take a rope and hang the potted plant upside down to a support firmly. Observe the plant after a week.

Observation : We observe that the end of the stem which is upside down takes ‘U’ turn and growing towards light.

Conclusion: Phototropism is a response towards light of plants that the stem grows towards light that is negatively to gravitation. Auxins are responsible for phototropism.

Question 21.
Take a cock feather touch smoothly at different parts of your body. Find out which portion of the body has high sensation. Is this similar during sleeping? Prepare a report on it.
Answer:
Aim : To prove that our body shows high sensation in different parts.

Apparatus: Cock feather.

Procedure: Take a cock feather. Touch smoothly at different parts of our body with the cock feather.

Observation : It is observed that some of the body parts like arm pits, ear lobes, under neck, palms of hands and soles of feet there is less sensation than the other body parts because the skin is thick. Some other parts where the skin is thin, the sensation is more.

Conclusion : The nerve endings are situated in the skin. These nerve endings are responsible for the sensation of the body.

Question 22.
What procedure do you follow to understand the effect of plant growth hormones (in agar medium) in the terminal portion of the tip of stem (coleoptile)?
Answer:
Aim : To show the growth of Avena coleoptile involves a chemical substance.

Apparatus: Oat seedlings (Avena sativa), coleoptile, a slice of agar, a sharp blade.

Procedure : Take some seedlings of coleoptile cut the tips by using a sharp blade. Place the tips on a slice of agar and leave them for about an hour. Cut the agar into small blocks and place a block on one side each stump of the decapitated plants. They were kept in the dark during the entire experiment. Observe the plants after one hour.

Observation : It is observed that a distinct bending away from the side on which the agar block was placed. Agar block that had not been in contact with coleoptile tip produced either no bending or only a slight bending towards the side on which the block had been placed.

Conclusion : The coleoptile tip exerted its effect by means of a chemical stimulus such as an electrical impulse. This chemical stimulus came to be known as auxin.

Question 23.
Collect information on the actions controlled by spinal cord by using reference books from your school library.
Answer:
Spinal cord:

• Spinal cord is a long and cylindrical structure. It passes through vertibral column extending all along the dorsal surface of trunk.
• Vertebrae of the vertebral column protects the spinal cord.
• The spinal cord has two major functions,
  a) carrying information
  b) coordinating reflexes.
• It receives sensory information through the afferent nerves from the sensory receptors throughout the body and sends them to the brain.
•  It also carries information from the brain through efferent fibres to the muscles and glands.
• It coordinates reflexes without the involvement of the brain.
  Thus the spinal cord has both communicative and integrative functions.

Reflex actions:

• Excepting the sensory and motor functions, spinal cord controls some other important functions also. These are called as reflex actions.
• The spinal cord does riot take any assistance from the brain. Reflex actions are automatic, unlearned, involuntary and inborn responses.
• Therefore these actions are suddenly in nature and have a purpose of protecting the individuals or his / her organs from sudden danger.

Question 24.
Read the following sentences and compare with endocrine glands.
a. Pheromones are chemical substances secreted by organisms.
b. These act as chemical signals secreted by exocrine glands.
c. Pheromones are used as signals by the members of same species.
d. Honey bee secretes pheromones that attract other bees to the location of food.
Answer:
1) Hormones are produced and act inside the body of an organism, whereas pheromones are produced interiorly, but function outside the body.

2) Hormone changes the interior of the body and finally causes to have behavioral attractions whereas pheromones are capable of directly changing the social behaviour of others.

3) Hormones are Present in both animals and plants but pheromones are present in animals only.

Question 25.
Collect the information about cranial nerves. Spinal nerves from internet or from your school library.
Answer:
The peripheral nervous system is the network of spinal (31 pairs) and cranial nerves (12 pairs) that are linked to the brain and spinal cord on one end and muscles to the other.

Cranial nerves or cerebral nerves that emerge directly from fore-brain and brain stein. The brain receives information from each of the cranial nerve and issues controls the functions of various structures, primarily of head and neck.

Each of the cranial nerve is paired on the left and right in humans. There are twelve pairs which are assigned roman numerals I to XII. An additional pair of cranial nerve stermed cranial nerve zero (CNO). The cranial nerves O, I and I and II emerge from cerebrum, the remaining ten pairs emerge from the brain stem. The ten cranial nerves and their functions are as follows.

Spinal Nerves : The term spinal nerves generally refers to a mixed spinal nerve, with carries motor sensory and automatic signals between the spinal cord and the body. Humans have left – right pairs of spinal nerves corresponding to the segment of vertebral column.

Outside the vertebral column the nerve divides int branches. Spinal nerves take their origin from spinal cord. All of them are mixed nerves having both sensory and motor fibres. The sensory fibres originate from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. They carry information from organs to spinal cord. The motor fibres take their origin from the ventral horns of the spinal cord. These supply information required for the movement of the muscles.

Question 26.
Draw a picture representing connection between dendrite-dendrite, axon-dendrite. Why do they connect like that?
Answer:
The nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of nervours system consists of more then 100 billion of them, which communicate with each other in a specific manner. Dendrites of one nerve cell connect to the axons of other nerve cell through connections called a synapse.

Question 27.
Draw a neatly labelled diagram of brain and write few points how it is protected.
Answer:
Brain is present in the hard bony box like structure called cranium. It is covered by three layers called meninges. The space between the inner layer is filled with fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. It serves a shock – absorbing medium and protects the brain against shocks/jerks along with the meninges and cranium.

Question 28.
You are walking in the traffic suddenly you heard a loud sound. How coordination takes place in this situation among respected organs? Draw a block diagram to explain this situation.
Answer:

Question 29.
Make a model of neuron using suitable materials.
Answer:
Required materials: a chart, twine thread, fevicol, sticker.

Question 30.
Observe different actions performed by your classmate for a period of 45 minutes. Out of those actions which are controlled by voluntary and involuntary pathways.
Answer:
Voluntary actions:

• standing
• sitting
• laughing
• drinking
• moving
• clapping carrying books
• reading
• writing
• talking

Involuntary actions:

• Blinking of eyes
• swallowing
• breathing
• listening, etc.

Question 31.
Its very interesting to watch a creeper entwining its tendril to the support. How do you appreciate it?
Answer:

• A very interesting thing in plants is movement of tendrils.
• All plants show positive response to phototropism.
• But creepers like cucumber, bitter guard the stem is weak and thin hence plant cannot grow erect.
• Tendrils play a vital role to make the plant erect. Tendrils are thin thread like growth on the leaves or stems of climbing plant.
• They grow towards support and wind around them.
• This type of response to make contact or touch is called thigmotropism.
• Nature only finds its way to grow and survive on the earth.

Question 32.
Hormones are released at a speicific place, specific time for a specific function. Prepare a cartoon on hormones with a nice caption.
Answer:

Fill in the blanks :

1. The largest region of the brain is …………….
2. A point of contact between two neurons is …………….
3. ……………. phytohormone is responsible for cell elongation and differentiation of shoot tips and root tips.
4. Thyroxine is responsible for …………….
5. Gibberellins and auxins promote growth in plants while abscisic acid arrests the same.
Some situations are discussed here. State which hormones would be needed and why?
A. To grow a large Dahlia plant a gardener should use nutrients along with hormone.
B. To grow long branches in dwarf plants, one would use hormone.
C. Seeds are to be stored for a long time hormone can help.
D. When the apex / stem tip is cut off, to ensure growth of several lateral buds hormone has to be used.
Answer:
1. cerebrum
2. synapse
3. Auxin
4. General growth rate and metabolic rate
5.
A. Auxin
B. Gibberellin
C. Absciscic acid
D. Cytokinins

Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
A person has loss of control on emotions. Which part of brain stops its function?
A. Cerebrum
B. Diencephalon
C. Mid brain
D. Cerebellum
Answer:
B. Diencephalon

Question 2.
Leaf movement in mimosa helps to
A. Reduce photosynthesis
B. Protect from grazers
C. Release phytohormones
D. Regulate its growth
Answer:
B. Protect from grazers

Question 3.
Diabetes is related to this gland.
A. Thyroid
B. Pancreas
C. Adrenal
D. Pituitary
Answer:
B. Pancreas

TS 10th Class Biology 5th Lesson Coordination Intext Questions

1 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
What helps us to respond to such signals of change?
Answer:
There is a sequence of events that brings about responses. They start from detecting a stimuli of changes in environment.

Question 2.
Why does the living body respond to such signals?
Answer:
The ability to react to particular stimulus in a particular situation must be of great importance in ensuring the survival of the organism.

Question 3.
What did Galen conclude after lais observations?
Answer:
After the observations of his patient, Galen a Greek physiologist concluded that nerves were of two types – those of sensation and those of action.

Question 4.
Which organ of our body was the detector and which the effector to Activity 1?
Answer:
In Activity – 1. Eye was the detector and fingers are the effector.

Question 5.
What do you think that the information carried on the afferent and efferent nerves?
Answer:
The information carried by afferent nerves is scale is falling.
The information carried by the efferent nerve is to hold the scale.

Question 6.
Which root according to you gets signals from afferent nerves?
Answer:
The dorsal root of the spinal cord gets signals from afferent nerves.

Question 7.
To which organs of the body do the nerves go from the ganglions near the vertebral column?
Answer:
The organs like heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, kidneys, hand fingers of the body, the nerves go from the ganglions near the vertebral column.

Question 8.
What are the organs that receive nerves starling from the brain?
Answer:
Eye, mouth, tongue, salivary glands are the organs that receive nerves starting from the brain.

Question 9.
Which are the organs whose activities are influenced by the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer:
Eye – pupil, heart, lungs, blood vessels, sweat glands, digestive tract, kidneys, penis are the organs influenced by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 10.
Which are the organs whose activities are influenced by the parasympathetic system?
Answer:
Stomach, intestines, salivary glands, reproductive organs, etc., are influenced by para sympathetic system.

2 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
Why do you think Galen drew such a conclusion?
Answer:
According to him the blow ¡n the neck of his patient had damaged the nerves of sensation but had not affected its action. Then Galen concluded that nerves were of two types.

Question 2.
What other effectors would act under these circumstances?
Answer:
Withdraw our hands, when our fingers touch a hot object, closing eyes when bright light is focussed on eyes, we sneeze when something enters the nose, we cough when inhaled dust are some of circumstances.

Question 3.
What does this tell us about the association of nerves?
Answer:
In the spinal cord, the sensory nerve makes connections with other neurons in the grey matter. These neurons are called association neurons or interneurons. The association neurons process the information and generate responses.

Question 4.
According to you what would be the function of the spinal cord?
Answer:
Function of the spinal cord is receiving information from the spinal nerves (31 pairs) sending them to the brain and taking the information from the brain to various parts of the body through the motor nerves.

Question 5.
Are all functions of our body under direct control of the brain and spinal cord? What do you think so?
Answer:
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves arising from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord.

These 43 pairs of nerves bring information from the body parts to the brain and spinal cord carrying information from brain and spinal cord to the body parts.

It is cleared that cranial nerves and spinal nerves are connecting between the body parts and brain and spinal cord to coordinate and control the functions by the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6.
What do you think the end of these nerves act at the muscular end?
Answer:
At the end of these nerves can either involuntary control several functions of regions like internal organs, blood vessels, smooth and cardiac muscles and is called as autonomous nervous system. It has voluntary control of muscles of some areas of skin and the skeletal muscle.

Question 7.
What do you understand about the functions of parasympathetic system?
Answer:
Parasympathetic system slows down the body functions, feed & breed, rest & digest, sexual arose, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion are the functions controlled by parasympathetic system.

Question 8.
What do you understand about the functions of sympathetic system?
Answer:
Sympathetic system speeds up the body functions. Dilates pupil, heart rate – increases force of contraction, lungs dilates, blood vessels contraction etc., are the functions controled by sympathetic system.

4 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
Think of any action and try to make a sketch of reflex arc.
Answer:

TS 10th Class Biology 5th Lesson Coordination Activities

Activity – 1.

Holding a falling stick
Answer:
Take a long scale or stick at least around ½ meter. Keep your fingers in holding position. Ask your friend to hold the stick / scale near the end and let the other end be suspended between your fingers.

Let there be a very small gap around a centimetre between your thumb and stick/scale and fore finger. Now let your friend allow it to fall. Try to hold it.

i. Could you hold it exactly at the point where it was suspended between your fingers?
Answer:
No. I cannot hold it exactly at the point.

ii. How far up was this point from the end suspended between your fingers?
Answer:
2 cm up (nearly at the end of the scale).

iii. Why did this happen?
Answer:
Because it is the sudden action. To hold it tastly. The exact point went up.

iv. How fast do you think the process was?
Answer:
The process was so fast in a fraction of seconds.

v. What makes this kind of communication possible?
Answer:
Rapidity of response indicates an efficient communication system linking those parts that pick up stimuli that trigger a response is the nervous system.

Activity – 2.

Observe the permanent slide of nerve cell or neuron under microscope and try to find out its parts. Compare with the following diagram.
Answer:
Structural unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell or neuron.
Neuron is highly specialised cell. Neurons carry impulses or messages.
New nerve cells are not produced to replace the damaged or destroyed nerve cell. A neuron has three parts. They are

• cyton
• axon and
• dendrites.

1) The cyton : It is the cell body. It has a large and round nucleus. In the cytoplasm of the cyton, nissi granules are present.

2) Axon: It is the long and cylindrical process that arises from the cyton. In some nerve cells, axon is surrounded by a layer of fatty material known as myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is not continuous throughout length of the axon. It is broken at regular intervals. These broken spots are called as nodes of Ranvier.

3) Dendrites: Arise from the cyton they are much branched, when compared to axon.

Activity – 3.

What is knee jerk reflex?
Answer:
Cross the legs, in a seated position, so that the lower half of the uppermost leg hangs freely over the other. Strike the area below the knee cap sharply, while firmly grasping the front part of the thigh with the other hand. Note the changes in shape of the thigh muscles.

i. What changes do you observe in the thigh muscle?
Answer:
The thigh muscles get contracted the muscle becomes short.

ii. What do we call this type of response?
Answer:
This type of responses are called involuntary actions. Such type of actions in the body are carried by without our involvement and our knowledge.

iii. What do we call the action of kicking a football?
Answer:
Kicking of a football is a voluntary action. These actions are within our control.

iv. How does the knee jerk action take place?
Answer:
In the knee jerk action a nerve PathwaY was involved.

v. Do you think most of the functions in our body go about in an involuntary manner? Why? Why not?
Answer:
Most of our body functions are done without the involvement of our knowledge. For example heart beating. respiration, digestion, etc. are the involuntary actions which are carried by our body.

Activity – 4.

Touch the leaves of Mimosa pudica (athipathi, touch me not) plant and observe the response of leaves.

i. Are they folding?
Answer:
When the leaves of Mimosa are touched the leaves get folding.
Touching the leaves is the stimulus and folding is the response.

ii. In which direction does the folding of the leaves take place?
Answer:
The folding of the leaves takes place inward direction.

iii) Give some examples of situations in plants responding to a certain stimulus.
Answer:
Examples: The sunflower turning to the direction of sun, the bending response of the plant when it is kept in the dark. Some leaves of the trees open at the day time and close after sunset.

Phototropism of stem and geotropism of roots, hydrotropism of roots of plants growing towards water and thigmo tropism where the creepers like cucumber, bitter guard take the help of tendrils and wind around the support are some of the examples of response to stimulus in plants.

Activity – 5.

Take a glass jar with soil. Sow a bean seed near the wall of the jar. After 4-5 days you will notice seed germination. Keep the jar under the sun. Observe how root and shoot grows. Then tilt the glass jar and keep the plant horizontally.

Observe the direction of the root and shoot growth for more than a week.

i. Does the shoot take a horizontal tilt after a week?
Answer:
After a week the shoot takes a horizontal tilt.

ii. Which side of the shoot may have grown more and which side less to bring about this effect?
Answer:
The shoot grown more towards the light and less where light is not falling.

iii. Do you find any difference in the shape of epidermal cells?
Answer:
The straight portions of the epidermal cells shows no bending hut the bending portions of epidermal cells shows bending.

iv. Who performed experiments on phototropism?
Answer:
Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin performed some experiments on phototropism.

v. What did they do in their experiment?
Answer:
Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin performed experiments on phototropism. They covered the terminal portion of the tip of stem (coleoptile) with a cylinder of metal foil. Exposed the plant to light coming from the side.

vi. What did they observe by that experiment?
Answer:
They observed that the bending towards the light (characteristic) of the seedling did not occur. If light was permitted to penetrate the cylinder bending occurred normally.

vii. What did Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin state on their experiment?
Answer:
They stated that when seedlings are freely exposed to a lateral light some ‘influence’ is transmitted from upper to the lower part causing the material to bend.

viii. What are the experiments of F. W. Went and how did he succeed in separating ‘influence’ from the plant?
Answer:
F.W. Went cut off coleoptile tips from oat seedlings. He placed the tips on a slice of agar and left them for about an hour. He then cut agar into small blocks and placed a block on one side each stump of the discapitated plants. They were kept in the dark during the entire experiment. Within one hour he observed a distinct bending away from the side on which agar block was placed.

ix. How did Went come to know about auxin?
Answer:
Went interpreted these experiments as showing that the coleoptile tip exerted it’s effect by means of chemical stimulus rather than a physical stimulus such as an electrical impulse. This chemical stimulus came to be known as auxin in this way the first plant hormone auxin was discovered by F.W. Went.

x. What is the meaning of auxin in Greek’
Answer:
The Greek word auxin means to increase.

These TS 10th Class English Important Questions 5th lesson Social Issues will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class English Important Questions 5th lesson Social Issues

Section – A : Reading Comprehension

(Q.1 – 7)

(A) Read the following passage.

There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. It had come up the winding road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. The road was now down-hill and yet the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull. Now, the destination was hardly a mile or two away. But the driver was sore and the conductor had no option but to be silent. When they realized that the bus wouldn’t move any faster, a couple of passengers exclaimed: “Goddammit for a bloody nuisance!”

The conductor asked the passengers to get down and they all put their strength together to push the bus. Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up, jostling one another. The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually took on speed. It entered the village reluctantly like a truant child being dragged to school.

As it wound its way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about to lay eggs, and stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil’s residence. As it halted, it gave a big lurch, sending the passengers helter-skelter, churned like water in a pitcher when the carrier stumbles. All the passengers got down.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The author of these lines is
(A) Sudha Murthy
(B) Waman Govind Haval
(C) Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi
(D) An article from Frontline
Answer:
(C) Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi

Question 2.
“………… the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of an¬other”. What figure of speech do you find here ?
(A) Simile
(B) Metaphor
(C) Personification
(D) Hyperbole
Answer:
(A) Simile

Question 3.
A couple of passengers exclaimed “Goddammit for a bloody nuisance”. They said so because
(A) they were angry
(B) they were tired
(C) the bus wouldn’t move any faster.
(D) The bus did not reach the destination
Answer:
(C) the bus wouldn’t move any faster.

Question 4.
As the bus halted, it gave a big lurch, sending the passengers “helter-skelter”,
(A) in great disorder
(B) sending the passengers in different directions
(C) in an orderly manner
(D) in disorderly haste
Answer:
(D) in disorderly haste

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why did a couple of passengers express their annoyance ?
Answer:
There was something really wrong with the state transport bus. It travelled on the hilly road as If with a life-time effort. When the passengers realized that the bus would not move any faster, they got angry. A couple of passengers expressed their annoyance as the bus came to a halt.

Question 6.
What did the conductor ask the passengers ? And why ?
Answer:
When the slow-moving bus reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, it came to ahalt. It stood still. Some of the passengers got annoyed and angry. Then the conductor asked the passengers to get down and they all put their strength to push the bus.

Question 7.
How did the bus move and where did it stop ?
Answer:
All the passengers put their strength together, and pushed the bus. Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. The passengers boarded the bus. It entered the village reluctantly. It stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil’s residence.

(B) Read the following passage.

There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. It had come up the winding road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. The road was now down-hill and yet the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull.

Now, the destination was hardly a mile or two away. But the driver was sore and the conductor had no option but to be silent. When they realized that the bus wouldn’t move any faster, a couple of passengers exclaimed: “Goddammit for a bloody nuisance!”

The conductor asked the passengers to get down and they all put their strength together to push the bus. Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up, jostling one another. The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually took on speed. It entered the village reluctantly like a truant child being dragged to school.

As it wound its way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about tolay eggs, and stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil’s residence. As it halted, it gave a big lurch, sending the passengers helter-skelter, churned like water in a pitcher when the carrier stumbles.
All the passengers got down.

The coolie put his hand on a huge wooden box and shouted, ‘Whose box is this?’ Bayaji, who was brushing away the dust from his body, answered, ‘Oh, it’s mine, please lower it down.’

‘The coolie heaved and grunted as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease.

Bayaji had packed his entire household goods in this box. There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay. He had worked honestly for the past thirty-five years in the dockyard and had retired from service two months before. Not that he had held an important position. He had merely got an extension for two years; during that period he had become a supervisor. Otherwise his entire life had been spent lifting heavy loads. He had worked very hard whenever he could, day and night.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The expression, “The coolie heaved and grunted as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease,” is used to suggest that
(A) the coolie was very strong and healthy.
(B) Bayaji was very strong and healthy.
(C) the coolie used to heave and grunt when he lowered the box.
(D) Bayaji used to catch with ease when he took any kind of box.
Answer:
(B) Bayaji was very strong and healthy.

Question 2.
The tone of the expression, “Goddammit for a bloody nuisance is!” is
(A) anger.
(B) agony.
(C) anxiety.
(D) excitement.
Answer:
(A) anger.

Question 3.
What does ‘it’ refer to in the expression, “Oh, it’s mine, please lower it down.” ?
(A) water in a picther
(B) the dust
(C) Bayaji’s wooden box
(D) a hen about to lay eggs
Answer:
(C) Bayaji’s wooden box

Question 4.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “stubborn” ?
(A) obstinate
(B) sore
(C) jostle
(D) groan
Answer:
(A) obstinate

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What does Bayaji mean by saying, “There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay” ?
Answer:
Bayaji retired from his service after he had crossed sixty. He had worked in the dockyard in Bombay. After his retirement he wanted to leave Bombay and return to his native place to spend his rest of life. Hence he says, There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay.

Question 6.
Why do you think the bus driver was sore ?
Answer:
The bus was not in a good condition. Though the road was down-hill, It moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull. So the dnver was sore.

Question 7.
How did Bayaji work ?
Answer:
Bayaji worked honestly in the dockyard. He also worked very hard whenever he could, day and night.

(C) Read the following passage.

The coolie put his hand on a huge wooden box and shouted, ‘Whose box is this?’ Bayaji, who was brushing away the dust from his body, answered, ‘Oh, it’s mine, please lower it down.’

The coolie heaved and grunted as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease.

Bayaji had packed his entire household goods in this box. There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay. He had worked honestly for the past thirty-five years in the dockyard and had retired from service two months before. Not that he had held an important position. He had merely got an extension for two years; during that period he had become a supervisor. Otherwise his entire life had been spent lifting heavy loads. He had worked very hard whenever he could, day and night.

Bayaji had crossed sixty but was in sound health. He had a sturdy frame right from birth, and hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body. He paid fifteen paise to the coolie, put the box, in which he had thrown pots and pans and sundry other things, on his own head and began to walk in the direction of his house.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The word grunted means:
(A) cried aloud
(B) shouted loudly
(C) made a low sound
(D) all the above
Answer:
(C) made a low sound

Question 2.
Bayaji retired from service
(A) two months before
(B) two years before
(C) two decades before
(D) only last week
Answer:
(A) two months before

Question 3.
Wherever he worked (Bayaji) he worked _______ (fill in the blank)
(A) sincerely
(B) hard
(C) honestly
(D) hardly
Answer:
(C) honestly

Question 4.
During the last two years (extended) of service, Bayaji worked as _______
(A) supervisor
(B) clerk
(C) labourer
(D) U.D.C
Answer:
(A) supervisor

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Describe the physical condition of Bayaji.
Answer:
Bayaji had crossed sixty but was In sound health. He had a sturdy frame right from birth. Moreover, hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body. He walked to his house keeping the box on his head.

Question 6.
What was/were there in his box ? How was it unloaded from the bus ?
Answer:
The coolie heaved and grunted, as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease. The box contained only some pots and pans, nails and photographs.

Question 7.
How did Bayaji work during his service at the dockyard ?
Answer:
Bayaji had worked honestly for the past thirty-five years in the dockyard and had retired from service two months before. He had merely got an extension for two years and he held an important position. During his extension period he had become a supervisor. Otherwise his entire life had been spent lifting heavy loads.

(D) Read the following passage.

Bayaji had packed his entire house- hold goods in this box. There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay. He had worked honestly for the past thirty five years in the dockyard and had retired from service two months before. Not that he had held an impor-tant position. He had merely got an extension for two years; during that period he had become a supervisor. Otherwise his entire life had been spent lifting heavy loads. He had worked very hard whenever he could, day and night.

Bayaji had crossed sixty but was in sound health. He had a sturdy frame right from birth, and hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body. He paid fifteen paise to the coolie, put the box, in which he had thrown pots and pans and sundry other things, on his own head and began to walk in the direction of his house.
Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
What was the important position that was held by Bayaji ?
(A) a coolie
(B) a supervisor
(C) a driver
(D) a conductor
Answer:
(B) a supervisor

Question 2.
What was the reason for Bayaji’s packing his entire household goods in a box?
(A) He was removed from his job and leaving for his native village.
(B) He retired from his job and was leaving for his native village.
(C) He was promoted as a supervisor and was moving to his workplace.
(D) He was going to shift his goods to his new house.
Answer:
(A) He was removed from his job and leaving for his native village.

Question 3.
What kind of a man was Bayaji ?
(A) honest and hard working
(B) smooth and strong
(C) old and strong
(D) honest but not sincere
Answer:
(B) smooth and strong

Question 4.
Bayaji paid fifteen paise to the cooli. What does this tell us about Bayaji ?
(A) He was jealous
(B) He was kind
(C) He was sensitive
(D) He was serious
Answer:
(A) He was jealous

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What was the reason for Bayaji’s stay in Bombay ?
Answer:
He was working in the dockyard of Bombay.

Question 6.
What were the two reasons for Bayaji’s strong body ?
Answer:
(i) He had a sturdy frame right from the birth.
(ii) His hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body.

Question 7.
What would happen if Bayaji did not become the supervisor ?
Answer:
He had to spend his entire life lifting heavy loads, as a coolie.

(E) Read the following passage.

Bayaji had crossed sixty but was in sound health. He had a sturdy frame right from birth, and hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body. He paid fifteen paise to the coolie, put the box, in which he had thrown pots and pans and sundry other things, on his own head and began to walk in the direction of his house.

As he reached Kadam’s house, he saw Bhujaba coming towards him. Bhujaba was a known rascal of the village. Bayaji balanced the burden on his head. Straightening his neck,he said, ‘Greetings to you, sir, how are things with you?’

Bayaji was a Mahar by caste and according to age-old custom he should have greeted Bhujaba with ‘My humble salutations to you, sir, who are my father and mother/ So, when Bayaji merely said ‘Greetings.’ Bhujaba became furious and said, ‘Do you think you can become a Brahmin merely by saying “Greeting? Can you forget your position simply because you’ve turned a Buddhist?’

Bayaji was nonplussed. For a moment, he was tempted to knock him down with his box but realised that he couldn’t afford to do so. Besides, now he had come back to his village for good. He was to spend the rest of his days on this soil and would be interred in the same soil. He would not be able to return to Pune or Bombay hereafter. It was not a good policy to incur the hostility of anyone in the village, least so of the Patil, the village headman.

So he said in a meek tone, ‘Sir, why spring this on me even before I set foot on the soil of my forefathers? I have to stay here till the end of my life.’

‘Why? Aren’t you going back to your job?’ asked Bhujaba. ‘No sir, my service is over, I’ve turned sixty.’ With this Bayaji lifted the load from his head a little to place it in position.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Bayaji would not be able to return to Pune or Bombay thereafter because
(A) Bayaji got extension for two years.
(B) Bayaji didn’t have enough money to buy a ticket.
(C) Bayaji had returned from service.
(D) Bayaji’s family insisted him not to leave them and go to Pune or Bombay.
Answer:
(C) Bayaji had returned from service.

Question 2.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “several” ?
(A) sundry
(B) sturdy
(C) furious
(D) nonplussed
Answer:
(A) sundry

Question 3.
The age-old custom mentioned in the passage was
(A) the low caste people’s greeting the high caste people respectfully.
(B) the high caste people’s greeting the low caste people respectfully.
(C) a Mahar’s greeting another Mahar respectfully.
(D) Bayaji’s greeting Bhujaba with less respect.
Answer:
(A) the low caste people’s greeting the high caste people respectfully.

Question 4.
What type of text is this passage ?
(A) A story
(B) A detailed report
(C) An autobiography
(D) A narrative
Answer:
(D) A narrative

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
At first Bayaji was tempted to knock Bhujaba down with his box but later he decide against it. Why ?
Answer:
Bayaji realised that he couldn’t afford to do so. He had come back to his village for good. He was to spend the rest of his days on that soil (his native place) and would be interred in the same soil. Hence he felt that it was not a good policy to incur the hostility of anyone in the village.

Question 6.
“Bhujaba became furious and ” Why do you think Bhujaba became furious ?
Answer:
Bayaji was a Mahar by caste and according to age-old custom should have greeted Bhujaba with ‘My humble salutations to you, sir, who are my father and mother.’ So, when Bayaji merely said ‘Greetings’, Bhujaba became furious.

Question 7.
Describe Bayaji’s physique.
Answer:
Though Bayaji had crossed sixty, he was in sound health. He had a sturdy frame nght from birth, and hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body.

(F) Read the following passage.

Bayaji was nonplussed. For a moment, he was tempted to knock him down with his box but realised that he couldn’t afford to do so. Besides, now he had come back to his village for good. He was to spend the rest of his days on this soil and would be interred in the same soil. He would not be able to return to Pune or Bombay hereafter. It was not a good policy to incur the hostility of anyone in the village, least so of the Patil, the village headman.

So he said in a meek tone, ‘Sir, why spring this on me even before I set foot on the soil of my fore fathers? I have to stay here till the end of my life.’

‘Why? Aren’t you going back to your job?’ asked Bhujaba. ‘No sir, my service is over, I’ve turned sixty.’ With this Bayaji lifted the load from his head a little to place it in position.

‘Then you’ve collected your fund amount?’ Bhujaba was taking his measure. ‘Yes, sir’, Bayaji replied with pride. ‘How much?’ Bhujaba asked greedily. ‘Not much, what can a daily worker earn?’ Bayaji answered. ‘Why won’t you mention the figure, man?’ Bhujaba persisted artfully.

‘Some two and a half thousand rupees.’ Bayaji gave the correct figure.
‘Bayaji, you have a heavy load on your head. Go to your house first we’ll talk at leisure later.’ Bhujaba said in mock sympathy.

‘Yes, yes’ Bayaji mumbled and walked in the direction of his house. At the moment, Bayaji was the proud owner of two and a half thousand rupees in cash, so it made no difference whether he was an untouchable or a Buddhist. If only one could swindle out of the untouchable Bayaji- or rather Buddhist, Bayaji – four or five hundred rupees, that was enough. With the thought in his mind, Bhujaba entered his wada, the big house.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
What do you mean by the word ‘it’ in the expression,” _______ so it made no difference whether he was an untouchable or a Buddhist” ?
(A) owning money
(B) becoming a Buddhist
(C) being an untouchable
(D) swindling one’s money
Answer:
(A) owning money

Question 2.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “ill will”?
(A) inter
(B) incur
(C) hostility
(D) spring
Answer:
(C) hostility

Question 3.
The good policy according to Bayaji was
(A) to spend the rest of his days in his native village.
(B) not to incur the hostility of anyone in his native village.
(C) to spend the rest of his days in Pune or Bombay.
(D) not to incur the hostility of anyone in Pune or Bombay.
Answer:
(B) not to incur the hostility of anyone in his native village.

Question 4.
The thought that was lingering in Bhujaba’s mind when he entered his wada, the big house was
(A) to convert as a Buddhist
(B) to swindle four or five hundred rupees from a Buddhist.
(C) to swindle four or five hundred rupees from an untouchable.
(D) to swindle four or five hundred rupees from Bayaji.
Answer:
(D) to swindle four or five hundred rupees from Bayaji.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why do you think Bayaji was nonplussed ?
Answer:
When Bayaji merely said ‘Greetings’, Bhujaba became furious and asked him if he thought he could become a Brahmin merely by saying ‘Greetings”. He also asked Bayaji if he could forget his position simply because he had turned Buddhist. With Bhujaba’s words, Bayaji became nonplussed.

Question 6.
Bhujaba enquired, “Then you’ve collected your fund amount ?” What were Bhujaba’s intentions behind asking this question ?
Answer:
Bhujaba came to know from Bayaji that Bayaji had received his fund amount. Then he also came to know the actual amount received by Bayaji. Bhujaba wanted to swindle four or five hundred rupees from Bayaji. These were Bayaji’s evil intentions.

Question 7.
Why was Bayaji not going back to his job ?
Answer:
Bayaji had crossed sixty and then he retired from his service. He wanted to spend the rest of his days in his native place and so he came to his native place. As he had retired from his service, Bayaji was not going back to his job.

(G) Read the following passage.

Exchanging pleasantries with people he met on the way, Bayaji reached the public building called Takkya in the untouchables’ settlement. The building was named Buddha Vihar by those who had embraced Buddhism. As Bayaji neared Buddha Vihar, the children, who were playing with a ball made of rags, finished their game and cried out, ‘Baiju Nana is here, Baiju Nana is here!’ and scampered in the direction of Bayaji’s house.

Bayaji’s eightyfive-year-old mother quickly scrambled to her feet. She had aged much but her old-worn frame was still sturdy, and her teeth were strong enough to break grams. She could thread a needle without help. When she heard of Bayaji’s arrival her heart swelled.

As Bayaji came in, his wife concealed her joy with the end of her sari and took down the box from his head. His grandchildren clung to him and began to twist the folds of his dhoti. The neighbouring children watched the scene in idle curiosity.

‘Come, get into the house, children!’ said Bayaji. His mother walked out with a bent back and told Bayaji to wait outside the door. Bayaji obeyed.
Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The building was named Buddha Vihar by those
(A) who had embraced Buddhism
(B) who didn’t believe in caste system
(C) who belonged to lower castes of society
(D) who believed in the tenets of Lord Buddha.
Answer:
(A) who had embraced Buddhism

Question 2.
We can say that Bayaji’s eighty – five – year-old mother was strongly built
(A) because her teeth were strong enough to break grams
(B) she could thread a needle with someone’s help
(C) because she quickly scrambled to her feet when Bayaji,came home.
(D) because she was energetic in spite of her old age
Answer:
(A) because her teeth were strong enough to break grams

Question 3.
Bayaji’s mother walked with a bent back and told him to wait the door. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.
(A) at
(B) behind
(C) outside
(D) inside
Answer:
(C) outside

Question 4.
“Exchanging pleasantries with people he met on the way”……. here the term pleasantries means.
(A) greetings
(B) humorous remarks
(C) witty sayings
(D) jocular utterances
Answer:
(B) humorous remarks

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
How did the children respond to the arrival of Bayaji ?
Answer:
The children were playing with a ball made of rags. They finished their game and cried out that Baiju Nana was there, Baiju Nana was there. They welcomed him cheerfully. They ran quickly in the direction of Bayaji’s house.

Question 6.
How old was Bayaji’s mother ? Describe her physical condition ?
Answer:
Bayaji’s mother was an old woman who was eighty-five years of age. She had aged much but her old- worn frame was still sturdy. Her teeth were strong enough to break grams. She was able to thread a needle without help. When she heard Bayaji’s arrival, her joy knew no bounds.

Question 7.
How did Bayaji’s wife feel when he returned home ?
Answer:
As Bayaji’ came in, his wife felt very happy. But she concealed her joy with the end of her san and took down the box from his head.

(H) Read the following passage.

‘Come, get into the house, children!’ said Bayaji. His mother walked out with a’ bent back and told Bayaji to wait outside the door. Bayaji obeyed.

The old woman came forward, poured some water over the piece of bread in her hand, moved it around Bayaji’s face and flung it away as an offering. She ran her palms over his cheeks and pressed her fingers on her temples. All eight fingers gave out a cracking sound.

Bayaji’s family was doing well. He had eight children in all, six sons and two daughters. The daughters had been married off and had given birth to children. The elder son looked after the fields, the next two sons were in government service, the one after them was a school- teacher and the sixth one was still studying. Since they knew that Bayaji was coming home for good, the elder son in service and the two daughters were already home to greet him. All of them wondered what their father had got for them from his lifetime’s earnings.

The next day when Bayaji opened the box, it revealed only some pots and pans, nails and photographs.

Looking at these, the elder daughter asked, ‘Nana, how is it that you haven’t brought anything for us?’
Bayaji was amused that his daughters thought in this childish manner even after they had children of their own. He ran his eyes over all his children and said, ‘Look here, children, if I had brought new clothes for you, they’d tear, if I had brought an ornament it would soon wear out. Out of my earnings I wish you to have something that’ll last longer. Bayaji paused after these words.

His eldest son was godly. He said, ‘Neither we nor our wives want anything. Tell us what you’d like us to do.’

‘Look children, ours is such a large family. Even at mealtime, we’ve to eat by turns or sit crowded, knocking our knees together. I wish to build a house out of my earnings, and it has to be a storeyed house; the usual three-portioned house won’t be adequate for us.’ All were happy with this plan.

The plan was finalised and the foundation of the storeyed house was laid on the auspicious New Year Day.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Bayaji’s wish was
(A) to build a storeyed house in Bombay.
(B) to build a storeyed house in his native village.
(C) to build a storeyed house in Pune.
(D) to ouild a storeyed house in dockyard.
Answer:
(B) to build a storeyed house in his native village.

Question 2.
Bayaji obeyed his mother. What did he do ?
(A) Bayaji waited outside the door.
(B) Bayaji offered a piece of bread.
(C) Bayaji was offered a piece of bread.
(D) Bayaji poured some water over the piece of bread.
Answer:
(A) Bayaji waited outside the door.

Question 3.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “promising” ?
(A) auspicious
(B) pleasantry
(C) pausing
(D) offering
Answer:
(A) auspicious

Question 4.
“Out of my earnings I wish you to have somethin g that all last longer.” – What is the thing that’ll last longer according to Bayaji ?
(A) building a three-portioned house
(B) building a small house
(C) building a storeyed house
(D) building a thatched house
Answer:
(C) building a storeyed house

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
“Bayaji was amused….” Why do you think Bayaji was amused ?
Answer:
Bayaji’s son and two daughters came to their native village to greet him. All of them were eagerly waiting for the things to be brought by their father for them from his llfetimes earnings. But they saw only some pots and pans, nails and photographs in Bayaji’s box. So his elder daughter asked him how it was that he hadn’t brought anything for them. Hence Bayaji was amused that his daughters thought in the childish manner.

