TS 8th Class Social Study Material 4th Lesson The Polar Regions

Telangana SCERT 8th Class Social Study Material Telangana Pdf 4th Lesson The Polar Regions Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Social 4th Lesson Questions and Answers – The Polar Regions

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Question 1.
Re-write the false statements with correct facts. (Conceptual understanding)
a) Animal body parts were used only in clothing. (False)
Answer:
The Eskimos are not only using the animal body parts for clothing but also in the following ways:
1. They are covering the tents with the skin.
2 Tables used for sleeping are also covered with animal skin.
3. Bones and teeth are used in the making of some kind of weapons and tools.
4. In the westernmost Pacific region. the wooden face masks are decorated with the animal skin and hair.

b) Major part of the food includes vegetables. (False)
Answer:
The Eskimos mainly use meat, fish and fatty food items, Very rarely they use vegetables in their food. They gather fruits during summer.

c) Popular games amongst the people in Tundra are closely related to their daily lives. (True)
Answer:
Wrestling, racing, harpoon throwing contests and vigorous athletic activities are the popular games of the Eskimos.

d) Contact with people from outside impacted Eskimos health. (True)
Answer:
The contact of the outside people affected badly the health of Eskimos.
1. The outsiders brought new diseases to which the Eskimos had no immunity or natural resistance.
2. Smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, whooping cough, pneumonia, mumps, scarlet fever and diphtheria attacked them.

Question 2.
Based on what you studied about equator regions in Class VII, how is polar region different (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

Question 3.
What are the wap in which life of people in Tundra are dependent on climate of the region? Describe in the context of following aspects :(Conceptual understanding)

Food	Dress	Travel	SheIter

Answer:

Question 4.
Create a wallpaper with illustrations and descriptions comparing life between your location with that of Tundra. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
I am living in Telangana. The differences between Telangana and Polar regions are as follows:

Question 5.
Imagine one entire day (24 hours) when the sun does not set and another day when there is no sun. What changes will this make in your daily lives? Write a short note
on them. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
1. If one entire day, the sun does not rise, there will be no light. We have to put on artificial lights to get lighting. We have to change our working timings. At the same time we may hive to change our food habits.

2. If one entire day, the sun does not set, there might be high temperature in the climate. Our body may not be accustomed to the situation. So we may have to take easily digestible food and we may have to take liquids to escape from dehydration. We may have to change our clothings according to the high-temperate climate.

Question 6.
Find out the five living places of Eskimos in the World Map. (Mapping skills)
Answer:

Intext Questions

Text Book Page No. 40

Question 1.
Which continents aII within this (Polar) region? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. Parts of North America,
2. Parts of Europe,
3. Parts of Asia.

Question 2.
Try to recall what happens as we move away from the equator. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Temperature goes on declining. Polar regions are entirely covered with frozen ice.

Text Book Page No. 41

Question 3.
Did you find any differences between 4.1 and 4.2 figures. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)

a. Can you guess which one shows winter?
Answer:
Picture 4.1 shows winter of the laundry region and it is bitterly cold during November, December and January. Here, the water of the rivers, lakes, seas freezes. Strong cold winds blow and there is snowfall. Due to the severe cold, dark and icy conditions, all the plants die. Even birds and animals leave this region and migrate elsewhere. The whole region becomes dark, deserted and desolate.

b. Which one has plants?
Answer:
Picture 4.2 shows some small plants and grass.

Text Book Page No. 42

Question 4.
Did you see any trees in the pictures above?
Answer:
No trees are present in the above pictures.

Question 5.
Mention five points about the summer in Tundra.
Answer:

1. The sun begins to shine in the Tundra around February-March.
2. In the beginning, the sun shines for a maximum of an hour and a half and then sets.
3. Gradually, it lengthens to 2 hours. 6 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, and finally 24 hours
4. Then for almost three months from May to July. the sun never sets, it shines all 24 hours. But the sun does not rise overhead.
5. Temperature starts increasing during summer. The snow starts melting. The melted snow joins the river. The lakes fill up, and huge chunks of ice break off and float into the ocean as icebergs.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks : (Conceptual rulers lauding)
Answer:

1. The sun does not appear during the months of November. December and January.
2. At this time, the water freezes and the plants die.

Question 7.
How do the people of Mundra get light in winter? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
During November, December and January months, the Sunrise will not be there in Tundra regions. But highlight is available, So, there will be entirely no darkness. The reflection of the star’s light on the snow cover on the surface of the earth and the yellow and red layers too provide light to these areas these layers are known as Aurora Borealis.

