TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 8 Social Solutions 21st Lesson Performing Arts and Artistes in Modern Times Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 8th Class Social 21th Lesson Questions and Answers – Performing Arts and Artistes in Modern Times
Question 1.
Correct the false statements : (Conceptual understanding)
a) All dance forms emerged as part of devotion.
Answer:
- Yes, Most of the dance forms emerged as part of devotion.
- Classical and folk dance forms emerged from Indian traditions, epics, and mythology.
b) Historically artistes were supported by big Zamindars.
Answer:
- Yes. Many artistes were attached to the palaces of Zamindars or Kings.
- They spent most of their time learning teaching performing for their patrons.
c) Burrakatha was adopted to mobilise people.
Answer:
Yes. Burrakatha was adopted to mobilise people. Burrakatha played an effective role in conveying message to people and awakening them.
d) Today Bharatanatyam is largely taught by nattuvanars.
Answer:
No. The generation of nattuvanars that trained dancers during the revival period was the last generation.
Due to increasing number oF aspiring dancers, nattuvanars no longer are the only trainer’s Experienced dancers to are training the learners.
Question 2.
Discuss the changes that have come about in the lives of folk artistes during the last 50 years. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Landlords and headmen no longer patronise artistes like in the past. As a result folk artistes are facing a decline and crisis of livelihood
- Since they have been travelling artistes. they also lack modem school education and the only other profession they can adopt is one of unskilled workers.
- The government has stepped into use some of the art forms for propagation of government programmes and creating awareness on various social issues like literacy.
- The traditional artistes have left their art form as their place has been taken over by other forms of entertainment.
- Some have opted for alternate livelihoods.
Question 3.
Do you think folk arts are declining? What loss do you think it will cause to our culture? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
Yes, folk arts are declining.
- Folk traditions in all cultures is important as it preserves the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
- If folk arts decline, we forget our traditions as they tell us about the lives of the past.
- It leads to degeneration of culture and heritage. It gives way to creativity crisis. So we need to protect and preserve our folk arts.
Question 4.
Is it possible to orient folk arts to new requirements of modern life and revise them? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
It is possible to orient folk arts to new requirements of modern life.
- Many traditional troupes are now performing plays on themes like sanitation. health care, family planning. Such scripts are generally provided by the government that sponsor the shows.
- Some troupes like Burrakatha are patronised by the government for creating awareness on various social issues like AIDS etc. Their performances are broadcast over T.V. In this way they are kept alive.
Question 5.
What are the major changes that have taken place in Bharatanatyam dance since the days of Sadir? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
1. Sadir dance was pertormed by devadasi as part of temple worship.
2. Devadasi families specialised in the arts of Music and Dance and with nattuvanars. They’ maintained the traditions from generation to generation.
3. Under British rule. Indian art was misrepresented as crude, immoral and inferior. Mans’ Indians looked down upon arts like Sadir.
4. In the late 19th and 20th Centuries, Social Reformers like Kandukuri Veeresalingam launched anti-nautch and anti-devadasi campaign, A law ending Devadasi system was enacted between 1934 and 1947.
5. A few families preserved the knowledge of this dance and music. F. Krishna lyer learned Bharatanatyam and presented on the stage of Music, Academy in Madras, because of which the art gained respect.
6. An association of Devadasis joined the effort to revive Bharatai’iatyam like Bala Saraswati.
7. Rukmini Dcvi founded Kalakshetra institute to teach and train artistes.
8. Hharatanatvam soon became the most widespread and popular and achieved international recognition as one of India’s treasures.
9. Dancers, rather than the nattuvanars, have become the custodians of the art form. Many are forced to use recorded music in dance performances to keep costs down. Bharatanatyam is now subject to numerous innovations.
Question 6.
Who among the following were the supporters of devadasi system and those who opposed it and those who wanted to reform it: (Conceptual understanding)
Bala Saraswati, Rukmini Devi, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Hhagya Reddy Varma, Krishna lyer, Hangalore Nagaratnamma.