Question 6.
What did Bayaji’s elder son and daughters wonder ?
Answer:
Bayaji’s elder son and the two daughters were already home to greet him. All of them were waiting for him eagerly and wondered what their father had got for them from his lifetime’s earnings.

Question 7.
“All were happy with this plan.” – What was the plan ?
Answer:
Bayeji’s wish was to build a storeyed house out of his earnings. The usual three-portioned house was not adequate for them as theirs was a large family. So Bayaji’s plan was, to build a storeyed house.

(Q.8 – 12):

(A) Read the following passage.

The news that Bayaji was building a storeyed house spread like a cry from the rooftops. There was only one storeyed house in the village and that belonged to Kondiba Patil. That Bayaji, an untouchable creature, should think of a rival storeyed house was too much for Kondiba to bear. Others also murmured that the untouchables were forgetting their position. Work on the foundation had started. Dattaram Vadar was given the contract of construction. The foundation trenches were filled with mud, bits of stone and other fillings.

Work progressed with speed. One day Bayaji saw Kondiba coming towards him and greeted him. ‘It’s with your blessings that I have ventured on this storeyed house.

‘Baiju, you shouldn’t lose your head simply because you’ve set aside some money. Do you aspire to an equal status with us by building this house? The poor should remain content with their cottage, understand?’ Kondiba remarked rather sharply.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The writer of these lines is:
(A) Medora Chevalier
(B) Sudha Murthy
(C) Waman Govind Hoval
(D) From “Frontline”
Answer:
(C) Waman Govind Hoval

Question 9.
What figure of speech do you find in the first line of this passage?
(A) simile
(B) metaphor
(C) personification
(D) hyperbole
Answer:
(A) simile

Question 10.
Kondiba remarked rather sharply by saying
(A) that untouchables should not live in a storeyed house.
(B) Bayaji should never feel that he is equal to the people of upper castes as he has set aside some money
(C) that Bayaji should not lose his head because he had set aside some money.
(D) that the poor should remain content with their cottages.
Answer:
(D) that the poor should remain content with their cottages.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
How did the upper caste people feel about Bayaji’s construction of a storeyed house?
Answer:
The people of the upper class or caste were unable to tolerate the very idea of a Mehar living ¡n a storeyed house. Kondiba Patil warned him that he should not lose his head simply because he had set aside some money. Others also murmured that the untouchables were forgetting their position.

Question 12.
How was the foundation started ? To whom was the contract of the building given ?
Answer:
The contract of the building was given to Dattaram Vadar. Work on the foundation was started. The foundation trenches were filled with mud, bits of stone and other fillings. Work progressed with speed.

(B) Read the following passage.

‘You may go in for a storeyed house only if you don’t wish to stay in this village. I hope you know what I mean.’ Kondiba shot out as a warning and walked away. Other ruffians in the village threatened Bayaji in a similar manner.

Out of fear Bayaji had to abandon plans for the storeyed house. The conventional three-portioned house was taken up. Work was resumed and the walls rose rapidly. The middle portion was a little elevated and a small first storey fixed up there with a wooden flooring. This part could be reached by stairs rising from the kitchen. No one could guess from outside that there was a first storey to the house. Bayaji had to make the best of things.
The house was complete and the traditional house warming ceremony was planned. Invitations were sent to relatives in different villages.

The village elders, by convention, could not be invited to a meal or refreshments, so they were invited to the ceremonial paan-supari. Bayaji put up a fine pandal in front of the house. His sons worked hard for two full days on the decorations. Relatives started arriving. Well-known devotional singers, Kadegaonkar Buwa, Parasu Buwa, Kalekar Bapu Master, Jija Buwa and Vithoba of Wadgaon came with their troupes. People looked forward with delight to the forth- coming contest among the various troupes.

In the evening four petromax lights were hung in the four corners of the pandal. It lent a unique golden yellow light to the surroundings. Guests were engrossed in conversation.

Kondiba Patil was soon there. With him was the thug Bhujaba and four or five seasoned rascals like Vithoba Ghayakute and Parasu Martanda. These people felt uneasy at the sight of the brand new house, the impressive pandal and the crowd of smiling faces.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Bayaji had to give up his plans for the storeyed house because
(A) he didn’t have enough money to build it.
(B) he was afraid of his own caste people.
(C) Bhujaba warned him not to build the storeyed house.
(D) he didn’t have enough site.
Answer:
(C) Bhujaba warned him not to build the storeyed house.

Question 9.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “absorbed” ?
(A) seasoned
(B) resumed
(C) threatened
(D) engrossed
Answer:
(B) resumed

Question 10.
The mood of the people in the above passage is
(A) sullen
(B) delightful.
(C) sorrowful.
(D) malicious.
Answer:
(A) sullen

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What does Kondiba mean when he says, “You may go in for a storeyed house only if you don’t wish to stay in this village” ?
Answer:
Koridiba warned Bayaji to stop constructing the storeyed house. He also warned Bayaji that he would be thrown out of the village if he went on to build it. Kondiba didn’t bear the Idea of Bayaji, an untouchables building a storeyed house.

Question 12.
Why do you think the village elders were not invited to a meal or refreshments ?
Answer:
The village elders, by convention, could not be invited to a meal or refreshments. They were invited to the ceremonial pan-supari.

(C) Read the following passage.

Their eyes roved all over the place. Bayaji led them up the stairs in the kitchen. The first floor looked like a drawing room. The walls were radiant with blue oil-paint The fresh colour gave out a pleasant smell. Framed.pictures of great men like Lord Buddha, Dr. Babasaheb Amebedkar, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and others hung on the walls. The loft-like first floor was filled with a pious and holy ambience.

Bayaji spread a rough woollen carpet for Patil and the other high-caste people. Patil sat quietly on that. His companions, rather uncomfortable, took their positions around him; Bayaji.offered them the customary betel leaves. Patil accepted the leaves but immediately gave it back to Bayaji with the remark, ‘Yes, it’s all very nice!’
‘But why don’t you accept the betel leaves?’

Bayaji asked nervously. Bhujaba smiled artificially and said, ‘It’s enough that your offering is honoured; is it also necessary to eat it? We’ll make a move now.’ With this Kondiba.Patil, Bhujaba and his companions rose to leave. As they came down, Bhujaba felt as if he were tumbling down the stairs.

They eyed one another as if to say, ‘This untouchable worm has got a swollen head.He needs proper handling/
Bayaji fed all his guests with meal of shira and puris. Along with betel nuts items of gossip rolled over their tongues and then the session of social devotional songs began.

Among the Bhajan singers, Kalekar Bapu Master has a superior voice. Kadegaonkar Buwa was better at classical singing. Devotional songs were sung in praise of Dr. Babasaheb

Ambedkar and Lord Buddha. People swayed their heads in appreciation as the programme gathered momentum. It was two o’ clock in the morning. Bayaji was strutting about in the pandal. He sat down by a guest now and then, to inquire after his welfare. Small children, unable to resist sleep, had dropped off like bundles of rags. Women sat in the front verandah. Bayaji’s children were busy preparing tea for a second round. They had put tea powder and sugar into a pot on a trenched stove and waited for the water to boil. The bhajan was in full swing.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
‘This untouchable worm has got a swollen head.” – Here the untouchable worm is
(A) Bayaji.
(B) Bhujaba,
(C) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.
(D) Kadegaonkar Buwa.
Answer:
(A) Bayaji.

Question 9.
“But why don’t you accept the betel leaves ?” Bayaji asked nervously. Bayaji was nervous because
(A) Bhujaba was smiling artificially.
(B) he feared whether Bhujaba and his companions were angry.
(C) Bhujaba told Bayaji that the offering of betel leaves was very nice.
(D) Bhujaba felt as if he were tumbling down the stairs.
Answer:
(B) he feared whether Bhujaba and his companions were angry.

Question 10.
The passage you have just read is
(A) an autobiographical account
(B) an essay.
(C) a narrative.
(D) a report.
Answer:
(C) a narrative.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why do you think Patil returned the betel leaves to Bayaji immediately after he had been offered ?
Answer:
Bhujaba and his people felt uneasy at the sight of the brand new house, the impressive pandal and the crowd of smiling faces. Bhujaba grew a rage and returned the betel leaves to Bayaji immediately after he had been offered.

Question 12.
Describe the first floor of Bayaji’s newly built storeyed house.
Answer:
The first floor looked like a drawing room. The walls were radiant with blue oil-paint. Framed pictures of great men like Lord Buddha, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and others hung on the walls.

(D) Read the following passage.

There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. It had come up the winding road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. The road was now down-hill and yet the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull. Now, the destination was hardly a mile or two away. But the driver was sore and the conductor had no option but to be silent. When they realised that the bus would not move any faster, a couple of passengers exclaimed: “Goddammit for a bloody nuisance !”

The conductor asked the passengers to get down and they all put their strength together to push the bus. Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up, jostling one another. The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually took on speed. It entered the village reluctantly like a truant child being dragged to school. As it wound its way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about to lay eggs, and stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil’s residence.

As it halted, it gave a big lurch, sending the passengers helter-skelter, churned like water in a pitcher when the carrier stumbles.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
“But the driver was sore ” What does the word ‘sore’ mean in the above context ?
(A) surprised
(B) confused
(C) feared
(D) angry
Answer:
(D) angry

Question 9.
In the passage, the bus is not compared with one of the following?
(A) A hen about to lay eggs
(B) An obstinate bull
(C) A truant child
(D) A fast deer
Answer:
(D) A fast deer

Question 10.
The passengers exclaimed ‘Goddammit for a bloody nuisance!” What is the tone of the expression ?
(A) joy
(B) agony
(C) anger
(D) anxiety
Answer:
(C) anger

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
How did the bus start ?
Answer:
When the passengers pushed the bus, it started slowly Just like a sick man walking with the help of another. It gradually took on speed.

Question 12.
Why do you think the bus is compared to a truant child being dragged to school?
Answer:
As the bus had a technical problem, it moved slowly though the road was In downhill. So it is compared to a truant child being dragged to school.

(E) Read the following lines carefully.

Abandoned to the garbage bin,
With mosquitoes and insects
eating its tiny fingers away,
Little baby crying for help
as foul smell come into play,
irradiating from disposed bacteria.
Unheard shrieks of the baby’s hysteria
die in eerie silence of the night,
“An outcast of destiny”

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Who was abandoned ?
(A) A little baby
(B) A teenage girl
(C) An unmarried girl
(D) A married woman
Answer:
(A) A little baby

Question 9.
Who ate its little fingers ?
(A) Rats
(B) Mosquitoes and insects
(C) Cats
(D) Cows arid buffalos
Answer:
(B) Mosquitoes and insects

Question 10.
Why was the baby crying ?
(A) The baby was crying with pain because of the wounds it got when the mosqui¬toes and insects ate its tiny fingers away.
(B) The baby is crying for milk.
(C) The baby is crying for her mother.
(D) The baby is crying for her friends.
Answer:
(A) The baby was crying with pain because of the wounds it got when the mosqui¬toes and insects ate its tiny fingers away.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why did it smell foul ?
Answer:
It smelled foul as it was a dustbin which contained garbage and rotten waste material.

Question 12.
“An outcast of destiny” — Who do you think was the ‘outcast’ ?
Answer:
The baby was the outcast.

(F) Read the following lines carefully.

Abandoned to the garbage bin,
With mosquitoes and insects
eating its tiny fingers away,
Little baby crying for help
as foul smell comes into play,
irradiating from disposed bacteria.
Unheard shrieks of the baby’s hysteria
die in eerie silence of the night,
“An outcast of destiny”
Its labored breath
racing in quick gasps
forced lonely like crap
with cyanosed lips
sea-blue nose and finger-tips

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
“Abandoned to the ‘garbage bin.” – Who do you think is abandoned ?
(A) mosquitoes
(B) insects
(C) the baby
(D) the rats
Answer:
(C) the baby

Question 9.
The expression, “its labored breath” means
(A) it became very difficult for the baby to breathe.
(B) the baby was breathing after labour.
(C) the baby did the hard work and so it couldn’t breathe
(D) the mosquitoes were breathing with difficulty.
Answer:
(A) it became very difficult for the baby to breathe.

Question 10.
The baby was crying because
(A) it was abandoned.
(B) mosquitoes and insects were eating its fingers.
(C) bacteria was attacking it.
(D) it was scared at the sight of the rats.
Answer:
(B) mosquitoes and insects were eating its fingers.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What do you understand by the expression, “An outcast of destiny” ?
Answer:
An outcast of destiny” is the baby who Is In Its last stage. The baby is abandoned by its parents there in the garbage bin. The baby Is not accepted by the people and has been forced out of its home.

Question 12.
Describe the physical features of the baby.
Answer:
The baby’s fingers are tiny. It has deep greenish blue coloured lips and sea-blue nose and finger tips.

(G) Read the following lines carefully.

Its tattered and torn dirty wrap
make it shiver in freezing grasp.
A filthy black cat
edges on to the holed bin
searching for easy rats.
And finds its food
tearing at the babe’s hair
with their sharp teeth
gnawing at its ears
to complete their feed,
As the cat jumps in
with a screeching meow
the rats let loose
a clicking squeak
A bloody chaos ensues,
The only sin of the infant-
BEING BORN.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The black cat comes to the bin to
(A) shiver.
(B) eat the baby.
(C) catch easy rats
(D) make a bloody chaos.
Answer:
(C) catch easy rats

Question 9.
Which of the following words given in the above lines means, “a baby” ?
(A) filthy
(B) squeak
(C) chaos
(D) infant
Answer:
(D) infant

Question 10.
The’clicking squeak’is made by
(A) the rats
(B) the cat
(C) the baby
(D) the infant
Answer:
(A) the rats

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why is the baby shivering?
Answer:
The baby is wrapped in a tattered and torn wrap. So the baby is shivering.

Question 12.
Why do you think is there ‘a bloody chaos’ ?
Answer:
The cat’s jumping into the garbage bin leads to a bloody chaos. When the rats see the cat, they let loose a clicking squeak. They leave their food and run away.

(H) Read the following lines carefully.

tearing at the babe’s hair
with their sharp teeth
gnawing at its ears
to complete their feed,
As the eat jumps in
with a screeching meow
the rats lets loose
a clicking squeak
A bloody chaos ensues,
The only sin of the infant-
BEING BORN.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Who tears at the babe’s hair?
(A) The cats
(B) The rats
(C) The mosquitoes
(D) The insects
Answer:
(B) The rats

Question 9.
Why does the cat jump in
(A) The cat jumps in to catch rats
(B) The cat jumps in to eat the baby.
(C) The cat jumps in to drink milk.
(D) The cat jumps in to escape from danger.
Answer:
(A) The cat jumps in to catch rats

Question 10.
Why do you think the rats let loose ?
(A) Because they are hungry
(B) Because the cat is angry with the rats.
(C) The rats let loose when they see the cat jumping in.
(D) The rats are afraid of the baby.
Answer:
(C) The rats let loose when they see the cat jumping in.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why is there ‘a bloody chaos’ ?
Answer:
‘A bloody chaos’ is there when the rats try to escape the sharp claws-of the cat.

Question 12.
What is the sin committed by the baby ?
Answer:
The only sin committed by the baby is being born.

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar

(Q.13 – 17):

(A) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. (13) It had come off the winding road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. (14) The road was now down-hill and yet the bus moved as slower as a sick man walking with the help of another. (15) It reached the plain when the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull. (16) Now, the destination was hard a mile or two away. (17) But the driver was sore and the conductor had no option but to silent.
Answer:
13. It had come up the winding road
14. as slowly as a sick man
15. the plain where the dispensary
16. was hardly a mile
17. but to be silent.

(B) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Bayaji had packed his entire household in this box. (14) There was no longer any reason to hang in Bombay. He had worked honestly for the past thirty-five years in the dockyard and had retired from service two months before. (15) Not that he had held important position. He had merely got an extension for two years; during that period he had become a supervisor. (16) Otherwise his entire life had spent lifting heavy loads. He had worked very hard whenever he could, day and night.

(17) Bayaji had crossed sixty was in sound health. He had a sturdy frame right fron birth, and hard work had given a well formed shape to his strong body. He paid fifteen paise to the coolie, put the box, in which he had thrown pots and pans and sundry other things on his own head and began to walk in the direction of his house.
Answer:
13. Bayaji had packed his entire household goods in this box.
14. There was no longer any reason to hang around in Bombay.
15. Not that he had held an important position.
16. Otherwise his entire life had been spent lifting heavy loads
17. Bayaji had crossed sixty but was in Sound health.

(C) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) As Bayaji came in, his wife concealed her joy with the end of her sari and took off the box from his head. (14) His grandchildren clung to him and began twist the folds of his dhoti. (15) The neighbouring children watched the scene in idle curious. (16) ‘Come, gets into the house, children!’ said Bayaji. (17) His mother walked out with a bend back and told Bayaji to wait outside the door.
Answer:
13. and took down the box
14. began to twist
15. idle curiosity
16. come, get into the house
17. with a bent back

(D) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Bayaji paused after these words. His eldest son was godly. He said, Neither or our wives want anything. Tell us what you’d like us to do.’ (14) ‘Look children, our is such a large family. Even at mealtime, we’ve to eat by turns or sit crowded, knocking our knees together. (15) I wish to build a house out of my earnings, and it has to been a storeyed house; the usual three-portioned house won’t be adequate for us.’ (16) All are happy with this plan. (17) The plan was finalised and the foundation of the storeyed house was lay on the auspicious New Year Day.
Answer:
13. Neither we nor our wives
14. ours is such a large family
15. to be a storeyed house
16. All were happy
17. house was laid

(E) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) The house was complete and the tradition housewarming ceremony was planned. (14) Invitations were send to relatives in different villages. (15) The village elders, by convention, could not be invite to a meal or refreshments, so they were invited to the ceremonial paan-supari. (16) Bayaji put off a fine pandal in front of the house. (17) His sons worked hardly for two full days on the decorations.
Answer:
13. traditional housewarming ceremony
14. were sent to relatives
15. could not be invited
16. Bayaji put up a fine pandal
17. His sons worked hard

(F) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Bayaji’s new house had caught fire from all sides. It had suddenly flared up. (13) The womenfolk in the front varandah screamed confusion. The guests stood up swiftly and agan to pull out the women like a herd of cattle.

Bayaji was frantic. He ran around crying, ‘My house, my storeyed house I It’s on fire. (14) “My enemy was taken revenge on me.” He entered the roaring flames, crying ‘My house, my house.’ He climbed up, pulled the pictures of Buddha and Babasaheb from the walls and hurled them down. (15) As he was about to come down, the stairs crumbled down in flames.

(16) People pulled up water from a nearby well to put up the dreadful fire but it could not be easily contained. “Bayaji, jump down, quick, jump,’ people shouted. Women and children were crying and screaming. (17) Now that the staircase collapse, no one could go up. Scorched in flames, Bayaji ran around like a trapped creature, howling all the time, ‘my house, my house!’
Answer:
13. The womenfolk in the front verandah screamed in confusion
14. “My enemy has taken revenge on me.”
15. As he was about to come down, the stairs, it crumbled down in flames.
16. People pulted up water from a nearly well to put otit the dreadful fire nearby well to put oi.it the dreadful fire but it could not be easily contained.
17. Now that the staircase had collapsed, no one could go up.

(G) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Bayaji was badly burnt and he was in great agony. He asked for water all the time. As his eyes began to roll in his head, his eldest son moved closer, gulped down the sorrow that was surging in his throat and asked, Nana, what’s your last wish?’

(13)’ Sons, I want you to build a house, I’ve no other wish.’ With these words, his head collapsed like the storeyed house. (14) Bayaji was quiet and the fire too had down. Bayaji’s mother wept bitterly. (15) ‘Your father passed without giving me a burial. At least your hands should have pushed the dust over my dead body. Bayaji, speak to me.’ (16) She mad with grief.

Bayaji’s wife was sobbing her heart out, crying repeatedly, (17) ‘Who’s done this evil us? Let the house burn to cinders. Save my husband first!’

‘The entire family was shattered by the calamity. The spirits of all them were dampened like a cooking fire on which water has been poured.
Answer:
13. ‘Sons, I want you to build a storeyed house, I’ve no other wish:
14. Bayaji was quiet and the fire too had calmed down.
15. Your father passed away without giving me a burial.
16. She was mad with grief.
17. ‘Who’s done this evil to us?

(H) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.
(13) The entire family shattered by the calamity. (14) The spirits of all the men were dampened like a cooking fire on which water has poured. (15) In the morning the village officers but witnesses visited the place to record the facts of the accident (16) ‘Bayaji’s death was the result of a accident due to a petromax flare-up,’ was their
conclusion. (17) The house was burning before the house-warms ceremony was over and Bayaji was in ashes in the cemetery instead of enjoying the comforts of a retired life.
Answer:
13. family was shattered
14. water has been poured
15. officers and witnesses
16. of an accident
17. the house-warming ceremony.

(Q.18 – 22):

(A) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

obstinate, downhill, dispensary, winding, destination, busy, elegant

There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. It had come up the winding (18) road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. The road was now downhill (19) and yet the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary (20) building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate (21) bull. Now, the destination (22) was hardly a mile or two away.

(B) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

tempted, cleared, good, , anxious, interred, afford

Bayaji was nonplussed (18). For a moment, he was tempted (19) to knock him down with his box but realised that he couldn’t afford (20) to do so. Besides, now he had come back to his village for good (21). He was to spend the rest of his days on this soil and would be interred (22) in the same soil.

(C) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

by, finished, with, pleasantries, had aged, a, the

Exchanging pleasantries (18) with people he met on the way, Bayaji reached the (19) public building called Takkya in the untouchables’ settlement. The building was named Buddha Vihar by (20) those who had embraced Buddhism. As Bayaji neared Buddha Vihar, the children, who were playing with a ball made of rags, finished (21)f their game and cried out, ‘Baiju Nana is here, Baiju Nana is here!’ and scampered in the direction of Bayaji’s house. Bayaji’s eightyfive- year-old mother quickly scrambled to her feet. She had aged, (22) much but her old-worn frame was still sturdy, and her teeth were strong enough to break grams. She could thread a needle without help. When she,heard of Bayaji’s arrival her heart swelled.

(D) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

had been, after, seven, togreet, eight, studying, up

Bayaji’s family was doing well .He had eight (18) children in all, six sons and two daughters. The daughters had been (19) married off and had given birth to children. The elder son looked after the fields, the next two sons were in government service the one after (20) them was a school- teacher and the sixth one was still studying (21). Since-they knew that Bayaji was coming home for good, the elder son in service and the two daughters were already home bear (22) him. All of them wondered what their father had got for them from his lifetime’s earnings.

(E) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

was, creature, has been, by, was building, bear, from

The news that Bayaji (18) a storeyed house spread like a cry (19) the rooftops. There (20) only one storeyed house in the village and that belonged to Kondiba Patil. That Bayaji, an untouchable (21), should think of a rival storeyed house was too much for Kondiba to (22). Others also murmured that the untouchables were forgetting their position.

(F) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

engrossed, contract, progressed, foundation, building, filled’, fillings, clearings

Work on the foundation (18) had started. Dattaram Vadar was given the (19) of construction. The foundation trenches were (20) with mud, bits of stone and other (21). Work (22) with speed.

(G) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

cotton, uncomfortable, woollen, high-caste, angrily, quietly, customary, usual

Bayaji spread a rough woollen (18) carpet for Patil and the other high-caste (19) people. Patil sat quietly (20) on that. His companions, rather uncomfortable (21), took their positions around him; Bayaji offered them the customary (22) betel leaves. Patil accepted the leaves but immediately gave it back to Bayaji with the remark, ‘Yes, it’s all very nice!’

(H) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

painfulpained, returned, of, housewarming, to, elder man, host

After the funeral, people returned (18) hanging their heads. All of them were pained (19) at heart to think that having come to celebrate the house warming (20), they had the misfortune to (21) attend the funeral of the host (22).

(Q.23 – 27):

(A) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

The conductor asked the passengers to get out(23) and they all put their strength together to pushed(24) the bus. Having gained this initial(25) momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up, jostling one another. The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually(26) took on speed. It entered the village reluctantly like a truant child being dragged to school. As it wound its way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about to lay eggs, and stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil’s residential(27). As it halted, it gave a big lurch, sending the passengers helter – skelter, churned like water in a pitcher when the carrier stumbles.

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
down

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with the correct form.
Answer:
push

Question 25.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
final

Question 26.
Write the word that gives the same meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
slowly

Question 27.
Write the correct form of the underlined word in the context.
Answer:
residence

(B) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Bayaji was a Mahar by caste and according to age-old reason(23) he should have, greeted Bhujaba with ‘My humble salutations to you, sir, who are my father and mother’ So when Bayaji merely said ‘Greetings.’ Bhujaba became furious(24) and said, ‘Do you thin you can become a Brahmin merely by saying “Greetings”? Can you forget your position simply because(25) you’ve turned a Buddhist?’

Bayaji was nonplussed(26), For a moment, he was tempted to knock him down with his box but realised that he couldn’t afford to do so. Besides, now he had come back to his village for good. He was to spend the rest of his days on this soil and would be interred in the same soil. He would not be able to return to Pune or Bombay hereafter. It was not a good policy to incur the hostility(27) of anyone in the village, least so of the Patil, the village headman.

Question 23.
Use the appropriate word in the place of the word underlined.
Answer:
custom

Question 24.
Write the synonym of the word underlined
Answer:
angry; choleric

Question 25.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined
Answer:
conjunction

Question 26.
What do you mean by non-plussed ?
Answer:
surprised and confused as how he react

Question 27.
Write the antonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
friendship; cordiality; amicability

(C) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Bayaji’s family was doing well. He had eight children in all, six sons and two daughters. The daughters had been married of(23) and had given birth to children. The elder son looked at (24) the fields, the next two sons were in government service, the one after them was a school – teacher and the sixth one was still(25) studying. Since they knew that Bayaji was coming home for good, the elder(26) son in service and the two daughters were already home to greet him. All of them wondered what their father had got for them from his lifetime’s earnings(27).

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
off

Question 24.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb with a suitable one.
Answer:
looked after

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
still

Question 26.
Write the word that gives the similar meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
senior

Question 27.
Write the opposite word of the underlined one.
Answer:
expenditure / spending

(D) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

He ran his eyes over all his children and said, ‘Look here, children, if I had brought (23) new clothes for you, they’d tear, if I had brought an ornament, it would soon wear out. Out of my earnings I wish you to have something that’ll it(24) longer. Bayaji(25) after these words. His eldest son was godly. He said, ‘Neither we nor our wives want anything. Tell us what you’d like us to do.’

Look children(26), ours is such a large family. Even at mealtime, we’ve to eat by turns or sit crowded, knocking our knees together. I wish to build a house out of my earnings, and it has to be a storeyed house; the usual three-portioned house won’t be adequate(27) for us.

All were happy with this plan.

The plan was finalised and the foundation of the storeyed house was laid on the auspicious New Year Day.

Question 23.
Name the tense form of the underlined expression – had brought.
Answer:
Past Perfect Tense

Question 24.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
verb

Question 25.
Write the synonym of the word underlined.
Answer:
stopped

Question 26.
What is the singular form of the noun children ?
Answer:
child

Question 27.
What is the antonym of the word underlined ?
Answer:
inadequate; insufficient

(E) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

The news that Bayaji was building, a storeyed house spread as(23) a cry from the rooftops. There was only one storeyed house in the village and that belonged to Kondiba Patil. That Bayaji, a (24) untouchable creature, should think of a rival(25) storeyed house was to (26) much for Kondiba to bear. Others also murmured that the, untouchables were forgetting their position.

Work on the foundation had started. Dattaram Vadar was given the contract of construction. The foundation trenches were filled with mud, bits of stone and other fillings. Work progressed with speed. One day Bayaji saw Kondiba coming towards him and greeted him. ‘It’s with your blessings(27) that I have ventrured on this storeyed house.”

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
like

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with the correct article.
Answer:
an

Question 25.
Write the word that gives the same meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
opponent

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
too

Question 27.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
curses

(F) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

‘You may go in for a storeyed house only if you don’t wish to stayed(23) in this village. I hope(24) you know what I mean.’ Kondiba shot out as a warning and walked away. Other ruffians in the village threatened Bayaji in a similar(25) manner.

Out of fear Bayaji had to abandon plans for the storeyed house. The convention (26) three-portioned house was taken up. Work was resumed and the walls rose rapidly. The middle portion was the(27) little elevated and a small first storey fixed up there with a wooden flooring. This part could be reached by stairs rising from the kitchen. No one could guess from outside that there was a first storey to the house. Bayaji had to make the best of things.

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
Stay

Question 24.
Write the word that gives the same meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
expect/wish

Question 25.
Write the word that gives the opposite meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
different

Question 26.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.,
Answer:
conventional

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with the correct article.
Answer:
a

(G) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

They eyed one another as if to say, ‘This untouchable worm has got a swollen head(23). He needs proper handling.’

Bayaji fed all his guests with meal of shira and puris. Along with betel nuts items of gossip(24) rolled over their tongues and then the session of social devotional songs beginning(25). Among the Bhajan singers, Kalekar Bapu Master has a superior(26) voice. Kadegaonkar Buwa was better at classical singing. Devotional songs were sung in praise of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkarand Lord Buddha. People swayed(27) their heads in appreciation.

Question 23.
What does the phrase mean ?
Answer:
a person who thinks that he is more important than he really is

Question 24.
What is the equivalent word for the word underlined ?
Answer:
casual conversation

Question 25.
Write the appropriate word for the word underlined.
Answer:
began

Question 26.
Write the antonym of the word.
Answer:
inferior

Question 27.
What is the synonym for the underlined word ?
Answer:
nod from one side to other

(H) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Bayaji’s new house is caught(23) fire from all sides. It had suddenly flared up. The womenfolk in the front verandah screamed in contention(24). The guests stood up swiftly(25) and began to pull out the women like a herd of cattle.

Bayaji was frantic. He ran around crying, ‘My house, my storeyed house! It’s on fire. My enemy has taken revenge on me.’ He entered the roaring flames, crying ‘My House, my house.’ He climbed up, pulled the pictures of Buddha and Babasaheb from the walls and hurled them down. As he was about to come down the stairs, it crumbled(26) down in flames. People pulled up water from a nearby well to put out the dreadful fire but it could not be easily contained. ‘Bayaji, jump down, quick, jump/ people shouted. Women and children were crying and screaming. Now that the staircase had collapsed, no one could go up. Scorched in the flames, Bayaji ran around like a trapped creature, howling(27) all the time, ‘My house, my house!’.

Question 23.
Use the correct tense form for the underlined words.
Answer:
had caught

Question 24.
Use the proper word in the place of the underlined word.
Answer:
confusion

Question 25.
Write the antonym of the word underlined.
Answer:
slowly

Question 26.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
verb

Question 27.
What is the sysnonym of the underlined word ?
Answer:
laying; screaming crying, etc.

Section – C : Creative Writing (Discourses)

(Q. 28):

(A) You have read the story The Storeyed House’. You have read that Bayaji comes to his house after his retirement. When he comes home, his mother welcomes him home affectionately.

Write a possible conversation between Bayaji and his mother in that context.
Answer:
Mother : Welcome home
Bayaji : Thank you, mother,
Mother : How are you, my son ?
Bayaji : I am fine. How are you, mother
Mother : I am getting on well. We are all waiting for you. Why are you late ?
Bayaji : Because of the bus. It did not run well. It ran like a bullock cart.
Mother : 0k. Your wife, daughters and sons are very eager to see you, my son.
Bayaji : I also feel the same. I am eager to see them.
Mother : Just wait outside the door.
Bayaji : Yes mother.
Mother : I am pleased with you. (she ran her palms over his cheeks)
Mother : Haven’t you brought anything for the children ?
Bayaji : No, I have not brought anything.
Mother : Why have you not brought anything for them, my son ?
Bayaji : Mother, I have something in my mind, that will be useful for them.
Mother : What is that my son ?
Bayaji : I will tell you later.
Mother : 0k. Go ahead
Bayaji : Thank you, my mother.
Mother : Take your bath and food. Have a sound sleep.
Bayaji : 0k.

(B) In the lesson The Storeyed House – I’, it was given that Bayaji exchanged pleasantries with people he met on the way to his house.

If you were one of the villagers, write a possible conversation between you and Bayaji.
Answer:
Villager and Bayaji
Somaji (a villager) : Hello, Bayaji. What a pleasant surprise! How are you ?
Bayaji : Fine, dada ! How are things with you ?
Somaji : O.K. to go on. Have you brought something for your family this time ?….. It seems a heavy box on your head.
Bayaji : Dada, they are my belongings and I came back permanently. So I had to carry all the luggage.
Somaji : Is it ? But why ? Why quit the job ?
Bayaji : Oh, no’ I got retired. You know, I am sixty now ! And don’t you think it’s time to rest and relax with my family ?
Somaji : Yes, of course. Then your family must be happy and excited for your return. Anyway, they all think of you quite often.
Bayai : I know, and I miss them too. In fact, all of you. Now t can feel the air here. Anyway, I shall meet you again and we can have a better chat.
Somaji : O.K. Bye then. Let’s meet again at Takkya. I shall also intimate all our friends about your return.
Bayaji : Yes, I wish to meet them too. Bye’

(C) Imagine you attended the house-warming ceremony of Bayaji. Write a description about how it was celebrated. You may use the following ideas.
– Bayaji built a house inspite of threats.
– Invited guests and Bhujaba and his followers.
– During house-warming ceremony, Bayaji’s new house flared, taking the life of Bayaji
– Reaction of the Bayaji’s sons at the end………….. (March 2018)
Answer:
Description of house-warming ceremony of Bayaji :

On the day of the house-warming ceremony there was much celebration. The whole village was there. After some time Kondiba Patil, arrived Bayaji proudly led the visitors through the house and even took them to the first floor loft. This was like a sacred memorial to the liberation struggle of the Dalits, adorned with pictures of revolutionary Dalit leaders.

While the celebration was winding down in the early hours of the morning, suddenly Bayaji’s house was on fire onall sides. Bayaji was hysterical and ran into the first floor ¡n order to save the pictures of Lord Budha and the Dalit heroes. He was screaming, My house, my storeyed house! Its on fire, My enemy has taken revenge on me.” Bayaji was badly burnt. His sons surrounded him and heard him whisper his last words of instruction to them. “Sons, I want you to build a storeyed house. I have no other wish.”

(D) In the lesson ‘the storeyed house’, we read about Bayaji’s dream of building a storeyed house remains unfulfilled due to the fire, the turmoil that Bayaji undergoes to save the house and finally Bayaji collapses amidst his family members.

Describe the feelings of the eldest son and his determination %o fulfil his father’s desire. (March 2016)
Answer:
The Feelings of Bayajl’s Eldest son :

Bayaji’s eldest son was shattered by the calamity. The undreamt of incident took place. Along with the new house, Bayaji scorched n the flames. Bayaji’s eldest son couldn’t forget the accident, His thoughts went as follows. ‘Toðay is a very bad and disgusting clay. The officers declared that my father’s death was the result of an accident due to a petromax flare – up. Didn’t they know the person who caused this accident?

I knew very well the person who was behind our father’s death. That scoundrel has taken revenge on our father. He couldn’t bear our father’s building a storeyed house. I shall definitely lodge a complaint against that rascal. Nanna’s last wish was to build a storeyed house.

His dream of building a storeyed house remains unfulfilled due to the fire – accident. We should fulfil our father’s last wish. If we don’t fulfil his last wish his soul can’t rest in peace. We shall start on a house; not one with a concealed first floor but a regular two-storeyed house. We shall resume with determination the work of digging the foundation of ‘a two storeyed house. God, please help us with our work.”

(E) In The Storeyed House – II you must have read that the village officers concluded that Bayaji’s death was the result of an accident due to petromax – flare up’.
Imagine you are Bayaji’s elder son and write a complaint letter to the local police inspector for justice.
Note:
This question may be asked in Paper – II as it is a ‘Letter’.
This question may be asked in Paper -1 as it is taken from Textbook
Answer:

Maharashtra,
10.11.2018.

To
The Sub Inspector of Police,
Ramnagar Police Station,
Maharashtra.

Sir,

Sub : Forwarding for action to be taken on some thugs of Ramnagar.

It was 7th November, when my father arranged a housewarming ceremony in our newly built house. Some rascals in our village who could not bear my father’s decision to build a storeyed house tried to bedevil him, have burnt our house and created it as fire accident.

I would like to enclose the names of the ruffians responsible for the misdeed and request you to investigate
the case kindly and take severe action on those people so that such incidents would never repeat in our village.

You know that loss of my father is a great deficit to our family. I beg you to provide me with justice in this
regard.

Looking forward for a favourable action.

Yours faithfully,
Ramoji.

From :
Ramoji,
Near Buddha Vihar,
Ram nagar,
Maharashtra.

(F) Write the Choreography of the poem’Abandoned’.
Answer:
a) Identifying the theme/themes of the poem (stanza wise)

A little baby is abandoned in a dustbin.
She was refused by the society.
The baby cries for help,
Nobody takes care of her.

Rats, mosquitoes and other insects begin to eat the parts of the body of the baby.

The cat jumps on the rats for its food.
The concern of the poet for the little baby,

b) We usually find situations where illegal children are abandon in many cases.
c) Identifying the characters and their actions.
The little body : Crying for help
d) Deciding the location where the actions take place : The dust bin
e) Deciding the chorus to create the setting : The chorus group sing the lines of the poem creating the mood of the poem (sad and .gloomy)
f) Sequencing the cautions :
Cry of the little child
Rats eating the tiny fingers of the little baby
Cat’s jumping on rats for its prey
The chaos created all the time.
g) Setting music to the poem : Music that creates the sad mood is played.
h) Singing the poem and synchronizing the movements and actions of the characters with the rhythm of the song.

(Q. 29) :

(A) Bayaji worked many years in the dockyard in Bombay. He returned home after many years. The mother of Bayaji was very happy to see his son.
Imagine yourself as Bayaji and write a diary entry on the day of his arrival.
Answer:
(A) 4.10.2019, 8 p.m.

Dear Diary,

I hope this is a new beginning of my life. I feel very happy today on seeing my wife, mother, Sons, daughters and my grandchildren. I think it would be great pleasure to be among them in my old age. I have told all of them about my dream of building a storeyed house in the village. It will be my gift for them. I know all of them felt very happy on hearing It. I hope god will give me strength to fulfil my dream. I think I should be very careful and cautious with people like Bhujaba and other rascals ¡n the village. I hope everything will happen smoothly.

Bayaji.

(B) Imagine that you were one of the attendees of Bayaji’s house warming ceremony. An undreamt-of-incident took place during that programme. Bayaji’s new storeyed house caught fire and he succumbed to death.
Write a diary entry about that incident.
Answer:

6th January 2019,
10 pm

Dear Diary,

Oh God’ What a bad day. I cant forget this. My friend Bayaji’s entire family was shattered by this calamity. Bayaji’s Sons decided to build a storeyed house soon after the death of their father. Last night as the house-warming ceremony of Bayaji’s newly-built house was half-way through, his house caught fire from all the four sides simultaneously. Bayaji in order to bring back the photographs of Lord Buddha and B.R. Arnbedkar, went in and suffered severe burn injuries. The whole house was reduced to ashes. Bayaji succumbed to burn injuries and his soul went away.

