AP 10th Class Biology Model Paper Set 5 with Solutions

Teachers often recommend practicing with AP 10th Class Biology Model Papers Set 5 to enhance exam readiness.

AP SSC Biology Model Paper Set 5 with Solutions

Time : 2 hours
Max. Marks : 50

Instructions :

1.  Question paper consists of 4 sections and 17 questions.
2. Internal choice is available only for Q.no. 12 in section III and for all the questions in section IV.
3. In the duration of 2 hours, 15 minutes of time is allotted to read the question paper.
4. All answers shall be written in the answer booklet only.
5. Answers shall be written neatly and legibly.

Section – I (6 × 1 = 6 M)

Note :
1 Answer all the questions.
2. Each question carries 1 mark.

Question 1.
What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Answer:
(a) It makes the medium acidic.
(b) Softens the food.
(c) Kill germs i.e., bacteria/any foreign organism.

Question 2.
Give an example each of a natural and an artificial ecosystem.
Answer:
natural ecosystem : Forest or pond
Artificial ecosystem : Crop field or aquarium.

Question 3.
Name the scientist who established the laws of inheritance.
Answer:
Gregor Mendel is the scientist who established the laws of inheritance.

Question 4.
Why is the ozone layer getting depleted at higher levels of the atmosphere?
Answer:
The ozone layer is getting depleted at higher levels of the atmosphere due to the presence of chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that are harmful to ozone.

Question 5.
Write the expanded form of DNA.
Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 6.
What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Answer:
The following processes would be essential for maintain life are
(i) Respiration
(ii) Nutrition
(iii) Digestion
(iv) Excretion
(v) Transportation

Section – II (4 × 2 = 8)

Note:
1) Answer all the Questions.
2) Each question carries 4 marks.

Question 7.
Write major functions of stomata present in the epidermis.
Answer:
we boil the leaf in alcohol to remove all the chlorophyll from the leaf. Otherwise green colour of chlorophyll will interfere in starch iodide test which gives blue black colour.

Question 8.
A gland secretes a particular hormone. Deficiency of this hormone in the body causes a particular disease m which the blood sugar level rises.
i) Name the gland and the hormone secreted by it.
ii) Mention the role played by this hormone.
iii) Name the disease caused due to deficiency of this hormone.
Answer:
i) Pancreas and the hormone secreted is insulin.
ii) It helps in regulating blood sugar level.
iii) The deficiency of this hormone causes diabetes.

Question 9.
Explain “bioloogical magnification” with the help of an example.
Answer:
Biological magnification is increase in the concentration of a chemical per unit weight of the or-ganisms with the successive rise in trophic level. In one study it was found that concentration of harmful chemical like DDT will increase 80,000 times the concentration present in water.

Question 10.
What is ozone? How does it protect the organisms on the earth?
i) Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms O₃.
ii) It forms a protective layer in the Earth’s stratosphere known as the ozone layer. The ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly the dangerous UV-B and UV-C rays. By doing so, it shields organisms on Earth from the harmful effects of exces¬sive UV radiation, such as skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to marine life.

Section – III (5 × 4 = 20 M)

Note:
1) Answer all the questions.
2) Each question carries 8 marks.
3) Each question has internal choice.

Question 11.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the position of liver, gall bladder, bile duct, upper part of small intestine and pancreas
Answer:

Question 12.
A)State one function for each of the following hormones :
(a) Thyroxin
(b) Insulin
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Growth hormone
(e) Testosterone
Answer:
a) Thyroxin : Regulates carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism.
b) Insulin Regulates blood sugar levels.
c) Adrenaline : increases heart rate and blood supply to various organs.
d) Growth hormone : Regulates growth and development in organisms.
e) Testosterone Controls bodily features and secondary sexual characteristics in males during puberty.

B) Draw a labelled diagram to show the position of liver, gall bladder, bile duct, upper part of small intestine and pancreas.
1) Ovary
2) Anther
3) Filament
4) Stigma.
What is the function of anther? How does fusion of male and female gametes take place in plants?
Answer:
Function of Anther: To produce hap loid pollen grains which on growth form pollen tubes, each containing two male gametes.

Fusion of Male and Female Gametes :
On germination over stigma, a pollen grain forms a long pollen tube carrying two male gametes. Pollen tube enters an ovule and bursts open in the embryo sac. One male gamete fuses with the egg to form diploid zygote. It is generative fertilization. The second male gamete fuses with diploid secondary nucleus of central cell to form triploid primary endosperm cell. It is vegetative fertilization. The phenomenon of two male gametes fusing with different cells in the same embryo sac to produce two different structures is callecf double fertilization.

Question 13.
Complete the following flowchart based on ecosystem and its components.

Answer:
(i) Aquatic
(ii) Physical (abiotic)
(iii) Temperature, rainfall, wind, soii and minerals
(iv) Plants and animals
(v) Ecosystem is the whole biotic community in a given area plus its abiotic environment.

Question 14.
What are the different methods of contraception?
Answer:
Contraceptive methods can be categorized into various types.

