TS 8th Class Social Study Material 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System

Telangana SCERT 8th Class Social Guide Telangana 16th Lesson Abolition of Zamindari System Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Social 16th Lesson Questions and Answers – Abolition of Zamindari System

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Question 1.
When laws are passed in the Assembly, there is much discussion on it from different points of view. What would have been the different points of view regarding the Land Reform Act in 1950s? Which point of view would have been stronger? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
There may be a much discussion on different following points.

1. Will this law help the landless farmers?
2. In what way it helps the tenants?
3. Will it help in the reduction of rural poverty?
4. What kind of opposition did this law expect to face? ,
5. Will be the land confiscated from the zamindars and landlords reach the real tiller?
6. Is the government really get the original records of land ownership?
7. What are the various ways the new tillers be protected?

Along with the above points
The net outcome of improving the status of the landless peasants might have been discussed thoroughly, as the Land Reform Act in 1950s aimed at this mainly.

Question 2.
What would have been the points of view in 1970s when the Land Ceding Acts were passed? (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Answer:
The following points might have come for discussion.

1. Causes for the failure of Land Reform Act of 1950s.
2. Ways to plug the loopholes of the Land Reform Act.
3. What would be the maximum limit to a family’s possession of agricultural land?
4. The benefits would reach the targetted groups or not.
5. Does the government get the realistic picture of land holdings size?
6. Does the government possess the machinery to cope with the implementation of the new act?

Question 3.
Do you think the peasant women gained from these reforms in any way? Give your reasons. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The land reforms of India were helped the peasant women in a very positive way.

1. The women started to work in their own agricultural plots rather than rendering their free services to their landlord.
2. The economic well-being of their families was improved.
3. This in turn improved their health and started getting more leisure time to take care of their families.
4. Now these women can send their school-aged children to schools.
5. Above all they can enjoy the freedom in all walks of their life.

Question 4.
Is vetti prevalent still in your region? If it is there, prepare a report? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
Report:
We formed 4 groups under the guidance of social teacher and visited many industries, factories, markets to know whether vetti is prevalent still.
Group I visited some industries.
Group II visited some factories.
Group Ill visited some brick kiins and crushers.
Group IV visited some agricultural farms.
Group I, II & IV came to the conclusion that vetti or bonded labour is not present in industries, factories and agricultural activities.
But Group Ill found that bonded labour / vetti is present in brick kilns and stone crushers.

Way to vetti: The workers in brick kilns and stone crushers are bought from Bihar, Orissa and partly from famine-hit areas like Mahaboobnagar. They are attracted by offering huge amounts as loans. They are brought to workplaces. They have to reside in thatched huts and small sheds there for months together.

No amenities are provided except food and utensils. No fixed working hours. They are barred from communicating to their family members in their native places. They have to work day and night till their loan amount along with interest is cleared off. They can’t leave the workplace till the loan is cleared.

Conclusion: The vetti changed its shape with the name bonded labour. The conditions of vetti are more or less prevalent. The labour department is conducting raids now and then and freeing such labourers. Yet, the problem is not eradicated fully. Some stringent laws are to be made and enforced strictly.

Question 5.
Imagine you are a tenant who got ownership over land when the Land Reform Act was implemented. Write down your feelings. (Reflection on contemporary, issues and questioning)
Answer:
Being a landless tenant and got benefitted by the Land Reform Act, my feelings were very excited.

1. I am filled with joy.
2. Now I am the proud owner of my own cultivable land.
3. Now I start thinking about what to produce? and how to produce?
   How to use my production for the benefit of my own family?

Definitely, the smell of the land gave me the self-confidence to have a better tomorrow.

Question 6.
Imagine you are a landlord at the time of the Land Reform Act. Describe your feelings and actions at that time. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
The feelings of a landlord at the time of the Land Reform Act:

1. Become very uncomfortable against the act.
2. Feel sorry to lose a portion of cultivable land.
3. Try to find various means to escape from the act.
4. Different ways are being searched to keep the maximum cultivable land under my own family,
5. Search of different ways to compensate the loss occurred.