I suspect, and with solid base, that Kondiba-Patil, Bhujaba and their companions were responsible for this. First Kondiba Path warned Bayaji against building a storeyed house. He threatened Bayaji with dire consequences. Even on the day of house-warming, they returned the customary betel leaves Bayaji offered to them. They left abruptly, seriously and angrily. A short while after they left, flames engulfed Bayajl’s house from all sides. These are ample reasons to suspect that Kondiba Patil and companions were behind this crime.

May Bayaji’s soul rest in peace !

Somaji

(C) In The Storeyed House – II’, you must have read that Bayaji’s house was burnt to ashes. You are one of Bayaji’s relatives who attended the ceremony.
Write a diary entry about the fire accident.
Answer:
6-1-2019, 10 p.m.

What a fine day it was in the morning’ When I reached Bayaji’s house, everything was jubilant, joyful and rejuvenating. The ambience was radiant and the pandal built in front of the house was colourful with floral decoration. Everything went on very well. Living juxtapose to Bayaji, I felt it s my responsibility to share the responsibilities of the household work.

In the night, when everyone was enjoying the devotional concert in the pandal, women were busy in preparing tea for guests and Bayaji indulged in talking to everyone it was a shock to my life to see the flames raise up suddenly. I don’t know what happened exactly but the fire spread from all sides and everyone started screaming, running and escaping for life. The women and children were crying out for help.

I didn’t make out the situation for a while and suddenly realised that should do something. I tried to help some old persons and women come out of the house sand escape the fire. Then I saw Bayaji running frantically in the upstairs. I became mad. What, if he cannot come out of fire ? I ran into the house to warn him, but then someone pulled me out I Suddenly the stair case and wooden first floor crumbled down and Bayaji was completely burnt. What a terrible situation it was ! Who had a destructive eye on Bayaji ?

A simple and humble man like Bayaji should not have been in such plight. Nobody could save Bayaji who was crying and shouting for his house. Such a heartbreaking scene! Even his sons could do nothing. The fallout was we lost Bayaji. His life came to an end in the same house he built for his family. May his soul rest in peace.

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf Telangana 10th Lesson Food Security Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 10th Lesson Questions and Answers – Food Security

Question 1.
Suppose that the foodgrain production has been affected in a particular year, because of a natural calamity. In what ways can the government ensure higher availability of food grains for the year?
Answer:
Large amount of food stocks including some buffer stock is maintained by government agencies like FCI. These are the primary source from where the bulk of the food is collected on instructions of the government by the local administration for use amongst the affected population. It may be financed by either central or state government or partly by both.

Question 2.
Use an imaginary example from your context to describe the relationship between underweight and access to food.
Answer:
We have conducted our first survey ¡n our school. Out of 480 children, 43% are underweight. We have enquired about their family conditions. Many of them belong to the lower-income group. They eat more rice and less vegetables. They do not take milk or any fruits.

Then we have conducted another survey in a private school. All the students there belong to the middle-income and higher-income groups. Only 10% of children are underweight. They have some medical problems also. They eat less rice, more vegetables. They take milk twice a day and fruits/ fruit juices daily. This is the relationship between underweight and access to food.

Question 3.
Analyse a week’s food habits of your family. Create a table to explain nutrition elements Included in It.
Answer:

• Rice and redgrams – Monday
• Rice and brinjal, eggs. Tuesday
• Rice and potato, fruits. Wednesday
• Rice and leafy vegetables – Thursday
• Rice and cauliflower – Friday
• Rice and redgrams, ragi malt – Saturday
• Rice and chicken – Sunday

Day	Food	Nutritious elements
1. Monday	Rice and redgrams	→ Carbohydrates like rice provide energy. → Redgrams provide growth and regeneration of body tissues.
2. Tuesday	Rice and brinjal, eggs	→ Growth and regeneration of body eggs tissues.
3. Wednesday	Rice and potato,	→ Provide protection and working of fruits vital systems of the body.
4. Thursday	Rice and leafy	→ Provide protection and working of vegetable’s vital systems of the body.
5. Friday	Rice and cauliflower	→ Iron and blood formation Provides energy
6. Saturday	Rice and redgrams and ragi malt	→ Iron and blood formation. → Growth and regeneration of body tissues.
7. Sunday	Rice and chicken	Provides proteins which help growth and regeneration of body tissues.

Question 4.
Describe the relationship between Increase In food production and food security.
Answer:
Producing sufficient amounts of food grains is an important requirement of food security. In order to increase the per hectare yield of a crop, necessary inputs have to provided in a dubious manner. One way is to expand Irrigation but use water in a manner so that this vital resource is shared and made available to all.

Planting drought-resistant crops as per the local conditions, water harvesting, and crop rotation are therefore used to raise production on a given piece of land It is also important to ensure that soil and other natural resources are not damaged or depleted in the process.

Question 5.
Give reasons to argue for the following statement “Public Distribution System can ensure better food security for people”.
(OR)
Central and State Governments purchase one-third of food grains from farmers. Through different programmes, these food grains are distributed to people Do you think that the public distribution system managed by the government is providing proper food security? Express your opinion In an elaborate manner.
Answer:
It is a joint responsibility of central government, state government, and union territory administration to ensure the smooth functioning of the PDS. While the responsibility of central government is to procure. store and transport it from purchase points to central godowns, the responsibility of state government and union temporary administrations is to lilt these commodities from the central godowns and distribute them to consumers through the network of fair price shops.

FCI procures and distributes food grains, to provide subsidized food to the poor to mitigate regional inequalities through moving the surplus food to deficit areas and to stabilise agricultural prices.

The universal coverage of PDS was replaced by Targeted Real Public Distribution System in 1997 in order to achieve the objective of food security through sale of foodgrains to API. householders at economic cost and confirming the food subsidy bill toward the identified BPL families whose number crossed 97 million families in 2007.

Question 6.
Make similar posters about food security.

Answer:

Question 7.
Read the last para of text page 138 Le; “Studies indicate for access”, and write your opinion. Studies indicate that Southern states of India have a good record in public distribution systems. Notably, these are the states that have followed a universal PDS system which means that low-cost foodgrains would be available to all, This is in contrast to other states wl-ere poor families have been identified and foodgrains are sold to at different prices to poor and non-poor. Even among the poor, the very poor have different entitlements or guarantees for access.
Answer:
Yes, I think the statement is true. The figures reveal that the southern states are fully utilizing the POS when compared to the northern states, The poor and the very poor are also receiving food grains in different ratios according to their economic status.

Question 8.
Locate the following in the map of India.
i) Karnataka
ii) Odisha
iii) Gujarat
iv) Maharashtra
v) Madhya Pradesh
vi) West Bengal
vii) Chattisgarh
viii) Telangana
ix) Uttar Pradesh
x) Punjab
Answer:

Project

Question 1.
Read the following poem, Aai. Make a drawing for the poem. Collect from your elders their experiences on food shortage. Aai (Mother)

I have seen you turning back the tide of tears trying to ignore your stomach’s growl Suffering parched throat and lips Building a dam on a lake…I have seen yousitting in front of the stoveburning your very bones

to make coarse bread and a little something to feed everybody, but half-feed yourself so there’d be a bit in the morning… I have seen you washing clothes and cleaning pots in different households rejecting the scraps of food offered with pride…

Answer:
Experience from the elder person:” In olden days, there were no marriage halls or function halls. There was no catering orders for food. All celebrations took place before the houses only. Temporary setups would be there. Many relatives come and they only participate in cooking and preparation of all food items. Now everyone orders for food from caterers. Estimations may not suit to the food. More food is wasted nowadays. A number of items are also many.

Spice Is also increased. It is also affecting the health. Different types of flavours are being used. Instead of natural food, we are using food of artificial flavors. In olden days, food was prepared based on the relative’s number present there. Food items are also less and tasty with natural.

Many of the villagers, artisans, dependents on agriculture, and people of different castes participate in the functions. Many people now have no food. Much food is wasted nowadays. It is to be avoided.

Items also are to be reduced. Even in the month of January, they are offering Ice Cream in such chilling atmosphere. This one exarrçfe is enough to understand how the present scenario is moving anti humane.”

Question 2.
Collect Information from your home and neIghbourIng families about millets consumption and analyse it.

Answer:

TS 10th Class Social 10th Lesson Food Security Intext Questions

Page No. 133

Question 1.
Observe the following graph and fill in the blanks.

The foodgrains production has grown over the period 1970-71 to (i) Paddy production increased from about 40 million tonnes In 1970-71 to about (ii) tonnes in 2010-11 Another important food crop that witnessed rapid increase in production during this 40 year period was (iii) Compared to paddy and wheat the production of (iv) did not increase during 1970-2011. This could be due to (v).
Answer:
(i) 2010 -11
(ii) 96 million
(iii) wheat
(iv) jowar
(v) dryland agriculture

Question 2.
Read again the section on “Land and other natural resources” In chapter 8. What are the possible ways of Increasing production of crops from land?
Answer:
The possible ways of Increasing production of crops from land:

1. Mechanization
2. High-yield varieties, which were the basis of the Green religion.
3. Fertilizers
4. Herbicides
5. Increased plant density
6. Growing three different crops In a year due to the well-developed irrigation system.
7. Electric tube wells could irrigate much larger areas of land easily.

Page No. 134

Question 3.
Describe the per hectare yield of paddy and wheat by filling the blanks In the following passage. Two crops (i) and (ii) always had low yields when compared with paddy and wheat. Yet both these crops have shown a slow increase in yield in recent years.
Answer:
(i) jowar
(ii) oil seeds
Paddy – 2250 kgs per hectare
Wheat – 3000 kgs per hectare

Question 4.
Why should attention be given to increase the yield of jowar? Discuss.
Answer:
Aher rice and wheat jowar is a third important crop in terms of area and production. Paddy and Wheat together occupy 50% of the gross cropped area of the country. The graph clearly indicates that the remaining food crops including jowar also are having a very low yield level. Much attention has not been paid to increase their productivity.

This explains the present shortage of pulses In the country. So attention should be given to increase the yield of jowar.

Question 5.
What factors have contributed to the Increase In the growth of paddy and wheat yields over a long period?
Answer:

1. Usage of fertilizers
2. Green revolution
3. High-yielding varieties
4. Modern technology in agriculture, etc.

Page No. 135

Question 6.
Complete the following table.
Per Person availability of food grains

Answer:

Question 7.
Based on your calculations, fill in the blanks:
The per-person availability of food grains (i) (increased/decreased) between 1971 and 1991 but was (ii) (lower/higher) in 2011. This happened despite a slowdown in population growth in the recent decades. In the future, the government must ensure higher availability through (iii).
Answer:
i) increased
ii) lower
iii) sellingtroni its existing stocks.

Page No. 137

Question 8.
Underline words and sentences that deal with agricultural diversification and explain why are these essential for Indian farmers.
Answer:
Water development – technology – cash crops – vegetables – dairying – second crop –  a plan and government effort.

Diversification means a major proportion of the increasing labour force in the agricultural sector needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors.

Diversification towards new areas is necessary to reduce the risk from the agriculture sector and to provide sustainable livelihood options to rural people. It is an emerging challenge in the context of oral development. So these are essential for Indian farmers.

Question 9.
Write a description et agricultural diversification for your own village or any village that you know about.
Answer:
In our area, there is one village named Kalcharam’. In the village, the farms are small holdings. But the farmers are earning good profits. They are cultivating sugarcane, paddy, and vegetables. etc. and earning a good income, They are rearing cattle also In a remarkable way. So the village is developed when compared to other villages.

Page No. 138

Question 10.
Recall the discussion on Public Distribution System in Class VIII. How Is PDS related to food security of the people in the country?
Answer:

1. PDS has played a crucial role in reaching food to everyone both in the rural and urban areas.
2. Around 1997 government decided that ration shops should cater mainly to the poor.
3. Governments buy food grains from tanners and supply these to the ration shops.
4. Ration shoos keep stocks of foodgrains and these items are then sold to people.
5. Prices at the ration shops are meant to be lower than the prices in the market.
6. The government is trying to provide food to all.
7. The government stakes a lot et amount in purchasing food from farmers and wholesalers and selling them at subsidized prices.
8. Thus. POS is tt,rTvlng for food security of the people in the country.

Page No. 139

Question 11.
img
Fill in the blanks.
For all India, ……………………. percent of peoples use PDS. This means nearly ……………….. are yet to benefit from PDS. In states such as ……………..,…………….,……………….., only about one-fourth or less percent of total households use PDS in 2011-12. Why this happens? Discuss in the class.
Answer:
44.5%, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat In three states. 25% or less the households take rice from public distribution system, It is meant for below-poverty-line households. The households who take rice from ration shops are not actually the poor. It is a fact that the tice purchased from these ration shops Is sold in open market.

Seeding of Aadhar Is a problem. Some people have no Aadhar cards. One nation, one ration is being implemented. Low-quality rice is one other reason. A few people having ration cards have no Aadhar cards and those who have Aadhar Cards have no ration cards.

Page No. 142

Question 12.
How can an effective anganwadi center deal with such a situation for a locality? Discuss.
Answer:
Anganwadi centers are established in every village. To improve the nutritional and health status of children below the age of six years – is one of the objectives of ICDS, The government supplies food to the children through these Anganwadi centers So I think an effective Anganwadi center can deal with such a situation for a locality.

Question 13.
Fill in the table.

Answer:

Question 14.
What overall conclusions can you draw from these statistics? Write a paragraph.
Answer:
Malnutrition Is more common in India. One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India, Malnutrition limits development and the capacity to learn. It also costs lives: about 50% of all childhood deaths are attributed to malnutrition.

In India, around 46°o of all children below the age of 3 are too small for their age. 45% are underweight and at least 21% are wasted. Many of these are severely malnourished. Malnutrition in early childhood has serious, long-term Consequences.

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf Telangana 9th Lesson Globalisation Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 9th Lesson Questions and Answers – Globalisation

Question 1.
What were the reasons for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did It wish to remove these barriers?
Answer:
Barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment were put by the Indian government to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, especially when industries had just begun to come up in the 1950 and 1960s. At this time, competition imports would have been a death blow to growing industries Hence, India allowed imports only essential goods.

Later in the 1 990s. the government wished to remove these barriers because it that domestic producers were ready to compete with foreign industries. It felt that foreign competition would ii tact improve the quality of goods produced by Indian industries. This decision was also supported by powerful international organisations.

Question 2.
How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
Answer:

1. Flexibility in labour laws can help the companies to decrease their production cost by employing labourers only for short period of time when there is need instead of employing them for long periods of time or yearly basis.
2. By using upon labour laws, company heads can negotiate wages and terminate employment, depending on market conditions.

Question 3.
What are the various ways In which MNCs set up or control production in other countries?
Answer:
MNCs can set up and control production In other countries in following ways.

1. By setting up now factories/production units.
2. By purchasing/acquiring local units of domestic nations.
3. By setting up partnerships with local companies.

MNCs have technical, financial and marketing superiority and thus can control production in other countries.

Question 4.
Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and Investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?
Answer:

1. Developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment so that goods could be imported and exported easily.
2. Also, they could set up their factories and offices in the developing countries for enjoying the benefits of low cost of labour and high demand, i,e, large markets.
3. In return, developing countries expect that developed nations should not impose Import duties or other barriers on goods imported from developing nations, by developed countries.

Question 5.
“The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
Answer:

1. The impact of globalisation has not been uniform. It has benefited skilled and professional persons In urban areas, It has not benefited much the persons who are unskilled.
2. The industrial and service sectors have gained because of globalization, but the agriculture sector has not gained much from globalisation.
3. Moreover, globalisation has benefited large industrial units as MNCs have collaborated with beg units only.
4. The small and medium-sized industrial units are hit hard as they find it very difficult to
   compete with huge MNCs.
5. Many small units have faced closure while large industrial units have succeeded in expanding their market to many other nations.

Question 6.
How has liberalisation of trade and Investment policies helped the process of globalisation?
Answer:
With the liberalisation of trade and investment policies, the goods could be imported and exported easily between the countries arid foreign investment can be done without much restrictions. The foreign countries could now set up their factories and offices in the domestic country.

This results in interaction of the foreign country with the domestic country which is known as globalisation. In other words, globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries which is possible by the liberalisation of trade and investment.

Question 7.
Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you Imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
After 15 to 20 years, world would undergo a positive change which will possess the following features. healthy competition, improved production efficiency, and increased volume of output. income and employment, and better living standards. greater availability of information and modern technology.

Reasons:
Favourable factors for globalisation:

1. Availability of human resources both quantity-wise and quality-wise.
2. Broad resource and industrial base of major countries.
3. Growing entrepreneurship.
4. Growing domestic market.

Question 8.
Locate the following In the map of world.
i) China
ii) Japan
iii) Brazil
iv) South Africa
Answer:

TS 10th Class Social 9th Lesson Globalisation Intext Questions

Page No. 119

Question 1.
Choose any one single item like Mobile phones or vehicles; identify the number of Brands available for this item in the market. Are they owned and manufactured in India or abroad? Discuss with your parents or other adults and find out how many such brands were available 30 years ago.
Answer:
Let’s take cell phones for instance. There are numerous varieties in cell phones. e.g: Nokia, Samsung, Celkon, Videocon, LG, Micromax, Sony Ericson, etc. LG, Videocon, and Onida cell phones are manufactured in India. But the raw materials used in them like chips, motherboards and accessories are mostly imported from foreign countries such as Japan, China, Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, etc.

So the cell phones manufactured in our country are affordable to us. In the past, BSNL and Reliance produced land phones. Later Reliance subscribed to walkie-talkies, mobile phones, etc. Mobile phones weren’t available in our country thirty years ago.

Page No. 121
Read the passage (Ford Motors, across the globe.) In page no. 120 and answer the following questions.

Ford Motors, an American company, Is one of the world’s largest automobile manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries of the world. Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spent Rs. 1700 crores to set up a large plant near Chennai. This was done in collaboration with Mahindra and Mahindra, a major Indian manufacturer of eeps and trucks.

By the year 2004, Ford Motors was selling 27,000 cars in the Indian markets, while 24,000 cars were exported from India to South Africa, Mexico and Brazil. The company wants to develop Ford India as a component supplying base for its other plants across the globe.

2. Would you say Ford Motors Is an MNC? Why?
Answer:
Yes, we can say Ford Motors is an MNC because its production units have spread over 26 countries of the world. This is the most important feature of an MNC.

Question 3.
What is foreign Investment? How much did Ford Motors Invest In India?
Answer:

1. Foreign investment: Private capital investment by firms of one country into those of another country is
   called foreign investment.
2. Ford Motor invested Rs, 1,700 crores In India.

Page No. 122

Question 4.
By setting up their production plants In India, MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the advantage not only of the large markets that countries such as India provide but also the lower costs of production. Explain the statement.
Answer:
MNCs set up production

1. where it s close to the market;
2. where the skilled and unskilled labour is available at low costs.
3. where the availability of other factors of production is assured.
4. The concerned government policies are favourable to the MNCs.

Question 5.
Why do you think would the company want to develop India as a base for manufacturing car components for Its global operations? Discuss the following factors:
a) cost of labour and other resources In India
b) the presence of several local manufacturers who supply auto parts to Ford Motors
c) closeness to a large number of buyers In India and China
Answer:
a) Wages and salaries are much lower In India when compared to in developed countries. Raw material and power is also cheaper.

b) There are many companies which manufacture various auto parts. Because of their lower cost of operation, these companies supply various parts at less price.

c) India and China together have 30/ of the world’s population and they provide a huge market for various companies. Making a production base in India provides easy access to these two markets.

Question 6.
In what ways will the production of cars by Ford Motors in nca lead to Inter linking of production?
Answer:
The company is making engines and body at its plant. it is processing other components from various suppliers which operate in India. Even designing some of the new models has been done India. So India is providing a perfect base for all the operations related to production of cars for the Ford Motor. Hence It can be said that proper interlinking of production is happening in India for this company.

Question 7.
In what ways is an MNC different from other companies?
Answer:
An MNC does different operations related to its business at different locations across the globe. Other companies limit their operation to a single country or to a few countries. By doing so, an MNC is able to take advantage of cost-benefit and also of easier access to important markets, Ths may not be possIe for other companies.

Question 8.
Nearly all major multinationals are American, Japanese or European, such as Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nolda. Can you guess why?
Answer:
Industrialization began from Europe and then spread to America and later to Japan. By the time India became independent, many companies of these countries had already become financially strong. This is the reason that most of the MNCs are from America, Europe or Japan.

Question 9.
What was the main channel for connecting the countries in the past? How is it different now?
Answer:
Trade was the main channel which connected the countries in the past. Things have not changed much in the present as well. Trade still is the major channel to connect the countries. However, tourism arid study also contributes towards making the world a more interconnected place now.

Question 10.
Distinguish between foreign trade and foreign Investment.
Answer:
Foreign trade implies exchange of goods and services across nations. Foreign investment implies transfer of capital from one nation to another.

Question 11.
In recent years, China has been importing steel from India. Explain how the Import of steel by China will affect:
(a) steel companies in China.
(b) steel companies in india.
(c) industries buying steel for production of other industrial goods in China.
Answer:
(a) Because of cheap availability of steel from India, Chinese steel industry will prosper.
(b) Steel industries in India will obviously suffer due to lack of availability of steel,
(c) Other industries of China which are dependent on steel will also prosper.

Question 12.
How will the import of steel from India into the Chinese markets lead to integration of markets for steel In the two countries?
Answer:
Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry. Tools, machinery, equipments, tombs of transport and infrastructure largely need steel. If we export steel to China, it will increase foreign trade. Development in China will further benefit increase demand for steel and exports from India, Steel Industries will help In manufacturing of other goods which will be further create foreign exchanges, thus integrating trade between two countries.

Question 13.
What is the role of MNCs in the process of globalisation?
Answer:

1. MNCs are playing a major role In the process of globalisation. MNCs have been looking for locations around the world, which would be cheap for their production.
2. As a result of greater foreign investment and greater foreign trade, there would be greater integration of production and markets across countries,
3. More and more goods and services, investments and technology are moving between the Countries.
4. Most regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a decade back.
5. Foreign investment in the countries has been rising.
6. Foreign trade between the countries has been rising.
7. The activities of most of the MNCs involve substantial trade in goods and also services.

Question 14.
What are the various ways in which countries can be linked? LIflt
Answer:
The various ways in which countries can be linked are

• by trade relations
• by exchange of services
• through communication
• through general tourism
• through economic aid and mutual borrowing
• through education in worldwide institutions,

Question 15.
Choose the correct option: Globalisation, by connecting countries, results in
(a) lesser competition among producers.
(b) greater competition among producers.
(c) no change in competition among producers.
Answer:
(b) greater competition among producers.

Page No. 125

Question 16.
In this example, underline the words describing the use of technology In production.
Answer:
A news magazine published for London readers is to be designed and printed in Delhi. The text of the magazine is sent through Internet to the Delhi office. The designers in the Delhi office get instructions on how to design the magazine are ven from the office in London using te4ecomrnurcation facilities. The designing is done on a computer. After printing, the magazines are sent by air to London. Even the payment of money for denying arid Dnnting from a bank is London to a bank in Delhi is done instantly through the internet
(e-banking)

Question 17.
How Is information technology connected with globalisation? Would globalisation have been possible without the expansion of IT?
Answer:

1. Globalisation is the process of growing integration of one country’s economy with world economy.
2. Information and communication technology has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries.

a) The development in IT. in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet have
been changing rapidly.

b) Telecommunication facilities are used to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. This has been facilitated by satellite communication devices.

c) Internet also slows us to send instant email and talk across the world at negligible costs. Globalisation would not have been possible without the expansion of IT.

Page N0. 126

Question 18.
What do you understand by liberalisation of foreign trade?
Answer:
Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government on foreign trade and foreign investment is known as liberalisation of foreign trade.

Question 19.
Tax on imports is one type of trade barrier. The government could also place a limit on the number of goods that can be Imported. This Is known as quotas. Can you explain, using the example of Chinese toys, how quotas can be used as trade barriers? Do you think this should be used? Discuss.
Answer:
A fixed quantity for import is called quota. This can be done in case of Chinese toys. This will have both negative and positive impacts. Once trade restrictions shall be there, the Indian toy manufacturers will be in a position to sell their products. This will help the Indian toy manufacturers and employees. But as the experience of better quality at lesser price in case of Chinese toys shows, this step would be detrimental for consumer’s interest.

Page No.127

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks.
WTO was started at the initiative of ………………………. (i) ……………….. countries. The aim of the WTO is to …………………. (ii)……………… WTO establishes rules regarding ………….(iii) ………… for all countries, and sees that ……………… (iv) …………….. In practice, trade between countries is not …….. (v) ………….. Developing countries like India have ……………. (vi) ……………………….. whereas developed countries, in many cases, have continued to provide protection to their practices.
Answer:
(i) developed;
(ii) liberalise international trade;
(iii) international trade;
(iv) these rules are properly obeyed;
(v) fair:
(vi) removed trade barriers,

Question 21.
What do you think can be done so that trade between countries is fairer?
Answer:
All countries should remove trade barriers to make for a fair international trade. Developed countries should desist from forcing the developing countries in agreements which they themselves may not obey.

Question 22.
Read the passage on (The agriculture sector …. and fair trade ?) page 127 and answer the following question.
The agriculture sector provides the bulk of employment in India. Compare this with a developed country such as the US with the share of agriculture in GDP at 1% and its share in total employment a tiny 0.5% And yet this very small percentage of people who are engaged in agriculture in the US receive massive sums of money from the US, government for production and for exports to other countries.

Due to this large amount of money that they receive, US farmers can sell the farm products at abnormally low prices. The surplus farm products are sold in the markets In other countries at low prices, adversely affecting farmers in these countries.

Developing countries are, therefore, asking the governments of developed country, We have reduced trade barriers as per WTO rules. But you have ignored the rules of WTO and have continued to pay your farmers vast sums of money. You have asked our governments to stop supporting our farmers, but you are doing so yourselves. is this free and fair trader?”

In the above example, we saw that the US government gives massive sums of money to farmers for production. At times, governments also give support to promote production of certain types of goods, such as those which are environmentally friendly. Discuss whether these are fair or not.
Answer:
Supporting its own farmers at the cost of fair international trade cannot be termed as a fair practice. Supporting the production of environmentally-friendly products is beneficial for the whole world and every country should follow such practices.

Page No. 128

Question 23.
How has competition benefitted the people in India?
Answer:
Competition has benefitted the Incans in a positive way. To understand this, let us take the example of the availability of two-wheelers. Before liberalization, there were only the following brands of two-wheelers – Bajaj, Rajdoot. Bullet and Yezdl. li someone wanted to buy a Bajaj scooter, the waiting period used to be for a couple of years. Once the markets opened up. many companies came to India. Right now, one can buy a two-wheeler of his choice at his own convenience, Two wheelers can be seen even in remote areas of India. All of this could be possible because of competition.

Question 24.
Should mole Indian companies emerge as MNCs? How would it benefit the people In the country?
Answer:
It‘s desirable that more Indian companies emerge as MNCs. This will help those companies in expanding their market and financial muscle. This will make India a stronger economy. A stronger economy is always beneficial for its people. The Indian MNCs too can directly benefit people through various corporate Social responsibility programmes.

Question 25.
Why do governments try to attract more foreign investment?
Answer:
More foreign investment helps in increasing the economic activities. This helps in employment generation. So the governments try to attract more foreign investment.

Question 26.
Elsewhere, we read that what may be development for one may be destructive for others. The setting of SEZs has been opposed by some people in India. Find out who are these people and why are they opposing It.
Answer:
When an SEZ is being made in a particular location a vast tract of land needs to be acquired. Land acquisition means a large population Is forced to relocate from many villages. Displacement is always painful for people. Moreover, people who are evacuated do not get proper compensation for their land. Rehabilitation is never adequate and timely. So, many people oppose various developmental activities.

Question 27.
Write an Imaginary caption for the image here. What does it tell about the globalisation.

A. Craze tor artificial drinks spoils healthCrave (or natural drinks Is good for health. Globalizaton leads to run behind products like pizzas, burgers, and cool drinks, They spoil health on the other hand, they badly hit small vendors that depend on setting natural products like coconuts, palm fruits, mango el1y, groundnut cakes. etc.

Page No. 129

Read the passage about Ravi on page 128 and answer the following questions.
Question 28.
What are the ways In which Ravis small production unit was affected by rising competition?
Answer:
Ravi’s small production unit was affected by rising convetiton in the following ways:
a) His customers have changed their product. as they are now manufacturing TV sets for- the MNC brands, who do not use the capacitors produced by Ravi’s unit.
b) His production arid sales have also reduced due to his capacitors being costlier than the imported variety, due to the removal of import duties on imported capacitors.
c) He is going into loss due to not recovering his costs with such a small amount of production. He may even have to close down his unit like his friends have done.

Question 29.
Should producers like Ravi stop production because their cost of production is higher compared to producers in other countries? What do you think?
Answer:
I think it is better to use machines of high technology to reduce his cost of production. It is better to acquire another loan from banks and to repay it in easy installments.

Question 30.
Recent studies point out that small producers In India need three things to compete better in the market : (a) better roads, power, water, raw materials, marketing and Information network. (b) improvement and modernization of technology, and (c) timely availability of credit at reasonable interest rates. Explain how these three things would help Indian producers.
Answer:
These three things will help the lack producers to compete better in the market as follows.
a) Better infrastructure will help them to work more efficiently and timely so that they can compete with foreign Companies In the market.
b) Better technology will help the producers to create better quality products efficiently at cheaper rates.
c) Better finance will enable them to run their production smoothly without delays, thus
improving their competitiveness.

Question 31.
Do you think UPIC. will be Interested in Investing In these? Why?
Answer:
MICa will not be interested in investing in these because the Indian produces will then compete with ram as equate in the same make (. thus reducing their market share.

Question 32.
Do you think the government basa rote In making these facilities available? Why?
Answer:

1. The government has a role in making these facilities available.
2. If the government makes these facilities available, then many small Indian producers develop themselves.
3. They would be able to compete with foreign MNC’s.
4. As governments are nowdays welfare states, they have a role in making these facilities available.

Question 33.
Think of any other steps that the government could take. Discuss.
Answer:

1. The government could lrrçoee sanctions or restrictions on MNCs.
2. Make that MNCs should behave with corporate social responsibility.
3. Government should protect the foretaste of She people end that MNCs prospers
4. It Should adopt the policy whIch provides lot initial consent.

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf Telangana 8th Lesson Rampur: A Village Economy Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 8th Lesson Questions and Answers – Rampur: A Village Economy

Question 1.
Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Rampur.
a. Location:
b. Total area of the village:
c. Land Use (in hectares):

Answer:
a. Location: Ranur lies in the fertile alluvial plains of the Gangelic basin in the western part of Uttar Pradesh.
b. Total area of the village: 226 hectares
c. Land Use (lnhectares): –

Question 2.
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Rampur less than minimum wages?
Answer:
Farm labourers n the Rarnpur village come from landless families cultivating small plots of land. The minimum wage fixed by the government for a farm labourer is Rs. 60 per day but they paid only Rs. 35, Rs. 40 a day. This is because of the fact that there is great competition for work among the farm labourers of Rampur. So they themselves agree to work at much lower wages than what was fixed by the government.

Question 3.
Talk to two labourers from your region. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction states. What wages do they get ? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they In debt?
Answer;
I met Smt. Parvathi and Smf. Rani in our region. They both are farm labourers. They get Rs. 120 daily. They are paid in cash. They got continuous work for lO months in a year. Yes, they are in debt.

Question 4.
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer:
The two most common ways of increasing the production are either by multiple cropping or by adopting modem farming method.

Example: Many farmers of Raropur village have adopted the process of multiple cropping to increase their production from same piece of land. During the rainy season, they grow jowar, bajra. etc. which are used for cattle feeding. Between October and December, they cultivate potatoes. In winter season they grow wheat which is partly kept for family consumption and the surplus for selling.

Question 5.
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer:
It is a fact that the small farmers with less than 2 hectares 01 land have to face much more problems than the medium or large farmers. As compared to small farmers, medium and large farmers can quite easily obtain capital for farming. The reasons are several.

Large farmers have their own savings from farming which they had accumulated year after year. So they don’t stand any need for taking loan from anywhere.

Generally, medium farmers also have their own savings to spend for the improvement of their farms. But even if they need to borrow, the amount would be small. Such farmers can go to bank directly and won’t face any difficulty In getting a loan from the bank which will be at a reasonable Interest too. The Banks feel happy to advance a loan to such farmers as they dont see any risk because of the sound economic conditions of medium or large tanners.

Question 6.
On what tennis did Savita get a loan from Tejpal? Would Savlta’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer:
Being a small farmer Savitha has to face a number of problems if she wants to cultivate wheat on her 1 hectare of land. To purchase seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides for cultivating she has no money. It will be highly difficult to gel a loan from a bank. So. she approached Teipal, a large farmer of her village to getting a loan.

He agreed to give her a loan but a hefty rate of interest of 20% for four months plus on a condition of her giving a manual labour to his field. Still, Savita agrees to these terms as she knew getting a loan for a small farmer is quite a difficult task.

Savita’s condition would have been certainly better If she could get a loan from a bank at a low or reasonable rate of interest. in that event she would have also been able to bring up her three children in a better way since she would have more time for her family.

Question 7.
Talk to some elderly persons In your region and write a small report on the changes in Wrigatlon and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
Answer:
I met Sri P. Moliana Rao of KarIrrwagar District and Sri I( Krishna Rao of Nizamabad
District to conduct the survey.

Changes in Irrigation: They reported that cultivation had gone through major changes during the last 30 years. Traditional agricultural Practices are steadily being replaced by modem farming practices. Indian agriculture has witnessed mechanization on a Large scale. The use of HYV seeds increased. The farmers have begun to set up their own pumps sets for irrigation. Unlike past, farmers now grow at least two main crops during the year. Non-farm activities are increased.

Changes in Production Method:
Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the he4p of bullocks. but now people prefer
to do it by sugarcane crushing machine run on electricity. Human resources are mostly replaced by machines.

Question 8.
What are the main non-farm production activities taking place In your region? Write a brief report on any one such activity.
Answer:
There are many forms of non-farm production activities in our region. Some of them are

1. Dairy farming
2. Shop-keeping
3. Brick making
4. Readymade garments, etc.

Question 9.
Imagine a situation where labour is the scarce factor of production instead of land. Would the story of Rampur be different? How? Discuss in class.
Answer:
If the labour is scarce instead of land, the story of Rampur would be different. The demand for labour increases. Then their wages also increase.

Question 10.
Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households In the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed In rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe (based on your imagination and previous chapter) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination?
Answer:
Some people of Gosaipur and Majauli have migrated to the rural areas of Punjab, Haryana, Murrtal, and Nagpur. etc. The migrants are employed by the large farmers of these regions aimer as regular workers or as daily wage workers.

Question 11.
Land is also required for production of goods In an urban area. In what ways Is the use of land different from a rural area?
Answer:
In urban areas land is used for constructions, laying roads, bus terminals, and hospitals. educational institutions, parks, theatres, etc. Some of these are not present in rural areas.

Question 12.
Read again the meaning of “land” In the production process. Give three examples, other than agriculture, where this requirement Is most significant in the process of production.
Answer:

1. For Dairy farm
2. For sugarcane crushing and
3. For transportation

Question 13.
Water, a natural resource for production, particularly agricultural production, now requires greater capital for its use. What is your opinion on li?
Answer:

1. Agriculture is a major user of water resources and the consumption of water is increasing day by day.
2. Indian agriculture mainly depends on rains which are Unpredictable.
3. As a result the agriculture has to depend on irrigation facilities such as dams, anicuts, check dams, bunds, pools, etc., which are most expensive to construct.
4. On the other hand, the farmers are depending on groundwater resources. Lifting the groundwater to surface Is also very expensive. So I can say that water, a natural resource for production, particularly agricultural production now requires greater capital for its use.

TS 10th Class Social 8th Lesson Rampur: A Village Economy Intext Questions

Page No. 103

Question 1.
a) What do you know about agriculture?
b) How do crops change in various seasons?
c) Do most people depending on agriculture belong to land-owning groups or labourers?
Answer:
a)

1. Agriculture Is the simplification of nature5 food webs and the rechanneling of energy for human parenting and animal consumption.
2. Agriculture is the primary source of employment for us and it comes under primary sector.
3. It needs immigration facilities.

b) A seed needs water, sunlight, and the soil to grow. Some plants grow n certain conditions. So. the Grc.tS change various seasons.

c) Most people depending on agriculture belong to labourers.

Question 2.
Looking at an atlas, identify the areas that are well irrigated. Does your region tall under this category?
Answer:

1. Well irrigata aoas n India are Punjab. Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
2. Moderate to high irrigated areas are Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur. Telangana ends Andhra Pradesh.
3. In our state, most of the region is tank irrigated.
4. Quite a considerable region is under canal irrigation.
5. Our region falls under this category.

3. The following table shows the land under cultivation In India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided. What does the graph show? Discuss in class.

Answer:

1. The graph shows that the cultivated area from 1970 to 2010 remained the same.
2. New area was not brought under cultivation.
3. Even some area was brought, the same amount of area from cultivated land was used as non-farm area.
4. The area of the country is not extending.
5. The demand for non-farm land is also increasing.
6. So there was no growth recorded in cultivated area for the last 40 years or so.

Question 4.
You have read about the crops grown in Rampur. Fill the following table based on information on the crops grown in your region.

Answer:

Question 5.
What are the reasons for multiple cropping In cultivation?
Answer:

1. The cultivation which is under multiple cropping has many reasons for ¡t.
2. it has a well-developed irrigation system.
3. Different crops are grown in three crop seasons.
4. It increases the production from land.
5. They may have two main crops and a third crop.
6. There Is no land that is left idle.
7. There is no possibility of expansion in land area under cultivation.
8. The plants grown are also used as cattle feed.

Page No.107

Question 6.
In the map given below, shade the small plots of land.

Answer:
Self Activity.

Question 7.
Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land? k1.rT
Answer:

1. Not a the people engaged in agriculture have sufficient land for cultivation.
2. The upper caste families own majority of the land in the village.
3. They have land extending over 10 hectares or more.
4. Many families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares.
5. Cultivation of such plots doesn’t bring adequate income to the fam,etc family.
6. Even these small plots were divided among sons when their father was dead.
7. Thus so many families ut farmers cultivate such small plots.

Question 8.
The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate are given in the following table and pie charts.

Answer:
1) The arrows indicate that 87% of the total farmers are cultivating only 48% of the total cultivated land.
2) The remaining 13% of the farmers are cultivating the remaining 52% of the land.
3) This Indicates that there is no equal distribution of land among farmers.
4) I would agree that the distribution of cultivated land‘s unequal in India.

b) Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal In India? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in India. In Rampur, 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size whereas remaining cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over lOor more hectares. We find the similar situation in India also.

Page No. 108

Question 9.
Small farmer, Big farmer. After reading next section (Land for the Farm) write a caption that would describe their relation with the factors of production.

