TS 7th Class English Guide Unit 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India

Telangana SCERT 7th Class English Government Textbook Answers Telangana Unit 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 7th Class English Guide Unit 2A C.V. Raman, the Pride of India

Pre – Reading:

Look at the following pictures and discuss the questions that follow:

Question 1.
Who are these people?
Answer:
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyangar (FRS), C.V. Raman, Homi Jahangir Baba, Rakesh Sharma.

Question 2.
Tell your class what you know about them.
Answer:
1. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Ex-President, Missle man of India. His full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen.
2. Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyangar (FRS) : Famous Indian mathematician . He is known for Landau – Ramanujan constant.
3. C.V. Raman : C.V. Raman was the first Indian scientist to receive the Nobel Prize for physics in 1930 for his pioneering work related to the scattering of light.
4. Homi Jahangir Bhabha : Famous Indian atomic scientist. He served as the first chairman of India’s atomic energy commission.
5. Rakesh Sharma : First Indian to travel in Space.

Comprehension:

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Why was Raman happy when he learnt that Professor Compton had won the Nobel Prize ?
Answer:
Raman was very happy because Professor Compton got the due recognition. Morever, he was sure that if Compton effect is true of X-ray, it will be true of light too, an experiment on which he had been working.

Question 2.
What does the “Compton Effect” tell us ?
Answer:
Compton Effect tells us that the nature of X-rays changes when passed through matter. The change was dependent on the kind of matter.

Question 3.
What was Raman’s advice to young scientists?
Answer:
Raman advised young scientists to look at the world around them and not to confine themselves to laboratories. “The essence of science,” he said “is independent thinking and hardwork, not equipment”.

Question 4.
Which paragraph tells about the ill health of C.V. Raman ?
Answer:
The seventh paragraph tells about the ill health of C.V. Raman.

Question 5.
What was the challenging situation when Raman started his experiment on light?
Answer:
Raman took up a job in the Finance Ministry on the wish of his parents. But it did not flag his interest in science. He used to spend his time after office in the Association Lab working throughout the night.

Question 6.
What was the unseen force working behind Raman for reaching great heights?
Answer:
The unseen force behind Raman was the discovery of “Compton Effect” by A.H. Compton.

Question 7.
What is ‘Raman Effect’ ?
Answer:
Raman discovered ‘new radiation’, which describes the behaviour of a beam of light passing through a liquid chemical. The world hailed his discovery as “Raman Effect”.

Question 8.
If Answer:H.Compton had not discovered the Compton Effect, do you think Raman would have discovered the Raman Effect ? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Though Answer:H.Compton had not discovered Compton Effect, Raman definitely would have discovered the Raman Effect because his experiments on lights were already on progress, by the time ‘Compton Effect, was out. It might have taken a little more time.

Question 9.
In what way was Raman different from other Indian Scientists ? List them and justify your answer.
Answer:
Chandra Sekhar Venkata Raman was different from other scientists like Arabind Khurana, Srinivasa Ramanujam, APJ Abdul Kalam etc. Unlike others C.V. Raman got his entire education in India itself. He did his research with limited equipment worth rupees 200/- only. He was the one and the only scientist who won Nobel Prize for his work.

Question 10.
If you were a scientist, what would you like to invent/discover ?
Answer:
If I were a scientist I would like to invent medicines for epidemics, cancer and AIDS.

II. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

Question 1.
C.V. Raman was born in Calcutta.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – C.V. Raman was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu.

Question 2.
The Compton Effect was a discovery made by C.V.Raman.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – The Compton Effect was a discovery made by Answer:H.Compton

Question 3.
Raman’s mother was a college physics teacher.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – Raman’s father was a college physics teacher.

Question 4.
Raman was an average student at school.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – Raman was a brilliant student at school right from the start.

Question 5.
Raman studied how the drum could produce music.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – Raman studied how stringed instruments like the violin and sitar could produce harmonious music.

Question 6.
Raman spent only two hundred rupees to win the Nobel Prize.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Raman was only 42 when he won the Nobel Prize.
Answer:
False
Correct statement – Raman was only 40 when he won the Nobel Prize.