Answer:
Supporters :
- Hala Saraswah
- E. Krishna lyer
Opposers :
- Kandukuri Veeresalingam
- Bhagva Reddy Vanna
Reformers :
- Rukmini Devi
- Bangalore Nagaratnamma
Question 7.
Why has it always been difficult for artistes to earn their livelihood by practising their art? How can artistes be supported to stand on their own feet? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Performers are mostly wandering troupes. They perform for temple and village festivals in return for money and grains. People are turning away from traditional forms of performing arts,
- Landlords no longer patrenise artistes like in the past. So artistes are finding it difficult to earn their livelihood.
- Artistes can be supported by giving them modern school education
- The government should step in, to help artistes by setting up institutions, conduct Courses and use, art forms for creating awareness on social issues like corruption.
- If artistes desire, government should help them to opt for alternate livelihoods.
Question 8.
Collect and prepare a table with the information of arts and dramas performed by the artistes of your area. (Information skills)
Answer:
Student activity.
Interview:
Invite a local artist to your classroom and conduct an interview on their arts and their future.
Answer:
We invited Sri Anjaiah, close associate of Chukka Sattaiah a famous Oggu Kadha Artist to our school.
We: Good morning sir. We wish to know about the details of Oggu Kadha from you. How was the name Oggu Kadha originated?
Anjaiah: It is very nice! Oggus are the traditional priests of the Yadavas. Oggu Kadha is a traditional folklore singing and narrating the stories of Mallanna, Beerappa, and ‘Yellamma.
We: When do you perform Oggu Kadhas? We mean, is there any special time for Oggu Kadhas?
Anjaiah: Generally, we perform Oggu Kadhas between January to June. We perform during nights. Wedding story of Mallanna with Bhramaramba is a famous one.
We: How is the response in the public?
Anjaiah: Public are very much interested for Oggu Kadhas. Apart from Siva Kalyanam, we are performing Oggu Kadhas on Yellamma Devi, Nalla Pochamma, Konimaravelli Mallanna etc Stage shows. TV and radio programmes too got the appreciation of viewers.
We: How many artists are performing Oggu Kadha?
Anjaiah: More than 10,000 artists are performing Oggu Kadha nationally and internationally.
We: Very nice. You are continuing a good legacy performing an age-old folk art.
Anjaiah: You too have to show interest in learning Oggu Kadha and continue our rich folk art.
We: Sure sir. Thank you.
Intext Questions
Text Book Page No. 228
Question 9.
Given above some photos of performing arts. How many of them tan you identify Write down the names below each of the photos. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Question 10.
Did you see any of them being performed in your village Share your experience with the class. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I have seen Kuchipudi dance performance. The theme was from mythology. They depicted Dasavataras. It was an enriching experience.
Question 11.
Find out from your parents and grandparents about the songs sung and dances performed by family members on special occasions. Male a chart listing these songs, the occasions on which they are performed, and some sample songs. Have any changes come in these performances in recent years? Share your findings with rest of the class. (Information skills)
Answer:
1. Sankranthi – Gobbivallo – song and dance
2. Atlataddi – Chemma Chekka . song and dance
3. Batukamma Patalu
In recent years due to the busy life, we are not celebrating the festivals as our earlier generations did. So we have less knowledge in such type of performances.
Question 12.
If any of you know some of these songs and dances perform them in the class. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Individual activity by students.
Text Book Page No. 230
Question 13.
Have you seen any such performances by travelling artistes Tell your classmates about them, who they were, what they sang and how were they treated by the audience. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Lambadi dance – Semi-nomadic tribe in Andhra Pradesh, i.e., Limbadi group has dances associated with daily tasks, day to day life.
- Their costumes are very attractive.
- They perform for festivals.
- People enjoy their rhythmic style of song and dance and pay them money.
Question 14.
If any such artists live nearby, meet them and find out about their lives and art. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I met Burrakatha artistes during festival fares in our temple town Mangalagiri. Burrakatha lasts for two to three hours. The major stories told in Burrakathas are stories from Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bobbili Yudd ham, Palanati Yuddham, Kataruraiju katha, and Karnbhojaraju katha. Burrakatha entertains with dance, song, dialogues, and humour.