Answer:
Small farmer should carry the field while the field Carnes big farmers.

Page No. 109

Question 10.
Why are farm labourers like Shivaiah poor? frlrThfl
Answer:
Shivaiah is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages. He must regularly look for work. The daily wages for a farm labourer was set up by the government as Rs. 60 per day, but Shlvaiah gets only Rs. 35- Rs. 40. There is a tough competition for work among the labourers. So people agree to work for lower wages. So the farm labourers like Shivaiah are poor. Snail farmers

Question 11.
What do the large and medium farmers In Rampur do to get labour for their farms? Compare this with your region.
Answer:
The large and medium farmers offer lower wages to get labour for their farms. In our region most of the villagers are job holders In the nearest town. So there is no such competition. The farm labourers are less in quarter. So they get better wages.

Question 12.
Fill in the following table:

Labour In production process	Give three different examples of production activity for each
Where owner/family also provides the labour required
Where owners hire labourers to do the work

Answer:

Labour in production process	Give three different examples of production activity for each
Where owners/ family also provides	Cottage industries, Small-scale industries
Where owners hire labourers to do the work	Large scale industries

Question 13.
What are the ways for providing labour, in the production of goods or services that you observe in your region?
Answer:
In our region, these are the ways of providing labour in the production of goods or services.

1. Self
2. Direct employment
3. Through employment agencies. etc.

Page No. 110

Question 14.
Read the following table.

a) Compare the figures for daily wages given above with those prevailing in your region for any of the operations.
Answer:
The daily wages In our report are also same as above. The minimum wage for men Is Rs. 200/- and for women is Rs. 150/-. In the ven data, there are many variations.

b) Find out the minimum wage and compare It with this.
Answer:
Minimum daily wage = Rs. 125 per day for both male and female. We can say that the labour in our area are getting favorable figures.

c) Why do you think do men receive a higher wage than women for the same job? Discuss.
Answer:
I think this practice is mostly in the agricultural sector and industrial sectors. In these two sectors, the quantity of work depends on the physical strength of the labourer. Men are physically strong than women. So they are paid more wages.

Page No. 112

Question 15.
a) Surplus and Capital for Production.
Consider three farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different as in Column 2. To analyse the situation faced by different farmers, we need to assume that some conditions ai. the same for all. To keep things simple, let us suppose the following conditions:
1) The consumption of wheat by each farmer tan’Wly is the same (Cokmin 3).
2) The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as seeds for working capital for the next year’s production by all the farmers. They also have land to do so.
3) Also spouse, production output is twice the working capital used in production in all the farms. There is no sudden loss n production.

Complete the table.
Farmer 1 :

Answer:

b) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.
Answer:
The production of Farmer- 1 goes on Increasing.
The production of Farrner – 2 remains the same.
The production of Farmer-3 goes on decreasing year by year.

c) What happens to the Farmer 3 in Year 3? Can h. continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?
Answer:
Farmer 3 has no savings in the second year. So he has no capital to an production. He will have to approach the moneylender for loan to start production.

Page No.113& 114

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Mishrdal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine runs on electricity and prepares jaggery. Earlier, sugarcane was crushed by using bullocks, but these days people prefer to do It with machines. Apart from using the sugarcane that Mishrilal has cultivated, he also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery Is then sold to traders at Jahangirabad. In the process, Mishrilal makes a
small profit.

Question 18.
What physical capital did Mlshrllal need to set up this process?
Answer:

1. Mishrilal set up the process where in he can prepare angry.
2. Earlier sugarcane was crushed by using bullocks.
3. But these days people prefer to do Ii by machines.
4. Mishnlal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine run on electricity.
5. That s the physical capital he needed to set up this process.

Question 17.
Who provides the labour in this case?
Answer:

• The labour in this case is provided by Mishnlal himself.
• At times, he may be supported by has family members.

Question 18.
Why Is MishrIlal unable to Increase his profit? Think of the situation when he could face a loss.
Answer:

1. Mishrilal prepares jaggery from sugarcane with a machine.
2. He sells it to traders at Jahangèrabad.
3. He uses the sugarcane he has cultivated and also buys sugarcane from others.
4. Thus he is making a small profit.
5. His production is Ni small scale, he also buys from others, the sugarcane and there is a mechanism to provide him with a minimum support price.
6. He sells to traders at Jahangirabad which results in transportation expenses.
7. So he es unable to increase lUs profit.
8. He could face loss when the prices of jaggery in the marked are decreased sharply.

Question 19.
Why does MishrlIal sell jaggery to traders In Jahanglrabad and not In his village?
Answer:

1. Mishnlal sells jaggery to traders in Jahangirabad.
2. He cannot sell all the angry he has made in Rampur itself.
3. So he would sell it to the traders of Jahangerabad.

Page No. 114

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A few fanihes whose houses are dose to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables like tea, and samosa. kachori, namkeen, sweats. Coffees, cold drink. etc. The women and the children In the family share the work together.

In our country. a large section of people are self-employed like farmers, shopkeepers, hawkers, etc. They are owners because they have lo plan and organize and take the risk of producing goods or services. At the same time, they also provide their own labour to manage the process.

Question 20.
On whose land is the shop located?
Answer:
The shop is located on the house of the family whose house is located near the bus stand.

Question 21.
Who supplies labour to these small shops selling eatables?
Answer:
They are self-dependents, They use their family members.

Question 22.
Guess what working capital would such shops require.
Answer:
Fixed capital.

Question 23.
List the physical capital items.
Answer:
Alrmrahs with mirrors, shop, desk, weights and measures like balance, stones, boxes for
packing, etc.

Question 24.
From a hawker in your area, find out about his daily sales. How will you find out If there Is some savings? Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
I interviewed a hawker Mrs. Laxzm in our area. She sells sweets. She gets a profit at’ Rs. 200 to Rs. 300 daily. She saves through ‘Dwacra’ in the nearest bank.

Page No. 115

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Kishore is a Farm Labourer. Like other labourers, Kishore found it difficult to meet his family’s needs from the wages that he received. A few years back, Kishore took a loan from the bank. This was under a government program which was giving cheap loans to poor landless households. Kishore bought a buffalo with this money. He now sells the buffalo milk.

Further, he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various Items. Once a week, he goes to the Ganges to bring back clay for the potter. Or sometimes he goes to Jahangirabad with a load of jaggary or other commodities. Every month, he gets some work in the transport services. As a result, Kishore is able to earn more than what he used to some years back.

Question 25.
What Is Kishore’s fixed capital?
Answer:
Kishore’s fixed capital includes a buffalo, and a wooden cart.

Question 26.
What do you think would be his working capital?
Answer:
Kishore has a loan from the bank which could be his working capital.

Question 27.
In how many production activities is Kishome involved?
Answer:
Kishore is involved in the following activities

1. He works as a farm labourer.
2. Dairying is his another activity.
3. 1-le is also involved in transport activity.

Question 28.
Would you say that Kishore has been benefited from better roads In Rampur?
Answer:

1. Kishore has definitely benefited from the better roads in Rampur.
2. Because of them, he is able to transport various items and people
3. He is able to earn more than what he used to do some years back.

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Biology Study Material Telangana 4th Lesson Excretion Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Biology 4th Lesson Questions and Answers Telangana – Excretion

Question 1.
What is meant by excretion? Explain the process of formation of urine.
Answer:
Due to metabolism several harmful excretory products are formed, the process of removing toxic waste from the body is called excretion.

Formation of urine involves four stages:
1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption,
3) Tubular secretion and
4) Formation of concentrated urine.

1) Glomerular filtration:

• The which blood flows into glomerulus, it is filtered under high pressure.
• As a result waste materials along with sorne water and useful substances are filtered out.
• They enter into the Bowman’s capsule. This is called glomerular filtration.
• This filterate is also called as ‘primary urine’.

2) Tubular Reabsorption:

• Primary urine which is in glomerulus is almost equal to blood in chemical composition except the presence of blood cells.
• Peritubular capillaries present around the Henle’s loop reabsorb essential substances and excess water present in the primary urine.

3) Tubular secretion:

• After reabsorption of essential substances and water urine travels through the loop of Henle.
• From peritubular capillaries, present around the loop of Renie, waste materials left unfiltered in the blood during glomerulus filteration are secreted into the loop of Henle.

4) Formation of concentrated Urine:

• Urine that reaches into the collecting tubule, from the loop of Renie is further concentrated in the presence of hormone vasopressin.
• Deficiency of vasopressin causes excessive dilute urination called diabetes insipidus’.

Question 2.
How are waste products excreted in amoeba?
Answer:

• Special excretory organs are absent in unicellular organisms like amoeba.
• Amoeba possess osmoregulatory organelle called contractile vacuole.
• It collects water and wastes from the body. swells up, reaches the surface and bursts to release its content to outside.
• The main excretion takes place through body surface by simple diffusion.
• The waste material carbon dioxide is removed by diffusion through the cell membrane.

Question 3.
Name different excretory organs in human body and excretory material generated by them?
Answer:

Excretory organs.	Excretory material generated
1. Kidney	Filters blood and eliminates nitrogenous wastes and other harmful things. Filters urea from the blood.
2. Lungs	They remove carbon dioxide and water in respiration.
3. Skin	Sweat and metabolic wastes. Sebaceous glands in skin eliminates sebum which contains waxes,sterols, hydrocarbons and fatty acids.
4. Liver	Bile patients bilirubin, biliverdin and ur(home are metabolic wastes of hemoglobin of dead red blood cells. Urochrorne is eliminated through urine. Liver also eliminates cholesterol and derivatives of steroid hormones, extra drug, vitamins and alkaline salts. Urea is also formed in liver.
5. Intestine	Excess salts of calcium, magnesium, undigested food material and iron are excreted by epithelial cells of the colon for elimination along with feces.
6. Endocrine glands	These allow excess water to leave the body. They are present mainly on the forehead, the bottom of the feet and the palms.
7. Salivary glands and Lacrimal glands	Small amount of nitrogenous wastes are also eliminated through saliva and tears.

Question 4.
Deepak said that Nephrons are functional and structural units of kidneys’ how will you support him?
Answer:
I support Deepak’s statement that nephrons are functional units of kidneys because

• Nephron’s chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
• Nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls level of electrolytes and metabolites and regulates blood pH.
• Its functions are vertical level and are regulated by the endocrine system.
• Proper function of nephon mean proper function of kidneys.
• Hence, nephrons are the functional units of kidneys.

Question 5.
How plants manage the waste materials?
Answer:

• Plants can get rid of excess water by a process like transpiration and guttation.
• Waste products may be stored in leaves, bark and fruits.
• When these dead leaves, bark and ripe fruits fall off from the tree then waste products in them are get rid of.
• Some of the plants waste gets stored in the fruits in the form of solid bodies called Raphides. e.g : Yam.
• Several plants prepare chemicals and store them in roots, leaves, seeds, etc., for protection against herbivores.
• The plants excrete carbon dioxide produced as a waste during respiration only at night time.
• The plants excrete oxygen as a waste only during the daytime.
• The plants get rid of wastes by secreting them in the form of gums and resins.
• Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

Question 6.
Why do some people need to use a dialysis machine? Explain the principle involved in it.
Answer:
Dialysis machine is used to filter the blood of a person when two kidneys are damaged. The process is called ‘haemodialysis’.

Principles involved in haemodialysis:

• In this process blood is taken out from the main artery, mixed with an anticoagulant such as heparin and then pumped into the apparatus called dialyzer.
• In this apparatus blood flows through channels or tubes. These tubes are embedded in the dialyzing fluid.
• The membrane separates the blood flowing inside the tube and dialyzing fluid, which
  has the same composition as that of plasma, except the nitrogenous wastes.
• The patient’s blood ¡s passed through the tubes, during this passage the waste products from the blood pass into dialysing fluid by diffusion.
• This process is called dialysis.
• The purified blood is pumped back into the patient through a vein. This is similar to the function of kidney but it is different since there is no reabsorption involved.
• Each dialysis session lasts for 3 to 6 hours. This method has been using for thousands of uremic/kidney failure patients all over the world.

Question 7.
What is meant by osmoregulation? How is it maintained in human body?
Answer:

• Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining salt and water balance across membranes within the body.
• The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in human body.
• They function to filter blood and maintain the dissolved ion concentrations of body fluids.
• The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which actively filters blood and generates urine.
• Hormones like antidiuretic hormone vasopressin and aldosterone used in the body to help to increase the permeability of the collecting ducts found in the kidney.
• This further allows diffusing to occur easily, it also allows the kidneys to be able to absorb water and prevent it from being excreted.
• Humans are also able to regulate by controlling the total amount of water that is passed out of the body through the urine or sweat.
• Absence of vasopressin hormone produces dilute urine. Hormone action maintains osmotic concentration of body fluids.
• Deficiency of vasopressin causes excessive, repeated, dilute urination.

Question 8.
Do you find any relationship between circulatory system and excretory system? What are they?
Answer:

• Circulatory system delivers oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones and other essential materials to each cell of the body.
• And it also transports aB the carbon dioxide and other waste products of the cells to the lungs to be expired or to the kidneys to be excreted.
• The excretory system is closely related to the circulatory system by virtue of the process of cleaning the blood of waste, removing excess fluids and generally keeping other fluids in balance.
• An excretory system releases hormones to elevate blood pressure and accelerate red blood cells production
• Kidney stimulates the red blood cell production by erythropoiesis and regulates blood pressure with the secretion of renin.

Question 9.
Give reasons
a. Always vasopressin is not secreted.
b. When urine is discharged, in beginning it is acidic in nature later it become alkaline.
c. Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.
d. Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter’?
Answer:
a. Reason :

• Absence of vasopressin hormone produces dilute urine.
• When amount of water in body is low and concentrated urine is to be passed. Then only vasopressin secretes.

b.  Reason : It is acidic In the beginning but becomes alkaline on standing due to decomposition of urea to form ammonia.

c. Reason : The afferent arteriole in a nephron has a larger diameter than the outgoing efferent arteriole and this rise the blood pressure in the glomeruhis capillaries lead to the ultrafiltration of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule.

d. Reason : In summer sweating takes place and water losses from our body. So to maintain the water balance in the body only harmful nitrogenous wastes are removed from the body. Water is reabsorbed considerable into body. That is why urine is thicker in summer.

Question 10.
Write differences
A. Functions of PCT and DCT
B. Kidney and artificial kidney
C. Excretion and secretion
D. Primary metabolites and secondary metabolites
Answer:
a. Functions of PCT and DCT:

Functions of PCT:

• Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, phosphates, potassium, urea and other organic solutes from the filtrate into the peritubular network.
• The PCT regulates the pi-l of the filtrates by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate.
• It is also responsible for secreting organic acids such as creatinine and other bases into the filtrate.
• Proximal convoluted tubule regulate the pH of the filtrate in the kidneys.

Functions of DCT:

• It maintains a proper concentration and pH of the urine.
• Extra salts, ions of K, Na, CT and W secretes from peritubular capillaries into DCT.
• It secretes ammonium ions and hydrogen ions.
• It is relatively impermeable to water but in the pressure of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) its permeability to water Increases making urine concentrated.

b.

Kidney	Artificial kidney
1. It is a natural excretory organ in human beings to filter blood and forms urine.	1. It is a device to remove nitrogenous waste products from the blood through dialysis.
2. Kidney is used to filter blood in healthy persons.	2. It is used in persons in which both kidneys are spoiled.
3. Blood that passes through kidney contains nitrogenous wastes.	3. Dialysing fluid used in dialysis machine do not contain nitrogenous wastes.
4. Person’s blood passes through Malphigian body and renal tubule during filtration.	4. Patient’s blood is passed through number of tubes with semi-permeable lining suspended in a tank filled with dialysing fluid.
5. Reabsorption of materials takes place in proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule of renal tubule.	5. No absorption of material takes place in artificial kidney.

c. Excretion and secretion:

Excretion	Secretion
1) It is the removal of materials from a living being.	1) It is movement of material from one point to other point.
2) Excretion is passive in nature.	2) Secretion is active in nature.
3) Humans excrete materials such as tears, urine, carbon dioxide and sweat.	3) Humans secretions includes enzymes, hormones and saliva.
4) Excretion is mostly body waste.	4) Secretion is important materials that can be metabolized and used by our body.
5) Plants excrete through roots into its surroundings and falling off leaves and bark.	5) Secretions occur in the plant body in the form of latex, resins, gums etc.

d. Primary metabolites and secondary metabolites:

Primary metabolites	Secondary metabolites
1) They are involved in normal growth, development and reproduction.	1) They are not directly involved in the normal growth, development and reproduction.
2) Examples for primary metabolites are carbohydrates, fats and proteins.	2) Examples for secondary metabolites are alkaloids, tannins, resins, gums and latex etc.
3) They are not poisonous.	3) Some of these compounds are poisonous.

Question 11.
There is a pair of bean-shaped organs ‘P’ in the human body towards the back.,just above the waist. A waste product ‘Q’ formed by the decomposition of unused proteins in liver is brought into organ ‘P’ through blood by an artery ‘R’. The numerous tiny filters ‘S’ present in organ ‘p’ clean the dirty blood goes into circulation through a vein ‘T’. The waste substance ‘Q’ and other waste salts and excess water form a yellowish liquid ‘U’ which goes from organ ‘P’ into a bag like structure ‘V’ through two tubes ‘W’. This liquid is then thrown out of the body through a tube ‘X’.

a. What is
i. organ P and
ii. waste substance Q.
Answer:
i) Organ P is, kidney and
ii) Waste substance Q is urea.

b. Name
i. artery R and
ii. vein T
Answer:
i) Artery R is Renal arteryand
ii) Vein T is Renal vein.

c. What are tiny filters S known as?
Answer:
Tiny filters S are Nephrons.

d. Name
i. liquid U
ii. structure V
iii. tubes W
iv. tube X.
Answer:
i. Liquid Ui urine.
ii. Structure V is urinary bladder.
iii. Tube W is ureters.
iv. Tube X is urethra.

Question 12.
The organ ‘A’ ofa person has been damaged completely due to a poisonous waste material B has started accumulation in his blood, making it dirty. In order to save this person’s life, the blood from an artery in the person’s arm is made to flow into long tubes made of substance ‘E’ which are kept in coiled form in a tank containing solution ‘F’. This solution contains three materials ‘G’, ‘H’ and ‘I’ similar proportions to those in normal blood. As the person ‘s blood passes through long tubes of substance ‘E’, most if the wastes present in it go into solution ‘F’. The clean blood is then put back into a vein in the person for circulation.

(a) What is organ A?
Answer:
Kidney

(b) Name the wastes substance B.
Answer:
Urea

(c) What are (i) E, and (ii) F?
Answer:

• Long tubes E are made of cellulose.
• Solution ‘F’ is dialysing fluid contains three materials like : water, glucose and salts.

(d) What are G, H and I?
Answer:
Waste molecules, nutrient molecules and water.

(e) What is the process described above known as?
Answer:
Dialysis.

Question 13.
Imagine what happens if waste materials are not sent out of the body from time to time?
Answer:

• If waste materials are not sent out of the body from time to time they get accumulates in the body.
• The accumulation of toxic wastes in the body harms an organism.
• For an organism to lead a normal life, the toxic wastes being produced in its body
  must be removed from time to time.
• If all the waste released is not sent out, the waste gets stagnated, produce toxins and poisons which pollute the body. They lead to death of the organism.

Question 14.
To keep your kidneys healthy for long period what questions will you ask a nephrologist/urologist?
Answer:
The questions iam going to ask a nephrologist/urologjst to keep my kidneys healthy for long period are

• How can prevent formation of stones in kidney?
• Does a renal failure hereditary?
• What are the dietary measures to be taken for normal functioning of kidney?
• How does diabetes harm kidneys?
• What shall I do to keep my kidneys healthy for a long time?
• What are the factors responsible for kidney failure?
• What is the normal functioning of kidney?
• Is there any relationship between blood pressure and kidney function?
• What are the kidney function tests?
• What kind of medications should I avoid?
• What are the symptoms of kidney failure?
• How frequently should my kidney function be checked?
• How can I prolong my kidney health?
• What causes chronic kidney disease?
• How much water should I drink per a day?
• Why is smoking bad for the kidneys?
• What are the different types of kidney disease’s?
• Who is most prone to kidney disease?
• What can I do to help fight kidney disease?
• If one kidney fails can we live on another kidney?
  (You can add some more questions)

Question 15.
What are the gum-yielding trees in your surroundings? What procedure you should follow to collect gum from trees?
Answer:

• Gum yielding plants : Neem, Acacia, Eucalyptus, Sapota, etc.
• Though some gum will flow naturally from cracks in the bark of acacia and neem,we have to stimulate the flow by removing thin strips of bark an operation that requires some skill.
• Gum is collected about four weeks after stripping and can be repeated every few weeks thereafter several months.
• For collecting gum from trees we have to locate some mature gum trees.
• From the location we have to identify the best species of gum tree for collecting gum.
• Some tools are required for collecting gum.
• We have to choose a tree to make tap into.
• Break the bark away from the sap (live) wood about 3 foot from the ground and about 10 inches wide, by chopping the bark away with an axe or sickle.
• We have to fit collecting bucket tightly to the sap wood so that when gum begins to seep out, it will drip into it.
• Break some shallow notches in a ‘V’ shape, with the point of the ‘V’ directly above the centre of the bucket.
• Leave the bucket attached to the tree until the gum begins to seep out and drains into it.
• Remove any nails or other metal things when we finished from the tree and take down the gum collection bucket.

Question 16.
Collect the information about uses of different kinds alkaloids, take help of library or internet?
Answer:

Question 17.
Draw a neat labeled diagram of L.S of kidney?
Answer:

Question 18.
Describe the structure of nephron with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
Structure of nephron: Each nephron has the following parts.

A. Malpiglilan body:

• It consists of a blind cup-shaped broader end of nephron called Bowman’s capsule.
• And a bunch of fine blood capillaries called glomerulus.
• The afferent arteriole (arteriole is the finer branch of an artery) enters Into the
  Bowman’s capsule and divides into a network of capillaries.
• It comes out of the capsule as efferent arteriole with lesser diameter.
• The bunch of capillaries is called glomerulus.
• Because of the narrower outlet (efferent arteriole) pressure exerts in the glomerulus.
• It functions as a filtration unit.
• Bowman’s capsule which accommodates one glomerulus, is lined by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells called podocyte cells.
• There are fine pores between pod ocyte cells to allow passage of materials filtered out of glomerulus.

B. Renal tubule:

• It has three parts.
• First or proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, which is U shaped, second or distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
• Distal convoluted tubules open into a collecting tube.
• Collecting tubules form pyramids and calyces which open into the pelvis.
• Pelvis leads into the ureter.
• All the parts of the renal tubule are surrounded by a network of peritubular (around tube) capillaries formed from efferent arteriole.
• The peritubular capillaries join to form renal venule, which joins the other venules to form finally the renal vein.

Question 19.
Draw a block diagram showing the pathway of excretory system in human beings.
Answer:
Block diagram showing the pathway of excretory system in human beings.

Question 20.
If you want to explain the process of filtration in kidney what diagram you need to draw.
Answer:

Question 21.
List out the things that makes you amazing in excretory system of human being.
Answer:

• Kidneys remove garbage from our body. They also work towards balancing the amount of vitamins, minerals, fat and protein that are found in the blood. It does this so that our body can easily perform day to day activities.
• The right and left kidneys are assisted by a number of organs in the body which help in disposing waste products.
• Our intestine makes solid waste materials and is excreted through digestive tract.
• Each day our body eliminates around 1.6 to 1.8 litres all of the liquids, minerals and vitamins that are of no use to the body are contained the urine.
• The bladder of a human body is nearly the same size as the average of human brain.
• In one individual’s life span the liver can produce around 184.275 kgs of bile (6500 ounces).
• In our life time an individual could urinate close to 7,850,000,000 gallons of fluid.
• There are two kidneys in the human body. The left kidney is always found higher than the right kidney.
• A really extraordinary fact regarding the excretory system is that upto 400 ml of urine can be held in human bladder.
• Skin is also an excretory organ responsible for elimination of wastes through sweat along with various toxins.
• Urine contains a high amount of urea which can be used by plants as a source of nitrogen. Because of this diluted urine can be used in gardens and potted plants.

Question 22.
You read about ‘Brain dead’ in this chapter. What discussions would you like to have why you think so?
Answer:

• When some one is brain dead, there is no blood flow or oxygen to their brain.
• The brain stops functioning ¡n any capacity.
• Because the ventilator is breathing for the person organs such as the heart and liver continue to receive oxygen and one able to function for a few days after the
  brain has dead.
• Unless damaged by injury we can transplant organs like kidney, liver, heart, lungs, pancreas, skin, bone, intestine and eyes (Retina) from brain’ dead patients.
• The process of transplantation of organs from brain dead patients to another is called cadaver transplantation.
• There is very less awareness among people about organ donation.
• Society needs much awareness in organ donation so that we can save many lives who are in need of different organs for their survival.
• Those who are willing to donate their organs have to sign in an application form at transplantation facility hospital.
• Some voluntary organisation like jeevandan.org working on this aspect.

Question 23.
We people have very less awareness about organ donation, to motivate people write slogans about organ donation?
Answer:

• Organ donation saves lives.
• Give a life, gift of life.
• Donate organs today for better tomorrow.
• The measure of a life, after all is not its duration but its donation.
• Change your thoughts and you change your world.
• Organ donation is icky (disagreeable) but recycle yourself is sticky.
• Support organ donation across our great nation.
• Give my eyes to a man who has never seen a sun rise.
• Give my heart to a person whose own heart has caused nothing but endless days of pain.
• The gift that lives on.

Question 24.
After learning this chapter what habits you would like to change or follow for proper functioning of kidneys?
Answer:

• I always eat the home-cooked meals. Canned foods, fast foods, restaurant foods and highly processed food cause malfunctioning of kidney I avoid eating the above food items.
• I should adopt to take low salt diet to help controlling blood pressure and slow down a kidney damage.
• Eating food that are lower in protein can help to decrease levels of urea and improve kidney function.
• I replace high protein foods like meat, eggs and milk products with lower protein options like grains and vegetables.
• I avoid eating products that contain refined sugar such as cakes, pies, cookies, candies and pastries. I replace the above food items with fruits containing simple carbohydrates.
• High sodium content in the food damages kidneys. Hence I avoid foods that are high in sodium Including potato chips, bacon (cured meat from back or sides of pig), cheese, meat, canned vegetables, canned soups, frozen dinners and table salt.
• Spices that do not contain sodium can be used to add flavour to food without increasing sodium intake.
• I avoid taking high phosphorus foods such as cheese, cola soft drinks, butter and I replace them with lower phosphorus foods such as soft drinks, sharbat etc.
• Potassium levels in the body are kept at normal levels by kidneys. So I eat food with how potassium levels.
• Potassium levels are low In apples, watermelon, cucumber, grapes, cherries and carrot. High potassium levels cause Irregular heart beats.

Fill in the blanks :

1. Earthworm excretes t ts waste material through …………….
2. The dark coloured outer zone of kidney is called …………….
3. The process of control of water balance and ion concentration within organism is called …………….
4. Reabsorption of useful product takes place in ……………. part of nephron.
5. Gums and resins are the ……………. products of the plants.
6. Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus taken together make a …………….
7. The alkaloid used for malaria treatment is …………….
8. The principle involved in dialysis is …………….
9. Rubber is produced from ……………. of Heavea braziliensis of rubber plants.
10. ……………. performed first Kidney Transplantation.
Answer:
1. nephridia
2. cortex
3. osmoregulation
4. tubular
5. secondary metabolic
6. malphigian tubule
7. quinine
8. separation
9. latex
10. Dr. Charles Hufnagei

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The structural and functional unit of human kidney is called ……………..
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Nephridia
D. Flame cell
Answer:
B. Nephron

Question 2.
The excretory organ in cockroach
A. Maiphigian tubules
B. Raphids
C. Ureters
D. Nephridia
Answer:
A. Maiphigian tubules

Question 3.
Which of the following is the correct path taken by urine in our body
i. Kidneys
ii. Ureters
iii. Urethra
iv. Urinary bladder
A. i, ii, iv, iii
B. i, ii, iii, iv
C. iv, iii, i, ii
D. ii, iii, i, iv
Answer:
A. i, ii, iv, iii

Question 4.
Maiphlgian tubes are excretory organs in ………..
A. Earthworm
B. Housefly
C. Flatworm
D. Flame cell
Answer:
B. Housefly

Question 5.
Major component of urine is ………………….
A. Urea
B. Sodium
C. Water
D. Creatine
Answer:
C. Water

Question 6.
Special excretory organs are absent in ……………..
A. Birds
B. Amoeba
C. Sponges
D. A and B
Answer:
B. Amoeba

Question 7.
Which of the following hormones has direct impact on urination?
A. Adrenal
B. Vasopressin
C. Testosterone
D. Oestrogen
Answer:
B. Vasopressin

Question 8.
Amber colour to urine due to …………..
A. Urochrome
B. Bilirubin
C. Biliverdin
D. Chlorides
Answer:
A. Urochrome

Question 9.
Sequence of urine formation in nephron is ……………
A. Glomerular filtration → Tubular reabsorption → Tubular secretion
B. Tubular reabsorption → Tubular secretion → Glomerular filtration
C. Tubular secretion → Glomerular filtration → Tubular reabsorption
D. Tubular reabsorption → Concentration of urine → Tubular secretion
Answer:
A. Glomerular filtration → Tubular reabsorption → Tubular secretion

Question 10.
Part of the nephron that exists in outer zone of kidney.
A. Loop of the Henle
B. PCT
C. DCT
D. Bowman’s capsule
Answer:
D. Bowman’s capsule

Question 11.
After having lunch or dinner one can feel to pass urine, because of ……………
A. Stomach pressures on bladder
B. Solids become liquids
C. Water content in food material
D. Sphincter relaxation
Answer:
D. Sphincter relaxation

TS 10th Class Biology 4th Lesson Excretion Intext Questions

1 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
What products would cause harm to the body, if they are not removed ?
Answer:
Nitrogenous compounds like ammonia, urea, uric acid, bile pigments, excess salts are toxic to the body. So they should be removed.

Question 2.
What happens if harmful products are not removed from our body every day ?
Answer:
If harmful products are not removed from our body they get accumulated in the body and becomes toxic. This leads to the death of the person.

Question 3.
What are the substances present in blood ?
Answer:
The substances present in blood are Glucose, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorides, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Calcium Phosphorous, Bilirubin, Proteins, Albumin.

Question 4.
What are the substances present in urine ?
Answer:
Protein, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphorous, Uric acid, Sodium, Potassium are the sub-stances present in urine.

Question 5.
What are the substances present both in blood and urine ?
Answer:
Sodium, Potassium, Chlorides, Urea, Uric acid, Calcium, Phosphorous are the substances present in blood and urine is common.

Question 6.
Which substances are present above the normal limits both in the blood and urine ?
Answer:
Sodium, Protein, Potassium, Urea, Uric acid, Cholesterol, Phosphorus, Calcium are present above the normal limits both in the blood and urine.

Question 7.
What do you think a reading above normal limits indicates ?
Answer:
If any material is above the normal limits, it causes health problem which leads to a disease and damage of the organs.

Question 8.
What are the materials needed to be removed from our body ?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, water and nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia, urea and uric acid are the waste materials needed to be removed from our body.

Question 9.
Think why the diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than that of afferent arteriole ?
Answer:
The diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than afferent arteriole so as to create pressure in the glomerulus to filter the waste materials. Due to this, blood remains in glomerulus more time.

Question 10.
Why is the nephron considered to be the structural and functional unit of the kidney ?
Answer:
The nephron gives structure to the kidneys and it is the functioning unit like filtering the nitrogenous waste materials from the blood. So nephron is considered to be the structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Question 11.
Why more urine is produced in winter ?
Answer:
When we are in cold environment, blood flow to our internal organs is increased, to keep our organs warm. The increase in the blood flow to the kidneys causes more blood to be filtered. Thus more urine is produced in winter.

Question 12.
What happens if reabsorption of water does not takes place ?
Answer:
Our body is filled with water and our hands or feet may swell.

Question 13.
Is there any long term solution for kidney failure patients ?
Answer:
The best long term solution for kidney failure is kidney transplantation. A functioning kidney which is a good match to the body is used in transplantation from a donor preferably a closed relative.

Question 14.
What are the other excretory organs of human body ?
Answer:
Lungs, Skin, Liver are the other excretory organs of human body.

Question 15.
People in cold countries get very less/no sweat What changes occur in their skin and in other excretory organs ?
Answer:
In cold countries due to cool environment, the blood vessels are narrow and sweat production is reduced or no sweat. Thus, the skin keeps the body warm.

Question 16.
Do roots secrete ?
Answer:
Yes, roots also can secrete a portion of their peculiar secretions back into the soil.

Question 17.
Why do we get peculiar smell when you shift the potted plants ?
Answer:
Some peculiar secretions are secreted and sent out from roots into soil. When we shift the potted plant we get peculiar smell due to the chemical reaction of the secretion in the soil to make it fertile.

2 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
What products would the organism be able to take up for other activities ?
Answer:
Oxygen produced in the photosynthesis process is used by all the living organisms on the earth for breathing. Without oxygen life would not be possible on the earth. No organism can survive. Carbon dioxide produced in respiration will be taken up by plants to prepare food materials, in the process of photosynthesis. Plants are called autotrophs because they produce food for all the animals and human beings directly or indirectly.

Question 2.
Where are these materials removed from ?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is eliminated through lungs while small amounts of water is eliminated through body surface (sweating) and through lungs during respiration. An excretory organ system is present for excreting the nitrogenous wastes along with salts, excess water.

Question 3.
Why do you think the body must remove waste substances ?
Answer:
For the smooth functioning of the body the body should be healthy. Waste materials are the toxic substances, which are harmful to the body. So they should be eliminated. If they remain in the body, it leads to the unhealthy conditions to the organisms.

Question 4.
What happens if both kidneys fail completely ?
OR
What happens if both kidneys fail completely in human beings ?
Answer:

• Complete and irreversible kidney failure is sometimes called end stage renal disease (ESRD).
• If kidneys stop working completely, our body is filled with extra water and waste products. This condition is called uremia.
• Our hands or feet may swell.
• The person feels tired and weak because the body needs clean blood to function properly.
• The failure of kidneys leads to accumulation of poisonous wastes in the body and leads to death.

Question 5.
Collect information on sebum and prepare a news bulletin, display it on bulletin board.
Answer:
Sebaceous glands are present in the skin. These glands are also known as oil glands. They produce an oily substance called sebum. The sebaceous gland is like a sack. It has a duct through which it opens into the hair folicle. The sebum is sent outside through the hair folicle to the outside of the skin. Sebum prevents the skin from becoming dry.

Question 6.
Why do plants shed their leaves and bark periodically ?
Answer:
The leaf is a fragile organ and is at risk from desiccation arid freezing during winter months. To prevent damage most decidous trees shed their leaves in a process called abscission. The tree first withdraws valuable pigments like chlorophyll from leaf before forming a thin band of dead cells at the base of the stem separate the leaf to the stalk. The leaf tissue then dies and drops to the forest floor where it decomposes. Any useful nutrients are then reabsorbed by roots.

Question 7.
Name the alkaloids which are harmful to us.
Answer:
Nicotine is harmful. It causes lung cancer, throat cancer, tongue cancer and affects the nervous system.
Morphine which is used as pain killer, may affect kidneys if they are used more.
Nitrogenous substances are also found in the walls of pollen grains; they are protein substances and when they enter our body they cause allergy.

Question 8.
Do you think is there any relation between reduction in yielding and root secretions ?
Answer:
Yes, there is a relation between reduction in yielding and root secretions. For example, plants like apple where a single apple crop is yielded for 4 or 5 years continuously in the same soil, it fails to produce fruits. It will not give proper yield even if you use lot of fertilizers.

4 Mark Question and Answers :

Question 1.
Where is the transplanted kidney fixed in the body of a kidney failure patient?
Answer:
Kidney transplantation Involves placing a healthy kidney into the body where it can perform all of the functions that a failing kidney cannot. The new kidney is placed on the lower right or left side of the abdomen where it is surgically connected to nearby blood vessels.

Placing the kidney in this position allows it to be easily connected to blood vessels and the bladder. The vein and the artery of the new kidney are attached to the body’s vein and artery. The new kidney’s ureter is attached to the body’s bladder to allow urine to pass out of the body.

Question 2.
What about the failure of kidneys ?
Answer:
In most cases the old kidneys will not be removed. This is because even failed kidneys release chemicals that help the body work. However if those kidneys have a disease that cause on going problems such as persistent kidney infections or intestinal blockage,then the transplanting would be considered removing the old kidney. The two most common medical Conditions requiring “native nephrectomy” or “congenital reflux” disease and polycystic disease.

Question 3.
Can donor lead normal life with single kidney without any complication
Answer:
Once a living donor candidate has been completely evaluated and cleared, the chance of the donation affecting his or her life span or life style is extremely low with any surgery and anaesthesia, however, there are risks. Nationally the risk of having a life threatning problem with donating a kidney is one in three thousand.

The risk of minor complications such as a minor wound infection is about 2 to 4%. Because the kidney donor operation is a major surgical procedure; donors find they have less energy and need about 4 to 6 weeks to return to their full resurgical activity level.

Question 4.
Do plants excrete like animals?
Answer:

• Plants do not have specific organs to excrete the waste materials which are formed during metabolism.
• As in animals carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and other nitrogenous wastes are also formed in plants.
• In plants, carbon dioxide released during respiration is sent out through stomata of leaves.
• Plants discharge the excess water in the form of water vapour during transpiration by leaves. Due to this, the heat in the plants is reduced.
• In germinating seeds carbon dioxide formed during respiration is released into atmosphere.
• Plants have the capacity to utilise the by- products of one metabolic activity as the raw materials for another metabolic activity.
• For example, oxygen released during photosynthesis utilised for respiration; carbon dioxide released during respiration is utilised for photosynthesis. Plants convert nitrogen and ammonia into nitrates.

Question 5.
How do plants manage or send out waste products from its body?
Answer:

• Plants can get rid of excess water by a process like transpiration and guttation. Waste products may be stored in leaves, bark and fruits.
• When these dead leaves, bark, and ripe fruits fall off from the trees, then waste products in them are got rid off.
• In some plants, waste gets stored in the fruits in the form of solid bodies called raphides.
  Example : Yam.
• Several compounds are synthesized by the plants for their own use specially for defense.
• Several plants prepare chemicals and store them in shoots, leaves, seeds for protection against herbivores.
• Most of the chemicals are unpleasant to taste and hence herbivores do not prefer to eat such plants. Some of the chemicals are toxic and may even kill the animal that eats them.
• Some of the plants release attractants for other organisms which will help the plants for pollination.
• For example, plants having root nodules secrete chemicals to attract rhizobia into the surroundings of the roots and form a symbiotic relationship with the rhizobium.

TS 10th Class Biology 4th Lesson Excretion Activities

Activity 1.

