Telangana SCERT TS 6th Class Social Study Material Pdf Lesson 3B Penamakuru – A Village in the Krishna Delta Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 6th Class Social Lesson 3B Questions and Answers -Penamakuru – A Village in the Krishna Delta
(Improve Your Learning)
Question 1.
What kind of changes are taking place in Penamakuru village? (Conceptual Understanding)
Answer:
In Penamakuru, the soils are mostly fertile alluvial black soils. These soils are rich in nutrients. So paddy is grown in these soils, two crops a year. Paddy Is extensively cultivated all over the coastal plains, especially in Krishna district.
During the last few years many farmers have been cultivating sugar cane instead of paddy. Sugar cane stands in the field for nine months to a year and is harvested around February – March. Then it grows again to give a second crop the next year. The villagers cultivate turmeric, yams banana In the uplands.
Paddy, red gram. green grams etc., are food crops. Sugar cane, turmeric are cash crops. Through these crops, the villagers get heavy profits. Vegetables and orchards are also grown here to meet the needs of the public.
There is a shift from growing food grays like millets, paddy, and pulses to cash crops like sugar cane, vegetables, fruits, and turmeric. This is made possible by the growth of irrigation facilities, loan facilities, seeds, and fertilisers.
Question 2.
How do the poor and landless people earn their livelihood in the plains? (Conceptual Understanding)
Answer:
There are so many people without land. Among them many people take leases for the land of the big farmers or work as labourers on their farms. Many people, other than landowners, live in nearby hamlets on the banks of the canals. We can also find Kirana shops. bank. RMP doctors, medical shops. iron welding shops. hair saloon, tiffin shops etc in the middle of the village.
On the banks of Bandar canal, 15-20 basket-weaving families are living. Some other people catch rats or rear pigs. Some people live on collecting date palm strands for making baskets. Some depend on catching fish with the help of basket traps. Some other people earn their bread from poultry and rice-mill.
Question 3.
What are the difficulties of fanning in plain villages like Penamakuru? (Conceptual Understanding)
Answer:
Difficulties of farming in plains: The coastal plains have plenty of water for irrigation. If it rains well for five months, there will be artificial canal irrigation drawing water from the river and finally, there will be abundant groundwater at a very low level. In recent years there has been an increasing use of groundwater through the borewells to cultivate the uplands.
Difficulties at Penamakuru: The lands on the eastern side of the village which are nearer to the canal and low-lying areas can be easily irrigated with the canal ‘valer, The lands on higher elevation cannot be easily irrigated with canal water. lxi such areas farmers use bore wells. At Penamakuru the groundwater can be found by digging for only 15 to 25 feel. Most of the bore pumps are submersible pumps.
Question 4.
What will happen if all farmers of the village to grow only sugarcane or turmeric? Give your reasons. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
- It Is not advisable scientificaLly to grow the same crops always, It leads to easy diseases and pests can not be controlled.
- If all the farmers grow the same crops, there may not be demand due to heavy crop.
- Hall grow the same crops. labour and other problems may arise as some agricultural activities need to be done at stipulated time correctly.
Question 5.
Why do Plains like the Krishna Delta have a very dense settlements? (Conceptual Understanding)
Answer:
High population is found ¡n such regions where there are plenty of favorable living conditions. We can see more population where there are good agricultural facilities, for example, the Krishna delta. Penamakuru Is a village between the Krishna River and the Bandar Canal. It has a very fertile area. There are various types of lands in which paddy, cash crops like sugar cane, turmeric, orchards, and vegetables are very well grown. The delta region gives various chances to live in.
Question 6.
Point out different Iandforms on the map of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Colour them as given below, a) Plain – green b) Plateau – yellow c) Mountains – brown (Mapping skills)
Answer:
Question 7.
How are the people of handicrafts helped by the government? (‘Appreciation and Sensitir’iti)
Answer:
1. Handicrafts are defined as n activities involving the making of decorative domestic or tither objects by hand.
2. India is home to many traditional handicrafts. Government is trying hard to preserve the valuable talent ol artisans .intI thereby providing many welfare measures for people who has handicrafts. as their source of income, Some of the measures pro- vidal by government are –
- Providing interest subsidy to loans.
- Conducting craft-specific workshops to help the artisans to update their knowledge. technology and design.
- Promoting health and hygiene sen ices.
- Providing scholarships to the children of artisans.
- Marketing the products of rural artisans through annual crafts bazaars.
Question 8.
Describe the relief features of Telangana.
Answer:
1. The physical surface features of the land like mountains, plateaus, and plains are called Relief Features.
2. MnuntainWHills in Telangana: There are different stretches of hills terrains. They are called with different names in different districts.
