Telangana SCERT 8th Class Social Guide Telangana Lesson 11B National Movement: The Last Phase 1919-1947 Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 8th Class Social Lesson 11B Questions and Answers – National Movement: The Last Phase 1919-1947
Question 1.
Create a table to show the various effects of Gandhiji in national movement. (Information skills)
| Event | Gandhiji’s role |
Answer:
| Event | Gandhiji’s role |
| Rowlatt Act | Gave a call for Satyagraha |
| Non – Co-operation movement | Campaign for people to spin their own cotton on a charka. |
| Civil Disobedience Movement | Decided to break the government laws(making salt very expensive) by manufacturing salt at Dandi. |
Question 2
The national movement fought against all attempts of the British government to deny democratic freedom and rights of the people. Give examples of the rights which the government tried to curtail and the movement launched against it. (Conceptual understanding.)
Answer:
| Rights which the government tried it to curtail | Movement launched against it |
| Rowlatt Act winch curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression etc. | Satyagraha Sabhas. |
| The government tried to convert Chirala Perala town into municipality and forced high taxes. | Chirala Perala movement. |
| Govemment salt laws (making salt very expensive for the common people). | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| British wanted to use the people and money of India for the Second World War. | Quit India Movement. |
Question 3.
To what extent was the Salt Satyagraha successful in its objectives? Give your assessment. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Salt laws were broken at many places and even women took part in the movement. The combined struggles of Indian people bore fruit when the Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed provincial autonomy. In this way, the objectives of Salt Satyagraha were achieved upto some extent.
Question 4.
Which of the following was pari of national movement: (Conceptual understanding.)
a) Picketing shops that sell foreign clothes
b) Hand-spinning thread to weave clothes
c) Burning imported clothes
d) Wearing khaddar
e) All the above
Answer:
option (e)
Question 5.
What were the different events that led to the partition’(Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Events that led to partition:
1. Muslim League moved a resolution in 1940 demanding “Independent States” for Muslims in northwestern and eastern areas of the country because the League viewed Muslims as a separate nation from Hindus.
2 The provincial elections of 1937 convinced the League that Muslims were a minority. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented.
3. The Congress’s reaction of The League’s desire to form a join. Congress – League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League.
4. The Congress did well in “General” constituencies but the Leagde’s success in ‘eats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. It persisted with its demand for “Pakistan”
5. In March 1946, the British cabinet sent a ti ‘ee member mi& ion (Straiord Cripps, Pethik Lawrence, and Alexander) to Delhi to examine this demand and to suest a political framework for a free India.
6. the mission suggest that India should remain ‘united but it could net get the Congress and Muslim League to agree to the proposal.
7. The Muslim League decided on mass agitation in support of’ its demand for Pakistan. It announced 16th August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”.
8. Piots broke out in Calcutta on this day which lasted for several days resulting in the death d many people.
9. The in 1947, Louis Mount Batten, was unable to resolve the differences between Muslim League ad Congress Party and once agreed that India would be split into?sAuslini controlled Pakistan and Hindus dominated.
10. India became independent on 15’ August 1947, while Pakistan celebrates its independence on 14th August.
Question 6.
Read the first paragraph under the heading ‘The Hoppenings of 1922-1929’ and answer this, ‘Gandhiji called off the movement after the violence. support it?’
Answer:
The Happenings of 1922-1929: Mahatma Gandhi as you know, was against violent movements. He abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movement When in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fier to a police station in Chauri Chaura. Twenty-two policemen were killed on that day. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired an their peaceful demonstration.
Answer:
Gandhiji always preached the principle of non-violence. Hence he called off the movement after the violence. If he had not called off the movement, then many more people would have been killed and conflicts between the peasants and police would have turned bitter.
Question 7.
Why did Quit India Movement become popular? (or) Write a brief note on Quit India Movement. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Quit India Movement – 1942:
- Britain wanted to use people and money of India for Second World War to which Congress demanded that India should be given self-rule in return. British denied it.
- Congress working committee met on August 8’ 1942 at Bombay and passed a resolution stating that British rule should end in India immediately.