How do you study the external and internal features of a kidney?
OR
Explain the procedure and observations of the experiment conducted to observe internal structure of the Kidney.
Answer:
Materials required : Freshly collected specimen of sheep/goat’s kidney from the butcher or 3D model of a kidney, sharp blade/ scalpel, tray and a jug of water. Procedure for observation:

• Before bringing the kidney to the lab wash it thoroughly so that, blood is completely drained from it.
• Put the kidney in the tray and observe it carefully.
• Note down the observations in the notebook.
• With the help of sharp blade take the longitudinal section of the kidney and observe internal structure.
• Draw what you have observed and compare it with the figure.
• After observing the L.S. of kidney answer the following questions given under.

Question 1.
What is the shape of kidneys?
Answer:
The shape of kidneys are bean shape.

Question 2.
What is the colour of kidney?
Answer:
Colour of kidney is reddish brown.

Question 3.
Do you find any attachments on upper portion of kidney?
Answer:
Yes. Adrenal glands are attached to kidneys Ofl upper portion.

Question 4.
Is the Internal structures similar to fig – 2?
Answer:
Yes. It is similar to internal structure of fig – 2.

Question 5.
What is the colour of the outer part In LS. of kidney?
Answer:
The colour of the outer part of the kidney is Dark.

Question 6.
In L.S. of kidney where do you find dark brown colour portion?
Answer:
Dark brown colour portion is found on the outer zone of kidney.

Question 7.
How many tubes are coming out from kidney fissure?
Answer:
Two tubes are coming from kidney.

These TS 10th Class English Important Questions 4th lesson Films and Theatre will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class English Important Questions 4th lesson Films and Theatre

Section – A : Reading Comprehension

(Q. 1 – 7)

(A) Read the following passage.

It was a unique friendship that developed between a French-Canadian priest and one of the world’s greatest film directors and had a singular impact on Bengali films both academically and practically. It was enroute to India in 1961, at a stop-over in New York, that 26-year-old Fr. Gaston Roberge was acquainted with the works of Satyajit Ray through the Apu Trilogy.

He found the world of Apu so fascinating that he saw all three films in one sitting; and there began his long-standing love affair with the people of India and Bengali cinema and culture, which led to path-breaking work in those fields. In his latest book, Satyajit Ray, Essays : 1970- 2005, a compilation of his essays as the name suggests, being published by Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, Roberge provides a scholarly, original analysis of Ray’s works, giving an insight into the greatness of Ray both as a person and as an artist.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
What does the expression ‘en-route’ mean ?
(A) in the way
(B) on the way
(C) the way which is very far
(D) the way which is very near
Answer:
(B) on the way

Question 2.
The meaning of the word ‘path-breaking’ is
(A) Totally new
(B) Totally old
(C) Familiar
(D) Unfamiliar
Answer:
(A) Totally new

Question 3.
What is Roberge’s background ?
(A) He belongs to Canada.
(B) He belongs to both France and Canada.
(C) He belongs to America.
(D) He is Canadian priest but has French origin.
Answer:
(D) He is Canadian priest but has French origin.

Question 4.
…………… his longstanding love affair/ Who is the lover ? And who is loved ?
(A) Ray and Roberge
(B) Roberge and people of India
(C) Tagore and Roberge
(D) Roberge and people of Canada
Answer:
(B) Roberge and people of India

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
How did Roberge feel when he saw the three films ?
Answer:
He was so fascinated by seeing the films that he watched all the three in one sitting.

Question 6.
How was Roberge attracted towards Ray ? (Or) What led to Roberge’s longstanding love affair with the people of India ?
Answer:
The films Apu Trilogy fascinated Roberge very much. There his long-standing love affair with the people of India which led to friendship with Ray.

Question 7.
One thing led to path-breaking work in those fields. What was that ?
Answer:
The long-standing love affair of Roberge with the people of India and Bengali cinema and culture, led to path-breaking work in those fields.

(B) Read the following passage.

‘The Apu Trilogy was, in fact, my first portal to West Bengal and its people,” he told Frontline. In his youth, all he knew of Bengal was through Mircea Eliade’s La Nuit Bengalie, some of Tagores poems, and a Reader’s Digest article on Mother Teresa. If the harsh image of poverty brought out by the article on the “Saint of the Slums” haunted him, Apu’s world came as a reassurance.

“No. Apu, Sarbajaya, even Harihar did not need my help – but how not to love them ? I thought it was fortunate that I would soon be among them,” he wrote. Roberge does not endorse the accusation of Ray’s detractors that the master director made his reputation selling India’s poverty to the West.

“What struck me most was not the material poverty depicted in the films, but the enormous spiritual poverty of some rich people is much more deplorable than material poverty,” he said. Roberge does not speak with the arrogance of the West. “I was here on a quest to know the world and in the process know myself. I did not come here to convert. In fact, I am the one who got converted,”

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer andwrite (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker of the first sentence?
(A) Roberge
(B) Satyajit Ray
(C) Frontline
(D) Tagore
Answer:
(A) Roberge

Question 2.
What do you understand by the expression TrIlogy’?
(A) A set of three films with different artists or characters
(B) A set of two films with different artists or characters
(C) A set of three films with the same artists or characters
(D) A set of two films with the same artists or characters
Answer:
(C) A set of three films with the same artists or characters

Question 3.
Whose poverty is mentioned in the passage?
(A) Canada
(B) France
(C) India
(D) China
Answer:
(C) India

Question 4.
Who was considered as the Saint of the Slums’?
(A) Rabindranath Tagore
(B) Satyajit Ray
(C) Roberge
(D) Mother Teresa
Answer:
(D) Mother Teresa

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
How did Roberge come to know about India’s poverty in his youth ? (Or) How did Roberge gain some knowledge about Bengal when he was young ?
Answer:
He came to know about India’s poverty in his youth through Mircea Eliade’s La Nuit Bengalie, some of Tagore’s poems and a Reader’s Digest article on Mother Teresa.

Question 6.
What impact does the Apu Trilogy have on the speaker?
Answer:
The impact of Apu Trilogy made the speaker, Roberge to visit India especially Calcutta.

Question 7.
“Apu’s world came as a reassurance.” What does this mean according to the speaker ?
Answer:
Roberge came to know about India’s poverty in his youth itself. But through the films Apu Trilogy he confirmed that India in miserable poverty. In this way the films gave reassurance.

(C) Read the following passage.

Philosophically too, Roberge feels, Ray took off where Tagore signed out. If one compares the last major prose piece by Tagore,” Shabhyatar Sankat” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning of the Second World War, which contains his immortal dictum that in spite of what was happening it would be a sin to lose faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha, and Agantuk the analogy becomes clear.

“In these three films Ray was at his most personal and when some critics-saw the films as didactic and verbose, he felt deeply hurt. For, in these last films, Satyajit was directly talking to us, conveying his personal message on society and civilization. If the impulse that motivated his earlier films was aesthetics, in the last three it was self-expression.

And there we were denying him his right to speak. As the saying goes, no one is a prophet in one’s own country,” said Roberge. An agnostic throughout his life, it is possible, Roberge feels, that is the face of death Ray was searching for an answer. This was suggested by some of the music that he used in Shakha Prashakha.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer andwrite (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Tagore’s prose piece Shabhyatar Sankat (crisis of civilization) was written
(A) at the beginning of the first world war
(B) at the end of the second world war
(C) at the beginning of the second world war
(D) at the end of the first world war
Answer:
(C) at the beginning of the second world war

Question 2.
The word dictum means
(A) a precept
(B) a statement that is believed to be true
(C) a statement on hypothetical basis
(D) a statement based on fact and proof
Answer:
(B) a statement that is believed to be true

Question 3.
Ray was deeply hurt because
(A) the critics saw the last three films as didactic and verbose.
(B) the critics said that they were his most personal.
(C) the critics remarked that they were superfluous
Answer:
(A) the critics saw the last three films as didactic and verbose.

Question 4.
The impulse that motivated his earlier films was
(A) communalism
(B) aesthetics
(C) love of art
(D) a plea for right to speak
Answer:
(B) aesthetics

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What was Tagore’s immortal dictum ?
Answer:
The last prose piece by Tagore was Shabhyatar Sankat, that is Crisis of Civilisation. It contains Tagore’s immortal dictum that in spite of whatwas happening it would be a sin to lose faith in Man.

Question 6.
What was the difference between, Ray’s earlier films and the last three films ?
Answer:
The impulse that motivated his earlier films he was aesthetics whereas directing and producing art motivated his last three films.

Question 7.
What was the response of Ray to the comments made by the critics about his last three films ?
Answer:
When some critics saw the films as didactic and verbose, he felt deeply hurt. He said that those films convey his personal message on society and civilization.

(D) Read the following passage.
“I was here on a quest to know the world and in the process know myself. I did not come here to convert. In fact, I am the one who got converted,” he said.

But it took him nine years after reaching Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joining St. Xavier’s College, to muster up the confidence to meet Ray in person. “Although I wanted to meet him right away, I didn’t want to just go and see him like he was a living museum piece. I wanted to prepare myself, get to know his works more, so that when we met, there could be a worthwhile dialogue,” he said. When they finally met,’ it was the beginning of a close friendship that lasted 22 years- until Rays death in 1992.

It was a very quiet friendship that developed over the years. Manikda [as Ray was affectionately called by his friends] was a shy person and always very discreet about displaying his emotions,” said Roberge. Though to outsiders, Ray’s massive stature- physical and intellectual- might have made him come across as cold, aloof and even intimidating, he was in reality a very simple and unassuming man with a subtle sense of humour.

It was an unspoken arrangement between the two of them to meet on Sundays at 9 a.m. at Ray’s residence on Bishop Lefroy Road, Kolkata. Ray would invite Roberge over for private screenings of his latest films and welcomed comments on them. But this happened only after the friendship had cemented, for in the early days of their dialogue Ray’s shyness prevented him from talking about his own films.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer andwrite (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Roberge came to Calcutta
(A) to convert Indians.
(B) on a quest to know the world.
(C) to get converted.
(D) to meet Ray.
Answer:
(B) on a quest to know the world.

Question 2.
Which of the following words given in the passage mean, “showing pride’ ?
(A) endorse
(B) arrogance
(C) muster
(D) discreet
Answer:
(B) arrogance

Question 3.
The unspoken arrangement between Ray and Roberge was to
(A) invite Roberge over for private screenings.
(B) welcome comments from Roberge.
(C) meet on Sundays at Ray’s residence.
(D) make friends with each other for a long time.
Answer:
(C) meet on Sundays at Ray’s residence.

Question 4.
In the early days of Ray’s friendship with Roberge, he didn’t talk about his own films because
(A) Roberge was a Canadian.
(B) Roberge didn’t have film-knowledge.
(C) Ray thought that Roberge was not a good friend.
(D) Ray’s shyness.
Answer:
(D) Ray’s shyness.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What do you understand by Roberge’s dialogue, “I didn’t come here to convert. In fact, I am the one who got converted.” ?
Answer:
The word convert’ means ‘change’. Usually the West come to India to convert the Indian people to Christianity. As far as Roberge is concerned, he was the one who got converted with the newly ac quired knowledge about the world and got a chance to know about himself.

Question 6.
Why do you think it took Roberge nine years after reaching Calcutta to meet Ray ?
Answer:
Though Roberge wanted to meet Ray right away, he didn’t want to just go and see him like he was a living museum piece. Roberge wanted to prepare himself, get to know Ray’s works more so that when they met, there could be a worthwhile dialogue between them.

Question 7.
What kind of person was Ray ?
Answer:
Ray was a very simple and unassuming man with a subtle sense of humour. He was a shy person and always very discreet about displaying his emotions.

(E) Read the following passage.

But it took him nine years after reaching Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joining St.Xavier’s College, to muster up the confidence to meet Ray in person. ‘Although I wanted to meet him right away, I didn’t want to just go and see him like he was a living museum piece. I wanted to prepare myself, get to know his works more, so that when we met, there could be a worthwhile dialogue,” he said. When they finally met, it was the beginning of a close friendship that lasted 22 years – until Ray’s death in 1992.

“It was a very quiet friendship that developed over the years. Manikda [as Ray was affectionately called by his friends] was a shy person and always very discreet about displaying his emotions,” said Roberge. Though to outsiders, Ray’s massive stature-physical and intellectual-might have made him come across as cold, aloof and even intimidating, he was in reality a very simple and unassuming man with a subtle sense of humour.

It was an unspoken arrangement between the two of them to meet on Sundays at 9 a.m. at Rays residence on Bishop Lefroy Road, Kolkata. Ray would invite Roberge over for private screenings of his latest films and welcomed comments on them. But this happened only after the friendship had cemented, for in the early days of their dialogue Ray’s shyness prevented him from talking about his own films.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
‘When they finally met …………..’ which year did they probably meet ?
(A) in 1970
(B) in 1972
(C) in 1974
(D) in 1973
Answer:
(A) in 1970

Question 2.
“But it took him nine years……” What does ‘it’ refer to
(A) It refers to Roberge’s arrival to India.
(B) It refers to Roberge’s departure.
(C) It refers to Roberge and Rays friendship.
(D) It refers to Roberge meeting with Ray.
Answer:
(D) It refers to Roberge meeting with Ray.

Question 3.
………………… is an idiom.
(A) Muster up confidence
(B) Close friendship
(C) Worthwhile dialogue
(D) Right away
Answer:
(A) Muster up confidence

Question 4.
Who is the ‘living museum piece’ referred to here?
(A) Apu
(B) Ray
(C) Tagore
(D) Museum piece
Answer:
(B) Ray

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why did Roberge take nine years to meet Ray ? What would you do if you were in his place ?
Answer:
Because he wanted to prepare himself, get to know Ray’s works more and to gain confidence to meet Ray in person. If I were in the place of Roberge, I would do the same.

Question 6.
Why did the writer want to know Ray’s works more ?
Answer:
The writer wanted to know Ray’s works more so that there could be a worthwhile dialogue.

Question 7.
Do you think there was a worthwhile dialogue ? How can you say ?
Answer:
Yes, Roberge met Ray when he knew everything about Ray. So definitely there would be a worthwhile dialogue between them.

(F) Read the following passage. (March 2018)

“He was even shy of receiving compliments,” said Roberge. To Roberge, the greatest mark of Ray’s appreciation for him was that he often addressed the French-speaking priest in Bengali, “in spite of my lack of elegance in that language, and the fact that Ray knew both English and Bengali so well.”

“Ray’s screenplay manuscripts were an art by themselves,” Roberge says, “handwritten in Bengali, with notes in English for his set-designer, with sketches here and there, and occasional staff notation of fragments of music.” One Sunday morning, Roberge found Ray in a disturbed mood. A few well -known personalities of the city had visited him earlier to go through some of his manuscripts. After they left Ray found the Charulatha screenplay missing. Ray was almost sure who the culprit was. I asked him whether he was planning to take any action, and he said no, and explained to me that he did not want to hurt the reputation of the person. I was absolutely stunned by his humane concern/ said Roberge.

Like Rabindranath Tagore, Ray strode his time like a cotossus. Roberge writes, “It is as if all Bengal was in Manikda: the rich and the poor, the powerful and the humble, the peasants and the city persons, children, teenagers, adults and old people men and women”.

Philosophically too, Roberge feels, Ray took off where Tagore signed out. If one compares the last major prose piece by Tagore, “Shabhyatar Sankar” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning of the Second World War, which contains his immortal dictum that in spite of what was happening it would be a sin to lose faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray – Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha and Agantuk – the analogy becomes clear.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
A manuscript is
(A) a printed document
(B) a xeroxed document
(C) a handwritten document
(D) an executed document.
Answer:
(C) a handwritten document

Question 2.
‘Ray took off where Tagore signed out’refers to
(A) Ray followed Tagore’s philosophy
(B) Ray continued Tagore’s philosophy
(C) Ray signed the document where Tagore signed
(D) Ray explained the philosophy of Tagore
Answer:
(B) Ray continued Tagore’s philosophy

Question 3.
Ray didn’t take any action on the culprit because
(A) he didn’t want to hurt the reputation of the person
(B) the person was a relative of Ray.
(C) the person was a friend of Roberge.
(D) the person was a stranger.
Answer:
(A) he didn’t want to hurt the reputation of the person

Question 4.
In the passage, there is a comparison between two persons. Who are they ?
(A) Roberge and Ray
(B) Ray and Tagore
(C) Tagore and Roberge
(D) Ray and his set – designer
Answer:
(B) Ray and Tagore

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What was the greatest mark of Ray’s appreciation to Roberge ?
Answer:
Although Ray knew both English and Bengali, he often addressed Roberge in Bengali as a mark of his appreciation for the Frech – Canadian priest.

Question 6.
Why was Ray in a disturbed mood ?
Answer:
Ray was in a disturbed mood because the Charulatha screenplay was missing.

Question 7.
Ray did not take action against the person who stole his script. Do you think Ray was right or wrong ? Why ?
Answer:
I dont think Ray was right. Since the screenplay was a valubale one, he should have complained to the police against the culprit for stringent action.

(G) Read the following passage.

Like Rabindranath Tagore, Ray strode his time like a colossus. Roberge writes, “It is I as if all Bengal was in Manikda: the rich and the poor, the powerful and the humble, the peasants and the city persons, children, teenagers, adults and old people, men and women.”

Philosophically too, Roberge feels, Ray took off where Tagore signed out. If one compares the last major prose piece by Tagore, “Shabhyatar Sankat” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning of the Second World War, which contains his immortal dictum that in spite of what was happening it would be a sin to lose faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray-Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha, and Agantuk-the analogy becomes clear.

‘In these three films Ray was at his most personal and when some critics saw the films as didactic and verbose, he felt deeply hurt. For, in these last films, Satyajit was directly talking to us, conveying his personal message on society and civilization. If the impulse that motivated his earlier films was aesthetics, in the last three it was self-expression. And there we were denying him his right to speak. As the saying goes, no one is a prophet in one’s own country,” said Roberge. An agnostic throughout his life, it is possible, Roberge feels, that in the face of death Ray was searching for an answer. This was suggested by some of the music that he used in Shakha Prashakha.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The theme of ‘Shabhyatar Sankat’ is
(A) it would be a sin to lose faith in Man.
(B) it would be a sin to find faith in Man.
(C) Man should not be believed.
(D) Man is not trustworthy.
Answer:
(A) it would be a sin to lose faith in Man.

Question 2.
The last three films of Ray reveal
(A) immortal dictum
(B) Ray’s self-expression
(C) aesthetics
(D) prophesy
Answer:
(B) Ray’s self-expression

Question 3.
Which of the following words given the passage means, “a person doesn’t know whether God exists” ?
(A) aesthetics
(B) analogy
(C) agnostic
(D) dictum
Answer:
(D) dictum

Question 4.
Ray was deeply hurt because
(A) some critics saw his last three films as didactic and verbose.
(B) his last three films are self-expressive
(C) his last three films are not message oriented.
(D) some critics saw all his films E- didactic and verbose.
Answer:
(A) some critics saw his last three films as didactic and verbose.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What do you mean by like a colossus ?
Answer:
Here “colossus” means an extremely important person.

Question 6.
Name the last three films of Ray.
Answer:
Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha and Agantuk.

Question 7.
What do you understand by the expression, “Ray took off where Tagore signed out”?
Answer:
This means’that Ray began his work where Tagore ended. We find the analogy in Ray’ 5 last three films ‘Ganashatru ‘Shakha Prashakha’ and ‘Agantuk’ with Tagore’s ‘Shabhyatar Sankat’. Both their works contain the message that it would be a sin to lose faith in Man.

(H) Read the following passage.

The last time the two friends met, Ray was in hospital, on his deathbed. It was a Sunday and Roberge, true to habit, arrived on the dot at 9 a.m. “He had grown so weak that he looked frail as a child. I did not stay long, and as I was leaving, Manikda said, ‘Bhalo laglo’ [it was nice]. Those were his last words to me,” said Roberge.

One important fall out of this friendship was the establishment of Chitrabani, a communication and film institute, the first of its kind in West Bengal, which Roberge founded in 1970 and to which Ray, as a token of friendship, lent his name as co-founder. Ray was in the first governing body and after a few terms readily agreed to be the institute’s adviser. Roberge arranged most of the initial funding from Canadian agencies. “I had no reservations applying for them, for I feel richer countries in the West are indebted to countries like India,” he said.

For 26 years Roberge was the director of Chitrabani and under him the institute not only produced important documentary features, but also became breeding ground for local talent for film-making.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
An important result of the friendship between Roberge and Ray was
(A) the establishment of Chitrabani.
(B) the establishment of an orphanage.
(C) to produce only art films and not commerical films.
(D) to help the actors and actresses by promoting local talent for film-making.
Answer:
(A) the establishment of Chitrabani.

Question 2.
For years Roberge was the director of chitrabani
(A) more than a decade
(B) more than two decades
(C) for 25 years
(D) for 26 years
Answer:
(D) for 26 years

Question 3.
The funds for the setting up of Chitrabani were raised
(A) by Roberge
(B) by Ray
(C) by the Canadian Agencies
(D) by the elite Bengalees.
Answer:
(A) by Roberge

Question 4.
The film institute, became breeding …………………. for local talent for Film-making.
(A) place
(B) centre
(C) ground
(D) floor
Answer:
(C) ground

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Describe the last meeting of the two friends Roberge and Ray.
Answer:
When Ray and Roberge met last, Ray was in hospital, on his death bed. Ray had grown very weak and he looked as frail as a child. Roberge did not stay long. When he was about to leave, Manikda said, that it was nice to meet Roberge (Bhalo laglo). Those were the last words spoken by Satyajit Ray to Roberge. it was really a pathetic and affectionate meeting.

Question 6.
How were the two friends able to establish “Chitrabani”?
Answer:
One important result of their intimate friendship was the establishment of Chitrabani”, a communicatian and film institute. It was the first of its kind in West Bengal, which Roberge founded in 1970. Ray, as a token of their long association and comradery, lent his name as co-founder. Ray was in the first governing body. After a few terms, he readily agreed to be the institute’s adviser.

Question 7.
How did the film institute ‘Chitrabani’ help the budding artistes ?
Answer:
The film institue became the hub of training the amateur actors and actresses. For 26 years Roberge was the Director of the film Institute. With his guidance and supervision, the Institute not only produced important documentary features, but also became breeding ground for local actors and ac tresses for film-making with their own talent and creativity. It was remarkably admirable activity.

(Q.8 – 12):

(A) Read the following passage.

K. V. Reddy’s ‘Maya Bazaar’ has been voted as the ‘Greatest Indian Film’ in an online poll conducted by a television news channel. The poll was conducted to find out India’s greatest film till date, on the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema and people chose ‘Maya Bazaar’ over other Indian classics. The film is considered one of the enduring classics of Indian cinema and was christened as a landmark achievement in Indian film’s cinematography, art direction and VFX with the available technology during that time. The following is a review on the film when it celebrated the Golden Jubilee in 2007.

Fifty years ago, director K.V. Reddy or for that matter, producers Nagireddy and Chakrapani, would not have imagined what they were unleashing when they decided to make Maya Bazaar – a bilingual in Telugu and Tamil.
The finished product hit the screen in 1957 to become a landmark movie in the Telugu film industry. It became a hit not only for the sterling performances of the star- ensemble that it had right from S.V. Ranga Rao, Savitri, NTR, ANR, and Gummadi, but also because K.V. Reddy was in full control over every frame of it.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The finished product in the expression, “The finished product hit the screen in 1957,” is
(A) a bilingual
(B) a landmark movie.
(C) Maya Bazaar
(D) a film directed by K.V. Reddy.
Answer:
(C) Maya Bazaar

Question 9.
Which of the following words in the passage means, “a small group of artists who perform together” ?
(A) unleash
(B) ensemble
(C) enduring
(D) christen
Answer:
(B) ensemble

Question 10.
What is the landmark achievement according to the above report ?
(A) producing many Indian classics
(B) completing 100 years of Indian Cinema
(C) conducting online poll
(D) producing Maya Bazaar
Answer:
(D) producing Maya Bazaar

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why do you think the online poll was conducted ?
Answer:
The online poll was conducted to’ find out India’s greatest film till date, on the occasion of loo Years of Indian Cinema.

Question 12.
Why do you think the movie ‘Maya Bazaar’ became a hit ?
Answer:
Maya Bazaar became a hit not only for the sterling performances of the star-ensemble that it had right from SVR, Savitri, NTR, ANR and Gummadi, but also because KV Reddy was ‘n full control over every frame of it.

(B) Read the following passage.

There is little else one could expect when all time greats like Marcus Bartley (cinematography), Ghantasala (music), M.L.Vasantha Kumari, Leela, Suseela and Madhavapeddi (playback), Gokhale (art), Pasumarthy(choreography) and Pitambaram(make up) got together to weave magic around an episode from Mahabharatha, Sasirekha Parinayam. However, the greatness of Maya Bazaar, about which much is said and written, is not just because of these facets alone.

It is a tribute to Telugu culture, language and customs of the land. The film was watched repeatedly soon after its release because people identified every character of the film with someone they knew in their immediate vicinity and the audience still do the same now.

The dialogues written by Pingali Nagendra Rao (as well the lyrics) were the same that the people were hearing or using in their conversations every day – if not, those became a part of Telugu life thereafter. Sasirekha’s, nay Ghatothkacha’s Manadi Sodara Prema… became immortalized as much as Suryakantam’s antha alamalame kada which has become a way of life in greeting people.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
‘Sasirekha Parinayam’ episode was from
(A) Ramayana
(B) Bhagavatha
(C) Maha Bharatam
(D) Raghu Vamsam
Answer:
(C) Maha Bharatam

Question 9.
The play-back singer for male Characters was
(A) Madhavapeddi
(B) Ghantasala
(C) Balu
(D) Manu
Answer:
(A) Madhavapeddi
(B) Ghantasala

Question 10.
It is a ________ to Telugu culture, language and customs of the land. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.
(A) prestige
(B) glory
(C) tribute
(D) greatness
Answer:
(C) tribute

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Who wrote the dialogues for the film “Maya Bazaar” and how were they ?
Answer:
Pingali Nagendra Rao, a creative and famous author wrote the dialogues and the lyrics for the legendary film Maya Bazaar. They were the same that the people were using and hearing in their conversa tions every day. Moreover, these dialogues became a part of Telugu thereafter.

Question 12.
What is the actual greatness of the film “MAYA BAZAAR” ?
Answer:
The performance of the actors in the film was splendid and superb. The lyrics were melodious. How ever, the greatness of Maya Bazaar is not just because of these facts alone. It is a tribute to Telugu culture, language and customs of the land, Every character was natural.

(C) Read the following passage.

The story itself is woven around the love of Sasirekha-Abhimanyu. With Krishna and Balarama having difference of opinion over it, their wives too take sides as is inevitable in any family. To introduce the theme, the director uses a magic box, (an equivalent of a TV screen) which displays whatever is dear to the viewer’s heart.

Sasirekha naturally sees Abhimanyu and Balarama gets to see his sishya, Duryodhana on it. His wife laps up the sight of an array of jewellery and the audience laughed heartily because they knew that someone back home was equally attached to the riches.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The gadget used for introducing the theme was
(A) a magic box
(B) a floot
(C) a mirror
(D) a magic wand
Answer:
(A) a magic box

Question 9.
The magic box displays
(A) whatever it liked to show
(B) that was not seen till then
(C) whatever the viewer liked
(D) money and ornaments
Answer:
(C) whatever the viewer liked

Question 10.
The expression ‘laps up’ means
(A) accepting unwillingly
(B) accepting readily without hesitation
(C) taking something only after careful consideration
(D) to impress others
Answer:
(B) accepting readily without hesitation

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each

Question 11.
What does the word ‘inevitable’ mean ?
Answer:
Certain to happen.

Question 12.
What was the reason for difference of opinion between Balarama and Krishna ?
Answer:
Krishna wanted to give Sasirekha to Abhimanyu in marriage, whereas Balarama wished to make his Sishya Duryodhana’s son Lakshmana as his son-in-law.

(D) Read the following passage.

The result – a feast for the eyes and soul. That is Maya Bazaar for you. Mind you, this is a story of Paandavas and Kauravas with the Yadavas pitching in. But one never sees the Paandavas throughout the film. We only hear of them.

If any NRI asks you to suggest ways to teach Telugu culture just ask him or her to introduce them to Maya Bazaar first. Further, if they seek to know about their uncles, aunts and cousins back home, bring in their names , ‘look, this is your Balarama…” Any better way of doing it?

Then onwards it’s all Laahiri, laahiri, laahiri lo…

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Maya Bazaar is the story of
(A) Pandavas
(B) Kauravas
(C) Yadavas
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) Pandavas

Question 9.
N.R.I.standsfor:
(A) National Railway Institute
(B) National Revenue Institute
(C) Non-Residential Indians
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Non-Residential Indians

Question 10.
The film Maya Bazaar is a feast
(A) for the eyes and soul
(B) for the ears and soul
(C) for the eyes and ears
(D) for all senses and soul
Answer:
(A) for the eyes and soul

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What does the review say about the story of the film MAYA BAZAAR?
Answer:
The Hindu review says that witnessing a film like MAYA BAZAAR is a feast for the eyes and soul. Though it is also about Pandavas,we never see them throughout the tilm. We only hear of them. Of course, the review also says that the film Is about Kauravas with the Yadavas Joining in enthusiastically.

Question 12.
What should we do if any NRI asks us to teach him Telugu culture ?
Answer:
If any NRI asks you to suggest ways to teach Telugu culture, just ask him or her to introduce them to Maya Bazaar first. If they seek to know about their uncles, aunts and cousins back home, bring In their names, ‘Look, this is your Balarama”, A better of way of doing it would be to seeing ‘Lahirl, Lahiri, Lahirilo…………..

(E) Read the following passage.
The Indian film industry has completed a hundred years in the year 2013. It is a fitting tribute to the world of cinema to recollect our favourite films, producers, directors, actors, and music and art directors.

Telugu audiences are proud of many great producers, directors and artists. Savitri is one such prestigious artiste. Ever since she was eight, she evinced interest in learning dance. Later she associated herself with the theatre. She formed a theatre organization as well. She had little difficulty in entering the film field. When Savitri was twelve, she was offered a role in the film, Agnipareeksha, but was finally dropped as she looked too young for the role.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The name of the first film that Savitri got role in was
(A) Agnipareeksha
(B) Samsaram
(C) Chivaraku Migiledi
(D) Devadasu
Answer:
(A) Agnipareeksha

Question 9.
Savitri was dropped from the rolls because
(A) she was nervous on the sets.
(B) a better actor was available at That time.
(C) she did not look old enough to take up the role.
(D) she did not act well.
Answer:
(C) she did not look old enough to take up the role.

Question 10.
Savitri associated herself with
(A) films
(B) the theatre
(C) other artists
(D) music
Answer:
(B) the theatre

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Who is talked about in the passage ?
Answer:
Savitri, the famous heroine.

Question 12.
When was Savitri offered a role first ?
Answer:
At the age of twelve

(F) Read the following passage.

Savitri established her credentials with ‘Ardhangi'(1955) . She gave an exceptionally brilliant performance as a woman forced to marry a mentally retarded person (ANR). She nurses him back to health. She also teaches a lesson to her in-laws who conspire against her husband.

Savitri captured the audiences with her charm and magnificent acting. She was able to convey a wide range of feelings through her expressive eyes. Her mischievous look – it captivates anyone; the look of fake anger provokes, the look filled with real anger pierces the heart. The look of passion while waiting for her lover; the pain filled look when her love fails; the confident look that seems ready to face any situation, all these myriad emotions are hidden in her eyes .The dimensions are endless and pages can be filled to describe the magic spell of her eyes.

Savitri’s amazing talent was in full form in ‘Missamma’, a hit comedy that established Savitri’s place firmly as a star. Mary in the film comes into an agreement with a Hindu youth, Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao (NTR) to pretend as a couple in order to get a job in a school. Mary was a Christian to the core, whereas Rao was a tolerant Hindu. What results in is a three hour pure comedy for the audience!

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Savitri’s qualities that attracted the audiences the most are
(A) her look of passion.
(B) her charm and magnificent acting.
(C) her myriad expressions.
(D) her expressive eyes.
Answer:
(B) her charm and magnificent acting.

Question 9.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “to secretly plan with other people to do something illegal or harmful” ?
(A) pierce
(B) provoke
(C) captivate
(D) conspire
Answer:
(D) conspire

Question 10.
Savitri expresses’pain filled look’when
(A) waiting for her lover.
(B) it seems ready to face any situation.
(C) she shows realanger.
(D) her love fails.
Answer:
(D) her love fails.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
How can you say that myriad expressions are hidden in Savitri’s eyes ?
Answer:
Savitri was able to convey a wide range of feelings through her expressive eyes. She conveys mischievous look, the look of fake anger, the pain filled look, the look filled with real anger, the look of passion, the confident look, etc. on different occasions. Thus, one can say that myriad expressions are hidden in Savitri’s eyes.

Question 12.
Why do you think Mary (Savitri) in the film, ‘Missamma’ comes into an agreement with a Hindu youth (MT Rao) ?
Answer:
Mary comes into an agreement with a Hindu youth to pretend as a couple in order to get a job In a school.

(G) Read the following passage.

Savitri was adored for the matchless ease in expression. Meena Kumari,the heroine of Hindi films said, “when I watch Savitri’s acting, I usually get doubts about my own acting”. Her strikingly expressive eyes and her superb sense of timing made her one of the greatest actresses. Amitabh Bacchan felt, ‘Savitri was one of the first actresses with unbelievable spontaneity’.

Maya Bazaar is another film that brought fame to Savitri. She played the role of Sasirekha. Recollecting the 16-annas Telugu lass clad in parikini, in the song ‘allibilli ammayiki1… reminds us of the rich Telugu culture of yesteryears. In the final part of the film, Savitri plays the role of maya (not real) Sasirekha (Ghatotkacha indisguise). She walks in a masculine manner imitating the legendary SV Ranga Rao acting as Ghatotkacha in the film to perfection.

The theatre rocks with laughter when Lakshmana Kumara (Relangi) is teased by maya Sasirekha. She switches from the feminine to the masculine in the twinkling of an eye and needless to say, a female artiste displaying masculine demon qualities with a club in hand has no parallel.

Savitri gets totally involved in whatever role she plays. ‘Chivaraku Migiledi’ is one such film. She played the role of a nurse in a psychiatry ward. In a particular scene the nurse has a nervous breakdown and cries uncontrollably. The shot was over. “CUT”, the director said, but Savitri who played the role could not stop crying! Everyone in the set had to run to her and pacify her. The film became a milestone in her career!!

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What does Meena Kumari mean when she says, “When I watch Savitri’s acting, I usually get doubts about my own acting” ?
(A) Meena Kumari is doubtful about Savitri’s acting.
(B) Meena Kumari praises Savitri’s acting.
(C) Meena Kumari appreciates Savitri that her acting is better than that of her own acting.
(D) Meena Kumari feels that her own acting is very bad.
Answer:
(C) Meena Kumari appreciates Savitri that her acting is better than that of her own acting.

Question 9.
What do you understand by the expression, ” a female artiste displaying masculine demon qualities with a club in hand has no parallel” ?
(A) Savitri’s action as a male was tremendous.
(B) Saviri’s action as a female was tremendous.
(C) A female’s action as’a male was very well.
(D) A male’s action was very well as a female.
Answer:
(A) Savitri’s action as a male was tremendous.

Question 10.
The type of text you have just read is
(A) a narrative.
(B) a report.
(C) a skit.
(D) a description.
Answer:
(B) a report.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
How can you say that Savitri gets totally involved in whatever role she plays ?
Answer:
In the film Chivaraku Migiledi’, Savitri played the role of a nurse in a psychiatry ward. In a particular scene the nurse has a breakdown and cries uncontrollably. Though the shot was over, Savitn could not stop crying. This incident proves that Savitri gets totally involved in whatever role she plays.

Question 12.
What were the qualities that made Savitri one of the greatest actresses ?
Answer:
Savitri’s twikingly expressive eyes and her superb sense of timing made her one of the greatest actresses.

(H) Read the following passage.

The theatre rocks with laughter when Lakshmana Kumara (Relangi) is teased by maya Sasirekha. She switches from the feminine to the masculine in the twinkling of an eye and needless to say, a female artiste displaying masculine demon qualities with a club in hand has no parallel.

Savitri gets totally involved in whatever role she plays. ‘Chivaraku Migiledi’ is one such film. She played the role of a nurse in a psychiatry ward. In a particular scene the nurse has a nervous breakdown and cries uncontrollably. The shot was over. “CUT”, the director said, but Savitri who played the role could not stop crying! Everyone in the set had to run to her and pacify her. The film became a milestone in her career.
Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Savitri’s milestone in her career
(A) Ardhangi
(B) Chivaraku Migiledi
(C) Pathala Bhairavi
(D) Missamma
Answer:
(B) Chivaraku Migiledi

Question 9.
Who appears as the masculine demon in the film Maya Bazaar ?
(A) Ghatothkacha
(B) Savitri
(C) Ghatothkacha in the role of Sasirekha
(D) Savitri in the role of Sasirekha
Answer:
(C) Ghatothkacha in the role of Sasirekha

Question 10.
The word’psychiatry’means
(A) the art of acting
(B) the field of medicine that deals with diseases
(C) the field of medicine that deals with psychological illness
(D) the field of medicine that deals with heart problems
Answer:
(C) the field of medicine that deals with psychological illness

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Pick out the idiom that appeared in the passage.
Answer:
In the twinkling of an eye.

Question 12.
Who do you think has played as Maya Sasirekha ?
Answer:
Savitri has played as Maya Sasirekha (Ghatothkacha in disguise)

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar

(Q.13 – 17):

(A) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Roberge does not endorses the accusation of Ray’s detractors that the master director made his reputation selling India’s poverty to the West. (14) ‘What struck me most was not the material poverty depicted in the films, and the enormous spiritual poverty of some rich people is much more deplorable than material poverty/ he said. (15) Roberge does not spoke with the arrogance of the West. (16) ‘I was here on a quest to know the world and in the process know yourself. (17) I did not came to here to convert. In fact, I am the one who got converted/ he said.
Answer:
13. Roberge does not endorse the accusation of Ray’s detractors that the master-director made his reputation by selling India’s poverty to the West.
14. What struck me most was not the material poverty depicted in the films, but the enormous spiritual poverty of some rich people is much more deplorable than material poverty’ he said.
15. Roberge does not speak with the arrogance of the West.
16. ‘I was here on a quest to know the world and in the process know myself.’
17. ‘I did not come here to convert. In fact, I am the one who got converted; he said.

(B) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) But it took him nine years after reaching Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joining St Xavier’s College, to muster of the confidence to meet Ray in person. (14) “Although I wanted to meet him right away, I didn’t want just go and see him like he was a living museum piece. (15) I wanted to prepare myself, get to know his works more, so that when we met, there can be a worthwhile dialogue,” he said. (16) When they final met, it was the beginning of a close friendship that lasted 22 years- until Ray’s death in 1992. (17) It was a very quite friendship that developed over the years.
Answer:
13. muster up the confidence
14. I didn’t want to just
15. there could be a worthwhile dialogue
16. When they finally met
17. a very quiet friendship

(C) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) One important fallout this friendship is the establishment of Chitrabani. (14) It was a communication and film institute, the first of its kind in West Bengal, which Roberge founded 1970 and to which Ray, as a token of friendship, lent his name as co-founder.

