Telangana SCERT 8th Class Social Study Material Telangana Pdf 8th Lesson Impact of Technology on Livelihoods Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 8th Class Social 8th Lesson Questions and Answers – Impact of Technology on Livelihoods
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Question 1.
Narahari created the following list of activities where technology is not used. Do you agree with him? If not give reasons for your answer. (Conceptual understanding)
a) While singing a song
b) While cooking idli
c) While performing drama on the stage
d) While making garland for sale
Answer:
I do not agree with Narahari because technology is used in all the activities listed by him.
Technology is something which we see and use everyday.
a) While singing a song we use mike, musical instruments.
b) While cooking idli we use stove, idli stand, grinder.
c) While performing drama on the stage we use mike, lighting, musical instruments.
d) While making garland for sale we use thread, needle.
Question 2.
Describe how the situation 04 labour has changed in power looms and mills. Do you think this change is beneficial to the labourers or to the owner? Give reasons for your answer. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The situation of labour in power looms and mills.
| Workers in Powerlooms | Workers in Mills |
| 1. Very low salary. | High salary. |
| 2. Payment on piece rate basis. | Monthly salary. |
| 3. If there is power-cut workers are not given salaries. | It is not so in mills. |
| 4. Trade unions do not exist. | Workers form trade unions. Employers negotiate for fixing wage rates. |
| 5. No health care, pension or other social security provisions. | Healthcare facilities, pensions and other provisions are present. |
Workers in power looms are facing many problems compared to workers in mills.
The government provides P.F. & E.S.l. facilities for workers in mills. So they have protection for their salaries and health. Where there is involvement and interference of government, where the workers are benefitted, here in mills. In power looms the involvement of government is less. So the workers are not benefitted.
Question 3.
a) What are the advantages of using CHs?Who benefits the most? Why do farmers
use CH? (or) (Conceptual understanding)
b) What are the advantages of using Combined Harvesters? Who do you think are receiving maximum benefit by using them? (Conceptual understanding) (Model Question given in Tes t Book Page No. 263 under Academic Standards)
Answer:
Combined Harvestor (CH) combines the activities of harvesting, threshing and winnowing.
Advantages of using CHs are
- CH helps in timely harvest of paddy
- It takes less time.
- It reduces crop loss.
- It helps farmers to tackle the peak-time labour shortage.
- It also saves from vagaries of weather.
- Farmers are able to sow the second crop without delay.
- Farmers’ dependency on labourers is reduced.
Large farmers are benefitted most. Farmers are using CH because they are able to save about one quintal of grain per acre, which would have been otherwise lost during manual harvesting.
Question 4.
Changes in technology lead to changes in job opportunities. Do you agree with this Statement? Why? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
I agree with the statement that changes in technology lead to changes in job opportunities.
Technology leads to a new way of producing the same goods or services.
- More jobs are created for raw material suppliers (Iron, coal). Using machines lead to more jobs i.e. demand for mechanics, drivers etc.
- When powerlines, combine harvesters, computers were first introduced, people thought that they would lose their jobs. It is true that some jobs will be lost but other new jobs will be created.
Question 5.
Prabhavathi feels that it is true that telephone technology has changed. She feels that new jobs are available only to educated persons. She also says that many people in India are not literate and hence modern technology is always biased to the educated. Do you agree with her? Give your reasons. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
It is true that change in technology made communication faster and easily available to all.
We had landline phone which was used to book a trunk call for talking to people outside.
Today mobile phones have come into use. This change has created many new jobs. I do not agree with Prabhavathis statement that technology is biased to the educated.
It is because telephone technology created new jobs which employs literates and illiterates to work in multinational companies.
- In production of mobile handsets.
- In telephone booths.
- Mobile sales.
- Repair and recharge I top-up coupons shops.
Question 6.
In this chapter, changes in technology in three sectors are discussed. In the following table identify a different example for each of these sectors that is not discussed here: (Information skills)
Answer:
Question 7.
