TS 8th Class Social Study Material 6th Lesson Minerals and Mining

Telangana SCERT 8th Class Social Study Material Telangana Pdf 6th Lesson Minerals and Mining Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Social 6th Lesson Questions and Answers – Minerals and Mining

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Question 1.
Draw a flow chart showing the visit to the underground mining. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
We reach the entrance of the mine:
Entrance of the Mine
↓Entered lift.
Left went down
↓ Reached 500 It.
Narrow Tunnel (Mineshaft, Cool Seam or Coal layer)
↓Walked to.
Coal drilling area or face’ (Drilling holes using pneumatic air compressor)
↓ Coal is broken
Transportation (Through Conveyor belts) to (Ground) level
↓
Grading of coal
↓
Loading into trucks and railway wagons
↓
Thermal Power Plants

Question 2.
Create a table to classify major health challenges; precautions; and care taken towards protecting mine workers as follows: (Information skills)
1. While working in the mines
2. While being employed.
Answer:
1. While working in the mines.

Challenges	Precaution	Care taken
1) As workers go down towards and layer tunnel may fall down or get flooded by water or there can be fire and suffocation due to poisonous gases.	Elaborate safety arrangements are developed by mine administration.	1) Safety kit is used while working.
2) During blasting the blast can bring down the entire mine face causing death of the miners.		2) Wooden and Iron supports are arranged to support roof so that it may not fall.
2. While being employed 1. The workers are not only exposed to accidents but constantly inhale coal dust which causes the dreaded Black lung disease, a form of TB.	Director General of Mines safety monitors safety aspects and periodical medical examinations.	1. Employees below 45 years will have thorough routine check-ups every 5 Years. Above 45 years with have it every 3 years. 2. Miners with black lung disease are transferred to a different department over the ground.

Question 3.
Narrate the difference in requirement of labour ¡n mine while using machines and human labour. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. Mining provides livelihood for nearly IL) lakh people in India and over one lakh people in Telangaria Majority of work is underground mining.
2. In the open pit mines, almost all work is done by machines – shovels, bull-dozers, machine dumpers. Women is given work in the open pit mine, Very few people are employed.

Question 4.
See the map of Telangana showing minerals ¡n this chapter (Minerals and Mining) and identify the minerals found in your district. (Mapping Skills)

Answer:

District	Minerals
1. Adilabad	Coal, Limestone
2. Jagitial	Coal
3. Nizamabad	Granite, Iron ore
4. Karimnagar	Limestone
5. Peddapalli	Iron ore
6. Jayashankar	Coal, Granite
7. Warangal Rural	Limestone
8. Sangareddy	Granite
9. Vikarabad	Granite
10. Yadadri	Granite, Limestone
11. Mahabubnagar	Barytes, Limestone
12. Badradri	Coal, Barytes, Granite, Limestone, Mica
13. Khammam	Iron ore

Question 5.
Read the paragraph under the heading ‘To whom do the minerals belong’ and answer the following: (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Minerals usually occur deep in the earth. They in hut do not belong to any particular owner but belong to all people of the country and have to be used in everyone’s interest. That is why all rural wealth of a stale is considered the property of the government.

The government uses the naturals keeping in mind the interests of all people of the country.
The minerals do not belong to any particular person but they belong to all people. How do you justify? (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Answer:
Yes. The minerals do not belong to any particular person, but they belong to all people.
Minerals usually occur deep in the earth. They in fact belong to all people of the country and have to be used in everyone’s interest.

Question 6.
Look at the image below. There are two different statements made by two different people. What aspect of mining are they talking about? (Conceptual understanding)

Answer:
One person says

1. ‘We cannot live because of minerals
   – He is a victim of over-exploitation of minerals and serious environmental problems like pollution of water sources, choking of rivers.
2. The second person says ‘We cannot live without minerals – He represents the private mining companies. Private companies are operating them and making good profits. They are least worried about the pollution and other problems.