(15) Ray was in the first body and after a few terms readily agreed to be the institute’s adviser. (16) Roberge arranged most of the initial funding Canadian agencies. “I had no reservations applying for them, for I feel richer countries in the West are indebted to countries like India,” he said.

(17) For 26 years Roberge was the director of Chitrabani and under him the institute not only important documentary features, but also became breeding ground for local talent for film-making.
Answer:
13. One important fallout of this friendship was the establishment of Chitrabani.
14. which Roberge founded in 1970.
15. Ray was in the first governing body and after a few terms readily agreed to be the institute’s adviser.
16. Roberge arranged most of the initial funding from Canadian Agencies.,
17. Under him the institute not only produce important documentary features, but also became a breed
ing ground for local talent for film-making.

(D) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) K. V. Reddy’s ‘Maya Bazaar’has voted as the ‘Greatest Indian Film’ in an online poll conducted by a television news channel. (14) The poll was conducted to find out India’s greatest film till date, the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema. (15) And people ‘Maya Bazaar’ over other Indian classics. The film is considered one of the enduring classics of Indian cinema and was christened as a landmark achievement in Indian film’s cinematography, art direction and VEX with the available technology during that time. (16) The is a review on the film when it celebrated the Golden Jubilee in 2007.

(17) Fifty years ago, director K.V. Reddy or for that matter, producers Nagireddy and Chakrapani, would not imagined what they were unleashing. It was when they decided to make Maya Bazaar- a bilingual in Telugu and Tamil.

Answer:
13. K.V.Reddy’s MAYA BAZAAR has been voted as the “Greatest Indian Film” in an online poll conducted by a television channel.
14. The poll was conducted to find out India’s greatest film till date – on the occasion of 100 years of Indian cinema.
15. And people chose Maya Bazaar over the other Indian classics.
16. The following is a review on the film when it celebrated the Golden Jubliee In 2007.
17. Fifty-years ago director K.V.Reddy or for that matter, producers Nagireddy and Chakrapani, would not imagined what they were unleashing.

(E) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Frame after frame impacts viewers to similarities. (14) The greatness of the director lies here-he successfully reduces all characters to ordinarily mortals displaying all the follies of human beings except Ghatothkacha and Krishna. (15) And then he injects in the Yadava household a Telugu atmosphere, full with its simile, imagery, adage, sarcasm and wit. (16) The result – a feast for the eyes or soul. That is Maya Bazaar for you. (17) Mind you, this is a story of Paandavas and Kauravas with the Yadavas pitch in.
Answer:
13. Viewers with similarities
14. to ordinary mortals
15. Injects into the Yadava household
16. eyes and soul
17. the Yadavas picthin in

(F) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered irom 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them ar.d rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) When Savitri was twelve, she was offered a role in the film, Agnipareeksha, but ‘ was finally dropped as she looked too young with the role. (14) She given a song sequence – Ranante rane ranu- in ‘Pathala Bhairavi’. (15) Savitri’s part in it was brief, but the effect of her performance was considerate. (16) Her expressions was beautiful. A lot of film makers recognized ‘a potential artiste’ in her. As 6 result, she was elevated to the role of a heroine by the noted director L V Prasad in the film ‘Samsaaram'(1950). (17) On the sets, she was nervous; she has to repeat many takes and this proved a setback for her.
Answer:
13. too young for the role
14. She was given
15. her performance was considerable
16. expressions were beautiful
17. she had to repeat.

(G) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Savitri establish her credentials with ‘Ardhangi’ (1955). (14) She gave an exceptionally brilliance performance as a woman forced to marry a mentally retarded person (ANR). She nurses him back to health. (15) She also teaches a lesson to her in-laws who conspire with her husband. (16) Savitri captured the audiences with her charmful and magnificent acting. (17) She was able convey a wide range of feelings through her expressive eyes.
Answer:
13. Savitri established
14. brilliant performance
15. conspire against her husband
16. with her charm and
17. She was able to convey

(H) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.
(13) Savitri gets totally involved in whatever role she played. (14) ‘Chivaraku Migiledi’ is such one film. She played the role of a nurse in a psychiatry ward. (15) In a particular scene the nurse has a nervous breakdown and cries uncontrolled. The shot was over. (16) ” CUT”,the director said, but Savitri played the role could not stop crying! (17) Everyone in the set had to run to her and pacifies her. The film became-a milestone in her career !!
Answer:
13. role she plays
14. is one such film
15. and cries uncontrollably
16. Savitri who played
17. and pacify her

(Q. 18 – 22):

(A) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

longstanding, being, of, with, compilation, that, been

It was en route to India in 1961, at a stopover in New York, that 26-year- old Fr. Gaston Roberge was acquainted with (18) the works of Satyajit Ray through the Apu Trilogy. He found the world of Apu so fascinating that (19) he saw all three films in one sitting; and there began his longstanding (20) love affair with the people of India and Bengali cinema and culture, which led to path-breaking work in those fields. In his latest book, Satyajit Ray, Essays : 1970-2005, a compilation (21) of his essays as the name suggests, being (22) published by Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, Roberge provides a scholarly, original analysis of Ray’s works.

(B) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

greatest, receiving, in spite of, and, had cemented, great, instead of

But this happened only after the friendship had cemented (18), for in the early days of their dialogue Ray’s shyness prevented him from talking about his own films. “He was even shy of receiving (19) compliments,” said Roberge. To Roberge, the greatest (20) mark of Ray’s appreciation for him was that he often addressed the French-speaking priest in Bengali, ” inspite of (21) my lack of elegance in that language, and the fact that Ray knew both English find (22) Bengali so well.”

(C) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

establishment, invented, governing, founded, reservations, funding, development

One important fallout of this friendship was the establishment (18) of Chitrabani, a communication and film institute, the first of its kind in West Bengal, which Roberge founded (19) in 1970 and to which Ray, as a token of friendship, lent his name as co-founder. Ray was in the first governing (20) body and after a few terms readily agreed to be the institute’s adviser. Roberge arranged most of the initial funding (21) from Canadian agencies. “I had no reservations (22) applying for them, nor I feel richer countries in the West are indebted to countries like India,” he said.

(D) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

for, thought, because, in, imagined, by, landmark

Fifty years ago, director K.V. Reddy or for that matter, producers Nagireddy and Chakrapani, would not have imagined (18) what they were unleashing when they decided to make Maya Bazaar- a bilingual in (19) Telugu and Tamil. The finished product hit the screen in 1957 to become a land mark (20) movie in the Telugu film industry. It became a hit not only for (21) the sterling performances of the star-ensemble that it had right from S.V. Ranga Rao, Savitri, NTR, ANR, and Gummadi, but also because (22) K.V. Reddy was in full control over every frame of it.

(E) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet. (June 2018)

watched, immediate, tribute, audience, became, dialogues, because

It is a tribute (18) to Telugu culture, language and customs of the land. The film was watched (19) repeatedly soon after its release because (20) people identified every character of the film with someone they knew in their immediate (21) vicinity and the audience (22) still do the same now.

(F) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

pride, learning, difficult, offered, difficulty, proud, learn, organization, was offered

Telugu audiences are proud (18) of many great producers, directors and artistes. Savitri is one such prestigious artiste. Ever since she was eight, she evinced interest in learning (19) dance. Later she associated herself with the theatre. She formed a theatre organisation (20) as well. She had little difficulty (21) in entering the film field.

When Savitri was twelve, she was offered (22) a role in the film, Agni pareeksha, but was finally dropped as she looked too young for the role.

(G) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

in, are, too, of, offered

Telugu audiences are (18) proud of (19) many great producers, directors and artistes. Savitri is one such prestigious artiste. Ever since she was eight, she evinced interest in (20) learning dance. Later she associated herself with the theatre. She formed a theatre organization as well. She had little difficulty in entering the film field. When Savitri was twelve, she was offered (21) a role in the film, Agnipareeksha, blit was finally dropped as she looked too (22) young for the role.

(H) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

an, amazing, as, full, to

Savitri’s amazing (18) talent was in full (19) form in ‘Missamma’, a hit comedy that established Savitri’s place firmly as a star Mary in the film comes into an (20) agreement with a Hindu youth, NandamuriTaraka Ramarao (NTR) to pretend as (21) a couple in order to (22) get a job in a school. Mary was a Christian to the core, whereas Rao was a tolerant Hindu. What results in is a three hour pure comedy for the audience!

(Q. 23 – 27) :

(A) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

It was a unique (23) friendship that developed between a French-Canadian priest and one of the world’s greatest film directors, and had a singular (24) impact on Bengali films both academic (25) and practically. It was en route to India in 1961, at a stopover in New York, that 26-year-old Fr. Gaston Roberge was acquaint (26) with the works of Satyajit Ray through the Apu Trilogy. He found the world of Apu so fascinated (27) that he saw all the three films in one sitting, and there began his long standing love affair with the people of India and Bengali cinema and culture.

Question 23.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
common

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with the correct one.
Answer:
obvious

Question 25.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.
Answer:
academically

Question 26.
Write the underlined verb with its correct form.
Answer:
acquainted

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
Answer:
fascinating

(B) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Philosophically too, Roberge feels, Ray took off (23) where Tagore signed out (24) . If one compares the last major prose piece by Tagore, “Shabhyatar Sankat” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning of the Second World War, which contains his immortal (25) dictum (26) that in spite of what was happening it would be a sin to lose faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray- Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha, and Agantuk- the analogy (27) becomes clear.

Question 23.
What does the underlined phrase mean ?
Answer:
to begin doing something

Question 24.
What does the underlined phrase mean ?
Answer:
leave ‘or’ stop

Question 25.
Write the word opposite in meaning to the underlined word.
Answer:
mortal

Question 26.
What is the meaning of the underlined word ?
Answer:
a statement that expresses something that people believe is true

Question 27.
What is the antonym of the underlined word ?
Answer:
dissimilarity

(C) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

One important fallout of this friendly (23) was the establishment of Chitrabani, a communication (24) and film institute, the first of its kind in West Bengal, which Roberge founded (25) in 1970 and to which Ray, as a token of friendship, lent his name as co-founder. Ray was in the first governing body and after a few terms readily (26) agreed to be the institute’s adviser. Roberge arranged most of the initial funding from Canadian agencies. “I had no reservations applying for them, for I feel richer countries in the West are indebtec to countries like India,” he said.

For 26 years Roberge was the director of Chitrabani and under him the institute not only produced important (27) documentary features, but also became breeding ground for local talent for film-making.

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the noun.
Answer:
friendship

Question 24.
What is verb form of the underlined word ?
Answer:
communicate

Question 25.
Write the synonym of this word.
Answer:
established

Question 26.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
adverb

Question 27.
Write the antonym of the word underlined.
Answer:
trivial

(D) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Fifty years ago, director K.V. Reddy or for that matter, producers Nagireddy and Chakrapani, would not have imagine (23) what they were unleashing (24) when they decided to make Maya Bazaar- a bilingual in Telugu and Tamil.

The finished produce (25) hit the screen in 1957 to become a landmark (26) movie in the Telugu film industry. It became a hit not only for the sterling (27) performances of the star-ensemble that it had right from S.V. Ranga Rao, Savitri, NTR, ANR, and Gummadi, but also because K.V. Reddy was in full control over every frame of it.

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.
Answer:
imagined

Question 24.
Write the meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
releasing

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with the right form of the verb.
Answer:
product

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
milestone

Question 27.
Write the meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
excellent; outstanding

(E) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

As for songs, Aha naa pelli anta still reverberates (23) in marriages and Vivaahabhojanambu is yet another must.

An entire repertoire (24) was added to the Telugu dictionary by the film. Take for example Talpam used for denote (25) a cot or a bed. Were Telugus using Gilpam as an antonym (26) of it till the movie’s advent (27) ?

Question 23.
Write the meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
to have a strong effect

Question 24.
Write the meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
all that a performer can do

Question 25.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.
Answer:
denoting

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
opposite

Question 27.
Write the word that is in opposite to the underlined word.
Answer:
departure

(F) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet. (March 2018)

Telugu audiences are pride (23) of many great producers, directors but (24) artistes. Savitri is one such prestigious artiste. Ever since she was eight, she evinced interest (25) in learning dance. Later she associated herself with the theatre. She formed a theatre organization as well. She had little difficulty (26) in entering the film field. When Savitri was twelve, she was offered a role in the film, Agnipareeksha, but was finally dropped as she looked to young for (27) the role.

Question 23.
Write the right form of the word.
Answer:
proud

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with the correct one.
Answer:
and

Question 25.
Write the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
showed/expressed/displayed

Question 26.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word.
Answer:
ease/calm/felicity

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
too

(G) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Savitri gets total (23) involved in whatever role she plays. Chivaraku Migiledi is one such film. She played the roll (24) of a nurse in a psychiatry ward. In a particular scene the nurse has a nervous break-down and cries uncontrollably (25). The shot was over. “CUT”, the director said, but Savitri who played the role could not stop crying (26)! Everyone in the set had to ran (27) to her and pacify her. The film became a milestone in her carrier !

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the word underlined.
Answer:
totally

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
role

Question 25.
Write the antonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
calmly

Question 26.
Write the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
lament / weeping

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
run

(H) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Savitri was awarded (23) the title Mahanatif{the Supreme artiste).She also received the Presidential award for her performance in ‘Chivaraku Migiledi’, the magnum opus (24) o’ Savitri. She was the recipient of ‘Kalaimamani’and ‘Nadigayar Tiiakam’from Tamil film industry. Savitri had nearly 300 films to her credit. Her career was nearly 30 year long. She was equally admired (25) by Telugu and Tamil film lovers. She also acted in a few Kannada and Hindi films. She had a lion’s share (26) of films when she was at the zenith (27) of her career. Her passion for films was so strong that she directed and produced a few films, in spite of certain adversities.

Savitri was a humane artiste. She was generous to the people who were in need. Once, she donated all the jewellery she was wearing to the Prime Minister’s fund. Her rise as a star was like a meteor. She left the world in 1981 leaving an envied and unsurpassed legacy, behind her.

Savitri is no more. But she is among us with her unforgettable roles. Her versatility lives on and on and on.

Question 23.
Name the voice of the sentence.
Answer:
passive voice

Question 24.
Write a single expression for this phrase underlined.
Answer:
the best

Question 25.
Write the synonym of the word underlined.
Answer:
praised; approved

Question 26.
What do you mean by this phrase, underlined here ?
Answer:
major part of

Question 27.
What is the antonym of the word understand ?
Answer:
nadir

Section – C : Creative Writing (Discourses)

(Q. 28):

(A) In the lesson”Rendezvous With Ray’, you read about Roberge who was the director of Chitrabani for 26 years. Imagine you are a person’ who wants to become an artiste and got a chance to converse with him. Write an imaginary conversation with him.

The conversation should include what are you, what do you, want to become, what are your trials till now etc.
Answer:
I : Sir, thank you very much, for establishing chitrabani
Roberge : Welcome to you
I : Sir, your chitrabani, is a breeding ground for emerging talents. It serves as a platform to show our talents. Could you please allow me to join ?
Roberge : In which field do you want to join.
I : I want to join the cine field.
Roberge : What do you want to become ?
1 : I want to become a singer.
Roberge : Do you sing a song for me ?
I : Thank you very much for your offering (I sing)
Roberge : Oh! Your voice is sweet. If you are trained you can join the field.
I : That’s why, I have come to meet you. Please help me.
Roberge : Why don’t ? If you follow me I will make you a good singer.
I : Thank you very much, sir.

(B) In the lesson “Rendezvous with Ray” Roberge took nine years to meet Ray in person after joining St. Xavier’s College. When they finally met, it was the beginning of a close friendship that lasted for 22 years – until Ray’s death in 1992.

Write an imaginary interview between Frontline reporter and Gaston Roberge using the above concept.

You may use the following ideas:

• Friendship of Roberge and Ray
• Regular activities of Roberge and Ray
• Areas Roberge and Ray worked together.
• Future plans. (March 2018)

Answer:
Frontline : Good morning sir!
Roberge : Good morning !
Frontline : I’m Harpai from Frontline. Could you please give me an interview ?
Roberge : With pleasure. Let’s start.
Frontline : Why did you come to India ?
Roberge : I came to India to teach at St. Xavier’s College in Koikata.
Frontline : How did you know about Bengal and Satyajit Ray ?
Roberge : I came to know about Bengal and Satyajit Ray through his films.
Frontline : After how many days have you met him?
Roberge : I wanted to have a meaningful conversation with him. So I took nine years to understand his works.
Frontline : How did your friendship grow ?
Roberge : We had been friends for 22 long years until Ray’s death in 1922. On every Sunday we used to meet at Ray’s residence.
Frontline : What were your regular activities ?
Roberge : He used to invite me for private screenings of his films and welcomed comments on them.
Frontlirie : How did you both work together?
Roberge : Whenever we met, there would be a meaningful dialogue between us. Ray was an unassuming man in reality.
Frontline : What’s your opinion about Ray ?
Roberge : Ray’s screenplay manuscripts were an art by themselves. He had mastery over all the branches of knowledge relating to cinemas. The western people have to learn a lot from him!
Frontline : Thanks for the very kind of you for having given a vivid narration.
Roberge : You’re welcome !

(C) You have read the lesson ‘Rendezvous with Ray’. In that lesson Gaston Roberge described his experience with Ray. Now write an imaginary conversation between Frontline reporter and Gaston Roberge with reference to the details of your lesson.
Answer:
Frontline : Good morning !
Roberge : Good morning !
Frontline : I am Mohari from Frontline. I want an interview with you.
Roberge : 0k. No problem. Let us start.
Frontline : Why did you come to India?
Roberge : I came to India to teach at St. Xavier’s college in Kolkata.
Frontllne : How did you know about Bengal and Satyajit Ray.
Roberge : 1 watched Apu Trilogy. Through the films, I came to know about Bengal and Satyajit Ray.
Frontline : How much time did you take to meet him ?
Roberge : I took nearly nine years to meet him personally.
Frontline : What made you take such a long time ?
Roberge : As I wanted to have a vivid conversation with him, I took such a long time to understand his works.
Frontline : How did Ray use to communicate with you ?
Roberge : In English. He knows English well.
Frontline : What do you say about the master director ?
Roberge : He is the innovator of Indian movies. He had mastery over all the branches of knowledge relating to cinema. The western people have to learn a lot from him.
Frontline : Thank you!
Roberge : Welcome!

(D) You have read about the review of the film ‘Maya Bazaar’. Write a review of the film ‘Suvarna Sundari’ starring A. Nageswara Rao, Anjali Devi, Girija, Relangi, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Gummadi Venkateswara Rao, Ramana. Reddy and Bala Krishna. The film was released in 1957.
Answer:
Suvama Sundari is a folk tale. The folk hero ftom the planet earth and an angel from a celestial land fall in love with each other. The story takes many turns before reaching the climax. The film was released in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi. It is a big hit in all the three languages. The picture was produced and released by Anjali Pictures.

Much of the credit for its success goes to the film’s haunting melodies scored by producer-music director P. Adinaravana Rao. Adinarayana Rao wrote a short story and engaged Sadasivabrahmam to expand it into a movie script. Apart from romance, treachery, sword fights, with curses and boons to his aid, the celluloid master storyteller came up with a script.

Wordsmith Malladi Rama Krishna Sastry wrote absorbing dialogues. The credit for the success of the film goes to the director Vedantam Raghavaiah for taking the audience along with him on an over 200 minute long journey. Excellent visuals from M.A. Rahman with camera man Kannappa and Sanjeevi as his associates, editors N.S. Prakasam, art director ValE, and fight master V.R Balararn and choreographer Vempati (Pedda) Satyam made their exceptional Contributions.

A.N.R as Jayanth came up with a new portrayal. Anjali Devi, in the title role, steals the show with her charming presence, graceful dances and her performance as an emotional wreck. Relangi (as Kailasam); Ramana Reddy (as Ullasam) and Bala Krishna (Chadastam) enacted the comic villains. Girija, Raja Sulochana, Gumrnadi, K.V.S. Sarma, Peketi Sivaram, A.L. Narayana all gave their decent performances.

Above all well crafted performances It was the songs that contributed to the film’s stupendous success. Adinarayana Rao was ably assisted by T.V. Raju and Satyam in composing music. Samudrala Senior and his son Ramanujacharya and Kosaraju wrote the lyrics.

Ghantasala, R Suseela, Jikki, Madhavapeddy rendered the songs beautifully and sweetly. Adinarayana Rao won the best music director award from All India Music Critics Association for his music scores. Released on May 19, 1957 Suvarna Sundarr celebrated 100 day run in 17 centres and ran for 25 weeks in five centres.

(E) In the lesson “A Tribute”, you’ve read about Savitri’s efforts in reaching the top position in the film field. You’ve also known that she was awarded the title “Mahanati” (the supreme artiste). Now think that you were a news reporter and got an opportunity to interview her. Now write an imaginary interview with Savitri.

The interview should include the details such as difficulties faced by Savitri in entering the cine field, her experiences with other artistes, and her feelings on her receiving the title Mahanati.
Answer:
Interview with Savitri :

News Reporter : Good morning madam, how are you ?
Savitri : Good morning, I am fine.
News Reporter : I am very glad to meet you on the occasion of receiving the title Mahanati. Congratulations, madam !
Savitri : Thank you.
News Reporter : How do you feel on this great occasion ?
Savitri : I am really happy for receiving the award. I am very proud of that.
News Reporter : What other honours have you received, madam ?
Savitrl : I received Presidential award, Kalaimamani and Nadigayar Tilakam.
News Reporter : How many films did you have to your credit, madam ?
Savitri : I have acted in about 300 films.
News Reporter : How many languages did you act in ?
Savitri : I acted in Telugu and Tamil languages. I also acted in a few Kannada and Hindi films as well.
News Reporter : How did you enter the film field, madam
Savitri : Ever since I was eight, I evinced interest in learning dance. I had little difficulty in entering the film field.
News Reporter : In which film did you act for the first time ?
Savitri : When I was 12, I was offered a role in the film Agnipareeksha but finally dropped.
News Reporter : But why ?
Savitri : I looked too young for the role.
News Reporter : Tell me about your experiences with other artists ?
Savitri : In most of the films I have acted with great artists like N.T.R., A.N.R., Anjali and Jamuna. All of them are friendly and cooperative.

(F) You have read the lesson ‘A Tribute’. It describes some important details of the life of Savitri. Imagine you are a news reporter and write an imaginary interview with Savitri basing on the details provided in the lesson.
Answer:
Reporter : Good morning! Madam
Savitri : Good morning! Sir!
Reporter : I am a reporter from The Hindu’. Could you give me an interview with you.
Savitri : With pleasure 0k. Let’s start.
Reporter : What is your debut film in Telugu ?
Savitri : Agnipareeksha was my debut film. I was offered a role in the film when I was 12. But I was dropped from the movie as I looked too young for the role.
Reporter : What role did you play in ‘Pathala Bhairavi’ ?
Savitri : I acted in a song sequence only. But it gave me a recognition as a potential artiste.
Reporter : Why were you given a role of less importance in the film ‘Samsaaram’ ?
Savitri : As it was in the beginning, I took many takes and was nervous, I was replaced with another actress.
Reporter : Can you tell us something about the character of ‘Parvathi’ in ‘Devadasu’ ?
Savitri : Yes, its one of the greatest roles I played. It was the role of A yound lady, who loved a young one but became a rich man’s wife. I was able to leave my mark in that evergreen Telugu classic.
Reporter : What do you say about ‘Missamma’ ?
Savitrl : ‘Missamma’ is a great movie. I played the role of a Christian girl who pretended as the wife of a Hindu, youth, N.T. Ramarao, to get a job.
Reporter : Which role do you feel great in your career ?
Savitri : I like the role of Sasirekha in ‘Maya Bazaar. It was a milestone in my career.
Reporter : Thank you for the interview.
Savitri : Welcome!

(Q. 29) :

(A) Gaston Roberge saw the three films of Ray – Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha and Agantuk. Imagine that you were Gaston Roberge and write a diary entry after seeing those three films.
Answer:
6th January, 1972, 10 p.m.

Dear Diary,

Philosophically I feel Ray took off where Tagore signed out. If one compares the last major prose piece by Tagore, Shabhyatar Sankat” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning of the Second World War, which contains his immortal dictum that in spite of what was happening It would be a sin to lose faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray- Ganashatru, Shakha Prashakha, and Agantuk- the analogy becomes clear.

In these three films Ray was at his most personal and when some critics saw the films as didactic and verbose, he felt deeply hurt. For in these last films, Satyajit was directly talking to us, conveying his personal message on society and civilization. If the impulse that motivated his earlier films was aesthetics, in the last three it was self-expression. And there we were denying him his right to speak. As the saying goes, no one is a prophet in one’s own country.

-Roberge

I feel very proud of having his invaluable friendship.

(B) In the lesson ‘Maya Bazaar’, you’ve come to know that the film ‘Maya Bazaar’ was chosen India’s greatest film till date, on the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema. The online poll was conducted by a television news channel.

Imagine that you were the Director of the news channel and prepare a notice – requesting the viewers to choose India’s greatest film.
Answer:
10th October, 2019,

Director,

E.T.V., Somajiguda, Hyderabad.

Our E.T.V. News channel Is very much pleased to inform that we are conducting a poll, in order to find
out the “greatest Indian Film. You all know that this 2007 is the Golden Jubilee year for the cine industry as it has completed 100 years. On this occassion we have decided to conduct this pole. You have viewed many good films In your pleasure. But we have to know which is the best one. So you are requested to send a message indicating the name of the film of your choice, to our channel, within 10 days.

Director.

Awaiting your choice.

(C) Last night you saw Missamma in which Savitri acted. You are a great fan of Savitri. Write a diary entry about the film and her acting.
Answer:
6th January, 2019,
10 pm,

Dear Diary,

What a hit comedy the film Missamma is ! In this film Savitri captured the audiences with her charm and magnificent acting. She was able to convey a wide range of feelings through her expressive eyes. Her mischievous look – It captivates anyone; the look of fake anger provokes, the look filled with real anger pierces the heart. The look of passion while waiting for her lover; the pain filled look when her love fails; the confident look that seems ready to face any situation, all these myriad emotions are hidden In her eyes. The dimensions are endless and pages can be filled to describe the magic spell of her eyes.

Savitri’s amazing talent was in full form in Missamma, a hit comedy that established Savitri’s place firmly as a star. Mary In the film comes into an agreement with a Hindu youth, M T Rao (NTR) to pretend as a couple in order to get a job in a school. Mary was a Christian to the core, whereas Rao was a tolerant Hindu. What results in is a three hour pure comedy for the audience !

I like this film very much and admire her mesmerising acting skills.

xxxxxxx

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf Telangana 7th Lesson Settlements – Migration Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 7th Lesson Questions and Answers – Settlements – Migration

Question 1.
What is a settlement?
Answer:
The way we organize ourselves and our living spaces in a place is called a settlement – that is, the geographic space where we live and work. In a settlement, we have different kinds of activities – educational, religious, commercial, etc.

Question 2.
How did human lifestyle change with settlements?
Answer:
Human lifestyles change with a settlement.
Rural Settlement: Much of India’s rural population lives ¡n nucleated villages, which most commonly have a settlement form described as a shapeless agglomerate. Such settlements, through unplanned, are divided by caste into distinct words and grow outward from a recognizable core area. The dominant and higher castes tend to live in the core area, while the lower artisan and service castes, as well as Muslim groups,

generally occupy more peripheral localities. When the centrally located castes increase in population, they either subdivide their existing, often initially large, residential surrounds. add second and even third stories on their Existing houses (a corrosion expedient in Punjab). leapfrog over lower-caste wards to a new area on the village periphery, or in rare cases where land is available, found a completely new village.

Lifestyle in Urban Settlement:
Lifestyle in urban settlements includes big buildings, restaurants, transportation, utilities, and great infrastructure, at the same time it also offers congestion, noise, traffic jams, air pollution, and urban diseases. But It is quite attractive. The cost of living is very high, which forced the cities residents to live in low-quality houses and slums. Everyone runs hard to fulfill their dreams in terms of great life. Likewise, the Tribal lifestyle is also different.
(Or)
Human lifestyles change according to their settlements. It is based on the area they exist.

Settlement	Human lifestyles
1. Rural area	Simple and normal lifestyles – living together.
2. Town area	Change in dress habits and way of life Is independent.
3. Cities	Costly, luxurious way of life for the rich and slum area life for very poor people.
4. Metro and Mega Cities	Along with luxurious life they face antisocial activities, crime rate Mega Cities problem, lack of amenities, etc.

Question 3.
How does the Census of India defIne various kinds of places? How does it organize them In order of size and other characteristics?
Answer:
The Census of India organizes settlements in India using certain criteria, The Census department defines various kinds of places i.e. settlements as follows.

Settlement-type	Criteria used
Megacities	Cities having more than 10 million people
Metropolitan Cities/Million Plus Cities	Cities having population between one million to 10 million
Cities/Class 1 cities	Urban areas having populations between 1 lakh to one million
Towns	All the urban areas having populations between 5000 to lakh
Revenue/Census village	A village with defined borders
Hamlets	A group of houses within the revenue village

The Census of India organises the above on the basis or in order of size, population, and a few other characteristics.

Examples:

Mega Cities	Greater Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata.
Metropolitan Cities	Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad
Class 1 Cities	Warangal, Nizamabad
Towns	Armur, Bellam Palli
Revenue villages	Anantaram, Kanriaigudem
Hamlets	Bandigumpu, Chandrampalem

Question 4.
What is an aerotropolis? How Is It structured?
Answer:
An aerotropolis s an urban plan in which the layout, infrastructure and economy is centered on an airport, existing as an airport city.
Structure: In an aerotropolis the airport functions as a city in its own right. Many facilities are provided right there.

(OR)

1. Aerotropolis is the settlement that is centered around large airport.
2. In an aerotropolis the port functions as a city in its own night.
3. Many facilities like hotels, shopping, entertainment, food business conferencing, etc. are provided night there.
4. People can fly in. conduct their business with their counterparts right there and fly out with all the comforts of a city. without traffic and other problems.
5. Some form of metropolises are emerging in these places in India; Bengaluru International Airport. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (Hyderabad). Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi).

Question 5.
Read the last para of page 100. “When families migrate ……………….. many of them become dropouts”, and comment on it.
When families migrate. children accompanying their parents do not have creche facilities. Grown-up children are not able to continue their studies at their parents’ new workplaces. Schools in their native place refuse to take them again when they come back. They finally become dropouts, When males leave their families, it is also a major challenge for women who have to take care of all the responsibilities of the family and elderly people who need care. Young girls in such families are required to take care of siblings and many of them become dropouts.
Answer:
Generally landless – agricultural labourers who are living an rural areas are migrating for their livelihood In particular seasons. Because there is no work in their village. Whenever these families are migrating they are taking away their children along with them, to do work in that place and no one Is left in the house to take care about thew children and send to schools. Not only that in Indian villages but there are no creche facilities also The young girls are going along with parents to take care of the siblings.

In migration place, the schools are not allowing to these children in the middle of the year without T.C. but some months Later they come back to their native place, that school also does not allow them because of their absence for a long period of time. Even though Govt. established government B.C., S.C., and S.T. Hostels, these people are not joining their children them m the hostels due to their economic position and they take their children to the work along with them, So, the children of migrant families become dropouts.

Question 6.
Compare and contrast the migration front rural to urban areas and rural to rural areas.
Answer:

Migration from Rural to urban Area	Migration from Rural to Rural Area
1. People migrate due to insufficient employment.	1. People migrate seasonally when there is a lot of work.
2. Hope for higher incomes, better services, more opportunities for family members.	2. Mostly tribal and low caste people migrate.
3. Work as labourers and in un organised sectors.	3. They are not skilled.
4. Work In industries and service activities.	4. They work for meager wages.
5. Greater freedom and less discrimination based on caste and gender.	5. They find employment in sugarcane agricultural activities.
6. They send remittances to their rural families.	6. No remittances.
7. They mostly live in slum areas.	7. They live in poor conditions of living.
8. They prefer permanently urban migration.	8. They go home after their work.
9. Good standard of living.	9. Poor standard of living.

Question 7.
Do you think migrants are trouble makers trouble shooters In their destinations? Justify your answer.
Answer:
According to my opinion migrants are not troublemakers or troubleshooters due to the
following reasons.

1. Migrants need some work to earn money for their livelihood.
2. They adjust quickly to their working or surrounding areas.
3. They are not willing to take part in any matters like bandhs, stakes, rallys, etc.
4. They seldom lodge any complaint against their employers for the fear of losing their jobs.
5. Mostly, as migrants are new to migrated places, areas, they move tenderly and develop relations with their neighbors.

Question 8.
How does rural-to-urban migration increase the purchasing power of people In rural areas?
Answer:

1. Urban migrants have plenty of opportunities for education and acquire new skills arid take us new jobs effectively
2. Thus they earn more incomes.
3. Remittances are an important means of supplementing or generating additional income for the rural families.
4. Migration allows households lo meet debt and other obligations without having to sell assets.
5. Migrant families buy houses, land, gold, agricultural machinery, and consumer durables.
6. Majority of migrants either remit or bring back savings.
7. Thus their purchasing power increases.

Question 9.
Why are only professionals able to go to developed countries? Why cannot unskilled workers migrate to these countries?
Answer:

1. Generally, the developed countries have limited population.
2. Voluntary unemployment prevails in developed countries.
3. So, they open doors to the professionals of other countries and offer more and more salaries.
4. As they do not find adequate career prospects in their countries, professionals go to developed countries.
5. Developed countries depend a lot on industries and service sector.
6. They require people with technical skills and professionals.
7. So, the unskilled workers cannot serve the purpose.
8. Thus, there is no scope for unskilled workers to migrate to developed countries.
9. Professionals are able to go to developed countries.
10. Unskilled workers cannot migrate to these countries.

Question 10.
Describe the similarities and differences between the Impacts of Internal and international migration.
Answer:
Internal migration: The migration of people from rural to town or another district or other state In a country is called internal migration.
International Migration: The migration of people from one country to another country is called international migration.

Similarities:

1. People move away from their native place of birth.
2. The main reason for migration will be better employment opportunities.

Differences

Internal Migrants	International Migrants
1) They need not avail a passport or visa.	1) They need to avail a passport, and visa, work permit.
2) They can work anywhere the country.	2) They should work at prescribed premises.
3) No restrictions to the migrants in leading his lifestyle and he can change his work.	3) Changing of work In the prescribed period won’t be changed unless and until the authority decides.
4) Leaves will be availed.	4) Leaves will be decided by the company alone.
5) Freedom of migration.	5) No freedom of migration.

Question 11.
Locate the following In the map of India.
i) Chennai
ii) Bengaluru
iii) Delhi
iv) Hyderabad
v) Kolkata
Answer:

Project

Collect information either from emigrants or Immigrants.

After Collecting the information from the families, analyze the situation and find out solutions.
Answer:

• The emigrants to some nations are suffering and leading their life in sensitive conditions.
• The emigrants should observe the political conditions and moral values of the nations
• they are opting It is better to come back from the nations like Australia.

Debate
Is urbanization a symbol of development or does it lead to problems? Conduct a
debate on it.
Answer:
Student A:
After the industrial revolution, urban population all over the world is increasing. There is a rapid migration of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living. As a result, the population in the towns and cities is increasing and rural population is dwindling. The rapid in rush of people to the urban areas is pressuring its limited space and causes all types of health and environmental hazards.

Student B:
Advantages of Urbanization:
Growth in ¡ndust rial productions: The production in various industrial sectors like cement, iron and steel, textile, fertilizers, etc. is helping in the economic growth of the country. Exports increase and thus forest reserve increases.

Growth in trade and commerce: Urbanization helps the nation’s business sector. Rural people come to the urban places with their goods.

Development in tourism industries: People from foreign countries are attracted to good cities and towns having better transport facilities. Tourism is a good source of foreign currency for a country.

Improvement in Science. Culture. etc.: Urban places are the meeting point of all good cultures of various localities. Education, science, and technological developments take place in urban places improving the society as a whole.

Student C:
Disadvantages of Urbanization:
The rapid inflows of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places.

The decrease in rural population effects the agricultural production due to shortage of workers in rural areas.

The increase in population in urban places pressurizes water and sanitation facilities. It results in environmental pollution, health hazards, etc.

The unemployment increases in urban areas. Due to this various criminal activities, corruption, etc. increase affecting the law and order system.

TS 10th Class Social 7th Lesson Settlements – Migration Intext Questions

Page No.89

1. Field Work
Look at your own city, town, or village. Draw a sketch map of a selected area using the methods you had learnt earlier. Your map should show the following:
Roads; Houses; Shops and markets; Streams and drains; some Public places like hospitals, schools, bus stands, railway stations, etc;
1) Are the public places located at points that would be convenient to most people?
2) Do you find any patterns In the location of markets?
3) Are the houses in clusters? Are they linked to the main road?
Talk to people in the selected area and find out the changes in the settlement during the past twenty years and the reasons for this.
What amenities should have been provided for, but have not been done?
Answer:

1. Yes, the public places are located at points that would be convenient to most people.
2. Yes, markets are located near residential areas.
3. The houses are in clusters. They are linked to the main road.

A talk to the people: Several changes are occurred during the past 20 years. Shopping complexes, apartments, duplex houses are constructed. Cement roads are constructed. Their area is developed as a small town with all facilities.

The government should have been provided the following amenities but not provided:

• A park
• A hospital

Question 2.
Compare and contrast: Using the information above, compare and contrast nomadic and sedentary lite styles. How many points could you can identify?
Answer:

Nomadic lifestyle	Sedentary lifestyle
1) The nomads move around and therefore do not create any artwork of great dimensions, if any.	1) Sedentary having settled down build houses, temples, places, etc. and have the opportunity to create art of all kinds.
2) It is a very hard life and leaves them little time for leisure.	2) They have more free time and can dedicate themselves to science and technology.
3) They have a love for words and their language is rich and refined. They are born pots and storytellers though many of them do not have a written language.	3) They developed a writing system. which I was needed for levying taxes, recording property, trade and administration of the country in general.
4) Nomadic people are purity related to the nature.	4) People produce food by doing agriculture.
5) They lived in band as hunter-gatherers	5) They are Irving tar to the nature.
6) They do not practise agriculture.	6) They live independently in different settlements like village towns, cities, etc.

Page No. 92

Question 3.
Observe the following table.

Population of Visakhapatnam
Year	Population	% Change
1901	40892
1911	43,414	+6.2%
1921	44.711	+3.0%
1931	57,303	+28.2%
1941	70,243	+22.6%
1951	1.08,042	+53.8%
1961	2,11.190	+95.5%
1971	3,63,467	+72.1%
1981	6,03,630	+66.1%
1991	7,52,031	+24.6%
2001	13,45,938	+78.97%
2011	20,35,690	+512%

Question 1.
In the population data given in the table, are the percentages reported for every decade? If not, which decades data is not reported here?
Answer:
Yes, the numbers reported for every decade except 1901.