Vocabulary:

I. The following sentences are from your lesson. Read them carefully and tick (✓) the correct meaning of the underlined word.

Question 1.
His parents were keen to send him abroad for higher studies.
a) particular
b) eager
c) worried
Answer:
b) eager

Question 2.
The world hailed the discovery as the ‘Raman Effect’.
a) admired
b) called
c) thought
Answer:
b) called

Question 3.
In his youth Raman was mainly interested in acoustics.
a) primarily
b) simply
c) certainly
Answer:
a) primarily

Question 4.
The British made Raman a knight of the British Empire.
a) appointed
b) managed
c) placed
Answer:
a) appointed

Question 5.
Raman passed away on November 21, 1970
a) was killed
b) died
c) left
Answer:
b) died

II. Read the following sentence.

Raman was equally delighted.

The underlined word ‘delighted’ is a verb and has been used to express a feeling of joy or happiness. Its noun form is ‘delight.

Now look at the following verbs and write their corresponding noun forms.

Answer:

Verb	Noun and the feeling expressed
1. enjoyed	enjoyment
2. surprised	surprise
3. disappointed	disappointment
4. worried	worry
5. satisfied	satisfaction

Now fill in the blanks with suitable noun forms of the underlined words in each sentence.

Question 1.
He was shocked to see a snake in his room but he recovered from his __________ in no time.
Answer:
shock

Question 2.
He pretended to look relieved but, in fact, he did not have any __________
Answer:
relief

Question 3.
I can understand your __________ But do not be so excited that you have health problems.
Answer:
excitement

Question 4.
Raju, an auto driver, was very honest. His __________ was known to everybody when he returned the bag of jewellery a passenger had left in his auto.
Answer:
honesty

III. (1) Read the following sentence and notice the underlined part.

Raman stayed in the country to do the M.A. Course.
The underlined letters in capitals denote an abbreviation. The full form of this abbreviation is ‘Master of Arts’. Here is a list of some common abbreviations. Write their full forms.

Answer:

Abbreviation	Full form
B.A.	Bachelor of Arts
A.D.	Anno Domini
B.C.	Before Christ
C.M.	Chief Minister
C.D.	Compact Disc
DVD	Digital Video Disc
a.m.	ante meridium
p.m.	post meridium

(2) Read the following sentence and notice the underlined word.

He used to spend his hours after office in the lab.
The underlined word “lab, is the short form of laboratory.”

Look at the following list of short forms and write their full forms. The first one is done for you. (Use a dictionary)

Answer:

Short form of the word	Full form of the word
plane	aeroplane
kilo	kilogram
para	paragraph
mike	microphone
spect	spectacles
photo	photograph
bike	motor bike

IV. In paragraph 4 you have learnt that ‘optics’ is the study of light. Do you know the word for the study of living beings? It is ‘biology’. It comes from ‘bio’ (means ‘life’) + ‘logus’ / ‘ology’ (means ‘study or science’). So the suffix ‘-logy’ adds the meaning ‘the study of.

Guess the meaning of the words under Column A and match them with the phrases under Column B.

Match the following sciences with their corresponding objects of study.

1. Archaeology	(a) the study of the mind
2. Physiology	(b) the study of animals
3. Psychology	(c) the study of earth
4. Geology	(d) the study of the cultures of the past
5. Zoology	(e) the study of the bodies of living things.

Answer:
1. (d)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (c)
1. Archaeology – The study of the cultures of the past.
2. Physiology – The study of the bodies of living things.
3. Psychology – The study of the mind.
4. Geology – The study of earth
5. Zoology – The study of animals

Grammar:

I. Read the following sentences from your lesson and observe how the underlined words are used before the names of dates, the names of years and the names of places.

‘On‘ is used for days and dates.
‘On‘ is used in speaking of things at rest.

1. Raman was born on November 7,1888. (para 6)
2. Raman passed away in 1970 on November 21. (Para 11)

‘In’ is used for months and years.
‘On’ is used for days and dates, in indicates period of time

3. Raman did his M.Answer: course at Presidency College in Madras (para 6)
‘at’ is used to indicate small places, addresses, villages and towns.
Here ‘in‘ is used to indicate big places like cities, countries etc.