At present Burrakatha is fading away due to the domination of Television and Internet The Burrakatha artistes are losing their livelihood and switching on to alternate professions for livelihood.
Question 15.
Do you think it is important to preserve the folk art traditions when TV and films are becoming the dominant forms of entertainment? Give your reasons. (C.U.)
Answer:
Yes. It is very important to preserve the folk art traditions.
- The preservation of folk traditions in all cultures is important as it preserves the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
- It helps in protecting the knowledge of the society. Folk arts tell us about the life of our ancestors. It enriches our culture and heritage.
Question 16.
What changes do you see in the position of the artistes and the subject of their performances since the time of the national movement? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Folk artistes are facing a decline and crisis of livelihood as modern means of information and entertainment like films, T.V. have crept into the society. So artistes are opting for alternate livelihoods.
- Artistes performances were associated with daily tasks, and mostly themes were based on mythology. Their performances include those who fought against British inspiring many people. They not only entertained people and given them aesthetic experience but also helped to communicate spiritual messages and criticise the ills of our society.
- Today many traditional troupes arc performing plays on themes like girls’ education, healthcare, and creating an awareness on various social issues.
Question 17.
Why do you think did the nationalists and communists try to revive and renew folk arts? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Folk arts are nearer to common people with their nativity in language
- Nationalists and communists understood that it is easy to raise national feelings and to bring awareness about the atrocities of Nizam rulers through folk arts.
- Moreover, common people identified themselves with folk arts.
- So to campaign of on socialism, and nationalist feelings, communists and nationalists revived and renewed the folk arts.
Question 18.
Imagine the plight of a young Devadasi girl who does not want to live the life of a Devadasi. Describe her feelings in a imaginary letter written by her to her friend. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Venkatapuram,
Dt:2-7-2017.
Dear Kanta,
I would like to share my feelings with you. Born in Devadasi system, I am dedicated to temple as offering to god. I am not allowed to marry. Devadasi faces a wretched life in the name of religion. She is considered a public woman, common property of town. it is glorification of humiliation to women. I hope government takes strong measures to stop this exploitation completely, and helps us to lead a normal life by giving us education and reservations in school and employment.
Yours lovingly,
XXXXXXX.
Question 19.
Why do you think it became important for other castes to take over the dance in order to revive it? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Educated community argued that the art had to be transferred to respectable hands to be saved.
- To remove the stigma associated with the dance new dancers from other castes got trained.
Question 20.
What kind of changes do you think they would have made to the dance to make it respectable? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Reforms of costume, stage setting, repertoire, musical accompaniment, and thematic content.
- Educated community learnt and performed on stage So the art gained respect.
Question 21.
On the one hand, the trational custodians of the dance were not allowed to practice it and on the other hand people of other castes took over the dance to make it respectable. Do you think there is something unjust about this development? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Dancers, rather than the nattuvanars have become the custodians of the art form, which results the decline of nattuvanars in the performance of art; causing unemployment and livelihood for the nattuvanars which is unjust.
Question 22.
What was the special role of the nattuvangam? What impact do you think it will have on the dance if they are replaced by dancers themselves? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- Nattuvanars were dance masters who maintained dance traditions from generation to generation.
- Without nattuvanars and with more and more dancers becoming teachers, the unbroken lineage of instruction that mamlamed the integrity of the dance farm has been lost.
- In the hands of many dancers Bharatanatyam is now subject to numerous innovations.
Question 23.
In what way has the immense popularity of Bharatanatyam helped it. Has it also created some problems? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
- By the late 20th century, the demand for learning Bharatanatyam exceeded the infrastructure to support the art and maintain its standards.
- The immense popularity of Bharatanatyam helped to popularise our culture abroad.
- Dancers have become the custodians of the art form. Dance is now subject to numerous innovations.
Problems:
- The real sense of performing Bharatanat am is to enjoy its soul. But nowadays, people are learning it for fame and name.
- Many are forced to use recorded music in dance performances to keep costs down.
- To earn money, dancers start teaching early in their careers. This affects the quality of their dance and also their teaching.