Text Book Page No. 43

Question 8.
Why do you think people probably always did not live in the Tundra region? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The people in tundra region start their migration in winter season due to:

• All vegetation die during winter season due to the lack of light, low temperatures and frozen water.
• Even birds and animals too migrate to other areas.
• The whole Tundra region becomes deserted without any kind of life during winter season.

Text Book Page No. 45

Question 9.
In what ways are the resources available in their surroundings used for making houses? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
a) Animals:

• Skin of these animals are used to make tents in summer season
• The skin of walrus is used to cover the big tents.

b) Logs and Whales: In the northern coast of Alaska, people use large logs and the ribs of whales to make circular houses.
c) Stone Slates: These are used in making houses in Greenland.
d) Snow and 1cc: lo northern and central Polar regions Igloos are made with the help of ice.

Question 10.
How is the house impacted by the climate? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The climate of Polar regions forcing the Eskimos to construct their habitat with the available resources like ice, stone slates, wooden frames, ribs of the whales etc. After the construction, they’ use the animal skin to cover these houses.

Text Book Page No. 48

Question 11.
Do you think lives of people in Tundra have changed for better or worst because of their interaction with outside world? Give reasons for your answer. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
The Eskimo’s interaction with the outside world reflected in two ways.
i) In a better way :
a) Whale hunt (1859.1910).
b) Business in animal skin and fur (1925-1950).
c) Setting up of military camps 1950s.
d) Development of urban areas 1960s.
e) Oil resources development 1970s.
and the availability of air services and development of national highways and satellite communication is also available.

ii) In a bad way: Immunisation and lack of natural resistance resulted in the spreading of diseases of smallpox, TB and cold. Along with poverty and migration of Eskimos to other areas also taken place.

Question 12.
Look at the pictures in this chapter. How has that dress and hunting changed?
Answer:
Eskimos used to wear shoes known as Mukiuks and caps. These are made of animal skin. Men used to wear clothes which have long flags. Most of the dresses are embroidered. By 21st century, with the technological progress. Eskimos are using sophisticated guns in the place of bows and arrows. They are wearing raincoats, caps in place of leather dresses.

Reading the Text (given), understanding and interpretation

Read the paragraph “The northern part ……………. as the ‘Tundra Vegetation and answer the following question.
Answer:
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra. Tundra means really cold. Since the Tundra region gets rn little sunlight. it has a unique type of vegetation known as the Tundra Vegetation”.

Write about the natural vegetation of the Tundra region?
Answer:
Conditions for plant. life are quite unfavourable in the Tundra. The subsoils are permanently frozen. The growth periods are short and even during that period, the ground is saturated with the melt waters. The Bush Tundra The Grass Tundra and The Desert Tundra are the natural vegetation of Tundra region.

Read the paragraph “In the Tundra region ………….. rise at all” and answer the following question.
B. “In the Tundra region it is extremely cold. It is difficult to even imagine the cold in the
Tundra. In our country, tire sun rest’s and sets every day. But this does not Happen in the
tundra. It is almost dark throughout November, December and January since the firm does not rise at all.”

What do you know about the climate of Tundra region?
Answer:
In Tundra region winters are long and bitterly cold. The Tundra has many hours of sunshine during the summer since the sun is continuously above the horizon for about three months. However, it has little heating effect as the sun’s rays are oblique and much of the heat energy is spent on melting the snow itself

Information Skills

A) Religious Beliefs:
Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life, health, sickness, starvation and death. The Eskimos believe that spirits control these things. All Eskunos groups believe in supernatural power taIled Silo and spirits (such as Setbra. lite goddess of health and food).

They hey that people and animals have souls that hoe after death. But each group has certain beliefs and rituals of its an. Each person, family or group has taboos or bans, forbidding certain actions, such as eating a particular kind of food. Each group has some major cere, monies, performed at birth and death or when hunting is very poor or very successful Shamans (people skilled in performing rituals) are believed to help establish and keep contacts with the spirit world. Shamurs use trances, drama and magic tricks in their performances.

Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions.

1. What is name of the food goddess?
Answer:
Sedna.

2. Who are Shamans?
Answer:
People skilled in performing rituals.

3. What do you know about Eskimo religion?
Answer:
Eskimo religion shows deep concern be life, health, sickness, starvation and death.