4. In December, on a fine evening in 1927, there was much excitement. (Para 1)
‘In’ is used for months, seasons and years.

Now fill in the blanks with ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘at’.

Sarath Chandra and Keerthana are brother and sister. Sarath was born ______ (1) 25th April ______ (2) 2000. Keerthana was born ______ (3) December 2,2001. They are with their parents. They live ______ (4) Kondamudusupalem, a small village ______ (5) Medak District. They play games ______ (6) school. It is usually very hot ______ (7) May ______ (8) their village. So they spend their summer ______ (9) Hyderabad ______ (10) their uncle’s house. Mr. Srisailam is their uncle. He resides ______ (11) High Court Colony ______ (12) Hyderabad with his wife, Jagadeeswari and his daughter, Vishnu Priya.
Answer:
1) on
2) in
3) on
4) at
5) in
6) at
7) in
8) at
9) in
10) at
11) at
12) in

II. Revision of ‘Articles’.

1. ‘a’ is used before singular common nouns/in noun phrases beginning with consonant sounds.
2. ‘an’ is used before singular common nouns/in noun phrases beginning with vowel sounds.
3. ‘the’ is used
(a) before words / phrases that indicate unique things (“It was the headquarters of the Indian Association……’ )
(b) in situation where the sentence itself contains a clue to identity of the thing or the person referred to (eg. His advice to young scientists was also to look at the world around them)
(c) in social situations where the identity of the person / object is identifiable (“But ……. look here, Krishnan,” he said turning to the young man…”)
(d) before the names of ‘musical instruments (“He studied how stringed instruments like the violin…”)

III. List 20 phrases from the text that begin with ‘a’ / ‘an’ or ‘the’. Then put (1, 2, 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), or 3(d) against them depending on how ‘a’/’an’ or ‘the’ is used. One is done for you.

an old building – 2

1. An old building – 2,
2. The Indian Association – 3(a),
3. A fine evening – 1,
4. A young man – 1,
5. The middle range – 3(a),
6. The young man – 3(c),
7. The nature – 3(b),
8. The compton effect – 3(a),
9. A transparent medium – 1,
10. An assembly of scientists – 2,
11. The Raman effect – 3(a),
12. The attention – 3(b),
13. A red-letter day – 1,
14. A college – 1,
15. A discovery – 1,
16. A brilliant student – 1,
17. A British Surgeon – 1,
18. The country – 3(b),
19. An impression – 2,
20. A member – 1.

Now fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

1. In 1987 M.S.Swaminathan was awarded ______ Raman Magsaysay Award.
Answer:
the

2. We dined yesterday at ______ Maurya Sherton hotel.
Answer:
the

3. Tejaswini lent me ______ interesting book.
Answer:
an

4. My father is ______ school teacher.
Answer:
a

5. M.S. Swaminathan worked at ______ Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
Answer:
the

6. Rekha bought ______ long notebook yesterday.
Answer:
a

7. Sravani is eating ______ mango now.
Answer:
a

8. Ganesh always carries ______ umbrella with him.
Answer:
an

9. Rambabu is ______ English teacher in a high school.
Answer:
an

10. Manjula and Sruthi play ______ guitar well.
Answer:
the

‘The’ is called the definite article and ‘a’ or ‘an’ the indefinite article.
Article ‘a‘ is used before words beginning with a consonant sound.
Article an is used before words beginning with a vowel sound. (The sounds begin with (a, e, i, o, u)
Article ‘The‘ has a “definite” meaning. That is, ‘the’ is used when it is clearly understood who or what is meant.