Question 7.
How are minerals helping the country in development? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:

1. Anything which we obtain naturally from under the earth(which is not in the form of plants or animals) is a mineral.
2. India is fortunate in having a variety of mineral resources.
3. Any country’s economic development depends on industrialisation, transport and communication.
4. When a country has abundant mineral resources, it helps for establishing industries.
5. Moreover, minerals help to earn foreign exchange by foreign frade.
6. Minerals also provide vast employment opportunities involving digging, processing, and transportation of them. Thus minerals help in the multi-folded development of country.

Question 8.
Prepare a table showing different minerals and their uses. (information skills)
Answer:

Mineral	Uses
1. Iron	Used in making steel machinery, tools and weapons and also used for the many other purposes in constructions and transport.
2. Manganese	Used in the production of steel and its alloys, in the manufacture of black enamel in the chemical industries for the manufacturing of bleaching powder and in electrical, glass. leather and metal industries and in photography.
3. Bauxite	Used to produce aluminium which in turn, is used in aircraft, automobiles, ships, utensils, railways, photographic materials, electrical goods and building utensils.
4. Copper	Used in electrical industries for making brass, coins and utensils.
5. Lead and Zinc	Zinc is used with copper for brass and lead is used in the manufacture of storage batteries, paints, ammunition and in gasoline.
6. Chromite	It widely used in metallurgical, refractory and chemical industries. it is used for the manufacture of special steels and stainless steel.
7. Gold	A large quantity is used for the manufacture of jewellery dentistry and decorative articles and also used in the monetary system.
8. Silver	Used in making ornaments, utensils and chemicals.
9. Tungston	Used for the manufacture of ferroalloys and hard-cutting tools. Used in paints, ceramics, textiles and electric bulb filaments.
10. Tin	Used in electrical goods industry and pharmaceutical industry.
11. Mica	Used in electrical and electronic industries.
12. Limestone	Used in a wide range of industries like cement, iron and steel chemical sugar, fertilizers.

13. Gypsum	Used in manufacture of cement and ammonium sulphate (fertilizer industry).
14. Apatite	Used in manufacture of phosphate fertilizers.
15. Barytes	Used in paint, paper, textile and leather industries.
16. Asbestos	Used in the manufacture of asbestos cement products like pipes, tiles, slates, sheets and also crude boiler laggings, thermal insulation coverings etc.
17. Graphite	Used in foundries, atomic reactors and in the manufacture of graphite crucibles, lead pencils, lubricants and paints.
18. Kyantie	Used in ceramic and refractor industrial and also in metallurgical, electrical and cement
19. Magnesite	Used as a refractory material in iron and steel industry.
20. Sillimanite	Used in the manufacture of electric porcelains and sparking plugs.
21. Steatite	Used in number of industries like cosmetics, ceramics, paints, paper, soap etc.
22. Dolomite	Used in metallurgical and refractory industries.
23. Diamond	Used for ornaments.
24. Salt	Used very widely in food and other industries.
25. Coal	Coal is one of the important sources of energy accounting for about 67% of total energy consumption in the country. It was largely used in railways’ iron and steel industry and for generation of thermal power and domestic fuel.
26. Lignite	it is low-grade inferior coal containing much moisture which can be largely used for generation of thermal power and domestic fuel.
27. Petroleum	Used heavily in transportation and for the production of various petrochemical products.
28. Natural gas	It is being used mainly as feedstock for core sector industries like power and fertilizer.
29. Uranium	Used in the generation of nuclear power.
30. Thorium	In the production of nuclear energy.
31. Monazite	Used in the manufacture of incandescent gas mantles, radio tubes and pyrophoric alloys.

Intext Questions

Question 1.
Can you imagine a world in which we cannot run motors or trains? (C.U.)
Answer:
No, it is very difficult to imagine a world in which we cannot run motors or trains.

Question 2.
Can you think of some mineral which renews itself and we can help to increase it? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Groundwater which we get from wells or tube well is a mineral which renews itself and we can also help to increase it. Through afforestation, soak pits ( in kudu guntalu) and by constructing check dams to the streams.

Question 3.
Can you think of some source of energy which will not diminish as we use it, which will keep renewing itself even if we don’t do anything? (CU.)
Answer:
Solar energy will not diminish with our use of it.