Sathmala range : Adilahad. Nirmal districts
Balaghat range : Mahaboobnagar. Nagurkurnool districts.
Ananthagiri hills : Vikarabad district.
Kandikal : Peddapalli, Javasnkar districts.
Rakhi Hills: Jagtial district.
3. Plateus : Platees are high lands. Telangana is in Deccan plateau. The Telangana state is divided as Upper Telangana Plateau and Lower Telangana Plateau.
Upper Telangana: Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Sangareddv, Mahaboohnagar and Nalgonda.
Lower Telangana : Warangal and Karimnagar.
InText Questions
Text Book Page No. 20
Question 1.
What is the relation between moisture level in the soil and crop production?
Answer:
Clavey black soils (Nalla regadi bhumi) get very sticky with rain and retain moisture for a long time, When they dry up they tend to crack – this causes what is called self-ploughing and causes fertility. When the paddy is sown and transplanted. it grows well and yields very high returns in these soils than any other soils.
Question 2.
Look at the map of the village and locate the canal, the road, and the houses and huts in the centre of the village.
Answer:
Question 3.
Look at the map of the Penamakuru village and locate the field channels which take off from the Bandar Canal. Observe the direction in which they flow. (Mapping Skills)
Answer:
The canal flows eastern side of the village which are low-lying. It flows towards south going to Devarapalli.
Question 4.
Gently shade the portions which you think will be irrigated by the canals.
Answer:
Look the map →
Text Book Page No.21
Question 5.
Does it rain In your region between the months of June to October?
Answer:
No. Our region is in Chittoor district. We don’t receive rain between June and October.
Question 6.
Is the rain adequate for agriculture in your area?
Answer:
No. The rain is not sufficient
Question 7.
Compare the availability of water in your area and the Krishna Pelta Plain region.
Answer:
We have no river water source or canal source whereas Krishna Delta has good potential Krishna river water. As there are not charging sources of water, the borewells also get dried quickly.
Question 8.
How can the floods can be both destructive and productive?
Answer:
Floods lead to soil erosion and also cause damage to crops. So floods are destructive. Floods bring along with them fertile soil mud (Ondru) which increases the land fertility In this way floods are productive. The floods improve the water level in the earth.
Question 9.
Get information about the major floods in the past and what happened during those
times.
Answer:
Students activity.
Question 10.
How can we minimise the damage done by floods and cyclones?
Answer:
- We have to grow sufficient trees to create natural barriers for the floods.
- We have to construct more dams to store the flood waters.
Text Book Page No. 23
Question 11.
What are the reasons for this (irrigation, market, and crops) change?
Answer:
There is a change from growing food grains like paddy. mullets to cash crops like sugarcane, fruits etc. This is due to nonavailability of water, increasing agricultural costs on labour, seeds, and fertilizers.
Question 12.
To what extent do you think this is this beneficial to the farmers?
Answer:
Shifting from food crops to cash crops is beneficial to the farmers as the need not be financially burdened.
Question 13.
Will this also create some problems?
Answer:
Yes, In long run, the country has to face shortage of food grains if ail the farmers favour growing cash crops Only. The fertility of the soil also gets reduced in long run. The cattle may not get fodder if food grains are not grown. Cow dung and other bios Fertilizers disappear leading to loss of fertility of lands.
Question 14.
Types of soils in Penamakuru are …………………….. . (tick the correct answer)
a) sandy/rocky
b) sandy /clay
c) black /Sandy
Answer:
Question 15.
Which of the following statements is correct? ( b )
a) Sandy soils retain moisture
b) Black soils retain more moisture.
c) Black sandy soils retain moisture
Answer:
b) Black soils retain more moisture.
Question 16.
Farmers of Penamakuru grow rice in …………………… soil.
Answer:
alluvial
Question 17.
Fruit orchids are by the side of the river Krishna because …………………… .
Answer:
of sandy soils.
Question 18.
If you live in a village:
a) What is the depth of a borewell?
Answer:
The depth of a borewell depends on the availability of the groundwater. In our area, the depth of the borewell is 100 mts.
b) What layers do you dig through to reach water?
Answer:
We have to dig the laver of sand, mud, and rock to reach water.
C) How is land irrigated in your area?
Answer:
In our area, we generally use borewells to irrigate land.
Question 19.
Here is a collection of photographs of houses and other buildings in the village. Look at them and describe them. Point out the difference and similarities in the roofs, walls, boundary walls etc.