Writing:

I. Write a paragraph on J.C.Bose using the hints given below. You must use the right linkers to join the sentences.
Answer:
J.C.Bose – Indian Scientist – born 30-09-1858 – St. Xavier’s School, Calcutta – abroad for higher studies – returned in 1885 – published a monograph, Response in the Living and Non-living – became famous – Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920 – wireless telegraphy in 1895 – the Crescograph – plants have life – the Bose Institute in Calcutta – devoted to the study of plants – died 23-11-1937.
Answer:
J.C.Bose, an Indian Scientist was born on 30-09-1858. He studied at St. Xavier’s School, Calcutta. He went abroad for higher studies and returned in 1885. He published a Monograph Response in the Living and Non-living things. He became famous for his publications. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. He invented wireless telegraphy in 1895 and the Crescograph, an instrument which proves plants have life. He founded the Bose Institute in Calcutta which is devoted to the study of plants. Bose died on 23.11.1937.

II. Editing:

The passage given below has a few errors in the use of capital letters, verbs, prepositions and articles. Edit the passage by underlining the incorrect parts and writing them correctly over the space available.

Raman was borne on November 7,1888, in tiruchirapalli at tamil nadu. He finishes his m.a. course at Presidency college in chennai. He became-member of the indian association for cultivation of science. He took up a administrative job in the finance ministry in Calcutta. He was elected to the royal society of London in 1924 and the british government made him a knight of the british empire in 1929. He was first indian scholor who studied wholly in india and received the nobel prize.
Answer:
Raman was born on November 7,1888 at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. He finished his M.Answer: course at Presidency college in Chennai. He became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. He took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in Calcutta. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British Government made him a Knight of the British Empire in 1929. He was the first Indian Scholar who studied wholly in India and received the Nobel Prize.

Study Skills:

I. Study the pie charts and answer the questions given below them. Distribution of Weight in Human Body.

1. Which of the following constitute most of the weight in the human body ? ( )
a) water
b) proteins
c) dry elements
d) bones
Answer:
Water – (65%)

2. Which of the following statement is correct ?
a) Proteins constitute 11% of the human body.
b) Dry elements constitute 15% of the human body.
c) Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5% of the human body.
Answer:
Hormones, enzymes and other proteins constitute 2/5% of the human body.

3. If a person’s weight is 100 kilograms, how much do his bones weigh ?
Answer:
20 Kgs.

4. If the proteins in a person weigh 12 kilograms, what will be his weight ?
Answer:
50 Kgs.

5. Are the bones in our body heavier than the water in our body? Support your answer.
Answer:
Water comprises 65% of our body.
Bones comprise 20%.
So Water is heavier in our body.

Listening & Speaking:

The Inventor of Inventors

‘Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety – nine percent perspiration’. – Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison, the greatest inventor of all times, is the most suitable example of his own saying. This great, outstanding US inventor had the credit of making 1001 inventions. Can you imagine a world without electric light, recorded music, cinema etc., which are the contributions of this great genius ?

Edison was bom on February 11,1847 at Milan, Ohio. His father was in-charge of a light house at Lake Huron. Although he could not continue his studies in his school, he was very inquisitive from his boyhood to learn by understanding. When he was only ten years old, he set up a laboratory in the basement of his father’s work place. He loved to mix liquid and powders to observe the reactions.

At the age of 12, he began selling newspapers and candy in trains. As a very keen observer, he learnt some preliminary techniques of telegraphy form the station master, which later led him later to work as a roving telegrapher. During his stint as a supervisor in a Telegraph company, he created a stock printer. With the money received from it, he set up a laboratory for carrying out his experiments and research work. In subsequent years he invented phonograph – the machine for recording and reproducing sound. Edison thus had made man’s voice immortal. In 1878, he demonstated the light bulb – a carbon filament electric bulb.

While experimenting on electric lamp, he discovered an important scientific principle known as ‘Edison Effect’. This discovery led to the invention of electron valves and the modem electronics industry rests on this principle. In 1882, he set up a power generating station which supplied power to a few residents of New York city.

Later he developed the kinetograph which was the first step towards motion picture camera. Cinema houses are here today because of the inventive genius of Edison. His other inventions include the spheres of X-rays, telephone and other electronic items. His inventions made him one of the richest men in America.

This great genius passed away on 18 October, 1931.

I. Say whether the following statements are true or false.

Question 1.
When Edison was twelve, he established a school.
Answer:
False
Reason – When Edison was only ten, he setup a laboratory.