Read the paragraph under the heading New Skills and New Jobs’ and answer the following: What are the newly created jobs for young people in your area (Reading flic text (given), understanding and interpretation)
New skills and new jobs
Many private companies including the government-owned ones provide both landline and mobile connections. Private corn prairies continue to expand their share in the tele communications services. Many companies are established in india to manufacture handsets. India to, manufacture handsets. These companies are now exporting to more than 80 countries around the world.
The telephone/Mobile technology also came up with the need for new skills. it created new jobs for young people to work in multinational Companies, producing mobile handsets, telephone booths, mobile sales, repair and recharge! top-up shops.
Answer:
New skills that created jobs for young people in our area are:
- Mobile phones sales
- Telephone booths
- Repair and recharge / top-up coupons shops
- Auto service
- Retail and wholesale textile shops etc.
Question 8.
Locate the following in the world map: (Mapping skills)
A) England
B) USA.
C) India
Answer:
Question 9.
The people who lise in forests and close to forests can not afford to use latest technology. What measures do you suggest for improving their lives?
Answer:
The people living in and around forest should be developed in their lives so that they can afford to use technology.
- New schools have to be opened to increase literacy rate. Adult education centres to be started.
- Social infrastructure like roads, health, electricity. communication facilities to be extended to them.
- New marketing strategies to be adopted for forest products, to increase their income.
- Employment schemes to be started to provide full employment.
Project
Mallaiah is a farmer in Sripuram village. There are about 100 houses in the village. today all the work like planting, weeding, harvesting, spraying pesticides and fertilisers is done by machines. In olden days it was all done manually. There are more than 33 tractors and about 15 harvesters available in his village.
A few of them are given on hire. The owners of the tractors charge Rs 300 per hour for tilling the fields. More and more farmers are not using these machines in their fields. Based on this information create a saIl paper with illustrations and possible discussions between different groups of people in the village.(information skills)
Answer:
a) Mr. Mallaiah: I need a tractor on hire
Tractor Owner : How many acres to be ploughed?
Mr. Mallaiah : 3 acres
Owner: For one hour, Rs. 300. When do you need?
Mr. Mallaiah: Today only.
Owner: 1 already agreed for others.
Mr. Mallaiah: 1 pay Rs. 400 per acre
Owner: ok. I will send tractor by evening.
b)
Tractor: Tractor is under repair.
Mechanic: What is the problem?
Owner: Tractors wheel is caught. It is not working.
Mechanic: Tractor lost bearings. It will cost Rs] 000/.
Owner: ok repair it. I have many works.
Mechanic: Not now, by evening I will do it.
c)
Old Man: In our days we used to do all these works manually.
Young Man: Which are the works?
Old Man: Sowing, ploughing, transplanting.
Young Man: Today we need not do all works.
Old Man: Yes, you all have machines now to help you.
d)
Farmer: Mastri. I need 30 labourers.
Mastri: For which work?
Farmer: For harvesting.
Mastri: Now we are not doing all these works.
Farmer: Why?
Mastri: Now combined harvesters have come.
Farmer: Is it available?
Mastri: Our charges are high. It will be ready by tomorrow morning.
Farmer: I can’t pay so much for labourers. I will wait for combined harvester.
Intext Questions
Textbook page no:88
Question 1.
Who were the contributors to this industrial revolution? (CU)
Answer:
The inventions contributed to the industrial revolution are
- The steam engine – James Watt
- Cotton gin – Eli Whitney, James Flargreaves (spinning gin)
- Telegraph – Samuel F.B.Mores
- Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
- Sewing Machine – Isac Singer
Textbook page no:89
Question 2.
How have computers changed life around you (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- When computers were first introduced, people thought that they would lose their jobs.
- But later it proved that other new jobs created. Eg: IT services, call centres, data analysis.
- Computers are of great benefit to students to acquire knowledge about recent developments taking place in the world.
- Computers save time. Eg: In railway reservations, bus reservations, banking shopping etc.