- Gandhiji, Patel, Nehru, Maulana Azad, Rajendra Prasad, Kripalani and many others were arrested on August 9th, 1942.
- People protested all over the country because of which the movement turned violent. Ten lakh pounds worth of property was destroyed during this movement.
- In Midnapur, parallel government was set up by people in 1942 – 44 as the British authority disappeared in parts of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra etc.
- About 90000 people were arrested and 101K) killed in police firings in 1943.
- Unlike in earlier movements, Gandhi clearly called Indians for ‘do or die’ agitation. This movement brought the British Raj to its knees. So, Quit India movement became popular.
Question 8.
Prepare a timeline chart on Freedom Struggle from 1885 to 1947. (information skills)
Answer:
| Period | Event |
| 1885-1905 | Formation of Indian National Congress-The Moderate Phase |
| 1903 | Swadeshi Movement |
| 1905 | Division of Bengal & Vandemataram Movement |
| 1915 | Home Rule |
| 1914-1919 | First World War |
| 1919 | Rowlatt Act and Jalianwala Bagh Massacre |
| 1920 | Formation of Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS) and Communist Party of India |
| 1921 – 1922 | Non-Co-operation Movement |
| 1922 | Chauri Chaura incident |
| 1930-1932 | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| 1935 | Provincial Autonomy |
| 1942 | Quit India Movement |
| 1947 | Independence |
Question 9.
Did the fruits of sacrifices of many great leaders of Independence movement reach all the people? Share your opinion on this. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
1. Many great leaders of independent movements like Gandhi, Nehru, Vallabhai Patel, Subhash Chandra Bose, Prakasam Pantulu, Sarojini Naidu sacrifised their lives in bringing independence to our country.
2. They dreamed for equal ustice to all, equal treatment to all irrespective of caste, colour, religion and economic status. They wished a country where no corruption and no one dies of hunger and all will live with peace and harmony.
3. It is said that even today the cause of sacrifices of our leaders had not reached all the people.
a) Many poor people are starving for mood
b) Communal hatred grew more and there is no harmony or brotherhood.
c) Poor and weaker sections are still ill-treated in some parts of the country.
d) There are still atrocities on women.
e) Unemployment, social unrest, poverty etc are still threatening the country.
f) Corruption grew multi-folded.
However, compared to independence days, the country progressed well in man’s fields yielding fruits to the sacrifices of our leaders still there is much to be done to reach the sacrifices of our leaders to all.
Intext Questions
Textbook Page No:128
Question 1.
Do you think it is right to give the police such powers to suppress revolts? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I think police should not be given the right to suppress revolts. Revolts arise on account of the discontent of public towards government. The responsibility of the police is that it should make sure that no damage or harm is caused during the revolts. Even the public should protest peacefully but not in a violent manner.
Question 2.
Why do you think were people against such laws during the freedom movement? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
People were against the laws formulated by the British government which curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Freedom of expression is a birthright and no one has the right to restrict people’s basic freedom. Hence people were strictly against such laws during the freedom movement.
Question 3.
Find out more about Chirala Perala Movement and the Forest Satyagraha. Prepare a skit and enact it in the class. (Information skills)
Answer:
A play on Chirala Perala. Characters: Peasants like Rarnaiah, Subbaiah, some handweavers like Somaiah, Sivaiah, some laboures like Jakaraiah, Mariadas, leader Sri Duggirala Gopala Krishnaiah.
Peasants, handweavers, labourers are talking with Gopala Krishnaiah, Ramaiah, Somaiah, and Jakaraiah: Gopala Krishnaiah Garu! What is this? We hear we have to
pay increased taxes. Why?
Gopalakrishnaiah: Yes It is a overburden. The government upgraded Chirala to a Municipality, They increased the taxes abnormally.
All people: Sir, we are already overburdened. Where from to pay taxes?
Gopala Krishnaiah: We shall meet Chief Minister and express our problems. Let us ask to cancel the upgradation. (They all meet Chief Minister)
Chief Minister: Sorry! Chirala is made Municipality. ‘You have to pay the enhanced taxes.
