TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 8 Social Solutions 23rd Lesson Sports: Nationalism and Commerce Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 8th Class Social 23rd Lesson Questions and Answers – Sports: Nationalism and Commerce
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Question 1.
Correct the fake statements: (Conceptual understanding)
a. Colonial rulers promoted Cricket to be played between nations that were under their power.
b. People adopted the game to become Westernised.
c. Indian villagers played cricket. (F)
d. Cricket was introduced in schools to bring good manners.
Answer:
a.
- Yes, cricket remained limited to countries that had once been part of the British empire. In British colonies cricket was made popular either by white settlers (as in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Australia, Newzealand, the West Indies and Kenya) or by local elites who wanted to copy the habits of their colonial masters as in India.
- Playing cricket in occupied areas was viewed as sign of superior, social and racial status.
b. Yes. People adopted the game to become Westernised, The game become popular in India as local elites wanted to copy the habits of their colonial masters.
c. False. Indian villagers were used to play Kahadi, Khokho etc.
d. Yes. Britishers saw cricket as an organised way of teaching English boys the discipline, the skills, the codes of honour, the leadership qualities and gentlemanliness. It was introduced in schools to mould boys into ideal citizens.
Question 2.
Write a short note on Gandhiji’s views on other sports and cricket. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Gandhiji emphasised that games like Cricket and Hockey were imported into India by the British and were replacing traditional games.
- He opines that sound body with spirit is not made on the football field, they are made on cornfields and farms.
- Gandhiji was of the opinion that India has many noble indigenøus games ¡ust as interesting and exciting as Football or Cricket, They are also inexpensive.
- Mahatma Gandhi condemned the Pentangular tournament because he viewed it as a tournament organised to propagate communal disharmony. It was totally out of tune at a time when nationalists were frying to unite India’s diverse population.
Question 3.
Give brief explanations for the following by reading the lesson:
a. The Parsis were the first Indian community to set up a cricket club in India.
b. The significance of the shill of the ICC headquarters from London to Dubai. (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Answer:
a.
- The Parsis were the first Indian community to set up a cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848 because of their close contact with the British due to their interest in frade.
- They become the first Indian community to westernise and develop interest in the game.
- Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias.
- A Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana club, only club of cricket in 1889.
b.
- The break-up of the British empire and globalisation changed the balance of power in Cricket.
- Since India has the largest viewership for the game among Cricket-playing nations and the largest market in the cricketing world the game’s centre of gravity has shifted to South Asia.
- The shift was symbolised by the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to tax-free Dubai.
- The shifting of headquarters symbolised and formally marked the end of English or imperialist domination over the game.
Question 4.
Find out the history of anyone local sport. Ask your parents or grandparents about how this game was played in their childhood. Find out whether it is played in the same way now. Try and think of the historical forces that might account for the changes. (information skills)
Answer:
- My parents and grandparents played ‘Kabaddi in their childhood. It is one of the traditional popular games in India. It was only about 10 years ago it began to be played at international levels.
- The game’s pattern changed over the years.
- Under one form of kabaddi, which is played based on points scored br both sides. There is no ‘out and revival system but time is the deciding factor. In another form of kabaddi, players are put out and revived.
- The present form of kabaddi is a synthesis of all these forms of kabaddi with a good number of changes in the rules and regulations.
Changes:
- Some major changes include the introduction of the unproductive raid rule, time-out system, bonus line game etc., that did not change the basic structure of the game but all the same had a lot of impact.
- Despite the changes in rules of the game from time to time, basic playing principles have remained the same. The simplicity of its rules have been one of the most important factors that have made sport so popular.
Question 5.
How have advances in technology, especially television technology influenced the development of contemporary cricket? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
- Advances in technology, especially television technology, have affected the development of contemporary cricket by broadening the viewership and popularity of the game.
- The worldwide reach of satellite television has widened the audience for Cricket.
- The presence of a wide range of mass audiences has made Cricket a money-making venture for advertisers, TV channels and Cricket boards.
- Cricketers too have benefited from the way the Cricket has been marketed through the media. Their better earnings and celebrity status prove this fact.
- It expanded the audience for the game by beaming Cricket through TV channels in small towns and villages.
- It also broadened Cricket’s social base. Children who had never previously had the chance watch international cricket because they live outside the big cities, could not watch and learn by imitating their heroes.
- The technology of satellite television and the worldwide reach of multinational television companies created a global market for Cricket.
Question 6.
Prepare a pamphlet on the consequences of the commercialisation of cricket. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Consequences of commercialisation of cricket.