Question 2.
From which decade to which decade has the population increase been the highest (in percentage)?
Answer:
1951-1961.

Question 3.
From which decade to which decade has the population increase been the lowest (in percentage)?
Answer:
1911-1921.

Question 4.
Plot the absolute population of Visakhapatnam on a line graph covering 1901-2011. What observations can you make about the changes In the absolute population size?
Answer:

Observations:

1. The population growth was stable till 1951.
2. The population growth rate was above 50% after independence.
3. The decade of 951 to 1961 experienced the highest growth.
4. The absolute population has crossed 10 lakhs between 1991 to 2001.
5. 11 took 9 decades to cross 10 lakhs whereas it took only one decade to cross 20 lakhs.

Page No. 92 & 93.

Question 4.
Indian settlements in hierarchy.
Answer:
The Census of India organizes settlements in India using certain acetone. In the table-3 the Census department’s definitions of various settlement types are given. Read them carefully and complete the exercise.

A pyramid is given on Text page 93. The bottom-inmost part of the pyramid shows the lowest level of the settlement hierarchy according to the Indian census. The top-most shows the highest level. Fill in the details that are left blank:

1. The name given to the particular level of settlement (Two examples are shown).
2. Give one example of a settlement from Telangana. (other than In Mega Cities. Why?)
   Indian settlements In hierarchy

3) Try to pose. the town where you live (If you live in a village, show the nearest town) at the correct level, give I or 2 reasons for your choice.

4) Do you think settlements should be classified only on the basis of population? Can you think of any other way? Discuss with your teacher and identify the criteria for such classification.
Answer:
1)

2) Indian settlements in hierarchy

Reason: Telangana has no megacity.

3) I live In Bhadrachalam
Reasons for my choice:
My forefathers opted this town as it is pious. We have business in this town. So I made my choice here.

4) Settlement can be classified on the basis of population. It can also be classified on the facilities and historical issues.

Page No. 95

Question 5.
What is at the center of an aerotropolis?
Answer:
The centre of an aerotropolis is a new kind ut settlement with all infrastructural facilities called large airports.
(OR)

1. Airport acts as centre of an aerotropoks.
2. 2) Aerotropof Is defined as settlements that are centred around large airports.
3. 3) This is new pattern of settlements being observed recently in megacities of India like Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and metropolitan cities like Hyderabad.
4. 4) This concept has already been observed in other countries like London, Cairo, Bangkok, UAE, etc.

Question 6.
Name any two facilities located at or near the centre of an aerotropolis.
Answer:
Shopping complexes, hotels.

Question 7.
On an outline map of the world, locate and label the cities given here in the examples. Name the country and the airport also on the map. Remember to use different types of text to Identify the names of the country and the names of the cities and airports, so that it will be easier to see which words are names of countries and which are for cities and their airports.
Answer:

• Kenegouth International Airport (Bengaluru, India)
• Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi, India)
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (Hyderabad, India)
• Suvarnabhumi International Airport (Bangkok, Thailand)
• Duba’ International Airport (Dubai, UAE)
• Cairo International Airport (Cairo. Egypt)
•  London Heathrow Airport (London, England)

Question 8.
Suppose that the place you have studied about In this chapter gets an aerotropolis near it. Mention 3 ways In which the site features of your place may change. Similarly, mention 3 ways In which the situation features of your place may change.
Answer:

1. Suppose that place we have studied about in this chapter gets an aeroiropolis near It.
2. The security facilities for the region are beefed up.
3. Much of the underground waters are drawn to facilitate those Constructions.
4. Many lakes underlying might be covered with soil to facilitate the required land.
5. Aerotropolis Is Within 15 minutes walking distance from the Unver5ity gate.
6. It is 20 km away from the central bus station.
7. It has all-weather connecting roads to all colonies of the city.

Page No. 96

Question 9.
Here is a list of a few people. Categorise them as migrant or non-migrant. Indicate the pattern and guess the probable reasons for migration.

Answer:

Question 10.
Do you agree with Most of the children are dropouts In migrant families? Explain with examples related to your area.
Answer:

1. Yes, I do agree with this statement. When tarnishes migrant, children accompanying their parents do not have creche facilities.
2. Grown-up children are not able to continue their studies at new places.
3. Schools, in their native place refuse to take them again when they come back.
4. Young is in such families are required to take care of siblings. Hence most children of migrant families become drop-outs.

Examples:
A boy named Sohan from my village Anantaram migrated with his family who work as construction labour. Actually, in my village the boy is studying 7th class, They left village without taking T.C. and went to the city. After six months the boy returned to my village. All together six months he did not oin in the school where they had migrated and lost the valuable time.

In the month of July, the boy left the school and returned in the month of December. Here the school authorities rejected him to join in the class and they did not allow him. And they gave suggestions, next year they would allow him in the same class. I felt very bad by seeing the pathetic condition of the boy.

Page No. 98

Question 11.
When do people move out el rural areas, which sector of the economy In the rural area loses the most number of people? Why?
Answer:
When people move out of rural areas the primary sector or the agricultural sector of the economy In the rural area loses the most number of people.
Reason: Most of the people m rural areas are depending on agriculture. The two other sectors are almost nominal in rural areas.

Question 12.
In urban areas, what are the common sector(s) of the economy In which migrants from the rural areas find employment? What are the reasons for this?
Answer:

1. Most urban migrants have to work as labourers and find employment in the unorganised sector.
2. They could be working as hawkers, painters, repair persons, and rickshaw pullers. auto drivers, construction labours, etc.
3. For some people from rural areas moving to cities and towns to work in industry and other service activities.

Reasons:

1. The unorganized sector, the industrial and service sectors need unskilled labour.
2. These sector activities have been recognised as a natural response to increase their income and for better family prospects.

Question 13.
Interview a person who has come to a town to work In the unorganized sector as a labourer or domestic servant and write her story
Answer:
Smt. Bura Saroini has come to Hyderabad to work as a housemaid in an officer’s house. She was born in Bhupalpaliy in Bhupalpafly Mandal, Warangal District. She studied there up to 8Th class. Later she got married with Rangaji of Basara, Addabad District. After 25 years of her married lite, he passed away. She got married her two children Then she got an offer to work in Hyderabad. She is happy with her work and earnings. She sent her remittances to her brother to save. She has cleared her loans with her early earnings. She visits her town once in six months.

Question 14.
If you live in a rural area, interview a person who has corn. on a vacation from working in a town In the unorganized sector, write his story.
Answer:
Choragudi Padmanabham, 20-year-old boy, is working as a mason In BhlIai In Madhya Pradesh. He came to our village Polkampally, Addakal Mandai, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana. He came to his Granny’s house to vacation. His father took many loans for his sister’s marriage and his mother’s health Padmanabhan has to repay the loans. So he went to Bhilai for construction works.

The employers offer than Rs. 300/- per day with free accommodation and meals facilities. They took health insurance also to him. So he is enjoying his work and his earnings. He sent his remittances to his lather. But, he feels sorry for missing his family.

Question 15.
Compare and contrast these two situations.
Answer:
Comparing and contrasting:
Smf. B. Sarojini and Ch. Padmanabham both are working in other places as migrants. Both are working in other places as migrants. Both are working in unorganized sector. Both are working for their livelihood and for repaying their loans.

Smt. B. Sarojini	Ch. Padmanham
1) She migrated in the same state.	1) He migrated to other states.
2) She is enjoying limited benefits.	2) He is enjoying many benefits.
3) She is a widow and alone in her newly life.	3) He is an unmarried guy.

Page No.99

Question 16.
Draw arrow lines on the World Map depicting people from India going to different countries mentioned In the above passages.

1. USA,
2. Canada,
3. United Kingdom,
4. Australia,
5. Germany,
6. Norway
7. Japan
8. Malaysia
9. Saudi Arabia
10. UAE

Page No. 100

Question 17.
What can be done so that migrants are able to get access to food, health, and family care programmes?
Answer:

1. Our central government introduced and passed the food security bill in 2014. If this is implemented properly, they are able to get good food.
2. The migrants and their families should get the insurance coverages for their health.
3. Their children should be provided with special educational plans to study throughout year continuously without any break.
4. The migrants should be provided with clean houses and water facilities at their destinations.

Question 18.
There are some initiatives taken by government and voluntary agencies. Find out if there is any such initiative in your area. Invite some persons from such agencies to talk in the school.
Answer:
1. The government and the voluntary organisation called ‘AMMA’ took up some initiative programmes like

• Mid-day-meals
• Akshara Sankranthi
• Free books to all students
• Dresses to poor people
• Scholarships to the merit students

2. The central government has implemented new schemes like

• Food for all
• 100 days work
• Right to Education
• SSAS – Santa Siksha Abhayan Scheme.

3. The voluntary agencies like Mother Teresa’s organization, etc. help the poor and needy people by providing them food, education, and cloth.

Page No.101

Question 19.
National boundaries are protected against migrants. Here are examples of
a) USA on Mexican border
b) South Korea on North Korean border
C) India on Bangladesh border.
What do you think of migrants across the border?

Answer:
In the above figures the national boundaries of Mexico – the USA. South Korea- North Korea and India – Bangladesh are shown, It Is corridor to arrange a fence between two countries along the border. The soldiers belonging to both the countries always safeguard the borders. But, due to many reasons different people try to cross the borders and enter the neighbouring countries. Sorne among them are terrorists who resort to violence and destruction in their enemy countries. They are induced and inspired by respective countries.
They are called state-sponsored terrorists.

In terms of employment and infrastructure, America is more attractive than Mexico. That is the reason why some people enter that country in illegal ways. Both South Korean and North Korean governments have different doctrines. One is communist whereas the other is capitalist. Those who differ with other countries’ doctrines try to cross the borders and go from one country to other for the sake of spying.

In Bangladesh. the rule has been dictatorial and the life of people there has been pathetic for ages. So some people of that country cross the border and enter the democratic country India. The states such as Paschim Banga and Assom are facing a grave problem with these people. It’s a crime to cross the borders in an illegal way. And these people become a problem to the country they enter.

These TS 10th Class English Important Questions 3rd lesson Human Relations will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class English Important Questions 3rd lesson Human Relations

Section – A : Reading Comprehension

(Q.1 – 7)

(A) Read the following passage.

After spending a leisurely Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on Monday is tiring. Lethargy creeps in, if the holiday continues over , an extended period. That is how I felt when I was preparing to return to my place of work after spending six months at home. The fact that I was to leave behind my newly-wed wife and go to a far-off place did not help either. Obviously I did not want to go.

However, I finally did decide to go. I did not have much to carry by way of luggage- just a trunk. Ours is a hilly terrain, without any motorable roads -and there is no certainty that we are ever going to have any roads. In any case, while coming home we do not carry bedding. Besides, I had come home this time round for a special purpose: to get married.

My parents had arranged my marriage, according to the customs of our tribal society. Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realized it. Initially I thought of extending my leave – even taking unpaid leave. But after some dillydallying, I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.

On my way home from the bus stop, my trunk had been carried by a porter. The problem now was we couldn’t find anyone who could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. At another time of the year, we would have easily found someone to spare for me. In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry for me except that my education had made me shun physical labour.

After all, I was a government officer and the idea of people seeing me carry my own luggage was not at all amusing. Otherwise, for a young man like me it should not have been an issue to carry a 20-kilo chest on my back.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
For the narrator, why is the thought of returning to work tiring after a holiday?
(A) We lose energy.
(B) We get used to taking rest.
(C) Lack of interest in work makes us so.
(D) The work is laborious.
Answer:
(B) We get used to taking rest.

Question 2.
Why did the narrator use the sentence ‘obviously I did not want to go ?’
(A) He lost interest in the job.
(B) He did not want to leave his wife alone.
(C) He was rich enough to live even without job.
(D) He was completely in debts in his place of work.
Answer:
(B) He did not want to leave his wife alone.

Question 3.
The narrator needs another person to carry the trunk
(A) as people would laugh at him if he carried the trunk.
(B) as his education did not encourage physical labour.
(C) as his father would not allow him to carry his luggage.
(D) as he was not able to carry the trunk.
Answer:
(B) as his education did not encourage physical labour.

Question 4.
What kind of text is this passage?
(A) Essay
(B) Narrative
(C) Drama
(D) Conversation
Answer:
(B) Narrative

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What made the narrator not want to join his duties after the holiday ?
Answer:
One reason is lethargy. It happens in almost all the persons. Another reason is he has to leave his newly-married wife behind and go to the place of work alone.

Question 6.
Why did the narrator finally decided to go ?
Answer:
Though he did not want to go to Join his duties, he finally decided to go because marriage had in creased his resonsibilities and he had got Into debts.

Question 7.
Who might have carried the luggage ? why ?
Answer:
The writer’s father carried the luggage for his son. The father did not want him to carry the trunk.

(B) Read the following passage.

However, I finally did decide to go. I did not have much to carry by way of luggage – just a trunk. Ours is a hilly terrain, without any motorable roads – and there is no certainty that we are ever going to have any roads. In any case, while coming home we donot carry bedding. Besides, I had come home this time round for a special purpose; to get married. My parents had arranged my marriage, according to the customs of our tribal society. Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realized it. Initially I thought of extending my leave – even taking unpaid leave. But after some dilly-dallying, I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Who is the narrator of this passage?
(A) Abdul Kalam
(B) Nick
(C) Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi
(D) Mr.Narayana Murthy
Answer:
(C) Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi

Question 2.
Where is the narrator now ?
(A) at his home
(B) at his office
(C) in the fields
(D) at the bus stop
Answer:
(A) at his home

Question 3.
What is meant by’dilly-dallying’?
(A) sleeping for a long time
(B) working for a long time in the fields
(C) taking a long time to make a decision
(D) playing a game for a long time
Answer:
(C) taking a long time to make a decision

Question 4.
‘Special purpose’ in the above passage refers to
(A) getting marriage
(B) taking rest
(C) earning money
(D) attending a marriage function
Answer:
(A) getting marriage

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
The narrator preferred less luggage while coming home. Why ?
Answer:
The narrator preferred less luggage, because his village was in a hilly area. There was no transport to his native village. There were no motorable roads.

Question 6.
What was the decision taken by the narrator finally ?
Answer:
The narrator finally decided to go to his work place or his office.

Question 7.
Why did the narrator get into debt ?
Answer:
Because he had to spend money on his marriage and for bearing his responsibilities.

(C) Read the following passage.

On my way home from the bus stop, my trunk had been carried by a porter. The problem now was we couldn’t find anyone who could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. At another time of the year, we would have easily found someone to help me, but now most of the villagers were busy in the fields. Nobody had time to spare for me. In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry for me except that my education had made me shun physical labour. After all, I was a government officer and the idea of people seeing me carry my own luggage was not at all amusing. Otherwise, – for a young man like me it should not have been an issue to carry a 20- kilo chest on my back.

Finally, my father came up with a solution. ‘Don’t worry. I myself will see you off a,
Dirang: I protested. How could I allow my old father to carry my trunk? What would people think? What would they say? But I failed to dissuade him. It was decided that father would carry the chest.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
While going to the bus stop, the narrator could not get a person to carry his trunk to the bus-stop because
(A) he would not pay the porter well
(B) most of the villagers were busy in the fields
(C) his father would help him
(D) There were no porters in the village
Answer:
(B) most of the villagers were busy in the fields

Question 2.
The aspect/factor which made the narrator shun physical labour was his( )
(A) ego
(B) status
(C) wealth
(D) education
Answer:
(D) education

Question 3.
The word dissuade means
(A) try to convince some one to do
(B) persuade
(C) persuade not to do
(D) request not to interfere.
Answer:
(C) persuade not to do

Question 4.
After all, I was a government officer Name the part of speech of the word government.
(A) Noun
(B) Adjective
(C) Adverb
(D) Conjunction
Answer:
(A) Noun

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why was the author reluctant to carry his own luggage ?
Answer:
The author was reluctant to carry his own trunk because he was a government officer, and the idea of people seeing him carry his own luggage was not at all amusing. Moreover, his education had made him avoid physical labour.

Question 6.
Why was the authour unable to get a porter ?
Answer:
During other seasons, the author would have easily got someone to help him. But it was the season of agricultural activities. So, most of the villagers were busy in the fields. Nobody had time to spare for him. Hence he couldn’t get a porter.

Question 7.
Finally, how was the problem of carrying the trunk solved ?
Answer:
Finally the author’s father came up with a solution. He asked his son not to worry about his luggage. He decided to carry the trunk himself and see his son off at Dirang bus station.

(D) Read the following passage.

Finally, my father came up with a solution. ‘Don’t worry. I my self will see you off at Dirang.

‘I protested. How could I allow my old father to carry my trunk ? What would people think ? What would they say ? But I failed to dissuade him. It was decided that father would carry the chest.

A large crowd gathered at our place the day I was to leave. People had come to wish me luck. It was 10.20 when left for Dirang. My father had already left. As I had to do a bit of catching up, I walked fast. Three kilometers down the road, I caught up with my father. Father said, ‘You are late. Would you like to rest for sometime ?”

Having walked fast I was tired. Moreover, I had to cross two hills on the way up to the spot, I quickly sat down on a rock. My father laughed at my plight
‘So this little distance has tired you ? Rest for a while. But we have to be in time for the bus.’

Father was quiet for some time. He thoughtfully looked at the sun for a moment, and then his eyes fell on the can of home-made wine that I was carrying. Wetting his lips with his tongue he said in a matter-of-fact manner, ‘I am thirsty’. I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it at one go.

He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully on his forehead. So, this was the picture : my father carrying my luggage on his back and me following him with a tiny bag in my hand. We were walking up a narrow hilly road, and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers who spoke different languages. I did not know what was going on in his mind.

From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to left father carry the luggage. I wanted to tell him that I would like to carry the trunk my self, but my guilt and shame did not allow me to do so. This self-consciousness had probably to do with my education, the white-collar job that I had, or quite simply my pride, Somehow, I had the feeling that if I carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The narrator had to walk fast because
(A) inorder to catch the bus.
(B) as it was the time for the bus to leave.
(C) inorder to catch up with his father.
(D) in order to meet the large crowd of people.
Answer:
(C) inorder to catch up with his father.

Question 2.
Which of the following phrases given in the passage means, “to say good-bye”?
(A) see off
(B) catch up with
(C) leave for
(D) come up with
Answer:
(A) see off

Question 3.
The type of text you have just read is
(A) a detailed report
(B) a picturesque description
(C) a narrative.
(D) an autobiographical account
Answer:
(C) a narrative.

Question 4.
The narrator thought that he would be belittled when
(A) he made his father carry his luggage.
(B) he carried the luggage himself.
(C) the whole world saw his father carrying his luggage.
(D) the other person carried his luggage
Answer:
(B) he carried the luggage himself.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why do you think the narrator was tired ?
Answer:
The narrator had to walk fast to catch up with his father who started earlier. Having walked fast he was tired. Moreover he had to cross two hills on the way up to the spot.

Question 6.
What does the narrator’s father mean by saying, “I am thirsty” ?
Answer:
When the narrator and his father sat for rest, his father’s eyes fell on the can of home-made wine that the narrator was carrying. Wetting his lips with his tongue, his father said that he was thirsty. Here the lather’s words, 1 am thirsty,” means he wants to drink the wine.

Question 7.
What were the thoughts lingering in the narrator’s mind while he was walking along with his father ?
Answer:
From time to time it crossed the narrator’s mind that it was improper for him to let his old father carry the luggage. He wanted to tell his father that he would like to carry the trunk himself, but his guilt and shame didn’t allow him to do so. He had the feeling that if he carried the luggage, his father and his people, in fact the whole world would laugh at him arid he would be belittled.

(E) Read the following passage.

Having walked fast I was tired. Moreover, I had to cross two hills on the way up to the spot. I quickly sat down on a rock. My father laughed at my plight.
‘So this little distance has tired you? Rest for a while. But we have to be in time for the bus.’

Father was quiet for some time. He thoughtfully looked at the sun for a moment, and then his eyes fell on the can of home-made wine that I was carrying. Wetting his lips with his tongue he said in a matter-of-fact manner, ‘I am thirsty’.I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it at one go. He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully onhis forehead. So, this was the picture : my father carrying my luggage on his back and me following him with a tiny bag in my hand.

We were walking up a narrow hilly road, and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers who spoke different languages. I did not know what was going on in his mind. From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to let father carry the luggage. I wanted to tell him that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but my guilt and shame did not allow me to do so. This self-consciousness had probably to do with my education, the white-collar job that I had, or quite simply my pride. Somehow, I had the feeling that if I had the feeling that if I carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled.

Father had provided for my education, and I had been able to realize his dreams. My parents were truly proud of me. It was through me that they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villagers. My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurt if I did so. I concluded that it would be better to let him carry it. Father was used to carrying luggage anyway. He was stronger and more skilled than me in these matters. I had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from my childhood.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
“My father laughed at my plight.” – What do you think was the narrator’s plight ?
(A) The narrator couldn’t reach his father.
(B) The narrator had to run all the way to reach his father.
(C) The narrator had to drink palm-wine.
(D) The narrator was tired after crossing two hills on the way up to the spot.
Answer:
(D) The narrator was tired after crossing two hills on the way up to the spot.

Question 2.
The writer couldn’t tell his father that he would carry his luggage himself because
(A) his guilt and shame didn’t allow him to do so.
(B) he felt that his father would be unhappy if he did so.
(C) he was suffering from severe pains.
(D) he couldn’t walk such long distance with heavy load on his head.
Answer:
(A) his guilt and shame didn’t allow him to do so.

Question 3.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “feelings of ner-vousness about what other people think of oneself”?
(A) guilt
(B) self-consciousness
(C) plight
(D) pride
Answer:
(B) self-consciousness

Question 4.
According to the narrator, he was not accustomed to physical labour because
(A) of his staying in hostels right from his childhood.
(B) he had not been healthy since his childhood.
(C) of his father’s love for him.
(D) of his lack of strength.
Answer:
(A) of his staying in hostels right from his childhood.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
The narrator feared that the whole world would laugh at him if he carried the trunk. Was his fear imaginary or real ? Give reasons.
Answer:
His fear was imaginary. In fact no one would laugh at us when we do our work. For a young man like the narrator it should not have been an Issue to carry his luggage on his back.

Question 6.
How did the narrator convince himself that it would be better to let his father carry his luggage ?
Answer:
The narrator thought that ¡t was through him that his parents had earned a greater, degree of admiration and respect from the villagers. He felt that his father would not like to see him carrying a trunk on his back and would be very hurt if he did so. Thus the narrator convinced himself that it would be better to let his father carry his luggage.

Question 7.
Why do you think the narrator was unwilling to carry his own luggage ?
Answer:
The narrator had the feeling that he was a great person because of his education and the white-collar Job. He felt that ¡f he carried the luggage, his father and his people, in fact the whole world would laugh at him and he would be belittled: According to the narrator, he had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from his childhood.

(F) Read the following passage.

I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank – all of it at one go. He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully on his forehead. So, this was the picture : my father carrying my luggage on his back and me following him with a tiny bag in my hand. We were walking up a narrow hilly road, and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers who spoke different languages. I did ; not know what was going on in his mind.

From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to let father carry the luggage. I wanted to tell him that I would like « to carry the trunk myself, but my guilt and shame did not allow me to do so. This self-consciousness had probably to do with my education, the white-collar job that I had, or quite simply my pride. Somehow, I had the feeling that if I carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
‘He drank all of it at one go.’What does’it’indicate in this line?
(A) the wine poured in the mug.
(B) the wine in the can.
(C) the water in the can.
(D) the water poured in the can.
Answer:
(A) the wine poured in the mug.

Question 2.
‘He drank all of it at one go.’. What does this act indicate ?
(A) It indicates that he is a drunkard.
(B) It indicates that he is tired.
(C) It indicates that he is very thirsty.
(D) It indicates that he is weak.
Answer:
(C) It indicates that he is very thirsty.

Question 3.
The narrator and his father did not utter a word during their walk. Why ?
(A) Because they speak different languages.
(B) Because they were strangers.
(C) Because they did not have love and affection.
(D) Because the narrator was thinking something.
Answer:
(D) Because the narrator was thinking something.

Question 4.
Where were the narrator and his father going ?
(A) They were going to the bus stop.
(B) They were going to their fields.
(C) They were going to shop shoes.
(D) They were going to have an evening walk.
Answer:
(A) They were going to the bus stop.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What was going on his mind ?
Answer:
The thought that it was Improper of him to let his old father carry his luggage.

Question 6.
“So this was the picture”. What was it.
Answer:
The writer’s father carrying the writer’s luggage on his back and the writer following him with a tiny bag.

Question 7.
What was the job of the narrator ?
Answer:
The narrator was a government officer.

(G) Read the following passage.

Father had provided for my education, and I had been able to realize his dreams. My parents were truly proud of me. It was through me that they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villagers. My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurt if I did so. I concluded that it would be better to let him carry it.

Father was used to carrying luggage anyway. Fie was stronger and more skilled than me in these matters. I had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from my childhood. So, in spite of my youth and strength, I was physically useless. I continued walking silently with father. We rested at two places on the way and had our tiffin but we hardly talked.

Finally, we reached Dirang. The bus from Tawang had not yet reached Dirang and so we had some time in hand. We entered a tea shop and sat facing each other. Father appeared tired. I felt sorry for him but couldn’t bring myself to say anything. I asked the waiter to get us two cups of tea. Just as I was going to take my first sip, I heard father’s voice, ‘Do you have a pair of old shoes?’

‘Why?” I asked.
‘The road is uneven and full of pebbles. It hurts while walking.’

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
“My parents were truly proud of me” – says the author, the reason was
(A) they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villages, owing to his job.
(B) father had provided for his education that he got a government job
(C) that he got a government job
(D) he got a white-colour job
Answer:
(A) they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villages, owing to his job.

Question 2.
“The bus from Tawang had not yet reached Dirang and so we had some time in hand. Here in hand means
(A) extra time
(B) time left available to be used
(C) for tiffin
(D) for snacks, tiffin and tea
Answer:
(B) time left available to be used

Question 3.
“He was stronger and more skilled than me in these matters ” says the nar¬rator “these matters” refer to
(A) carrying trunks
(B) carrying luggage
(C) walking on hilly roads
(D) in doing manual work which requires strength
Answer:
(D) in doing manual work which requires strength

Question 4.
“Do you have a pair of old shoes ? asks father”. Why does he ask for a pair of old shoes ?
(A) to economise on shoes
(B) unable to buy new shoes due to financial problems
(C) because he has no shoes
(D) The road is uneven and full of pebbles. It hurts while walking.
Answer:
(D) The road is uneven and full of pebbles. It hurts while walking.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What did the narrator say about his parents and their love for him ?
Answer:
The narrator’s parents love him very much. They leave no stone unturned for the progress and welfare of their son. Father provided adequate money and other requirements for his studies.

Question 6.
How did the narrator feel when his father carried his luggage ? Was his attitude right? Justify your answer.
Answer:
When the narrator’s father was carrying his luggage, the former (the author) felt that it was improper for him to allow his father carry his luggage. At first, the narrator wanted to tell him that he would like to carry his trunk himself. But his sense of guilt and shame did not allow-him,to do so. His father would be hurt to find his son carrying luggage. Of course, his father’s attitude was-not right and reasonable.

Question 7.
Say whether the following statements are false or true.
(a) The author offered to carry the trunk for sometime.
(b) The author did not take unpaid leave. He decided to join his duties.
(c) The father was happy with the shoes his son gave him.
Answer:
a) False
b) True
c) True

(H) Read the following passage.
Just as I was going to take my first sip, I heard father’s voice, “Do you have a pair of old shoes?”
“Why?” I asked.
“The road is uneven and full of pebbles. It hurts while walking.”

I looked at father’s bare feet. Never having worn shoes, his feet had developed cracks and somehow resembled those of an elephant. I noticed this for the first time. I hadn’ noticed that the road was uneven. I didn’t have to, since I was wearing a pair of hunting boots. I checked my wallet and saw I still had around Rs.40 with me. A pair of canvas shoes costs around Rs. 12 and the remaining amount would be enough for me to get to Bomdilr.

My father protested “Give me an old pair. You don’t have to spend money on a new shoes” I couldn’t convince him to limy a new pair Reluctantly I gave hinthe, hunting boots I was wearing. I then took out my pair of leather shoes from the trunk, and noticed now father’s face lighting up with contentment. Suddenly he looked at me and said “Take care Write to us…”

Father wanted to say something but the bus started moving. I saw that the road we had come by looked like a giant motionless rope. Simultaneously our journeys started in two opposite directions, with me seated in the luxurious seat of a bus and father walking back with weary legs on the pebble – strewn road. – The Journey.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The narrator did not notice that the road was uneven because
(A) this was his first journey on that road.
(B) he travelled in a luxurious bus
(C) he was wearing comfortable shoes.
(D) he was busy talking with his father.
Answer:
(C) he was wearing comfortable shoes.

Question 2.
In this passage, the road is compared to
(A) an elephant
(B) pebbles
(C) a snake
(D) a rope
Answer:
(D) a rope

Question 3.
The father was not ready to buy a new pair of shoes because
(A) he liked to wear hunting boots.
(B) he did not want to waste money
(C) he did not like new shoes.
(D) he already had his old shoes.
Answer:
(B) he did not want to waste money

Question 4.
‘I noticed it for the first time’. What does’it’refer to in this sentence ?
(A) The road was full ‘of pebbles.
(B) The road was uneven
(C) The father’s feet had cracks in them.
(D) The narrator was wearing hunting boots.
Answer:
(C) The father’s feet had cracks in them.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why do you think, the narrator had not noticed the cracks on his father’s feet ? What does this tell us about the narrator ?
Answer:
The narrator had not noticed the cracks on his father’s feet because he did not have so much concern for him. This tells us about the narrator’s apa- thetic attitude towards his father.

Question 6.
How did the father feel after receiving the shoes ? Quote a sentence from the passage to support your answer.
Answer:
After receiving the shoes, the father was very happy. The sentence, ‘ and noticed my father’s face lighting up with contentment” supports this.

Question 7.
How is the narrator’s journey different from that of his father’s ?
Answer:
The narrator’s journey was a luxurious one whereas his father’s journey was a laborious one. Their journeys were quite opposite.

(Q.8 – 12):

(A) Read the following passage.

This morning she bought green ‘methi’
in the market, choosing the freshest bunch;
picked up a white radish,
imagined the crunch it would make
between her teeth, the sweet sharp taste,
then put it aside, thinking it
an extravagance, counted her coins
out carefully, tied them, a small bundle
into her sari at the waist;
came home, faced her mother-in-law’s
dark looks, took
the leaves and chopped them,
her hands stained yellow from the juice;
cut an onion, five and cooked
the whole thing in the pot over the stove,
shielding her face from the heat.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What did the woman buy in the market ?
(A) radish
(B) tomatoes
(C) raw green methi
(D) brinjals
Answer:
(C) raw green methi

Question 9.
Why didn’t she buy the white radish ?
(A) It was an extravagance
(B) It was not tasty.
(C) It was sweet and sharp.
(D) It was bitter.
Answer:
(A) It was an extravagance

Question 10.
Who was the cruel person mentioned in the poem ?
(A) husband
(B) mother-in-law
(C) father-in-law
(D) sister-in-law
Answer:
(B) mother-in-law

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What did the woman do with the coins left ?
Answer:
The woman counted her coins carefully and tied them, a small bundle into her sari at the waist.

Question 12.
Why did she shield her face ?
Answer:
She shielded her face to protect herself from the heat.

(B) Read the following passage.

The usual words came and heat
their wings against her: the money spent,
curses heaped upon her parents,
who had sent her out
to darken other people’s doors.
She crouched, as usual, on the floor beside the stove,
When the man came home
she did not look into his face
nor raise her head; but bent
her back a little more.
Nothing gave her the right
to speak.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
The woman’s parents were cursed by
(A) all the other people.
(B) the green grocers.
(C) the woman’s mother-in-law
(D) the man.
Answer:
(C) the woman’s mother-in-law

Question 9.
The literary device used in the expression, “The usual words came and beat their wings ….” is
(A) personification.
(B) simile.
(C) hyperbole.
(D) metaphor.
Answer:
(A) personification.

Question 10.
The expression, ” but bent her back a little more,” suggests that
(A) she was suffering from neck pain.
(B) she was angry with her husband.
(C) she was frightened of her husband.
(D) she wanted to show respect for her husband.
Answer:
(C) she was frightened of her husband.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why do you think the woman did not raise her head , When her husband came home?
Answer:
The woman didn’t raise her head as she was frightened of her husband and she was very humble to him.

Question 12.
(i) What does the phrase, “The usual words came and beat ” suggest ?
(ii) What would be your reaction if you were that woman ?
Answer:
(i) The phrase, “The usual words came and beat “, suggests that the mother in-law cursed all her daughter-in-law’s actions.
(ii) If I were that woman, I wouldn’tbear the harassment experienced by the woman. I wouldn’t allow the mother-in-law to rebuke my parents. I would divorce my husband.

(C) Read the following passage.

She watched the flame hiss up
and beat against the cheap old pot,
a wing of brightness
against its blackened cheek.
This was the house she had been sent to,
the man she had been bound to,
the future she had been born into.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
She watched the flame hiss up-spot the figure of speech in this line
(A) Personification
(B) Metaphor
(C) Simile
(D) Onomatopoeia
Answer:
(D) Onomatopoeia

Question 9.
The man she had been bound to
(A) is her helpful husband
(B) is her husband who does not help her
(C) is her spouse who is co-operative
(D) is her life parterner who is indifferent to her sorrows and sufferings
Answer:
(D) is her life parterner who is indifferent to her sorrows and sufferings

Question 10.
This was the house she had been sent to means
(A) a house where she is put to all kinds of troubles, tortures, sufferingsand humiliations
(B) a house where she is burnt to death
(C) a house where she never enjoys any comforts
(D) a place of misery, agony and anguish.
Answer:
(A) a house where she is put to all kinds of troubles, tortures, sufferingsand humiliations

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Here, in the given passage, the suffering and humiliated woman talks of three things. What are they ?
Answer:
They are –
i) the house she had been sent to – where she suffered silently (unable to rebel) all kinds of troubles and tortures.
(ii) The man she had been bound to – is equally harsh, cruel, rude just like his mother, He is the husband and a silent spectator to the sorrows and sufferings inflicted on his wife, by his mother.
(iii) The future she had been born into – she had no future at all.

Question 12.
Explain the terms – “a wing of brightness and blackened cheek “.
Answer:
Unable to put up with her predicament, ceaseless suffering and bleak future – compel her to commit suicide. She herself threw kerosene at her, the only choice, she had ever known.

(D) Read the following passage.
So when the kerosene was thrown
(just a moment of surprise,
A brilliant spark)
It was the only choice
that she had ever known.
Another torch, blazing in the dark.
Another woman.
We shield our faces from the heat.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
When the kerosene was thrown…. who threw the kerosene on the woman?
(A) her husband
(B) her mother-in-law
(C) the woman herself threw it
(D) her husband and her mother-in-law together
Answer:
(C) the woman herself threw it

Question 9.
“Brilliant spark” symbolises
(A) the killing of herself by throwing kerosene
(B) committing suicide
(C) a bright idea
(D) sparkling flames of fire
Answer:
(A) the killing of herself by throwing kerosene

Question 10.
Another torch blazing the dark – This implies
(A) Another woman’s suffering
(B) Another woman who is committing suicide
(C) Some more bright light
(D) torch which shows the way
Answer:
(B) Another woman who is committing suicide

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What does the title of the poem suggest?
Answer:
The title Another Woman suggests that domestic violence and harrassment by in-laws — is not applied to a single woman. The woman in the poem is a typical example of the docile, submissive, traditional woman. She is a representative of all suffering women who experience the same troubles, tortures, humiliations, curses and abuses. The title implies that there are more women in society who are suffering and struggling like her.

Question 12.
Words do not have wings, but the poet employed them as if they had wings. “Attributing life and human qualitites to lifeless objects” is a figure of speech known as “personification”. Find out other examples of personification in the poem.
Answer:
The other examples of Personification in the poem are:-
(i) She watched the flan,e hiss up”,
(ii) “A wing of brightness”,
(iii) Against its blackened cheek,” and
(iv) Another torch”
Personification is a popular figure of speech. All stories of children will have this literary device. A squirrel quarreling with a mountain, a conversation between a crow and a fox, hope deceiving people, etc.

(E) Read the following passage.

Jill : And this is the lounge.
Aunt Jane : Charming ! Charming ! Such a cosy little room ! And such pretty furniture.
Jack : (modestly) We like it, you know, handy place to sit in and listen to the radio-gram.
Aunt Jane : Oh, have you got a radio-gram as well as a car and a piano ?
Jack : Why, of course, Jane. You simply must have a radio set now a days,
Jill : And it’s so nice for me when Jack’s away at business. I even make him move it into the kitchen, so that I can listen to it while I cook.
Jack : Sit down, Aunt Jane, You must be tired-and we’ve shown you everything now.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
“I even make him move it into the kitchen.” – What does’it’refer to ? ( )
(A) a radio set
(B) a sofa set
(C) a car
(D) a table
Answer:
(A) a radio set

Question 9.
What is the handy place mentioned above ?
(A) The outhouse of Jack and Jill
(B) The cosy little room of Jack’s (Jill’s) house
(C) The house of Aunt Jane
(D) The guest house of Jack and Jill
Answer:
(B) The cosy little room of Jack’s (Jill’s) house

Question 10.
Why does Jack think Aunt Jane is tired ?
(A) Because Aunt Jane has just arrived to the young couple’s house. Not only that, she was busy seeing the furniture, refrigerator, radio, piano, etc.
(B) Because Aunt Jane worked very hard.
(C) Because Aunt Jane became old and weak.
(D) Because Aunt Jane helped Jill in cooking.
Answer:
(A) Because Aunt Jane has just arrived to the young couple’s house. Not only that, she was busy seeing the furniture, refrigerator, radio, piano, etc.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Who is Aunt Jane ?
Answer:
Aunt Jane is the young couple’s aunt.

Question 12.
Why does Jane remark, “Charming ! Charming ! ?”
Answer:
Because the room was cosy with pretty furniture.

(F) Read the following passage.

Jill : What do you think of our little nest, Aunt Jane?
Aunt Jane : I think it’s wonderful, my dears. The furniture-and the car-and the piano and the refrigerator and the radio-what’s it- it’s wonderful, really wonderful!
Jack : And we owe it all to you.
Aunt Jane : Yes, jack, that’s what’s worrying me.
Jack : Worrying you, Aunt Jane?
Aunt Jane : Yes. That cheque I gave you for your wedding present-it was only two hundred pounds, wasn’t it? I- didn’t put two thousand by mistake?
Jill : Why no, Aunt Jane. What on earth made you think that ?
Aunt Jane : (relieved) Well, that’s all right. But I still don’t altogether understand. This house-it’s very lovely-but doesn’t it cost a great deal for rent?
Jack : Rent? Oh, no, we don’t pay rent.
Aunt Jane : But, Jack, if you don’t pay rent you’ll get turned out-into the street. And that would never do. You’ve Jill and the baby to think of now, you know.
Jack : No, no, Aunt Jane. You misunderstood me. We don’t pay rent because the house is ours.
Aunt Jane : YOURS?
Jill : Why, yes; you just pay ten pounds and it’s yours.
Jack : You see, Aunt Jane, we realized how uneconomic it is to go on paying
rent year after year, when you can buy and enjoy a home of your own for ten pounds-and a few quarterly payments, of course. Why be Mr. Tenant when you can be Mr. Owner?
Aunt Jane : I see. Yes, there’s something in that. Even so, you must be getting on very well to keep up a place like this.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A)f (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Jack and Jill don’t pay rent because
(A) it is their relatives’ house.
(B) the house owner is kind and generous; he allows them to reside at his house without paying rent.
(C) they own it on instalment basis.
(D) they don’t have any money with them to pay rent.
Answer:
(C) they own it on instalment basis.