- No scope for frauds.
- Quality products to less rates can be obtained through Internet transactions.
Question 3.
Do you think technology has changed entertainment? How? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Yes, there is a great change in entertainment due to technology. Today entertainment is brought to our doorsteps in the form of TV, Radio, Home theatre and Internet. Cable TV brought many entertainment channels to us. Cinema is another mass entertainment, in place of traditional folk arts like Burrakatha etc.
III effects of technology:
- Folk arts are disappearing.
- Modem forms of entertainment are leading to ill effects,
Eg: Watching TV for too much time leads to obesity and distraction from studies.
Question 4.
Find out the story of the first steam engine. How did this lead to establishment of Railways in India? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Thomas Savery was an English military engineer and inventor who in 1698 patented the first crude steam engine, based on Denis Papin’s digestor or pressure cooker of 1679. He had been working on solving the problem of pumping water out of coal mines.
Thomas New Comen was an English blacksmith who invented the atmospheric steam engine, an improvement over Savery’s previous design in the year 1712. James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer was renowned for his improvements of the steam engine. The Railway Age dawned in India on 16-4-1853 when the first train ran from Bombay to Thana a distance of 21 miles.
Question 5.
Did you see solar energy being used in your neighbourhood, town or city? Make a shortlist. Why is this source of energy not used even more widely? Discuss. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
A. Solar energy is used in the following ways:
- Cooking food.
- Heating water.
- For domestic light for working of AC, invertor.
- In offices, shopping malls, big hotels.
- Lightening of street lights, working of traffic signals,
B. Solar energy is not used widely because of
- Lack of awareness among people about it.
- Initial cost of expenditure is high.
- Solar equipments are less available in the market.
- Less encouragement from government.
Textbook page no:92
Combined harvesters (CH) is one of the important machines used for paddy harvest. It harvests the crop, threshes and cleans the grain from chaff. As it combines the activities of harvesting, threshing and winnowing. it is called Combined Harvester,
Use of CFI helps in timely harvest cl paddy. It takes less time, reduces the crop loss and helps the farmers to tackle the peak time labour shortage. It also saves the crop from the vagaries of weather in coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. Further, the farmers are able to sow the second crop without much delay. Their dependency on labourers is also reduced.
A study on the use of CH in 2003 reported the following: Farmers are able to save about one quintal of grain per acre, which would have been otherwise lost during manual harvesting. Cl-I operators charge about Rs.1100-1400 per day so large farmers are able to earn money by hiring out their CH.
CH harvests paddy fields of about one acre in one hour. If this was done manually,5 agricultural labourers might have been required to work for 4 days. If 10 labourers were employed, they would complete the task in 2 days. Suppose, there are 250 agricultural labourers in a village which has 100 acres of paddy, if a Combined Harvester is used, it will complete the work in 55 days working 18 hours every day.
But each one of the 250 workers will lose 80 days of employment Extensive farm mechanisation is leading to displacement of labourers, Agricultural labourers and farmers working on others’ Fields lose out to machines used in the farm. If people are not getting sufficient employment opportunities in villages, where will they go? There is very little employment opportunity outside.
Question 6.
What are the advantages of using CH in agricultural production? Make a list on the basis of the above test. (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation & Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Yes, there is a great change in entertainment due to technology. Today entertainment is brought to our doorsteps in the form of TV, Radio, Home theatre and Internet. Cable TV brought many entertainment channels to us. Cinema is another mass entertainment, in place of traditional folk arts like Burrakatha etc.
III effects of technology:
- Folk arts are disappearing.
- Modem forms of entertainment are leading to ill effects,
Eg: Watching TV for too much time leads to obesity and distraction from studies.
Question 7.
In many villages agricultural labourers and women labourers in particular were found to be upset seeing the operation of CH. Why? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
Agricultural labourers, women labourers are upset seeing the operation of CH because,
- Extensive farm mechanisation is leading to displacement of labourers.