- With a few exceptions, Bharatanatyam is today a secondary career, for those with family support.
Appreciation and Sensitivity
Question.
What is the greatness of arts and artistes? How should we honour them’
Answer:
Greatness of arts and artistes:
Arts and artistes are the reflections of the society. Artistes are cultural ambassadors. Artistes express through the arts, thc miseries of the world, griefs of common men with their writings and art forms. They entertain the hard-worked labourers with their art.
John Locke, Montesque, Rousseau were sonic of the writers that changed the world history with their writings and speeches. It is Vandemataram’s song that brought total country into freedom struggle.
Way of respecting them:
- Artistes sacrifice their lives for the cause of the society. It is the duty of the society to honour them by encouraging their art.
- The Government has to honour them by providing financial assistance and livelihood.
- The poets and artistes just need the big hand of applause from the public. The way we can honour them is not by humiliating them or mocking them.
- In the days of domination of IV and cinemas. patronising the folk arts is the true honour to poets and artistes.
Reading the Text (given), understanding and interpretation
A) Down the ages, artistes like dancers, storytellers, singers, drama actors, etc. have not
only entertained people and given them aesthetic experience but also helped communicate spiritual messages and criticise the ills of our society and suggest alternatives. Performing artists could play a powerful social role by mobilising people for large social causes.
Fakeer patalu, Bairugi patalu. Dandaganam, Latkrousaab etc were songs sung by travelling frkirs rnd bairagis. They were in Telugu and Deccani Urdu and mixed language.”
Read the above paragraph arid answer the following question.
How did the performing artists earn a livelihood?
Answer:
Some artistes travelled from place to place giving their performances. Such artistes were patroriised by the village headman or the landlord and ordinary villagers.
B) “A large number of classical dance forms of India trace their origin to Bharatn’s hook Natyashastra’. Today the name Rharatanat yarn refers to a particular dance form of Tamil Nadu, However, a hundred years ago the name Bharatanatyam was not in use. The classical dances that were prevalent in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh then were called Saadir, Kuravanji, and Kuchipudi.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
What is your opinion about the present position of Bharatanatyam?
Answer:
- In the vital decades after its revival, Bharatanatyam achieved such esteem that by the late 20th century, the demand for learning Bharatanatyam exceeded the infrastructure to support the art and maintain its standards.
- Today, it is the demand for learning it, rather than a growth in its audience or sponsorship, that fuels the spread of Bharatanatyam.
Information Skills
A) Read the given information and answer the questions.
“One name that strikes when Burrukatha is mentioned is Shaik Nazar Vail who popularised the art form and in turn became popular because of it. People would travel long distances lo see Nazar perform. Nazar was born into a poor family with the occupation of carding cotton in 1920.
Starting with Balaratna Nataka Samajam in Tenali he performed for four decades. His Rurrakatlra stories on Andhra famine and Bengal famine of 1943 became very popular.
Nazar wrote the stories as well as sang them. In the 1940s he worked for the Communist Party for spreading ils message. Nazar’s Burrakatha performances were included in several cinemas. He received several awards including the Padmasri Award in 1986.
His biography Pinjari narrates the poverty and problems he faced and widening of his world due to his performances for the people. Several people were inspired by Nazar in taking up Burrakatha as a profession. However, Nazar died in utter poverty.’
1. Whose name strikes out when Burrakatha is mentioned?
Answer:
Shaik Nazar Vali,
2. Where did Nazar started ‘Balaratna Nataka Samajam?
Answer:
Tenali.
3. When did Nazar received Padmasri award’?
Answer:
In 1986.
4. What is the name of Nazar’s biography?
Answer:
Pinjari.
B) Read the given information and answer the questions.
| Dhimsa | Tribals of Araku Valley |
| Golla Suddulu | Shepherds |
| I. Krishna lyer | Music Academy |
| Rukmini Devi | Kalakshetra |
| Gusadi | Raja Gonds of Adilabad |
| Dandaganam | Bairagi |
1. Who founded Kalakshetra Institute?
Answer:
Rukmini Devi.