Question 7.
Many people feel that the land reform actually harmed a large number of tenants at will. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
I do agree with this view.
Reasons are:

1. The law itself has provided many exits for the landlords to escape.
2. The peasants who could pay to the government only became the owners of the land and came out of their clutches. Whereas hundreds of thousands of farmers were not able to pay. so their condition was not at all changed.
3. The peasants who had the legal recognition were only freed and became owners. The others still remain as the same.
4. The zamindars, through deception, showed the tenants and share cropers and kept their land under own control.
5. Instead of redistributing the wasteland, to the poor, landless farmers, the government kept the wasteland under its control.
6. The compensation policy of the government too helped the zamindars.

Question 8.
Though the governments made effective laws, why the Land Ceiling Act has not been implemented effectively? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The following reasons caused the failure of the Land Ceiling Act:

1. Through false declarations, several landlords kept the land under their control, which supposed to be given to the poor.
2. Several landlords transferred the surplus land to their relatives, friends and even farm servants and escaped the loss of their land to the government.
3. The surplus land taken over by the government is not at all fit for cultivation.
4. The Lack of sufficient political determination on government’s side too resulted in the failure of the Land Ceiling Act.

Question 9.
Locate Pochampally village in Nalgonda district in Telangana map. (Mapping skills)
Answer:

Question 10.
Read the first paragraph under heading ‘Rural Poverty at the time of Independence’ and answer the following: Have the conditions improved now? In what way? (Reading tue text given), understanding and interpretation)
When India became independent, the biggest challenge faced by the country was acute poverty, especially in the rural areas. It is estimated that more than half the rural population (55%) was very poor; that is, about 18.6 crore people. They did not have access to any resources like land, nor did they have education which could help them get some gainful employment.

In fact, opportunities for employment were very few. The only employment open to them was the extremely low-paid agricultural labourers. A very large proportion of peasants were landless. Some of them leased in lands belonging to landlords to whom they had to pay rent and do forced labour. Hunger constantly haunted them and famines and epidemics were frequent and devastating.
Answer:
Yes, the rural conditions have been improved a lot. Their improvement can be seen in the following way:

1. The 55% of rural poverty at the time of independence was marginally reduced due to various poverty alleviation programmes
2. The accessibility towards the cultivable land was improved due to the land reforms of the government.
3. Now education is made more affordable and reachable to the rural children.
4. The wages of the agricultural labourers Ls also improved.
5. Rural hunger is checked with the subsidised government schemes and the Public Distribution System.
6. The epidemics and famines are able to be controlled due to the development in agricultural and scientific technology.

Project

Form groups of five students each. Discuss the experiences of elders in your area about the land ceiling. Find out whether the issue happened in that village as mentioned in the chapter. Prepare a report and submit in the class. (Information skills)
Answer:
The issue of land ceiling was done in our area. The following results seen due to land ceiling.

1. Many peasants became owners of agri-land.
2. Tax paving system to zamindars was abolished.
3. Government occupied the surplus cultivable land from Jamindars.
4. Jamindars started providing works for labourers in their lands.
5. Vetti was abolished. As a result so mans- were free from vetti.

Intext Questions

Textbook Page No.186

Question 1.
Do you think there was any other way of giving gainful employment to the rural poor (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
There are many ways through which we can create alternate employment to the Indian rural people. The’ can be employed in

1. Agro-based industries.
2. Rural infrastructure development programmes.
3. In small-scale and cottage industries,
4. Tourism industry too (if the villages have tourist places).

Question 2.
How many acres of land does a family of four persons need to get a decent living in your area? (Give the figures separately for both irrigated and unirrigated land.) (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
A family of four persons need a minimum of 4 acres of irrigated and 6 acres of unirrigated land.

Question 3.
While the slogan ‘Land to the Tiller meant that the tenant will get the land, what will happen to the landless agricultural worker, who works for wages? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The agricultural workers, who work. tor wages will remain as landless labourers only. Only one benefit for them is that their wages improve a little.