1. One category involves the use of mechanical barriers to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include condoms worn on the penis or similar coverings used in the vagina.
2. Another category of contraceptives works by altering the hormonal balance in the body, pre-venting the release of eggs and fertilization
3. Commonly used hormonal contraceptives include oral pills, although they may have side effects.
4. Additionally, contraceptive devices like intrauterine devices (lUDs), such as the copper T, can be placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

Question 15.
What is meant by digestion ? Give the important steps in the process of protein digestion in man.
Answer:
The process of mechanical, enzymatic and chemical break down of ingested complex food material into s impler and soluble molecules is called digestion. In man, it starts from mouth and completes in the small intestine.

The digestion of protein in man starts in stomach. The gastric juice of stomach contains pepsin enzyme, hydrochloric acid and mucus. Pepsin enzyme converts complex protein molecules into smaller molecules – peptones in the presence of acidic medium which is due to hydrochloric acid. The mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of the acid under normal conditions.

In duodenum, pancreatic juice enzyme trypsin also acts upon protein molecules to convert it into peptides and peptones. In small intestine, intestinal juice enzymes convert proteins, pep¬tones and peptides into amino aicds. Proteins are absorbed as amino acids by the intestinal villi.

Section – IV (2 × 8 = 16 M)

Note:
1) Answer all the questions.
2) Each question carries 8 marks.
3) Each question has internal choice.

Question 16.
A)(a) What are two differences between holozoic nutrition and saprophytic nutrition? Provide two exampies for each type of nutrition.
(b) What are the functions of the liver and pancreas?
(c) Which organ in humans is responsible for:
1) Absorption of digested food?
2) Absorption of water?
(d) Why is bile essential for digestion even though it does not contain any enzymes?
Answer:
(a) Differences between Holozoic Nutrition and Saprophytic Nutrition

	Molozofc Nutrition	Saprophytic Nutrition
Ingestion	Involves ingestion of complex, solid food materials from other organisms or their parts	Involves obtaining nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter
Digestion Location	Digestion occurs internally within a specialized digestive system or cavity	Digestion occurs externally, where enzymes are secreted onto the organic matter
Exan pies	Humans, Lions	Fungi (e g., Mushroom), Decom-poser Bacteria

b) Liver Functions: The liver plays a role in various functions such as the breakdown of hemoglobin, production and secretion of bile for fat emulsification, synthesis of urea, production of heparin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin, detoxification of chemicals, and elimination of pathogens.

Pancreas Functions: The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes like lipase, trypsin, and amylase. It also produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon.

c) 1) Absorption of digested food? The ileum, which is a part of the small intestine.
2) Absorption of water? The large intestine.

d) Bile plays a crucial role in digestion despite not containing any enzymes. Its essential functions are:

Emulsificattion of Fat: Bile breaks down fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area and facilitating the action of lipase, an enzyme responsible for fat digestion.

Neutralization of Acidity: Bile helps neutralize the acidic chyme (partially digested food) that enters the small intestine from the stomach. It makes the food alkaline, creating an optimal envi-ronment for the action of pancreatic enzymes and other digestive enzymes.

(OR)
B) Describe the process of germination with the help of an experiment.
Answer:
To observe the process of germination in bengal gram seeds. Apparatus: Bengal gram (chana) seeds, water, cloth.

Procedure:

1. A few bengal gram seeds are taken and soaked in water over night.
2. Next day, the seeds are taken out, the excess water is drained and the seeds are covered in a wet cloth. They are kept like that for a day.
3. Next day the seeds are taken out. The seed coat is removed and the seeds are cut opened carefully and observed for different parts.

Observation :

1. The seed is covered by an outer thick coat.
2. It contains two cotyledons.
3. In between the cotyledons a newly formed structure is seen.

Inference: The newly formed structure is the embryo which develops into new plant. It has two parts.

1. The part of the embryo which is towards the top notch of the seed is called the plumule which develops into future shoot (stem).
2. The part of the embryo which is at the base is called the radicle which develops into future roots.

Conclusion: This experiment proved that the seed germinates into new plant.

Question 17.
A) Differentiate between
a) hormones and enzymes
b) endocrine glands and exocrine glands.
Answer:
(a)

hormones	Enzymes
1. They are produced by ductless glands (endocrine glands).	They are produced by glands which have ducts.
2. They may be proteinanceous, steroids or amines in nature.	These are always proteinaceous in nature.
3. They are specific chemical messen-gers which act on specific tissue or organ.	They are biocatalysts which regulate the rate of biochemical reaction.

(b)

Endocrine glands	Exocrine Glands
These glands do not have ducts and pour their secretions directly into the blood.	These glands have ducts which carry their secretions at the site of action.
They secrete chemical messengers called hormones.	They secrete biocatalysts called enzymes and some other juices.
Their secretions (hormones) help in control and coordination of the body.	Their secretions (enzymes) help in catalysing biochemical reactions (mostly digestion of food).

(OR)
B) A green stemmed tomato plant denoted by (GG) is crossed with a tomato plant with purple stem denoted by (gg).
(i) What colour of the stem would you expect in their F1 progeny?
(ii) In what ratio would you find the green and purple coloured stem in plants of F₂ progeny?
(iii) What conclusion can be drawn for the above observations?
Answer:
(i) All the plants in F₁ progeny will be of green coloured stem.

(ii) Cross for F₂ progeny is :

The phenotypic ratio will be 3 (green): 1 (purple).

(iii) From the above cross, it is confirmed tha recessive traits are not expressed in the F₁ generation as they are present in heterozygous condition whereas the recessive traits get expressed in F₂ generation in homozygous condition. This is known as the “law of dominance”.