Question 4.
Classify the following natural objects into renewable and non-renewable resources. Put a tick (✓) against those which are minerals and cross (✗) those which are not minerals. Bamboo, Coal, Sea Water, Mud, Ants, Sand, Iron Ore, Diamond, Trees, Petroleum, Grass, Air, Marble rock, Fishes, Well water, Sunshine. (Information skills)

Renewable resource	Non-renewable resource	Minerals
1. Bamboo		✗
2	Coal	✓
3
4

Answer:

Renewable resource	Non-renewable resource	Minerals
1. Bamboo		✗
2. Coal		✗
3. Air		✓
4. Sunshine		✓
5. Sea Water		✗
6. Mud		✓
7. Ants		✗
8. Sand		✗
9. Trees		✗
10. Grass		✓
11. Fishes		✓
12. Well Water		✓
13.	Petroleum	✓
14.	Iron ore	✓
15.	Marble rock	✓
16.	Diamond	✓

Question 5.
Can you classify the following minerals into metallic, non-metallic and energy sources? Iron ore, bauxite (aluminium ore), coal, copper ore, limestone, gypsum, mica, groundwater, petroleum, rock salt, sand, gemstones. (information Skills)

Metallic	Non-metallic	Energy resource

Answer:

Metallic	Non-metallic	Energy resource
Iron ore	Lime	Coal
Copper ore	mica	Water
Bauxite	Gypsum	Petroleum
Sand	Salt
	Gemstone

Text Book Page No. 64

Question 6.
Look at the mineral map of Telangana and fill this table: (Information skills)

District	Mineral

Answer:
One person says

1. ‘We cannot live because of minerals
   – He is a victim of over-exploitation of minerals and serious environmental problems like pollution of water sources, choking of rivers.
2. The second person says ‘We cannot live without minerals – He represents the private mining companies. Private companies are operating them and making good profits. They are least worried about the pollution and other problems.

Text Book Page No. 65

Question 7.
look at the following pictures and guess the open cast mine, underground mine and drill mining for oil. (Fig. 6.1, 6.2a, 6.3) (Appreciation and Sensitivity)

Answer:
Fig. 6.1 – Drill Mining for Oil.
Fig. 6.2(a) – Open Cast Mining.
Fig. 6.3 – Underground Mining.

Question 8.
If there is mining activity going on in your area, find out about the people who work nd live there and also about how it affects the environment around the area. Also find out about how many people benefit from it. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
About the people who work in mines.
1. The work of miners is very hazardous, as they are constantly exposed to accidents besides breathing in poisonous substances which cause long-term health damage.
Affect of mining activity on environment:
1. It disturbs surface area – means cutting down forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits.
2. Pollutes water sources.
3. Choking of rivers.
It provides livelihood for nearly lo lakh people in India.

Text Book Page No. 66

Question 9.
How does the government use the minerals (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
1. Government is widely using minerals in various industrial minerals Like iron ore in manufacturing of steel.
2. Limestone is used in preparation of cement,
3. Different types of tiles and flooring marbles are prepared from granite.

Text Book Page No. 67

Question 10.
Discuss the pros and cons of allowing private companies to mine our minerals. How do you think can they be regulated? How do you think can the environmental concerns can be taken care of? (CU)
Answer:
The government allowed private companies to lease mines. So, there is a boom in mining during the last twenty years. It increased number of mines, minerals mined, and employment in mining.

On the other hand, it led to uncontrolled mining, negligence of environmental and safety measures.

Government can regulate by collecting royalty for the minerals extracted and encourage companies to bring in new technologies.
Environmental concerns can be taken care et by proper disposal of pits in open-cast mining to avoid choking of rivers etc.

Question 11.
If all people of the country are the real owners of the mineral resources, how can we ensure these resources they are used for the benefit of all? (C.U)
Answer:

1. Industries can be established in the areas in which mineral sources available abundantly.
2. As a result employment can be provided to the local people.
3. Basic infrastructure of the area can be provided those areas.

Question 12.
Do you think that the generations to come, that is our children and our grandchildren too should be able to use these resources? How can we ensure that they are available to them too and not exhausted? (Information skills)
Answer:

1. The government should bring in new and more sophisticated technologies for mining.
2. Proper survey has to be conducted and find out about new deposits of minerals.
3. Over-exploitation has to be controlled.
4. More renewable sources should be used.