Answer:
i) People of different castes and professions live in this village.
ii) The main village is inhabited only by landlords. They live in big houses and concrete buildings. ‘1” and ‘4” are examples for this.
iii) The others live in the nearby hamlets on the banks of the canal, Their main occupations are making baskets, catching rats, and rearing pigs. They lived in huts and houses made with bamboo sticks. 2 is the example for this.
(Additional Questions’)
Question 1.
Describe the delta village Penamakuru.
Answer:
Penamakuru is a village in the Krishna Delta. It is three kilometers away from Vuyyuru crossing the Bandar canal, a branch of the river Krishna. Penamakuru is situated between the Krishna River and the Bandar canals In this village the soils are most fertile alluvial black soils. This region receives rains from June to October.
Paddy Is extensively cultivated in the two crop seasons Salva and Dalva. During the last few years. sugar cane and turmeric are cultivated. Instead of green gram and red gram, some vegetables are grown here. Some fruit-bearing trees are also cultivated in riverside lands. This delta village is rich in all agricultural products.
Question 2.
What do you know about Prakasam Barrage?
Answer:
Vijayawada is located at the head of the Krishna Delta on its northern hank. A barrage was built across the river Krishna at Vijayawada in 1853 by the British rulers. It is now called Prakasam Barrage. The water is diverted by this barrage into canals and ¡s used to irrigate about twelve lakh acres of land.
Question 3.
Read the following information and answer the questions.
1. South-West monsoon …….. June to October – gives heavy rains.
North-East monsoon November to May – gives little to moderate rain.
Q. When do we get rains abundantly?
Answer:
In the South-West monsoon season. i.e., June to October.
2. Salva – Monsoon crop – Junejluly – Paddy – harvested in October! November. Dalva – Winter crop – December – Paddy or Pulse crop – harvested in April! May.
Q. In which season paddy will be grown heavily?
Answer:
In monsoon season.
Q. What is called the winter crop?
Answer:
Dalwa.
3. Crops – Paddy, Millets, Sugar cane, Red gram, Green gram.
Vegetables – lšrinjal, Ladies finger, Dondakai, Cabbage Orchards — Guava, Sapota, Papaya etc.
Q. Which crops are sold in Raithu Bazar?
Answer:
Vegetables and Orchards.
Mapping Skills
Question 1.
Observe the following Andhra Pradesh and Telangana map carefully and answer the
questions given.
Answer:
1. Write the name of lake you found between Krishna and Godavari.
Answer:
Kolleru lake.
2. In which delta you find the village Penamakuru?
Answer:
Krishna Delta,
3. On which river Prakasam Barrage was built?
Answer:
On the river Krishna.
4. All the rivers flow eastward and join the ………………… .
Answer:
Bay of Bengal.
5. Which city is located at the head of the Krishna Delta?
Answer:
Vijayawada
Two Mark Questions
Question 1.
Where is Penamakuru situated t
Answer:
penamakuru is situated between the Knhru never and the Bandar canal.
Question 2.
Write about the alluvial soils.
Answer:
- The sails deposited by the riven are caned allowing seek
- Alluvial sails are heavy and have high water holding capacity.
- They are aba rich in nutrients.
Question 3.
When does the Krishna region release nitich rainfall?
Answer:
The Krishna region receives much rainfall teem June to October from the South-West monsisara.
Question 4.
Name some high-yielding varieties of paddy grown In Penamakuru.
Answer:
MTU, 2716, Swarms, and BPT are Some of the high-yielding varieties cd paddy grown in Penamakuru.
Question 5.
What are the dianget lAing place in Penamakuru?
Answer:
There is a sitift horn growing food grains lite mulch. paddy and pulses to cash crops like sugarcane. vegetables, fruits and turmeric.
Question 6.
Name some agro-based industries of the Krishna delta.
Answer:
Poultry and rice mills are some agro-based industries of the Krishna delta.
Question 7.
What are orchards?
Answer:
Orchard’ are places where fruits are grown.
Question 8.
What are the occupations of the people ad Penamakuru?
Answer:
- Agriculture is the main occupation of the people.
- We can also find R.M.P. doctors. vendors, Kiran shops. etc
- Miwhaatised poultry farms and rice mills are some industries developed m this region.
- 4) Animal rearing. basket weaving, ptg rearing, and fishing are some other occupations.
(Objective Type Questions)
Question 1.
Bandar Canal is a branch of the river ( )
A) The Godavari
B) The Krishna
C) The Penna
D) The Kaveri
Answer:
B) The Krishna
Question 2.
Penamakuru is a village near ………. in the Krishna district. ( )
A) Vuvvuru
B) Krishna Canal
C) Bandar Canal
D) Vijayawada
Answer:
D) Vijayawada
Question 3.