- Labourers working on others fields lose out to machines used in the (arm.
- If women and others are not getting sufficient work in villages where will they go? There is little employment opportunity outside.
Question 8.
List out the different jobs lost by agricultural labourers when Combined Harvesters are used. (Information skills)
Answer:
Combined Harvesters do the activities of harvesting, threshing and winnowing. So labourers are losing the job of
– harvesting the crop,
– threshing,
– winnowing-cleaning the grain from chaff.
Question 9.
Do you think it is appropriate to use CHs in India where a large section of people are working in the field of agriculture as labourers, are poor and there is a serious problem of rural unemployment?
Answer:
- There is loss of employment because of Combined Harvester. But it has many advantages and at the same time, new jobs are created. Eg: Workshops began to be established to repair the machines.
- Rural employment can be created in rural areas through infrastructure works.
Eg: Road construction etc - Tanks, bunds etc, can be constructed through labour-intensive schemes.
Eg: MGNREGA
Question 10.
It is argued that new Sobs can be created in rural areas through infrastructure works.
Link roads, tanks, bunds etc. can be constructed through labour-intensive schemes.
If you live in rural area find out if any such activities are being done and discuss if these will suffice the live’ needs of the people there.
Answer:
In rural areas activities undertaken for rural employment are:
- Under National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) .2005, 100 days of employment every year.
- Construction of link roads, tanks, bunds etc.
- Raising social forestry.
- Repair of canals, drainage etc.
Text Book Page No. ‘95
Question 11.
The production of cloth is classified into 4 categories as mill, handlooms …………….. and …………….. . (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
hosiery and power looms.
Question 12.
……………… state had the largest number of handlooms in 1988 ……….. state had the largest number in 2009. Which state had the lowest number of handlooms in 2009?
Answer:
- Tamil Nadu
- Tamil Nadu
- Punjab
Question 13.
The …………………. pays the worker a salary while the …………………. pay the workers on rate.
Answer:
mill, power looms, piece.
Text Rook Page No.97
Question 14.
Find out the current rates of phone calls and discuss reasons for the difference in the rates for between companies and why they are decreasing? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
- The changes in telephone technology brought down the cost of communication.
- The rates differ, per minute they charge 20 paise to I Rupee.
- Reasons for decrease of rates
a) Stiff competition among different telecom companies.
b) The number of mobile subscribers increased.
c) Latest technology in telecom industry brought down the cost of communication.
Additional Questions
Question 15.
Read the paragraph ‘New skills and new jobs’ of page no. 97. Write the three important things you understood by reading this paragraph. Do you agree or differ with them? Explain why? (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
New skills and new jobs
1. Many private companies including the government-Owened ones provide both landline
and mobile connections. Private companies continue of expand their share in the
telecommunication services. Many companies are being established in India to manufacture handsets. These companies are now exporting to more than 80 countries around the world.
The telephone/ mobile technology also came up with the need for new skills. It created new jobs for young people to work in multinational corn ponies, producing mobile handsets, telephone booths, mobile soles, repair anti recharge/top-up shops.
Answer:
- Prior to 1990, there were only landline phones and that too were provided by government sector only. Now, both government and private companies are providing landline and mobile connections.
- The need for new skills in telephone / mobile technology needed new skills and thus new jobs are created.
- More jobs are created for producing mobile sets, repairs, recharging and top-up coupon shops.
- The manufactured hand sets are exported to more than 80 Countries in the world.
I agree with the above as
- The liberalisation policy of government helped in revolution in communication sector.
- They provided numerous jobs.
- They helped in earning foreign exchange through exports and thus improving the economy.
Question 2.
Use of machinery also changed the nature of work done by agricultural labourers, They are required to drive tractors for various agricultural operations. irrigating fields using pump sets, use of sprayers, applying fertilisers, work with harvesters and threshers. In many small towns workshops began fo be established lo repair agriculture, machinery
which led to creation of new Jobs.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
Is it necessary to create new jobs ¡n rural areas? How can we create?