Nowadays cricket is treated as a commercially exploited profession rather than a game or entertainment tool.
It opened doors for betting, fixing and earning black money. Many people lost their properties due to betting and fixing. Cricket transformed into an industry. More exposure and popularity of cricket suppressed the popularity and support for other important games in India. As a result, there is a huge financial variation between cricketers and other sports personnel. Media, News magazines also get more profit during cricket playing season. Some TV channels find an illegal way to telecast the matches.
People waste their valuable time by watching cricket match in TV. Attracted to advertisements shown during cricket matches, many innocent people are yielded to purchase unnecessary articles thus losing hard-earned money. Let us all unite to stop commercialising cricket.
Question 7.
Point out any five cricket-playing countries on the world map. (Mapping skills)
Answer:
Cricket-playing countries are
- England,
- India,
- Australia,
- West Indies,
- Pakistan
- Srilanka,
- Bangladesh,
- Kenya
- South Africa,
- Newzealand.
Debate:
Does a Nation’s prestige increase by sports? Conduct a debate.
Answer:
Aravind: Our nation totally immersed with oy when P.V.Sindhu and Sakshi Malik won medals in Olympics.
Ankur: Yes. We often see nations investing crores of rupees on sports. It is because sports increase the prestige of a nation.
Yadav: But what about developing nations like India where lakhs of people are starving without food. Do we need spending money on sports like cricket, football, hockey etc. We see people doing no work but sticking to TVs wasting time.
Ankur: It is not correct, Recreation is also a part of life. One cannot continuously work. Recreation is also needed with some play and some work.
Aravind: There are a number of players that bring recognition with their achievements in sports. A famous politician, leader ma not be known to a common man. But a Sachin Tendulkar, a Viswanath Anand, a P.V. Sindhu are known to one and all. They add to the prestige of the nation.
Pammi: We see small countries becoming famous because of their players creating World records in Olympics, SAARC games, ASEAN sports. Does this not mean that sports increase prestige of nation.
Project
Collect the information about any one game. Write the history of the game in the form of a report.
Answer:
Kabaddi an Indian game, In India, kabaddi is popular in different names. In the southern parts of India, the game is referred to as Chedugudu or Hu-Tu-Tu. In eastern India, it is fondly called Hadudu (for men) and Kit-Kit (for women). The game is known as kabaddi in northern India. Breath control, raid, dodging and movement of hand and feet are the basic skills that one has to acquire, in order to play kabaddi.
Kabaddi In Mythology:
Historians suggest that ancient scripts have proved that kabaddi existed in the pre-historic times in India. In Mahabharata, Arjuna had a unique talent in the game of kabaddi, He could effortlessly sneak into the wall’ of enemies, destroy them all and come back unscathed As per the Bud hist literature, Gautam Buddha played kabaddi for recreational purposes.
it says that he loved to play the game and took it as a means to exhibit his strength. which helped him to win his bribes. It is quite evident from the manuscripts discovered by the historians that kabaddi was a much-adored game in the ancient times.
Kabaddi In Modern India:-
In the modem times, kabaddi was given the national status of a game in India in 1918. Consequently, the standard set of rules and regulations for the game were formulated in the seine year, In 1921 an All India Tournament for kabaddi was organized at Baroda, wherein the players strictly followed the rules and regulations formulated for the game.
Inclusion of Kabaddi In Curriculum:-
In 1961, the Indian University Sports Control Board (IUSCB) included the game of kabaddi in its curriculum, as a prime sports discipline for the students. Another development in the history of kabaddi in India took shape in 1971 when the National Institute of Sports (NIS) included Kabaddi in the curriculum of Regular Diploma courses.
The Present day Scenario:-
The popularity of kabaddi has increased over the passing years, from being a popular game in the rural India to a sport recognized at the national level. A number of championships, both at the national and international level, have been organized for kabaddi, wherein the Indian national kabaddi team has delivered remarkable performances.
The introduction of Federation Cup Kabaddi matches in India in 1981 is a milestone in the history of kabaddi in India. India touched another milestone in 2004, when she hosted the first ever kabaddi World Cup, in Mumbai. The country won the World Cup, as well.
Intext Questions
Question 1.
Do you like to play games?
Answer:
Yes. I would love to play games.
Question 2.
What games do you play (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I play throw ball, Basket hail, Volleyball.
Question 3.
Which game do you like best? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I like Throw ball.
Question 4.
Think of some sports which only girls or only boys participate. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Only girls – Net ball, Winnicott (Ring)
Only boys- Rugby.
Question 5.
Are some games played only in the villages?