(All the people under the leadership of Gopalakrishnaiah met Gandhiji for advice)
Gandhiji: It is meaningless to upgrade a small village to a Municipality. Don’t cooperate with the government. Don’t pay taxes. Do the agitation peacefully. You all leave Chirala. The Municipality gets cancelled.
Duggirala: Yes, Mahatma. We establish Ram Nagar on the outskirts of Chirala. All the people Living in Chirala vacate the place.
Media: What a wonder! Total residents banned the place and made Chirala a desert!
Skit on Forest Satyagraha:
(All the peasants gathered at the village center – Rachabanda).
Peasant 1, 2: What a pity! The British suppression is becoming too much. They are imposing unbearable rules and conditions.
Peasant 3: Yes. The forest departments newly asking us to pay fees for grazing our cattle in the forests,
Peasant 4 & 5: Grazing cattle in the forests is an old practice. How can they collect tax on the innocent cattle grazing?
Peasant I & 2: No, let us noi pay any fees. We follow Gandhira.
Peasant 3, 4: Yes. ¡f any cop comes, let us teach a gcsìd lesson,
Peasant 4 & 5: The British colonial is coming to an end. We take back control shortly on our forests. Jai Gandhi ji. Jai Bharat Mata.
Appreciation and Sensitivity
Write few lines about the following people.
Answer:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose: Subhash Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – unknown) also known as Netai (Bengali/Oriya/ Hindi): “Respected Leader”, was one of the most prominent indian nationalist leaders who attempted to gain India’s independence from British rule by force during the waring years of World War II with the help of the Axis powers.
2. Bhagat Singh : Bhagat Singh (28 September 1907- 23 March 1931) was an Indian nationalist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement, He ¡s often reterred to as Shaheed Bhagat Singh, the word “Shaheed” meaning martyr” in a number of Indian languages. Born in a Sikh family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj, as a teenager Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to anarchist and marxist ideologies.
He involved in numerous revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its main leaders, eventually changing itS name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.
3. J.B.Kripalani: Jivatram I3hagwandas Kripalani (11 November 1888 -19 March 1982), popularly known as Acharya Kripalani. was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947. During the election for the post of the future Prime Minister of India held by the Congress party, he had the second highest number of votes alter Sardar Patel. However, on Gandhi’s insistence, both Patel and Kripalani backed out to allow Jawuhar Lal Nehru to become the first Prime Minister of India. Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist, mystic and freedom lighter.
4. Abul Kalam Azad: Abul Kalam Muhivuddin Ahrned Azad (11 November 1888 -22 February 1958) was an Indian Muslim scholar and a senior political leader of the Indian independence movement. He was one of the most prominent Muslim leader, who opposed the partition of India because he thought Muslims would be more powerful and dominant in united India.
Following India’s independence, he became the first Minister of Education in the Indian government. He was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in 1992, He is commonly remembered as “Maulana Azad; he had adopted Azad (Free) as his pen name. His contribution to establish the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as “National Education Day” across India.
Additional Questions
Question 1.
What do you know about Communalism? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Communalism believes in the promotion of the interest of a particular religious community and not the general interests of all.
- It also believes that the state and government should be run keeping in mind the interest of that particular religious group.
- This is in contrast to nationalism which believes that the nation is above individual communities and represents the interest of all people including those who may not have any religion at all.
- This view is also called ‘Secular’ as it holds that the government should neither interfere in the affairs of a religion nor allow any religion to interfere with the government.
- It should treat all religions equally without favouring any one religion.
- This secular view is opposed to the communal view which seeks to promote the interests of one religion over the others and insists that governments abide by the needs of particular religions.
Question 2.
Write about Radical organizations. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
1. The period after 1940 was characterized by intensive activities of radical organizations like the Communist party, trade unions, women’s organizations. kisan satihas and dalit organsiations.
2. They mobilized the poor and marginalized peasants and workers, tribals and Dalits not only against the British but also against the local exploiters like moneylenders, factory owners and upper caste landlords.