Text Deok Page No. 187

Question 4.
Some people feel that the land reform laws only tried to help the landlords. Do you agree with them? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
As the political determination is not very strong, all the land reform acts given a chance to the landlords to maintain their richness intact. The selfishness of the landlords, with the support of the inefficiency of the politicians, strengthened the landlords rather improving the condition of the landless poor peasants.

Question 5.
Some people feel that the land reform laws tried to transfer land and power to prosperous tenant farmers only. Do you agree with them? (CU)
Answer:
It is cent per cent correct. it is because of the knowledge and advancement of the tenant farmers, the land reform laws benefitted them the most.

Question 6.
Some others feel that the laws tried to strike a balance between the interests of different rural groups in order to minimise internal conflicts. Do you agree with them? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
This view is correct only to a minimum extent. As the rules tried to distribute the surplus land to the landless, the economic rivalry was avoided. The begar’ or vetti’s abolition too helped to reduce the animosity between the rich landlords and poor landless peasants.

Question 7.
Who gained most and who did not gain at all? Do you think the landlords lost much? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The gain was maximum to those knowledgeable tenants. It had not impact at all on the lives of poor, landless labourers. The landlords of our country lost very little due to the Land reform acts.

Text Book Page No. 189

Question 8.
Which sections of the peasants of Telangana gained from the various reforms? In what ways did they benefit? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. The cultivators of Jagirdars became the owners of that land.
2. The tenants-at-will, can not be removed and
3. The farmers who were cultivating the land for the last six years will be given the ownership of the same land.

Question 9.
To what extent did the landless service castes benefit from these reforms? (C. U)
Answer:
Only the registered share cropers benefitted a bit whereas the majority of the landless caste gained not much.
The only benefit was that, they were no more to render ‘vett or begar.’ The second benefit is their wages were improved.

Question 10.
To what extent did the landlords lose and to what extent did they manage to protect their interests? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
In Andhra Pradesh, only 8 lakh acres of cultivable land was declared surplus. The remaining land is kept under their control by the landlords. Actual surplus land was more, but the cleverness of the landlords and ineffective governance gave a chance to the majority of the landlords to keep the land under their control.

Text Book Page No. 190

Question 11.
Read the following table on distribution of Landholdings in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. 1956-2006 l.and ceiling Act 1972 – 75. (Information skills)
Answer:

Fill in the blanks.

After the land ceiling was implemented in 1970s sec the changes that took place. The number of small farmers who were ..(i). .% increased/decreased to …(ii)…. %. Medium farmers now were less in number and controlled ….(iii)…% more/ less land than before. Large landowners declined to less than …..(iv)…… % but still owned about …(v)…. % of land.
Answer:
i) 58% increased;
ii) 73%;
iii) 7% less (32-25);
iv) 8% (10-2);
v) 2%.
Please note that data of 1980-81 is only to be compared with the data of 1955-56.

Question 12.
Why did the Land Ceiling Act become necessary? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The land Ceiling Act became necessary due to:

1. To improve the overall condition of the rural poor.
2. To restrict the possession of cultivable land under a few group of people, and
3. To distribute the surplus cultivable land to the landless to earn their livelihood.

Question 13.
Some people think that it should have been implemented in 1950 while others feel that such a measure would have caused a lot of opposition. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
By 1950, India just became a republic and it is a new independent country. Our nation became a free country with so many problems. The passing of Land Ceiling Act could have further aggravated the situation. Moreover, a few years of time was required to study the problems of ours and plan for their solution. So, the enactment of Land Ceiling Acts, a little later was more appropriate.