Answer:
Yes, It is argued that new jobs can be created in rural areas through infrastructure works. Link roads, tanks, bunds etc. can be created through labour-intensive scheme.
Information Skills
A. Read the graph and answer the following:
1. What was the production of food grains in the period between 1961-75?
Answer:
it is 101 mil. tonnes per year.
2. What was the production of food grains in the period between 1991-2009?
Answer:
It is 229 mil, tonnes per ear.
3. Give reasons for high yield in agricultural production.
Answer:
a) Use of modem technology.
b) Use of machines, Fertilisers, pesticides.
c) Farmers began to cultivate twice in a year.
Observe the above graph and answer the following questions.
1. In India how many telephone connections were there in urban areas in 1995- 96 per 100 persons?
Answer:
Four telephone connections.
2. How many telephone connections were there in urban areas in 2011-2012
per 100 persons?
Answer:
One hundred and siðv seven.
3. In which year onwards rural telephone connections increased?
Answer:
2008 – 2009
4. In 2002 – 2003 how many rural telephone connections were there per 100 persons?
2011-2012
Answer:
Only one.
One Marks Questions
Question 1.
What does mean by ‘Invention’?
Answer:
A new method of production.
Question 2.
Who introduced ‘Assembly line’?
Answer:
Henry Ford of America introduced Assembly line.
Question 3.
In which states of India large number of power loom units are there?
Answer:
Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Gujarath.
Question 4.
When did mobile phone facilities were introduced in India?
Answer:
1995.
Question 5.
Which state had the largest number of handlooms in 1988?
Answer:
Tamilnadu.
Objective type Questions
Question 1.
Technology is the practical application of knowledge. Examples are: ……………….. . ( )
A) TV
B) Computer
C) Mobile Phone
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 2.
Which is responsible for changes in production process in factories? ( )
A) X-Ray Machine
B) TV
C) Radio
D) Steam Engine
Answer:
D) Steam Engine
Question 3.
Assembly line method of production is started by ( )
A) Henry Ford
B) Suzuki
C) Hindusthan Motors
D) Rolls Royce
Answer:
A) Henry Ford
Question 4.
Examples of communication technologies are ( )
A) Radio
B) TV
C) Computers
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 5.
Traditional implements used in Indian agriculture ( )
A) Wooden plough
B) Sickle
C) Spades
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 6.
Combined Harvester is useful for ( )
A) Harvesting
B) Threshing
C) Cleaning
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 7.
In employment generation textile industry occupies ……………… position in India. ( )
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Answer:
B) second
Question 8.
Powerloom production in India was introduced by ( )
A) Portuguese
B) French
C) British
D) Indians
Answer:
C) British
Question 9.
Power looms in our country in 1940 were ( )
A) 40,000
B) 50,000
C) 30,000
D) 20,000
Answer:
A) 40,000
Question 10.
Which state had the lowest number of handlooms in 2009? ( )
A) Tamilnadu
B) Punjab
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Karnataka
Answer:
D) Karnataka
Question 11.
Henry Ford belongs to this country ………………… . ( )
A) U.S.A.
B) U.SS.R.
C) U.K.
D) Canada.
Answer:
A) U.S.A.
Question 12.
After Independence the government built ………….. and provide inigation facilities ( )
A) Tube wells
B) Tanks
C) Dams
D) Lift irrigation schemes
Answer:
D) Lift irrigation schemes
Question 13.
Many textile artisans protested violently against the new power looms in England in this century ………………… . ( )
A) 16th
B) 17th
C) 18th
D) 19th
Answer:
D) 19th
Question 14.
Combined Harvester is one of the important machines used for ……………. . ( )
A) wheat
B) maize
C) jowar
D) paddy
Answer:
D) paddy
Question 15.
A tremendous change in the method of production during their century ( )
A) 16th, 17th
B) 17th, 18th
C) 18th, 19th
D) 19th,20th
Answer:
C) 18th, 19th