This city is located at the head of the Krishna Delta. ( )
A) Bandar
B) Vijavawada
C) Penamakuru
D) Penamaluru
Answer:
B) Vijavawada
Question 4.
Prakasam Barrage was built at Vijayawada in the year ( )
A) 1358
B) 1853
C) 1583
D) 1538
Answer:
B) 1853
Question 5.
In Penamakuru, the soils are ( )
A) Alluvial
B) Black
C) Alluvial black
D) Sandy
Answer:
C) Alluvial black
Question 6.
These soils are heavy and have high water-holding capacity. ( )
A) Black
B) Alluvial
C) Sandy
D) Clayey
Answer:
D) Clayey
Question 7.
These soils get very sticky with rain and retain moisture for a long lime. ( )
A) Black soils
B) Alluvial soils
C) Sandy soils
D) Fertile soils
Answer:
A) Black soils
Question 8.
The delta region receiver rains from S.W. Monsoons. ( )
A) November to May
B) October to December
C) June to October
D) February to March
Answer:
C) June to October
Question 9.
Low lying areas can be easily Irrigated with the ( )
A) canal water
B) bore wells
C) wells
D) tanks
Answer:
A) canal water
Question 10.
This district is one of the most flood-prone districts of Andhra Pradesh ( )
A) Guntur
B) West Godavari
C) Krishna
D) Penna
Answer:
C) Krishna
Question 11.
Floods are caused by ( )
A) depressions
B) cyclones
C) the sun
D) the moon
Answer:
B) cyclones
Question 12.
During worst floods of the years 1997, 2006 or 2009, this village Is lucky as It is on high ground, ( )
A) Vuyyuru
B) Vijayawada
C) Penamakuru
D) Pallani
Answer:
C) Penamakuru
Question 13.
The paddy crop sown during the months of punuly is knowns as ( )
A) Salva
B) 2716
C) Dalva
D) Swarna
Answer:
D) Swarna
Question 14.
From the month of December the people sow the winter crop of paddy is called ( )
A) Salva
B) Dalva
C) Monsoon
D) Swarna
Answer:
B) Dalva
Question 15.
During the last few years, many farmers cultivating ………………….. instead of paddy.( )
A) Turmeric
B) Banana
C) Sugar cane
D) Jeeluga
Answer:
C) Sugar cane
Question 16.
There is a shift from growing food grains to ( )
A) vegetables
B) cash crops
C) millets
D) orchards
Answer:
B) cash crops
Question 17.
Types of soil In Penamakuru are ( )
A) sandy/rocky
B) sandy / clay
C) black/sandy
D) infertile
Answer:
C) black/sandy
Question 18.
Which of the following statement is correct? ( )
A) Sandy soil retains moisture
B) Black soil retains more moisture
C) Black sandy soil retains moisture
D) Low and soil retains moisture
Answer:
D) Low and soil retains moisture
Question 19.
Farmers of Penamakuru grow rice in this soil. ( )
A) Alluvial black soil
B) ayey black soil
C) Sandy soil
D) Loose soil
Answer:
A) Alluvial black soil
Question 20.
Fruit orchards are by the side of river Krishna because ( )
A) the sandy soils are suitable
B) the Clavey soils are suitable
C) the uplands are suitable
D) the low lands are suitable
Answer:
B) the Clavey soils are suitable
Question 21.
The reason for Penamakuru was not affected by the worst floods. ( )
A) It is on high ground
B) It is a small village
C) It is On the bank of the river Krishna
D) Because of Prakasam Barrage
Answer:
C) It is On the bank of the river Krishna
Question 22.
Most of the lands in Krishna delta are sown with paddy because ( )
A) they are in the low areas (Pallam)
B) they are in the highlands (Meraka)
C) they are sandy soils
D) there are so many bore wells.
Answer:
B) they are in the highlands (Meraka)
Question 23.
Paddy do not grow well on sandy soils because ( )
A) they contain the nitrogen
B) of floods and heavy rain
C) of lacking salts
D) sands soils could not retain moisture well.
Answer:
D) sands soils could not retain moisture well.
Question 24.
Fruit orchards are by the side of the river Krishna because ( )
A) the lands are away from the river
B) the fruit trees grow well in sandy soils
C) the water is not sufficient
D) the lands are alluvial
Answer:
B) the fruit trees grow well in sandy soils
Question 25.
The groundwater at Penamakuru can be found by digging for only 15 to 25 feet because ( )
A) it is far away from the river
B) it is very near to the river Krishna ( )
C) it is affected by floods
D) it is upland area
Answer:
B) it is very near to the river Krishna ( )