Text Book Page No. 68

Question 13.

Answer:
a) Can you name these instruments?
Answer:
Safety lamp, belt, helmet, stick.

b) What is the use of the stick?
Answer:
Stick is used in underground mining when the workers go down about 500ft. below the ground level.

c) Why is there a light on the helmet?
Answer:
There is an adjustable light on the helmet to show the way in the underground. As the mine equipment holds in both the hands, light shows the path.

d) Did you identify the lamp in the picture? What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
In the picture we see the safety lamp. This serve the purpose of leading the miner in the underground.

Text Book Page No. 71

Question 14.
How do you think this dilemma can be resolved? Is it fair to produce coal at a low pike when it causes the loss of livelihood, lands and damages the environment? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
No, it is not tair to produce coal at a low price causing damage to livelihood, lands and environment.
Open-cast mining is causing irreparable damage to earth, rivers, groundwater. So other alternatives can be used.

Text Book Page No. 73

Question 15.
Why do you think SCCI. employs contract workers?
Answer:
I think, when SCCL needs excess production on that time only company employs contract workers.

Question 16.
What could have happened to farmers who left their lands in the mining area?
Answer:
The farmers who had to leave their lands were compensated with lands elsewhere and some of them were given jobs in mines.

Question 17.
Do you think it is necessary to use heavy machinery and equipments in open-cast mining?
Answer:
i) Yes. I think it is necessary to use heavy machinery and equipment in open-cast mining.
ii) Because in this mining heavy machinery like bulldozers, motor graders, shovels, drills etc., should be useful to extract minerals.

Question 18.
Why only males are employed in open-cast mine?
Answer:
Males only employed in open-cast mines because they have only energy to run heavy machinery’.

Question 19.
What is more important – reduce cost of production or protect the environment from pollution?
Answer:
Protect the environment from pollution is very important.

Question 20.
What would have happened if only regular employees are recruited in this time?
Answer:
i) The work in mines totally depends upon technology and skill.
ii) If the employee is a regular one, he feels responsibility in his work.

Additional Question

Question 21.
What aspects of regulations in the mining by the government do you agree with? And why? (Appreciation/ Sensitivity)
Answer:
Regulations in mining the government –
1. In 1970s the government took over all mines, owned and operated most of the mines.
2. A new national mineral policy was announced in 1993, and the government allowed private companies to lease mines and operate them.
I agree with 1970s government ownership of the mines because
– It controls the extent of mining so that there is no overexploitation or use of methods which are harmful to people.
– Mining takes place for public benefit.

Read the paragraph ”At the time ……………… of the workers” and answer the following question.
Answer:
At the time of independence mines were mostly owned operated by private owners and companies Thea, were interested only in getting as much as possible in short time and
did not care for proper development of the mines or about the safety of the workers”.
To whom do the Minerals belong?
Answer:
The minerals do not belong to any particular owner but belong to all people of the country and have to be used in everyone’s interest. That is why all mineral wealth of a state is considered the property of the government. The government uses the minerals keeping in mind the interests of all people of the country.

Read the paragraph “There is only ……………… of energy” and answer the following question.

B. “There is only a limited amount of, minerals available on the earth. If we finish them then there will not be any more of it. These are’ called non-renewable sources of energy.
Eg :- coal’

Give five ways in which you can save energy at home?
Answer:

1. Switching of lights when not in use.
2. Keeping gas off when not in use.
3. Repair of equipment regularly.
4. Not switching on lights during daytime.
5. Always replacing the wire fittings when they are aged.

Mapping Skills

i) Mark any four coal belt areas in the outline Map of Telangana.
Answer:

ii) Mark the districts with barytes minerals.
Answer:

Map Reading

1. In which district do we find maximum minerals?
Answer:
Badradri district.

2. Name the mineral available in Vikarabad district.
Answer:
Granite.

3. In which districts do we find limestone?
Answer:
Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal rural. Yadadri. Badradri and Mahabuobnagar.