2. Who sang the songs dandaganam?
Answer:
Bairagi.
3. Who performes Dhimsa dance?
Answer:
Tribals of Araku Valley.
4. Name the art form performed by Gonds of Adilabad?
Answer:
Gusadi.
Qne Marks Questions
Question 1.
Who promoted the traditional art of the devadasis?
Answer:
Balasaraswathi.
Question 2.
Which dance is performed by tribal groups living in Ajaku Valley?
Answer:
Dhimsa dance.
Question 3.
How many categories are there in Dhimsa Dance? Write examples?
Answer:
Eight. Boda Dhimsa, Gundevi Daimsa, Goodi beta are some examples.
Question 4.
Who celebrates Deepavali in a big manner?
Answer:
Raj Gonds of Adilabad district.
Question 5.
What do you know about ‘Sadir Natyam’?
Answer:
A solo dance form performed for centuries by devadasi in temples.
Question 6.
Which is a Telugu art of storytelling?
Answer:
Burrakatha.
Question 7.
‘Oggu Katha’ is a performing art form of which State?
Answer:
Telangana.
Question 8.
What is the another name of Burra Katha?
Answer:
Jangam Katha and Tamboora Katha.
Question 9.
Who launched the anti-devadasi campaign?
Answer:
Kandukuri Veeresalingam.
Question 10.
What is meant by ‘Tarangam?
Answer:
Songs in praise of Lord Krishna written by Naravana Thirdha.
Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
One of the art forms of Telangana is ( )
A) Chuttukamudu
B) Burrakatha
C) Gusadi
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 2.
Dhimsa dance is performed by tribal group of ( )
A) Ooty
B) Simia
C) Araku
D) Munnar
Answer:
C) Araku
Question 3.
Gusadi dance is accompanied by musical instruments ( )
A) Veena
B) Sitar
C) Tudumu
D) Harmonium
Answer:
C) Tudumu
Question 4.
Dandaganam songs were sung by ( )
A) Zamindars
B) Bairagis
C) Tribal women
D) Village girls
Answer:
C) Tribal women
Question 5.
Tandana tana is a popular refrain of ……………………. . ( )
A) Burra Katha
B) Yaskha ganam
C) Gusadi
D) Oggu katha
Answer:
A) Burra Katha
Question 6.
Bharatanatyam has its roots from ( )
A) Sadir Natyam
B) Prajanatayam
C) Golla Suddulu
D) Kuravanji
Answer:
A) Sadir Natyam
Question 7.
Who founded Music Academy in Madras ( )
A) Nazar
B) E.Krishna Lyer
C) Rukmini Devi
D) Aduri Ayodhya
Answer:
B) E.Krishna Lyer
Question 8.
Kathakali is the dance form of ( )
A) Karnataka
B) Goa
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Kerala
Answer:
D) Kerala
Question 9.
The term ‘Burra refers to ( )
A) Tambura
B) Andelu
C) Dakki
D) Pipri
Answer:
A) Tambura
Question 10.
Who led a campaign against Devadasi system ( )
A) Moturi Udayam
B) Bharata
C) Bhagya Reddy Varma
D) S.K. Chaudhary.
Answer:
Question 11.
‘Natyashastra’ was written by ……………………… . ( )
A) Charaka
B) Siddhendra Yogi
C) Koutilya
D) Bharatha
Answer:
D) Bharatha
Question 12.
In 1935 the first stage performance given by ……………. was a milestone. ( )
A) Rukmini Devi
B) Bala Saraswathi
C) Naga Ratnamma
D) Anna Pavlov
Answer:
A) Rukmini Devi
Question 13.
This is not a folk Art …………………… . ( )
A) Chuttu Kamudu
B) Tholubomnialata
D) Phimsa
D) Burrakatha
Answer:
D) Phimsa
Question 14.
Burrakatha is a ………………… art of storytelling. ( )
A) Telugu
B) Bodo
C) Kashmiri
D) Dongri
Answer:
A) Telugu
Question 15.
Puppets are made of …………………. . ( )
A) wood
B) plastic
C) wire
D) animal skin
Answer:
A) wood