Question 14.
Discuss the two views in the class and decide which view you agree with. Compare the implementation of Land Ceiling Act in West Bengal and in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and discuss how the Act could be effectively implemented. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:

1. The Land Ceiling Acts were passed in most of the states in 1970s. These acts became necessary to reduce the compilation of land only in a few families’ hands.
2. The Land Ceiling Act was passed in September 1972 and implementation started since January, 1975.
3. In Andhra 8 lakh acres of surplus land wa5 taken by the government which distributed about 5,82,000 acres to about 5,40,000 families of landless and poor peasants.
4. In West Bengal, 12,94,000 acres were collected by the government under surplus category and distributed 10,64,000 acres for about 26,51,000 families.
5. The state of West Bengal has taken the collection and distribution of surplus cultivable land with more determination and committed political will, The same is lacking in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Additional Questions

Question.
Imagine yourself to be Maisaiah who received the first Bhoodan land. Describe your feelings about the prayer meeting in which you got the land. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
I, Maisaiah, of Pochampalli, was the first recipient of the donated land under the Bhoodan movement. Till April 18, 1951, 1 was a mere landless peasant. Now, I became a proud owner of a piece of cultivable land. I became the owner of the same land where I worked as a labourer till now. Now onwards I can earn something on my own by practising agriculture. This can help in the improvement of my family’s standard of living.

Reading the Text (given), understanding and interpretation

A) The Madras Estate Bill came into force in 1950 (Andhra was then a part of Madras Presidency). As per this Act, the Zamindars and Inamdars were paid a compensation of Rs. 15.5 crores in Total and the land under was given to the tenants who were cultivating it. In the Andhra, region land passed to considerable extent, into the hands of better-off cultivating castes. in due course, they become powerful in politics and business too. On the other hand, the labouring and service castes did not benefit from the land reforms.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
What is the importance of Madras Estate Bill Act?
Answer:

1. This Act still did not affect the ryotwari holders who virtually functioned as landlords.
2. It only abolished Zamindari system where it existed in some pockets.

B) ‘One of the states in which the Land Ceiling Act was more efficiently implemented was West Bengal. The West Bengal government acted with great determination and mobilized the landless and small peasants to participate in the implementation of the ceiling laws. As a result, about 12,94,000 acres of land were taken over by the government and 10,64,000 acres were distributed to about 26,51,000 families. This shows us that political will can make these measures very active and really enable people to get access to land resources.’
Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
Which state efficiently implemented the Land Ceiling Act? Why?
Answer:
Land Ceiling Act was more efficiently implemented in West Bengal State. This shows us that political will can make these measures very effective and really help poor to get access to land resources.

Information Skills

A. “The famous Hyderabad Tenancy Act was passed in 1950 protecting all types of tenants. Tenants-at-will (who could be evicted at the will of the landlords) were made protected tenants. All tenants who were in continuous possession of land for six years were made protected tenants or pattadars after a little payment. Now they could not be evicted easily and could continue to cultivate the land for generations. Similarly, the Hyderabad Inam Lands Abolition Act was promulgated in 1955.”
Read the above passage and answer the following questions.
1. When did Hyderabad Inam lands Abolition was promulgated?
Answer:
1955.

2. What is the Importance of Hyderabad Tenancy Act?
Answer:
It protected all types of tenants.

3. What do you know about pattadars’?
Answer:
All tenants who were in continuous possession of land for six years were made protected tenants or pattadars after a little payment.

4. When did Hyderabad Tenancy Act was passed?
Answer:
In 1950.

B. Read the table showing particulars of land holdings. Write the changes took place from 1956 to 2006. (Information skills)
The structure and distribution of hand holdings in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh,1956-2006.

Source: Dimainrtv of Economics and Statistics (DES), Hyderabad.
Answer:
Small farmers: The share of number of landholdings of small farmers is 58% in 1955 but their share in cultivated area is only 18% that is, though they formed more than half of all the farmers, they had less than 20% of cultivated lands. But, by 2005-2006, their share of land holdings increased to 83% and share in cultivated area to 48% which is a welcoming feature.

Medium farmers: The share in land holdings of medium farmers decreased from 32% to 16% from 1955 to 2005. But, the share in cultivated area increased from 44% to 46% in the same period. This could be attributed to land reforms and modern trends in agriculture.

Large farmers: These farmers had a major share of 38% in cultivated area though share in number of holdings is 10% only in 1955- 56. But, their share in number of land holdings decreased to 1% and share in cultivated area to 6% by 2005 -2006. This is because of implementation of land ceiling.