4. What is the symbol used to represent Barytes in given map?
Answer:
Δ

5. What does the symbol represent in the above map?
Answer:
Mica.

Information Skills

Mineral name	Uses
i) Bauxite	i) Aluminium is extracted From bauxite ores ii) It is used in making aircrafts, utensils, electrical wires etc.
ii) Mica	i) It is a shins’ mineral ii) Used in electrical and electronic industry iii) It is a non-conductor of electricity and heat
iii) Chrome	i) It is used For preparing stainless steel utensils ii) It is also used For storing industrial liquids like acids
iv) Asbestos	i) It is a heat-resistant mineral ii) It is used for household roofing.

Read the above table and answer the following questions.

1. Which is a shiny mineral?
Answer:
Mica.

2. Which mineral is useful for making aircrafts?
Answer:
Bauxite.

3. What is the use for asbestos?
Answer:
It is used for household roofing.

4. Which mineral is used for storing industrial liquids?
Answer:
Chrome.

5. Which is extracted from bauxite ores?
Answer:
Aluminium.

One Mark Questions

Question 1.
Expand SCCL.
Answer:
Singareni Collieries Company Limited.

Question 2.
What is meant by underground mining?
Answer:
Mining done through tunnels dug under the ground.

Question 3.
Which is extracted from bauxite ores?
Answer:
Aluminium.

Question 4.
Which mineral is known as shiny mineral?
Answer:
Mica.

Question 5.
Name some of the non-renewable resources.
Answer:
Coal, petroleum.

Question 6.
Name some of the metallic resources.
Answer:
Iron-ore, Bauxite and Copper ores.

Question 7.
When did new National mineral policy was announced?
Answer:
1993.

Question 8.
Where did we find gold mine in India?
Answer:
Kolar, Karanataka State,

Question 9.
Which mineral is used in making of glass and ceramic ware?
Answer:
Feldspar.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of minerals? ( )
A) They are created by natural process
B) They have a definite chemical composition
C) They are inexhaustible
D) Their distribution is uneven
Answer:
C) They are inexhaustible

Question 2.
Metallic minerals contain the following in raw form ( )
A) Fuels
B) Metals
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer:
B) Metals

Question 3.
Which of these is a non-metallic mineral? ( )
A) Iron ore
B) Bauxite
C) Limestone
D) Manganese ore
Answer:
C) Limestone

Question 4.
Aluminium is extracted from ( )
A) Mica
B) Bauxite
C) Iron
D) Sand
Answer:
B) Bauxite

Question 5.
Barium is extracted from ( )
A) Asbestos
B) Chrome
C) Barytes
D) Lime
Answer:
C) Barytes

Question 6.
………………… is the only gold mine in India ( )
A) Bombas’ high
B) Digboi
C) Kolar
D) Nyveli
Answer:
C) Kolar

Question 7.
………………….. is a shiny material ( )
A) Mica
B) Bauxite
C) Coal
D) Diamond Stone
Answer:
D) Diamond Stone

Question 8.
Find the true one ……………….. .
A) Chrome-air crafts
B) Asbestos-heat resistant
C) Mica – making of glass
D) feldspar – electric wires
Answer:
B) Asbestos-heat resistant

Question 9.
In ……………… year Indian government took over all mines ( )
A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980
Answer:
C) 1970

Question 10.
The private companies were to pay a …………… to the government for the minerals they extracted and sold ( )
A) rent
B) interest
C) wega
D) royalty
Answer:
D) royalty

Question 11.
In ………………… district there are no coal deposits ( )
A) Khammam
B) Karimnagar
C) Ranga Reddy
D) Warangal
Answer:
A) Khammam

Question 12.
…………………….. country has one of the largest reserves of barytes mineral in the world ( )
A) U.S.A.
B) U.S.S.R
C) U.K
D) India
Answer:
B) U.S.S.R

Question 13.
…………………. prevents oxidation and degradation of coal and also to enhance reflection and give us light to see walls of the mine ( )
A) Chrome
B) Bauxite
C) Dolomite
D) Mica
Answer:
C) Dolomite

Question 14.
…………………… is a renewable resource ( )
A) Sun
B) Wind
C) Ocean waves
D) All of these
Answer:
A) Sun

Question 15.
……………………. is a non-renewable resource ( )
A) Coal
B) Sun
C) Wind
D) Waves
Answer:
A) Coal