3. They were keen that, in the new independent India their interests should be properly represented and their long years of suffering should end and they should get equal rights and equal opportunities.
4. The National movement which was till then dominated by upper-class people gained a new dimension and energy which eventually helped to throw out the British rule.
5. The under-tenants in Malabar, tenants in Tebhaga, vetti cases and cultivators in Telangana were the active participants in the movements of 1940s.
6. The Communists who were active in All India Kisan Sabha, a peasant front and intelligentsia through All India People’s Theatres Association and All India Students Federation led these movements from grass – root level.
7. They were a force to reckon with, which has hastened the British to come to negotiations and Quit India.
Reading the Text (given), understanding and interpretation
A. “Mahatma Gandhi spent his first year in india traveling throughout the country, understanding the people. their needs and the overall situation. His earlist interventions were in local movements in Champi Rim and Kheda where he led peasants in their struggles against unfizir terms and excessive taxes. In Ahmadabizd he led a successful mill workers’ strike in 1918. In these two movements, he also came into contact with many leaders who were to be his lfr long associates-people like Rajendra Prasad and Vallabhai, Patel”.
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
How did Gandhiji emerge as a mass leader?
Answer:
Gandhi, when he was 46 years old, arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa. In South Africa he led Indians in non-violent marches against racist rest-reactions He had already become a respected leader over the world His South African campaigns had brought him in contact with Hindus, Muslims, Parsis and Christians, Gujaratis, Tarnils and North Indians and Upper-class Merchants, Lawyers and workers.
Mahatma Gandhi spent 1915.1916 in India travelling throughout the country understanding the people, their needs, and the overall situation.
B) Meanwhile, in 1940 the Muslim League had moved a resolution demanding ‘Independent states for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
Why did the League ask for an autonomous arrangement for the Muslims of the Sub-continent?
Answer:
From the late 1930’s the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate ‘nation’ from the Hindus. In developing this nation it may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in 1920 and 1930.
Information Skills
A. Study the following table and answer the questions that follow.
| Topic | Definition |
| 1. Quit India Movement | Britain wanted to use people and money of India for Second World War to which Congress demanded that India should be given self rule in return, British denied it. Congress working committee met on August $th 1942 at Bombay and passed a resolution stating that “British Rule should end in India immediate1yGandhiji, Patel, Nehru, Maulana Azad, Rajendra Prasad, Kriplani and many others were arrested on August 91h, 1942. |
| 2. Indian National Army | In March 1944, the Indian Flag was hoisted in Kohima. But with the change of fortunes in the war, the launching of a counter-offensive by the British in the winter of 1944 – 45 and the final defeat of Japan in the Second World War the INA movement collaped. |
1. When was the Indian Flag hoisted in Kohima?
Answer:
March, 1944.
2. When did the Congress Working Committee meet?
Answer:
8th August 1942,
3. Who were arrested on August 9h’, 1942?
Answer:
Gandhiji, Patel, Nehru, Maulana Azad, Rajendra Prasad, Kriplani and many others were arrested on 9th August 1942.
4. Expand INA.
Answer:
Indian National Army.
B. Germany led by Hitler and his Nazi party wanted to gain control arer the whole world and declared war on Britain, and France. USSR, and other countries. USA joined on the side of England, France and USSR (called Allied Countries). Germany was supported fry Japan and Italy. One of the worst users in human history brutal out in 1939 and lasted till 1945 when USSR’s armies captured Berlin and the USA dropped atom bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in japan. Most people who cherished the values of democracy and freedom
opposed Hitler and supported the Allied Countries in the’ war. However, in India it created a dilemma as Indians wore at the same time fighting the British.
Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions.
1. Who was founder of Nazi party?
Answer:
Adolf Hitler.
2. What was the period of world war – II?
Answer:
1939 – 1945.
3. Who were Allied countries?
Answer:
U.S.A., USS.R., England and France.
4. Name the places in Japan ever which atom bombs dropped by USA.
Answer:
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Mapping Skills
Map Pointing:
Map the following places on India map.