Answer:
Yes, some games are seen playing in villages only.
Village games – Seven Stones (Pitthoo)
- Ashta gamma
- Bullock race
- Flop scotch (Stapu / Kitkit)
- Five Stones (Gitti)
Question 6.
Are some games played only by very rich people? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Games played by very rich people
- Golf
- Car racing
Why do you play?
Put a (✓) if you agree with the reason given. Put (✗) if you disagree. If you find other reasons add them to the list.
| Playing games is easy | ✓ |
| It is fun to play games | ✓ |
| Parents, teachers, friends appreciate | ✓ |
| Games are challenging | ✓ |
| Games keep the body healthy | ✓ |
| Lot of scope to imitate their favourites like Sechin, Sania | ✓ |
| Games are easier than studies | ✓ |
| Appear on the Television | ✓ |
| No written tests and examinations in games | ✓ |
| Win medals in international games | ✓ |
| To bring glory to the country | ✓ |
| Win name, money and fame | ✓ |
Textbook Page No:246
Question 7.
Locate the cricket-playing nations in your atlas.
Answer:
Cricket-playing nations are Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, New Zealand. Pakistan, South Africa, Srilanka, West Indies, Zimbabwe, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Canada.
Question 8.
Did you notice that there is no single country called West Indies? Identify one of these islands that has the best athletes in running (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Yes, West Indies is a group of islands, hie island that has the best athletes in running – jamaica, (Hussain Bolt – the best athlete from Jamaica.
Textbook Page No:248
Question 9.
What has been the relationship between the cricket and the idea of developing Western culture? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
1. Playing cricket in occupied areas (as in India) was viewed as sign of superior, social and racial status.
2. Cricket was regarded as the best way of teaching the discipline, skill and leadership qualities.
3. Playing cricket became a way of claiming equality with the colonial rulers and
challenging them.
Textbook Page No:249
Question 10.
List the changes that occured with end of dominance of Test cricket. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- One-day internationals and T20 matches became popular.
- Television coverage of cricket. – Expanded audience.
- Technology of satellite television. – Global market for Cricket.
- Innovation of ‘Doosra arid reverse swing in bowling
- Today marketability of the game has made Indian players the best-paid, most famous cricketers in the game.
Textbook Page No:250
Question 11.
After thinking about cricket for some time Vinayak listed a few words that are only in English language – ‘boundary’, ‘over’, ‘wicket’. Can you explain to him why there are no Telugu words for it’ (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- At one time, a century and half ago, cricket was an English game.
- It had been invented in England and became intimately Linked to the culture of nineteenth-century Victorian society.
- The game was expected to represent all that the English valued- fair play. The record we have of cricket being played in India is from 1721. So words like boundary, over’, and wicket’ continue to be in English only.
Reading the Text (given), understanding and interpretation
A) “We play games for a variety of reasons. But what games we play and watch also is deeply influenced by what is going on in the society. Take the example of cricket. It was a game played by villagers of England in open fields of their village just like our villagers play kabaddi. However, today it is played all over India.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
Do you like to play games? Why do you play?
Answer:
I like to play games because,
- Playing games is easy
- It is fun to play
- Games keep the body healthy.
- Win medals in international games.
B) “Modern cricket is dominated by Tests and one-day internationals, played between national teams, The players who become famous, who ¡hie in the memories of cricket’s public, are those who have pin yed for their country. India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932, a decade and a half before it became in independent nation. This was possible because Test cricket from its origins in 1877 was organised as a contest between different parts of the British Empire, not sovereign nations. Playing cricket also became a way of claiming equality with the colonial rulers and challenging them. “
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
Name some of the players who live in the memories of cricket’s public.
Answer:
- India – Sunil Gavaskar and Kapil Desr
- Australia – David Boon
- West Indies – Brian Lara
- Srilanka – Sanath Jayasurya, Marvin Atapattu
- Pakistan – lmrari Khan
- New Zealand – Kepler Vessels
- England – Broadman
Information Skills
A) “The origins of Indian cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Parsis. Brought into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the first Indian community to westernise, the Parsis founded the first Indian, cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848.
Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias. The white cricket elite in India offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis. In fact, there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana, a Whites-only club, and Parsi cricketers over the use of a public park.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions.
1. Which Indian community start playing cricket?
Answer:
Community of Parsis,
2. When did the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay established?
Answer:
1848.
3. What is reason for quarrel between Parsis and Whites?
Answer:
Use of a public park in Bombay.
4. Who were Parsi businessmen?
Answer:
The latas and the Wadias.
B) Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Mahatma Gandhi and colonial sports:
Mahatma Gandhi believed that a sport was essential for a balance between the body and the mind. However, he often emphasised that games like cricket and hockey were imported into India by the British and were replacing traditional games. They showed a colonial mindset and were a less effective education than the simple exercise of those who worked on the land.
‘I should, however, be exceedingly surprised and even painfully surprised, if I were told your boys were devoid of all game. If you have national games, I would urge upon you that yours is an institution that should lead in reviving old games. I know that we have in India many indigenous games just as interesting and exciting as they are inexpensive because the cost is practically next to nothing.’
1. How did Gandhiji view the games introduced by the British in India?
Answer:
Gandhiji was of the opinion that colonial games do not train the mind. Instead, they promote colonial supremacy.
2. What was the argument put forward by Gandhiji in favour of Indian games?
Answer:
Gandhiji argued that no doubt the British games such as Cricket and Football are interesting games but they are very expensive. Indian games also are exciting and interesting like Cricket but they are not expensive.\
One Marks Questions
Question 1.
When did India played its first cricket test match?
Answer:
1932.
Question 2.
Who was Kerry Packer?
Answer:
Kerry Packer, an Australian television tycoon who became a revolutionary in the world of cricket.
Question 3.
Who were the founders of the first Indian cricket club in Bombay?
Answer:
The Parsis.
Question 4.
Which trophy is given to winning team of cricket?
Answer:
Ranji Trophy.
Question 5.
When did Indian National Congress established?
Answer:
1885.
Question 6.
Name some of the cricket-playing countries.
Answer:
India, West Indies, England, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka and Australia.
Question 7.
When did first World Cup cricket being successfully staged?
Answer:
1975.
Question 8.
Which country invented cricket?
Answer:
England.
Question 9.
Who were the sponsors of Parsi clubs?
Answer:
Tatas and Wadias.
Question 10.
Which country has pioneered two great advances in bowling of cricket?
Answer:
Pakistan has pioneered two great advances in bowling the doosra and the reverse swing.
Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
Which country invented the game of cricket? ( )
A) England
B) India
C) America
D) West Indies
Answer:
A) England
Question 2.
Where was the first Indian cricket club established? ( )
A) Bombay
B) Calcutta
C) England
D) Madras
Answer:
B) Calcutta
Question 3.
Who founded the Oriental Cricket Club in 1848? ( )
A) Hindus
B) Sikhs
C) Parsis
D) Muslims
Answer:
C) Parsis
Question 4.
The first World Cup was staged in the year ( )
A) 1977
B) 1975
C) 1970
D) 1966
Answer:
B) 1975
Question 5.
In which year did India enter the World of Test cricket? ( )
A) 1947
B) 1945
C) 1942
D) 1932
Answer:
D) 1932
Question 6.
Which game was exported from the colonies to Britain? ( )
A) Polo
B) Hockey
C) Football
D) Cricket
Answer:
A) Polo
Question 7.
Pakistan’s contribution to advancing the cricket is ( )
A) No ball
B) Run-out
C) Reverse Swing
D) L.B.W.
Answer:
C) Reverse Swing
Question 8.
First test captain of India ( )
A) Paiwankar Babo
B) Paiwankal Vithal
C) Vijay Hazare
D) C.K.Nayudu
Answer:
D) C.K.Nayudu
Question 9.
Which of the following constituted the 5th team in the pentangular tournament? ( )
A) The Europeans
B) The Christians
C) The Muslims
D) The rest
Answer:
D) The rest
Question 10.
In ‘Ranji Trophy’ teams represent ( )
A) Regions
B) Communities
C) Races
D) Religions
Answer:
A) Regions
Question 11.
In …………………. year 100 years of test cricket celebrated. ( )
A)1995
B) 1976
C) 1977
D) 1978
Answer:
C) 1977
Question 12.
Cricket was said to represent ( )
A) English values of fair play and discipline
B) English racial superiority
C) Englise sense of enterprise
D) English sportsmen’s spirit
Answer:
A) English values of fair play and discipline
Question 13.
Cricket in Colonial India was organised in the principle of ……………………. . ( )
A) national loyalties
B) religion
C) region
D) race and religion
Answer:
D) race and religion
Question 14.
The game of cricket was brought to India by ( )
A) East India Company
B) Governor Generals
C) The Portuguese
D) British Imperial Officers
Answer:
D) British Imperial Officers
Question 15.
Kerry Packer is related with which game ( )
A) Cricket
B) Hockey
C) Football
D) Tennis
Answer:
A) Cricket