4. When does Eskimos do ceremonies?
Answer:
Eskimos do ceremonies when hunting is very poor or very successful.

B)

Eskimos	peak periods
Whaling	1859 to 1910
Modern fur trade	1925-1950
Building of military and defence cases	mid – 1950’s
Building of Urban centres	mid – 1960’s
Oil exploration and development	1970’s

1. Which year oil exploration and development started?
Answer:
1970’s

2. What is the importance of peak period of Eskimos 192-1950?
Answer:
Modern fur trade

3. In which period is known as ‘whaling’?
Answer:
1859 – 1910

4. What is the importance of peak period of Eskimos mid – 1960’s?
Answer:
Building of Urban Centres.

Mapping Skills

Question 1.
locate the Tundra region on the world map. Mark the important countries of that region with colours. (Question given in Text Book Page No. 264)
Answer:
Important countries al Tundra region are Alaska, Poleward part of Canada, Baffin Island, Greenland, Poleward part al Russia (Siberia).

Question 2.
Reading the following map and answer the given questions.

1. in which continent Alaska is?
Answer:
In North American continent.

2. Where do we locate the Tundra region?
Answer:
The Tundra region is located near the poles of the Northern Hemisphere.

3. Which island is located on the west of Greenland?
Answer:
Hafin island.

4. Which latitude is passing through Alaska and Greenland?
Answer:
Arctic circle.

One Mark Questions

Question 1.
Who are Eskimos?
Answer:
Eskimos are the people of polar region.

Question 2.
What is Tundra?
Answer:
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra.

Question 3.
Which months in Tundra region is almost dark?
Answer:
November. December and January.

Question 4.
What is Horizon?
Answer:
The place where the earth seems to meet the sky is known as horizon.

Question 5.
What is the accepted meaning of Eskimos?
Answer:
The most commonly accepted meaning of Eskimos is Snow shoe-netter’.

Question 6.
Where is Siberia?
Answer:
Siberia is a part of Russia in northern Asia.

Question 7.
Who are Shamas?
Answer:
People skilled performing rituals

Question 8.
Who visited Baffin Island in 1576-78?
Answer:
English Mariner Martin Froshisher.

Question 9.
What is meant by ‘boom and bust?
Answer:
The pattern of relation between the Eskimos and outsiders has been described as ‘boom and bust’.

Question 10.
Name the countries of Tundra region.
Answer:
Greenland, Baffin Island and Labrador.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The region lie near north pole is known as …………………. . ( )
A) Equatorial region
B) Tropical region
C) Temperate region
D) Polar region
Answer:
D) Polar region

Question 2.
The meaning of Tundra is ( )
A) Very cold
B) Very hot
C) Lukewarm
D) Hot and Cold
Answer:
A) Very cold

Question 3.
The Eskimos use the following weapon to hunt seals ( )
A) Axe
B) Sickle
C) Harpoon
D) Gun
Answer:
C) Harpoon

Question 4.
The meaning of the Eskimo word Igloo is ( )
A) Shelter
B) Home
C) Habitat
D) Fort
Answer:
A) Shelter

Question 5.
The boots of the Eskimos are known by this name ( )
A) Mukiuks
B) Trousers
C) Bata
D) Woodland
Answer:
A) Mukiuks

Question 6.
Tundra region means ……………. . ( )
A) The northern part of the continent within the polar region
B) The southern part of the continent within the polar region
C) The eastern part of the continent within the polar region
D) The western part of the continent within the polar region
Answer:
A) The northern part of the continent within the polar region

Question 7.
The horizon is the place ………………… .( )
A) where the earth appears to meet the sun
B) where the Earth appears to meet the moon
C) where the earth appears to meet the sky
D) where the Earth appears to meet the sun and the moon
Answer:
C) where the earth appears to meet the sky

Question 8
…………………… is the cause for the Tundra people to get light in winter ( )
A) Arora Astralis
B) Arora Borealis
C) Ice
D) Stars
Answer:
C) Ice

Question 9.
Igloo means ( )
A) Food
B) ice
C) Fish
D) Shelter
Answer:
B) ice

Question 10.
Inuit In Eskimos language means ( )
A) Karibo
B) icebergs
C) House
D) The people
Answer:
D) The people

Question 11.
……………….. are small canoe-like boat made of animal skins stretched over wooden frames used by Eskimos. ( )
A) Sledge
B) Umiaks
C) Harpoon
D) Kayak
Answer:
D) Kayak

Question 12.
Mukluks and parkas are ( )
A) food of Eskimos
B) wearing of Eskimos
C) boats used by Eskimos
D) meat of Cariboce
Answer:
B) wearing of Eskimos

Question 13.
In Greenland, houses are built of ………………. . ( )
A) stone slabs
B) ice
C) wood frames
D) animal skin
Answer:
C) wood frames

Question 14.
Find out the right one about Eskimos peak period ( )
A) Oil exploration and development -1970
B) Building of urban centres 1950
C) Whaling-1825-1850
D) Modern fur trade- 1925 – 1930
Answer:
B) Building of urban centres 1950