One Mark Questions

Question 1.
What is ‘Sarf-e-khas’ ?
Answer:
The personal freedom of the Nirams of Hyderabad is known as ‘Sarf-e-khas’.

Question 2.
What do you know about Bhoodan movement?
Answer:
A movement started by Vinoba in 1950, to collect land from the rich landlords to be distributed to the poor.

Question 3.
When did all state governments passed the law to end Zamindari system?
Answer:
In 1950.

Question 4.
Which Act protected the rights of tenants?
Answer:
Hyderabad Tenancy Act 1950.

Question 5.
When was Ceiling Act passed?
Answer:
In 1972.

Question 6.
What is meant by Vetti (or) Begat?
Answer:
A kind of bonded labour.

Question 7.
What is the importance of Ryotwari system?
Answer:
The farmers were provided with the right to the land, but they need to pay a fixed proportion as tax.

Question 8.
Who was leader of Sarvodaya?
Answer:
Acharva Vinoba Bhave.

Question 9.
When did Vinoba started Bhoodan movement?
Answer:
April 18, 1951.

Question 10.
Which state implemented efficiently [and Ceiling Act in India.
Answer:
West Bengal.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The following is the main solution to the rural poverty ( )
A) Providing land to the tiller
B) Abolition of vetti
C) Land Ceiling Act
D) Not giving land to the tiller
Answer:
C) Land Ceiling Act

Question 2.
To abolition Zamindan System law was passed in ( )
A) 1960s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1940s
Answer:
B) 1950s

Question 3.
The begar or vetti was abolished in this year ( )
A) 1926
B) 1927
C) 1928
D) 1929
Answer:
B) 1927

Question 4.
The act that protected all types of tenants was ( )
A) 1950 Hyderabad Tenancy Act
B) 1960 Hyderabad Tenancy Act
C) 1970 Land Ceiling Act
D) 1980 Andhra Tenancy Act
Answer:
A) 1950 Hyderabad Tenancy Act

Question 5.
The Land Ceiling Act was more efficiently implemented in this state ( )
A) Andhra Pradesh
B) West Bengal
C) Karnataka
D) Tamil Nadu
Answer:
B) West Bengal

Question 6.
Khudkasht’ means ………………… . ( )
A) Land of formers
B) Land of Kings
C) Land of Zanimdars
D) Land of the poor
Answer:
C) Land of Zanimdars

Question 7.
The leader of Sarvodaya ………………….. . ( )
A) Gandhi ji
B) Netaji
C) Vinobaji
D) Tilak
Answer:
A) Gandhi ji

Question 8.
The other form of “Vetti” was ( )
A) Vegar
B) Begar
C) Bcrur
D) Merur
Answer:
A) Vegar

Question 9.
In which year Hyderabad tenancy act was passed? ( )
A) 1951
B) 1949
C) 1952
D) 1950
Answer:
D) 1950

Question 10.
In the following Statement which one is correct. ( )
i) Tenants means who take land for higher rent
ii) Jagirdari means who ruled the villages as heads
A) i only
B) ii only
C) i and ii
D) None of these
Answer:
B) ii only

Question 11.
Jagirs were abolished in ………………….. year. ( )
A) 1949
B) 1950
C) 1951
D) 1952
Answer:
D) 1952

Question 12.
‘Maktas means ……………….. . ( )
A) tenants
B) Pattadars
C) Big Kingdoms
D) small kingdoms
Answer:
A) tenants

Question 13.
When India became Independent ………………. percentage of rural population was very poor. ( )
A) 35%
B) 45%
C) 55%
D) 65%
Answer:
C) 55%

Question 14.
‘Pochampally is in this district of Telangana State. ( )
A) Adilabad
B) Khammam
C) Nalgonda
D) Mahaboobnagar
Answer:
C) Nalgonda

Question 15.
Vinobaji received ……………….. lakh acres of land as donation all over the country in part of Bhoodan movement. ( )
A) 35
B) 44
C) 50
D) 63
Answer:
C) 50