1. Ahmadabad
2. Amritsar
3. Nagpur
4. Chirala
5. Labore
6. Dandi
7. Delhi
8. Bombay
Answer:
One Marks Questions
Question 1.
Who was responsible for Jalianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer:
General Dyer.
Question 2.
What were the early agitations of Gandhiji?
Answer:
Ahmadabad Satyagraha, Champaran Sat agraha and Kheda Satyagraha.
Question 3.
Expand INA?
Answer:
Indian National Army.
Question 4.
When did Quit India Movement started I
Answer:
1942.
5. Who led ‘Chirala – Perala Movement’?
Answer:
Sri Duggirala Gopala Krishnaiah.
Question 6.
‘SaIt Satyagraha’ was a pari of which movement?
Answer:
Civil Disobedience Movement.
Question 7.
Who organised the INA?
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose.
Question 8.
Naine sorne of the estremists.
Answer:
- Lala Laapat Rai
- Bala Gangadhar Tilak
- Bipinchandra Pal
Question 9.
When did India get Independence?
Answer:
1947, August 15.
Question 10.
What was the period of second world war?
Answer:
1939-1945,
Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
Gandhiji arrived in India in from South Africa.
A) 1910
B) 1915
C) 1920
D) 1925
Answer:
B) 1915
Question 2.
In Gandhiji gave a call for satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. ( )
A) 1919
B) 1920
C) 1942
D) 1947
Answer:
A) 1919
Question 3.
The Muslim League decided on mass agitation In support of its demand for Pakistan. It announced ………………………. as “Direct Action Day”. ( )
A) 16th August 1946
B) 15th August 1947
C) 14th August 1947
D) None
Answer:
A) 16th August 1946
Question 4.
In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on …………………….. . ( )
A) Italy
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Russia President
D) Turkish Sultan
Answer:
D) Turkish Sultan
Question 5.
The Muslim League dedded on mass agitation in support of its demand for ……………. . ( )
A) Pakistan
B) Hindustan
C) Bangladesh
D) Turkmenistan
Answer:
A) Pakistan
Question 6.
The Indian National Congress met at Lahore in 1929 under the leadership of ………………. . ( )
A) Gandhiji
B) Nehru
C) CR Das
D) Bhagat Singh
Answer:
B) Nehru
Question 7.
Salt Satyagraha related to this movement ( )
A) Non-co-operation movement
B) Civil disobedience movement
C) Quit India
D) Poona pact movement
Answer:
B) Civil disobedience movement
Question 8.
Hindu Mahasabha was formed in ……………….. year with the objective of uniting Hindus ( )
A) 1915
B) 1916
C) 1917
D) 1918
Answer:
A) 1915
Question 9.
Muslim league was formed in ……………….. year ( )
A) 1905
B) 1906
C) 1907
D) 1908
Answer:
B) 1906
Question 10.
The period of non-cooperation Movement was ( )
A) 1919-1920
B) 1920-1921
C) 1921-1922
D) 1922 – 1924
Answer:
B) 1920-1921
Question 11.
Who organised INA ………………… . ( )
A) Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu
B) Subhash Chandra Bose
C) Bagath Singh
D) Pitapuram Nageswara Rao
Answer:
B) Subhash Chandra Bose
Question 13.
Quit India Movement was held in ………………. year ( )
A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1942
D) 1943
Answer:
C) 1942
Question 14.
Do or Die slogan belonged to this movement ( )
A) Non-Cooperation Movement
B) Civil Disobedience Movement
C) Quit India Movement
D) Salt Satyagraha
Answer:
C) Quit India Movement
Question 15.
Founder of Indian National Army ( )
A) Lalalajapat Rai
B) Bipin Chandra Pal
C) Subhash Chandra Bose
D) Bala Gangadhar Tilak
Answer:
C) Subhash Chandra Bose
Question 16.
The period of Second World War ( )
A) 1914-1918
B) 1918 – 1930
C) 1938-1940
D) 1939-1945
Answer:
D) 1939-1945