Question 9.
The ‘little nest’ in the expression, “What do you think of our little nest, Aunt Jane?” refers to
(A) a sparrow’s nest.
(B) the young couple’s house
(C) Aunt Jane’s house.
(D) the nest made by Jack and Jill for their little parrot.
Answer:
(B) the young couple’s house

Question 10.
Jack says, “No, no Aunt Jane. You misunderstood me.” According to Jack, how did Aunt Jane misunderstand him ?
(A) Jane misunderstood that the house was theirs.
(B) Jane misunderstood that they bought that new house.
(C) Jane misunderstood that they were not paying rent for the house they were residing at.
(D) Jane misunderstood that they bought the house with the money she gave to them as wedding present.
Answer:
(C) Jane misunderstood that they were not paying rent for the house they were residing at.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Aunt Jane says, “Yes, Jack, that’s what’s worrying me” – Why do you think Jane was worrying ?
Answer:
Aunt Jane thought whether she had’given them the cheque for 2000 pounds instead of 200 pounds as wedding present. She doubted that they could have bought all those things with the cheque she had presented to them.

Question 12.
“The furniture – and the car – and the piano – and the refrigerator and the radio How do you think Jack and Jill manage to get all those things ?
Answer:
Jack and Jill manage to get all those things by instalment scheme.

(G) Read the following passage.

Aunt Jane : And the rest belongs to Mr. Sage, I suppose?
Jill : Er-Yes.
Aunt Jane : Well. I’m not going to sit on-Mr. Sage’s part for any one. (She stands up.) Now, tell me, how much do all these instalments come to?
Jack : Well, actually-(He takes out, his pocket-book and consults it.) actually to seven pounds eight and eight pence a week.
Aunt Jane : Good heavens! And how much do you earn?
Jack : As a matter of fact-er-that is-six pounds.
Aunt Jane : But that’s absurd! How can you pay seven pounds eight and eight pence out of six pounds?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy. You see, all you have to do is to borrow the rest of the money for the payments from the Thrift and Providence Trust Corporation.
Jill : They’re only too glad to loan you any amount you like, on note of hand alone.
Aunt Jane : And how do you propose to pay that back?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy, too. You just pay it back in instalments.
Aunt Jane : Instalments! (She claps her hand to her forehead and sinks back weakly into the chair. Then realises that she is sitting on Mr. Sage’s piece and leaps to her feet again with a little shriek.)
Jack : Aunt Jane! Is anything the matter? Would you like to lie down?
Aunt Jane : Lie down? Do you suppose I’m going to trust myself in a bed that belongs to Mr. Sage, or Marks and Spencer, or somebody? No, I am going home.
Jill : Oh, must you really go?
Aunt Jane : I think I’d better.
Jack : I’ll drive you to the station.
Aunt Jane : What! Travel in a car that has only one tyre and two thingummies! No thank you-I’ll take the bus.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
“And the rest belongs to Mr. Sage, I suppose ?” Who do you think is Mr. Sage?
(A) Jack’s relative
(B) Jill’s relative
(C) a financier
(D) Jane’s relative
Answer:
(C) a financier

Question 9.
“As a matter of fact-er-that is – six pounds.” – Here ‘er’ is referred to
(A) surprise.
(B) agony.
(C) hesitation.
(D) distress.
Answer:
(C) hesitation.

Question 10.
Aunt Jane refuses to sit on furniture because
(A) the furniture is dirty.
(B) she comes to know that the furniture is owned by instalment scheme.
(C) she is suffering from joint pains.
(D) she opposes Mr. Sage very much.
Answer:
(B) she comes to know that the furniture is owned by instalment scheme.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why do you think Aunt Jane claps her hand to her forehead and sinks back weakly into the chair ?
Answer:
When Aunt Jane comes to know that Jack and Jill have owned all those things on Instalment basis, she claps her hand to her forehead and sinks back weakly into the chair. She doesn’t like to own things on instalment scheme. ‘Cash down and carry the things’ is her motto.

Question 12.
Why does Aunt Jane say that she will take the bus ?
Answer:
Aunt Jane realises that the young couple have owned all the things including the car on instalment scheme. Hence, she refuses Jack when he tells her that he will drive her to the station in his car, She opts to travel by a bus.

(H) Read the following passage.

Jack : Well, of course, if you feel like that about it….
Aunt Jane: (relenting a little) Now, I’m sorry if I sounded rude, but really I’m shocked to find the way you’re living. I’ve never owed a penny in my life-cash down, that’s my motto and I want you to do the same. (She opens her handbag.) Now look, here’s a little cheque I was meaning to give you, anyway. (She hands it to Jill.) Suppose you take it and pay off just one of your bills- so that you can say one thing at least really belongs to you.
Jill : (awkwardly)Er-thank you. Aunt Jane. It’s very nice of you.
Aunt Jane: (patting her arm)There! Now I must be going.
Jack : I’ll see you to the bus anyway.
Jill : Good-bye, Aunt Jane-and thanks so much for the present.
Aunt Jane: (kissing her) Good-bye, my dear. (She and Jack go out. Jill looks at the cheque and exclaims ‘Ten pounds!’ Then she hurries to the table, addresses an envelope, endorses the cheque and slips it inside with a bill which she takes from the bag and seals the envelope. Then she rings the bell. In a – moment the nurse comes in with the baby in her arms.)
Jill : Oh, nurse. I want you to run and post this for me. I’ll look after baby while you’re gone.
Nurse : Certainly, madam. (She hands the baby to Jill, takes the letter, and goes.) (A second later Jack comes in again.)
Jack : Well, she’s gone! What a tartar! Still, she did leave us a bit on account- how much was it?
Jill : Ten pounds.
Jack : (with a whistle) Phew! That’s great! We can pay off the next two months on the car with that.
Jill : I-I’m afraid we can’t –

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What do you mean by the word ‘that’ in the expression, “We can pay off the next two months on the car with that” ?
(A) Jack’s salary
(B) Jill’s salary
(C) the cheque given by Aunt Jane
(D) Jack’s increased salary
Answer:
(C) the cheque given by Aunt Jane

Question 9.
Which of the following words given in the passage means, “a person who is irritably and hard to cope with”?
(A) tartar
(B) phew
(C) thingummy
(D) relent
Answer:
(A) tartar

Question 10.
Aunt Jane advises Jack and Jill
(A) to buy things on instalment basis.
(B) no to buy things on instalment basis.
(C) not to give cheque to financiers.
(D) to pay off all their bills in that month.
Answer:
(B) no to buy things on instalment basis.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Do you think Jack could pay off his instalments ? Why (not)?
Answer:
No, I don’t think Jack could pay off his instalments because the salary he earned was not enough to pay all the instalments.

Question 12.
Why do you think Jill says, “I – I’m afraid we can’t -” ?
Answer:
Jill had sent the cheque to the doctor to own their daughter. So, when Jack told her that they could pay off the-next two months on the car with the cheque they got from Aunt Jane, she said so.

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar

(Q.13 – 17):

(A) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Beside, I had come home this time round for a special’purpose: to get married. (14) My parents had arranged my marriage, according to the customs of our -tribe society. (15) Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realizes it (16) Initial I thought of extending my leave – even taking unpaid leave. (17) But after some dilly-dallying, I finally decided against it so marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.
Answer:
13. Besides
14. our tribal society
15. I realized it
16. Initially
17. against it because marriage

(B) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) On my way home from the bus stop, my trunk had carried by a porter. (14) The problem now was we couldn’t find anyone could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. (15) At another time of the year, we would have easy found someone to help me, but now most of the villagers were busy in the fields. (16) Anybody had time to spare for me. (17) In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry with me except that my education had made me shun physical labour.
Answer:
13. had been carried
14. anyone who could help me
15. have easily found
16. Nobody had time
17. a worry for me

(C) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Father had provided for my education, and I had able to realize his dreams. (14) My parents were truly pride of me. (15) It was through me that they had earned a greatest degree of admiration and respect from the villagers. (16) My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurted if I did so. (17) I concluded that it would be better to let him carrying it.
Answer:
13. I had been able
14. truly proud of me
15. a greater degree
1.6. would be very hurt
17. let him carry it

(D) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

This morning, a woman went to market. (13) She brought ‘methi’. She chose the freshest bunch. Then she picked up .a white radish. (14) She imagined the crunch it make between the teeth. But it had the sweet sharp taste. She set it aside, thinking it to be extravagant. (15) She counted her carefully. She tied them as a small bundle and put them into her sari at the waist. (16) When she returned home, her mother-in-law was very with her (17) Taking the fresh and green ‘methi’ leaves, she began them.
Answer:
13. She bought green methi.
14. She imagined the crunch It would make between the teeth:
15. She counted her coins carefully.
16. When she returned home, her mother-in-law was very angry with her.
17. Taking the fresh and green ‘methi’ leaves, she began chopping them.

(E) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Her hands stained yellow from the juice. (13) She cut onion, fine and cooked the whole thing in the pot. (14) She prepared a curry the stove. (15) She shielded her from the heat of the stove. (16) The abusive words hurt her deeply. (17) The mother-in-law scolded her for money.
Answer:
13. She cut an onion fine and cooked the whole thing in the pot:
14. She prepared a curry oyer the stove.
15. She shielded her face from the heat of the stove.
16. The usual abusive words hurt her deeply.
17. The mother-in-law scolded her for spending money.

(F) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Aunt Jane : Charming ! Charming ! Such a cosy little room! And such pretty furniture.
Jack : (13) We like it, you know, hand place to sit in and listen to the radiogram.
Aunt Jane : (14) Oh, has you got a radiogram as well as a car and a piano?
Jack : Why, of course, Aunt Jane. You simply must have a radio set nowadays.
Jill : (15) And it’s so nice for me what Jack’s away at business. (16) I even make him move it in the kitchen, so that I can listen to it while I cook.
Jack : Sit down, Aunt Jane. (17) You must tired-and we’ve shown you everything now.
Answer:
13. you know, handy place
14. Oh, have you got
14. Oh, have you got
15. me when Jack’s away
16. move it into the kitchen
17. You must be tired

(G) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Aunt Jane : I see. Yes, there’s something in that. (13) Even so, you must getting on very well to keep up a place like this.
Jill : Oh, he is, Aunt Jane. (14) Why, only last year he had a five shilling rise- don’t you, Jack ?
Jack : Of course that was nothing, really. I’m expecting ten this Christmas.
Aunt Jane : Jack ! (15) I ‘ve just think of something. That car-is it yours?
Jill : (16) Of course it was ours.
Aunt Jane : (17) All your?
Jack : Well, no, not exactly all.
Answer:
13. must begetting on
14. rise-didn’t you, jack?
15. just thought of
16. it is ours
17. All yours

(H) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

Jack : Well that’s all right. (13) Which have you sent it to?
Jill : Dr. Martin.
Jack : Dr. Martin! (14) What on earth possessed you do that?
Jill : There! (15) Now you were going to be angry with me.
Jack : I’m not angry! But why waste good money on the doctor ? (16) Doctors don’t expect to get pay anyway.
Jill : (17) But-but you don’t understood
Answer:
13. Who have you sent
14. you to do that ?
15. Now you are going
16. to get paid anyway
17. you don’t understand

(Q.18 – 22):

(A) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet. (March 2018)

preparing, before, want, spending, on, staying, behind

After spending (18) a leisurely Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on (19) Monday is tiring. Lethargy creeps in if the holiday continues over an extended period. That is how I felt when I was Add score (20) preparing to return to my place of work after spending six months at home. The fact that I was to leave behind (21) my newly-wed wife and go to a far-off place did not help either. Obviously I did not want (22) to go.

(B) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

allow, do, let, belittled, have, pleased, simply

From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to let (18) father carry the luggage. I wanted to tell him that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but my guilt and shame did not allow (19) me to do so. This self-consciousness had robably to do (20) with my education, the white-collar job that I had, or quite simply (21) my pride. Somehow, I had the feeling that if I carried the luggage, my father and any people, infact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled (22).

(C) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

that, hunting, around, having, hunt, those, was

I looked at father’s bare feet. Never having (18) worn shoes, his feet had developed cracks and somehow resembled those (19) of an elephant. I noticed this for the first time. I hadn’t noticed that the road was (20) uneven. I didn’t have to since I was wearing a pair of hunting (21) boots. I checked my wallet and saw I still had around (22) Rs.40 with me.

(D) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

dear, from, chose, costly, carrot, would make, radish

One morning a woman of docile nature went to vegetable market. She chose (18) of buying a white radish (19) but on second thought felt that it was costly (20). Moreover, the crunch it would make (21) between the teeth, the sweet sharp taste prevented her from (22) buying them.

(E) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

into, lay, beside, gave, the, near, any

Whenever,the woman’s mother-in-law scolded her, she lay (18), as usual, on the floor near (19) the stove. When the (20) man came home she did not look into (21) his face nor-raise her head. But she bent her back a little more. Nothing gave (22)17A,T the right to, speak.

(F) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

see, of, on, be, a

Jack : You see, Aunt Jane, we realized how uneconomic it is to go on (18) paying rent year after year, when you can buy and enjoy a home of your own for ten pounds and a few quarterly payments, of course. Why be Mr.Tenant when you can be (19) Mr. Owner?
Aunt Jane : I see (20) see. Yes, there’s something in that. Even so, you must be getting on very well to keep up a plane like this.
Jill : Oh, he is, Aunt Jane. Why, only last year he had a (21) five shilling rise didn’t you Jack?
Jack : (modestly) Of course that was nothing, really. I’m expecting ten this Christmas.
Aunt Jane : (suddenly) Jack I I’ve just thought of something. ‘That car-is it yours ?
Jill : Of course it’s ours.
AuntJane : Allyours?
Jack : Well, no, not exactly all.
Aunt Jane : How much of it?
Jill : Oh, I should say the steering wheel and one of (22) the tyres and about two of the cylinders. But don’t you see, that’s the wonderful thing about it.

(G) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

the, down, earn, of, too

Aunt Jane : Good heavens I And how much do you earn (18) ?
Jack : As a matter of fact-er-that is – six pounds.
Aunt Jane : But that’s absurd ! How can you pay seven pou-nds eight and eight pence out of (19) six pounds ?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy. You see, all you have to do is to borrow the (20) rest of the money for the pay-ments from the Thrift and Providence Trust Corporation.
Jill : They’re only too glad to loan you any amount you like, on note of hand alone.
Aunt Jane : And how do you propose to pay that back ?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy, too (21). You just pay it back in installments.
Aunt Jane : Installments ! (She claps her hand to her forehead and sinks back weakly into the chair. Then realises that she is sitting on Mr. Sage’s piece and leaps to her feet again with a little shriek.)
JAck : Aunt Jane ! Is anything the matter ? Would you like to lie down (22)?
Aunt Jane : Lie down ? Do you suppose I’m going to trust myself in a bed that belongs to Mr.Sage, or Marks and Spencer, or somebody 1 No, I am going home.
Jill : Oh, must you really go ?
Aunt Jane : I think I’d better.

(H) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

the, find, that, in, cheque

Aunt Jane : (relenting a little) Now, I’m sorry if I sounded rude, but really I’m shocked to find (18) the way you’re living. I’ve never owed a penny in (19) my life-cash down, that’s my motto and I want you to do the (20) same. (She opens her hand bag.) Now look, here’s a little cheque (21) I was meaning to give you, anyway. (She hands it to Jill.) Suppose you take it and pay off just one of your bills. So that (22) you can say one thing atleast really belongs to you.

(Q.23 – 27):

(A) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

However, I final (23) did decide to go.’l did not have much to carried (24) by way of luggage – just a.trunk. Ours is a hilly terrain, without any motorable roads- and there is no certainty (25) that we are ever going to have any roads. In any case, while coming home we do not carry bedding. Besides, I had come home this time round for a special purpose (26) : to get married. My parents had arranged my marriage, according to the customs of our tribal society. Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realized it. Initially (27) I thought of extending my leave-even taking unpaid leave. But after some dilly-dallying. I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the underlined word to be used in the context.
Answer:
finally

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
carry

Question 25.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
uncertainly

Question 26.
Write the word that has the similar meaning of the word underlined.
Answer:
reason

Question 27.
Write the correct form of the word underlined.
Answer:
Firstly

(B) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

I gave him the can of wine. He poured, himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it at one go. He than (23) arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully (24) on his forehead. So, this was the picture : my father carrying my luggage on his back and me following him with a tiny (25) bag in my hand. We were walking up a narrow hilly road, and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers who spoke difference (26) languages. I did not know what was going on in his mind. From time to time it crossed my mind that it was improper for me to let father carry the luggages (27). I wanted to tell him that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but my guilt and shame did not allow me to do so.

Question 23.
Replace the underlined with a suitable one.
Answer:
then

Question 24.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
carelessly

Question 25.
Write the word that is similar in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
small

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with the right form of the word.
Answer:
different

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
luggage

(C) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Father had provide (23) for my education, and I had been able to realize his dreams. My parents were truly proud of me. It was through me that they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from (24) the villagers. My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurt if I did so. I concluded (25) that it would be better to let him carry it. Father was used to carrying luggage anyway. He was stronger and more skilled than me in these matters. I had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from my childhood. So, in spite of my youth and strength, I was physically useless. I continued walking silently with father. We rested at two places on the way and had our tiffin but we hardly talked. Finally, we reached Dirang. The bus from Tawang had not yet reached Dirang and so we had some time in hand. We entered a tea shop and sat facing each other. Father appeared tired(26). I felt sorry for him but couldn’t bring myself to say anything. I asked the waiter (27) to get us two cups of tea. Just as I was going to take my first sip, I heard father’s voice, ‘Do you have a pair of old shoes?’

Question 23.
Use the right form of the verb of the word underlined.
Answer:
provided

Question 24.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
preposition

Question 25.
Write the synonym of the word underline
Answer:
thought

Question 26.
What is the antonym of the underlined word?
Answer:
energetic, fresh

Question 27.
What is the verb form of the word underlined ?
Answer:
wait

(D) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.
My father protested. ‘Give me an old pair. You don’t have to spend money on new shoes. ‘I couldn’t convince him to buy a new pair. Reluctantly (23) I gave him the hunting boots I was wearing. I than (24) took out my pair of leather shoes from the trunk, and noticed my father’s face lighting up with contentment. Suddenly he looked to_(25) me and said, ‘Take care. Write to us…’

Father wanted to say something but the bus started moving. I saw my father gradually (26) receding into the distance. I saw that the road we had come by looked like a giant motionlessly (27) rope. Father would use the same road to go back home. Simultaneously our journeys started in two opposite directions, with me seated in the luxurious seat of a bus and father walking back with weary legs on the pebble-strewn road.

Question 23.
Write the word that is similar in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
umwillingly

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
then

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable proposition.
Answer:
at

Question 26.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
suddenly

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with its correct form.
Answer:
motionless

(E) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Jill : And this is the lounge.
Aunt Jane : Charming ! Charming ! Such a cosy little room ! And such prettify (23) funiture.
Jack : (modestly) We like it, you know, handy place to sat (24) in and listen to the radiogram.
Aunt Jane : Oh, have you got a radiogram as well as a car and a piano ?
Jack : Why, of course, Aunt Jane. You simply must have a radio set nowa-days.
Jill : And it’s so nice (25) for me when Jack’s away at business. I even make him move it into the kitchen, so that I can listen to it while I cook.
Jack : Sit down, Aunt Jane, You must be tired and we’ve shown you anything (26) now.
Jill : What do you think of our little nest, Aunt Jane ?
Aunt Jane : I think it’s wonderful, my dears. The furniture and the car-and the piano- and the refrigerator and the radio-what’s it -it’s wonderful, really (27) wonderful!

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the word underlined.
Answer:
pretty

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
sit

Question 25.
Write the word that is similar in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
pleasant / good

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
every thing

Question 27.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
unreally

(F) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as your answer booklet.

Aunt Jane : (relieved) Well, that’s all right. But I still don’t altogether (23) understand. This house-it’s very lovely-but doesn’t it cost a great deal for rent ?
Jack : Rent ? Oh, no, We don’t pay rent.
Aunt Jane : But, Jack, if you don’t pay rent, you’ll get turned out-into the street. And that would never do. You’ve Jill and the baby to think of now, you know. : No, no, Aunt Jane. You misunderstood me. We don’t pay rent because the house is our (24).
Aunt Jane : YOURS?
Jill : Why, yes; you just pay ten pounds and it’s yours.
Jack : You see, Aunt Jane, we realized how uneconomical (25) it is to go on paying rent year after year, when you can buy (26) and enjoy a home of your own for ten pounds-and a few (27) quarterly payments, of course. Why be Mr.Tenant when you can be Mr.Owner ?
Aunt Jane : I see. Yes, there’s some thing in that. Even so, you must be getting on very well to keep up a place like this.

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
altogether

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
ours

Question 25.
Write the correct form of the underlined, word.
Answer:
uneconomic

Question 26.
Write the word that gives the opposite’ meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
sell

Question 27.
Write the word that gives the similar meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
little

(G) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Aunt Jane : Well. I’m not going to sit on – Mr. Sage’s part for any one. (She stands up.) Now, tell me, how much do all these installments come to ?
Jack : Well, actually – (He takes out his pocket-book and consults it.) — actually to seven pounds eight and eight pence a week.
Aunt Jane : Good heavens ! And how many (23) do you earn ?
Jack : As a matter of that is – six pounds.
Aunt Jane : But that’s absurd (24) ! How can you pay seven pounds eight and eight pence out of six pounds ?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy. You see, all you have to do is to borrow (25) the rest of the money for the payments from the Thrift and Providence Trust Corporation.
Jill : They’re only to (26) glad to loan you any amount you like, on note of hand alone.
Aunt Jane : And how do you propose to paid (27) that back ?
Jack : Oh, that’s easy, too. You just pay it back in installments.
Aunt Jane : Installments ! (She claps her hand to her forehead and sinks back weakly into the chair. Then realises that she is sitting on Mr. Sage’s piece and leaps to her feet again with a little shriek.)

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
much

Question 24.
Write the word that has similar meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
ridiculous

Question 25.
Write the word that has opposite meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
lend

Question 26.
Replace the word with a suitable one.
Answer:
too

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
pay

(H) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Jack : Well that’s all right. Who have you sent it to ?
Jill : Dr. Martin(23).
Jack : Dr. Martin! What on earth possessed you to do that ?
Jill : (nearly in tears) There! Now you’re going to be angry (24) with me.
Jack : I’m not angry! But why waste good money on the doctor? Doctors don’t expect(25) to get paid anyway.
Jill : (sobbing(26) a little) But-but you don’t understand
Jack : Understand(27) what?
Jill : Why; just one more instalment and BABY’S REALLY OURS!
(She is holding out the infant, a little pathetically, as we black out.)

Question 23.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
noun

Question 24.
Write the noun form of the word underlined.
Answer:
anger

Question 25.
Write the synonym of the word underlined.
Answer:
hope; anticipate

Question 26.
What is the antonym of sobbing ?
Answer:
laughing

Question 27.
Write the tense forms of this word.
Answer:
understand – understood – understood.

Section – C : Creative Writing (Discourses)

(Q. 28):

(A) In the lesson “The Journey” suppose the author realized his mistake and felt guilty of his attitude towards his father. Now describe the inner feelings of the author.

Write the description in about 12 to 15 sentences. The description should reflect the following ideas.
What mistake did he commit ?
How did he feel for that ?
What was his realisation ?
How would he like to change his attitude towards his father in his future ?
Answer:
Description : ‘The Inner feelings of the author’.

I am a government officer. I came to my village to get married. After spending six months at home, I prepared to return to my place of work. Then I faced a problem that I needed someone to carry my luggage. As all the villagers were busy in the fields, I couldn’t find even one who could help me. Finally father told me that he would see me off at Dirang. Though I protested, my father decided to carry the chest to the bus stop.

We started walking and I wanted to tell me that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but the guilt and shame did not allow me to do so. I said to myself, If I carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittleduu. It was through me that they had earned a greater degree of admiration and respect from the villagers.

My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurt if I did so”. With these thoughts, I concluded that it would be better to let my father carry it. Later I regretted my attitude towards my father. I felt guilty. 1 saId to myself. I wouldn’t have made my old father carry my luggage. It was improper for me to let my old father carry the luggage.

Now I am young and strong so that I can carry my luggage easily. Carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry for me except that my education had made me shun physical labour. I curse my education l I felt very sorry for my father. I would, not repeat it once again.”

(B) In the lesson ‘The Journey’, the writer after boarding the bus turns behind and looks at his father until he finally disappears on’the way. A co-passenger watches the author and asks if he is very much attached to his family and other details. Write a conversation between them in 10 – 12 exchanges. The conversation should include the details of the writer, his concern for his parents, his regrets.
Answer:
Co-passanger : Good morning Sir, I am Dorjee, working as a teacher in this town.
Writer : Good morning. My name is also Dorjee, What can I do for you ?
Co-passanger: I have been watching you turning behind and looking at your father, until he disappears.
Writer : What is strange in that ?
Co-passanger : It seems that you are very much attached to your parents. Could please tell me about your family and your job.
Writer : Why not ? I am a government officer, In the department of agriculture at Bomdlla.
Co-passanger : Glad to know It.
Writer : My parents live in that village. Though they are illiteraterates, they strived hard to get me educated. I am in this good position only with their cooperation and blessings.
Co-passanger: You are thinking deeply about your family.
Writer : My father treats me with much affection. He didn’t allow me to carry my own luggage. Himself he has carried this trunk.
Co-passanger: So what?
Writer : I regret very much over my action. I am young. I should not allow him to carry my luggage. I should have carried it.
Co-passanger: Any how we can’t change the past.
Writer : You are correct. I shouldn’t do any such work in my life. I treat my old parents with
much love. It is my responsibilty.
Co-passenger: I appreciate you for your wisdom.
Writer : Thank you
Co-passenger: Welcome to you.

(C) You have read the play ‘The Never-Never Nest’. Convert the play into, a story in your own words.
Answer:
Jack and Jill were a young married couple who had a small baby. One day Aunt Jane visited them. She. was surprised to find that even though Jack’s salary was not high, they lived in a beautiful home With all comforts, such as a radio, a car and a refrigerator. She began to wonder whether, as a wedding gift she had given them 2000 pounds instead of the 200 pounds she had wanted to give them.

Otherwise how did Jack and Jill buy all these things ? She suggested that the rent for such a house must be very high. Jack replied that they owned the house. Then Aunt Jane understood that though Jack and Jill had everything, nothing really belong to them. They bought everything they had on instalment basis. Only a steering wheel of the car, a wheel and two cylinders had been paid for. And only one leg of the sofa that Aunt Jane sat on, belonged to them.

The total amount to be paid towards Instalments per week came to more than seven pounds. Jack was earning only six pounds a week. Jill was a housewife. When Aunt Jane asked how he could pay seven pounds a week, when he was earning only six pounds, Jack said that they could take a loan. Aunt Jane was shocked at the way Jack and Jill ran their family. Before she left, she gave ten pounds to Jill and told them to make at least one article completely theirs, using that money.

(D) ‘Another Woman’, a poem by Ms. Imtiaz Dharker, is about the domestic violence, a social evil. You must have read about the dowry deaths in newspapers. Every day at some place or other in our country women are burnt down by their in-laws and her husband for want of dowry or such other matter. “The last line of the poem says “We shield our faces from heat”. In what way we are concerned with the death of the ‘another woman’ ? By saying this the poet wants to remind us of our duty against this inhumane superstition. Write your opinion as to how we can avoid these deaths.
Answer:
In the poem ‘Another Woman’, the woman was tortured mentally and physically by her husband and her mother-in-law. She doesn’t have any freedom and respect in in-law’s house. She is not loved and respected even by her husband. For everything and even for trifles she ¡s always taunted, scolded and cursed by her mother-in-law.

She is treated as-a slave in her mother-in-laW’s house. She does not have any freedom to speak. She does not have any right to love her husband. She ¡s to live ¡n abject submission. She is always beaten brutally and she is harassed mentally with derogatory remarks. It is all done to her because she has not brought a lot of dowry to satisfy their greediness. Then on a fateful day she was burnt down by her husband and her mother-in-law.

Whe she is burnt down, we, the society doesn’t pay any attention towards her people are apathetic and unconcerned about everything that is happening around them. Doesn’t the society have any responsibility about an individual ? Is it not a shame for us to allow anyone to be burnt down or killed before our eyes ? Aren’t we human beings ? The poetess feels that we should shield our faces from the heat of the shame. She feels that every human being must have a concern about others. She feels that the neighbours must have known about her miserable plight They must have ques-tioned her in-laws and her husband.

They must have taken this issue to the consider-ation of human rights organisation or-women’s rights organisation. They, must have Informed to her parents. If her neighbours had done at least one of these things, she could have been saved. That’s why the poet says that “We shield our faces from the heat”.

(E) Jack and Jill had just moved into their new home in New Hampstead. They were married a year before and have a child. Aunt Jane who saw them on the day of their marriage could not visit them for a long time. Jack and Jill wanted to invite Aunt Jane to their new house. A month later, one day, to their surprise, Aunt Jane rang the door bell. When Jill opened the door she was overjoyed.

‘Jack, Jack, won’t you come arid welcome Aunt Jane ?’ she cried.
‘Aunt Jane ! Really ?’ he cried climbing down the stairs from his room.
They were very happy to see Aunt Jane at their new home. After lunch, they took her round the house. Aunt Jane was surprised to see the piano, the car, the radiogram and the pretty furniture.

‘You seem to be doing well, children’, she said.
Well, we owe it all to you,’ they said together.
Narrate the thoughts of Aunt Jane when she saw them, their house and their possessions.
Answer:
Aunt Jane was very really surprised to see the piano, the car, the radiogram and the pretty furniture. She thought that Jack and Jill seemed to be doing well. When she said the same to the couple they said, “We owe it all to you. Their reply worried her very much. She thought if she gave the cheque for their wedding present for two hundred pounds or more. She thought if she wrote two thousand instead of two hundred on the cheque.

She couldn’t understand how they were able to live in such a lovely house. She thought that they were paying a great amount of money towards rent. She was stunned to know that the young couple got their house and all the other things by instalment basis. She asked Jack, “How much all these instalments come to ?“ He replied, “Actually to seven pounds and eight pence a week” She asked him how he could pay seven pounds and eight pence out of six pounds. Jack replied that it was very easy.

He would borrow the rest of money and pay off. Again she asked him how he could pay the loan back. He told her that he could pay it back in instalments. She thought, “I don’t want to stay here any more. I don’t like getting things on instalment basis. ‘Cash down’ is my motto. I don’t like the way of thinking of Jack and Jill”. So thinking she left their house.

(F) In this present mechanical competitive world, we are forced to surround ourselves with the latest gadgets giving us very little time towards our human relationship, in particular the senior citizens who crave for attention. Write a play script.
Characters : (i) A family of five members
(ii) A visitor who brings awareness of the above situation
Location of the scene : House
Theme : (i) A child of the family worried over his/her grand parent being neglected.
(ii) Parents are always busy with the Gadgets like, I pad, TV, Mobile, Laptops, etc.
Answer:
Play Script

Title : Human Relations
Scene : A house (Location / Setting)
Characters : i) Ramaiah (old man), aged 70.
ii) Lakshmamma ( Ramaiah wife) aged 65
iii) Prakash (son), aged 38
iv) Sita (Prakash’s wife), aged 35
v) Nageswar (Grandson), aged 10
vi) Prabhakar (A visitor), aged 50

Ramalah : Yemoi, bring me a cup of coffee.
Lakshmamma : O.K. I shall come to you with a cup of hot coffee within minutes.
(She comes to Ramaiah after five minutes, with a cup of coffee.)
Lakshmamma : Here, take this cup of coffee.
Ramaiah : Thank you, dear. The coffee is really tasty.
Ramalah : Where is Nageswar ? What is he doing?
Lakshmamma : He is doing his homework.
Ramaiah : Call him; I want to talk with my grandson.
Lakshmamma : Prakash…… Oh, Prakash …….. Come here; grandpa is, waiting for you.
(Enter Nageswar.)
Nageswar : What do you want, grandpa ?
Ramaiah : I want to spend some time with you.
Nageswar : O.K., grandpa. Could you please tell me a fairy tale ?.
Ramaiah : Sure. Where are your parents ? What are they doing ? 1 haven’t seen them since morning.
Nageswar : Mom is watching TV. Dad is sitting in front of Laptop.
Ramaiah : It’s a long time since they’ve talked to me. They don’t find time to talk with me.
Nageswar : But, Why both of you are living in this out house ‘Wily aont you aine witn us – i aiways
want to sit beside you and dine along with you. But……..
Ramaiah : Your, mom has asked me to stay in this out house. That’s why we have been staying here.
Nageswar : Mom is really bad. I hate her for doing this to you. I think both my mum and dad are neglecting you. I don’t like them at all.
Ramaiah : Don’t talk like that. You must love your parents.
Nageswar : I think God will teach them a lesson.
(Enter Prabhakar)
Ramaiah : Hi, Prabhakar ! How are you ?
Prabhakar : I am fine. What about you?
Ramalah : We are also fine.
Prabhakar : But, I don’t think so. It seems that you are worrying about something.
Ramalah : Nothing of that sort. I am really happy.
Nageswar : No, no. Grandparents are not actually happy. Grandpa has just told me about my parents’ indifferent attitude towards them. Uncle, please make my parents aware of maintaining good human relations. Please make them understand the pathetic condition of grandparents.
Prabhakar : 0K; my dear young boy. I am really happy with your attitude. Call your parents.
(Exit Nageswar)
(Nageswar goes to his parents and tells them that Prabhakar uncle is calling them.) (Enter Prakash, Sita and
Nageswar.)
Prakash & Sita : Good morning, Prabhakar, How do you do ?
Prabhakar : How do you do ? What are you doing ? Are you busy ?
Prakash : I am chatting with my friend.
Sitar : I am watching TV.
Prabhakar : How many days ago did you talk with your parents, Prakash ?
Prakash : It’s 4……….. 5………….. 6 days ago.
Prabhakar : Don’t you think about them ? They are in their old age. They want love and affection from you. You must talk to them regularly. You must give them the feeling of security. Try to be with them as much time as you can. You must take care of their health. Otherwise there may be no difference between an old age home and this home. You must remember the sacrifices made by them to give such a place to you in this society.
Remember; theirs is a selfless love for you.
Nageswar, go and bring me a glass of water. (Nageswar goes).
If your sons deals with you in the same way in your old age how do you feel ?
Prakash : I am very sorry, Prabhakar. You have opened my eyes. I will find at least a few minutes to spend with my parents. I immediately, make them vacate this room and keep them along with us.
Sita : I too feel a deep sense of shame on my part. I treat them with love.
Prabhakar : That’s good. I want that kind of change in your attitude.
Nageswar : (enters) Uncle, here is water for you.

(Q. 29) :

(A) In the lesson, “The Journey” the narrator did not want to return to work. Imagine you are the narrator and write a diary entry about your lethargy.
Answer:
Dear Diary,

How strange the life is ! One day away from work …. one feels one can not work any more. After all one Sunday. What difference does it make ? Waking up late ! Full breakfast ! At the most a sumptuous lunch in the afternoon. I don’t feel like going back to, work next day. What is it called ? Lethargy. ! I don’t know. But this feeling never works with a wage labourer who has to work round the week to make a’ living. But I’m not a wage labourer. I’m a man with a secure job. And that is not the only reason. A girl has entered my life. From then on life is dream-like. But she asks me to join my duties. But I don’t . ant to leave her behind. That too alone. No No … I will not: I will not go.

Yeshe Dorfee Thongchi

(B) In the lesson “The Journey” suppose the author realised and felt guilty of his attitude towards his father.
Write a diary entry in about 12 to 15 sentences describing the inner feelings of the author. The diary entry should reflect the following ideas.
What mistakes did he commit ?
How did he feel for that ?
What was his realisation ?
How would he like to change his attitude towards his father in his future ?
Answer:
26-3-2019
9.00 pm

Dear Diary,

What a rascal I was ! How arrogant I was ! J should not have allowed my father to .carry my luggage. It was stupendous mistake I had committed. Father ! 1 am very sorry. J can’t say how sorry I am. J thought everyone would laugh at me if I carried my luggage. Since I am highly educated and being an administrative officer with high authority, I thought carrying My luggage would be humiliating. I thought education had made me shun physical labour and I had never got used to physical labour, having stayed in hostels. Later I realised it was only a pretext. How arrogant I was to say father was used to carry luggage. Yes. He did physical labour for providing everything authority, I thought carrying my luggage would be humiliating.

I thought education had made me shun physical labour and had never got used to physical labour, having stayed in hostels. Later I realised it was only a pretext. How arrogant I was to say father was used to carry luggage. Yes. He did physical labour for providing everything in my life. For imparting good education to me he struggled all his life. I should have revered him and respected him for the sacrifices he made for me. I should have given him all the comforts in his old age. In spite of respecting him I treated him as a porter. What a sin I have committed an unpardonable mistake! Dad, please pardon me. I never ill-treat you again in my life. I’ll make you and my mother comfortable. I love you, respect you and serve you all my life.

Yeshe Dorjee Thongchi

(C) Imagine you were Sunitha. You bought a laptop and refrigerator on installment basis. Your mother-in-law came and scolded you for buying things on instalment basis.
Write in your diary how you felt on that day.
Answer:
28th of January, 2019
8:30 pm.

Dear Diary,

Today I am humihated and scolded by mother-in-law. I am hurt. I am very much sad. I am not a little girl. I am grown-up and I have got my own wisdom. To err is human. Everyone makes mistakes. My mother-in-law also must have committed mistakes in her youth. Experiences and past sufferings must have made her learn so many things. What wrong have I done ? I have bought a laptop and refrigerator on an instalment basis. For a long time I want to buy them. Nowadays there are no people who doesn’t have a laptop and a refrigerator.

They have become necessities. We don’t have that much of savings to buy them outright. So with a very hide down payment and very small amounts of monthly installments we can enjoy the comforts of a laptop and a refrigerator. But my mother-in-law scolded me for laptop. She told that we would have to pay double the principal amount to repay them. Yes, it is true. It is wrong to buy things on installment basis. I agree with my aunt. But it is not the way to make me realize my mistake. She offended me with abusive words. What made me very much sad was she scolded my parents. I am hurt. My parents never made me hurt like this. I will never make any others to humiliate my parents with my foolish acts.

Sunitha