Question 2.
Edison discovered an important scientific principle known as the Edison Effect.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Edison was a poor observer.
Answer:
False
Reason – Edison was a keen observer.

Question 4.
Edison’s father was a school teacher.
Answer:
False
Reason –

Question 5.
Edison loved to mix liquids and powders to observe the reaction.
Answer:
True
Reason – Edison’s father was in-charge of a light house.

II. Here is a list of inventions. Put a (✓) against them if it was invented by Edison.

Answer:

Name of the Invention
light bulb	✓
aeroplane	✗
electric engine	✗
watermark pen	✗
phonograph	✓
pedestal fan	✗
printing machine	✗
radio	✗
kinetograph	✓
computer	✗
power generator	✓

III. Oral Activity:

Question 1.
Thomas Alva Edison invented electric bulb. If there were no electric bulbs, how would be our life?
Answer:
If there were no electric bulbs, the life would be unimaginable. Like in the olden days man has to rely upon oil lamps, kerosene lamps and candle lights. There would be no illumination and glitter. The life of man would be slow. Human progress would be curtailed.

Question 2.
Debate the following proposition:’Science has proved to be more a curse than a blessing.’ Divide the groups into two sets. One set of students speak in favour of the motion and the other against it. They may use the words / expressions listed in the box.

Answer:
Group – 1 : Good morning to one and all. Today I would like to speak in favour of scientific development going round the world. Man had done research and discovered and invented many things. These are really a boon to us.

Group – 2 : Good morning to all my dear friends. In his speech my friend has given his valuable opinion on the all round development going on now a days in the name of scientific development. Of course, science
is a boon to us to some extent. But just as light has shade, there are disadvantages also. Many weapons are being made which can destroy a large area and population. Not only that we are becoming slaves to modern gadgets like TV, Computer, Mobile phones etc.

Group – 1 : We are living in a modern age. Our existence depends more on the development of science. Long ago, a journey to a place took months. Now it takes a few hours. We can get the world wide information just sitting at our home. In the medical field also there is a lot of development. Every disease is cured.

Group – 2 : But the medicines made us extremely weak and prone to new infectious diseases. Biowars by terrorist countries is the indication of how science has been drastically effecting our life. The present times are basically the times of machines. We will become a big zero if machines are not there.

Group – 1 : Every coin has 2 sides. If we use science for peaceful purposes it is a boon.

IV. Listen to the conversation between Sindhu and Mary.

Sindhu : Mary, where have you been all the week ?
Mary : Um… I had been to Hyderabad.
Sindhu : Hyderabad? Why? Why did you go there ?
Mary : You know, my uncle lives there. I went there to visit him.
Sindhu : That’s nice. But did you visit any place ? .
Mary : Oh! Yes, I visited a museum. It’s wonderful.
Sindhu : Really! What kind of museum is it ?
Mary : It’s a science museum.
Sindhu : Science museum? But it should be boring.
Mary : Not a bit. I learnt a lot about many interesting things. You must see it.
Sindhu : Is it that much interesting? Could you tell me something more about it?
Mary : Oh! It takes a long time. Now I am in a hurry. I will talk about it later.

Now work with your partner and ask and answer questions about the science fair that may have been organised in your school or district. Use the following questions too.

Question 1.
When did you go to the science fair ?
Answer:
I went to the science fair just a couple of days ago.

Question 2.
What things did you see there ?
Answer:
I saw many things like mathematical doll, volcano, home made refrigerator, Indian Astronomical System, different clay models of water projects in Telengana.

Question 3.
Which was the most interesting thing you noticed there ?
Answer:
I saw the clay models of water projects like Kaleswaram Project, Dummugudem, Nagarjuna Sagar which were quite interesting. They explained how the river water and rain water is saved and given to the fields. It is very enlightening.

C.V.Raman, the Pride of India Summary in English

Chandra Sekhar Venkat Raman was bom on November 7,1888, at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu. He was a brilliant student right from the start. Raman’s parents were keen to send him abroad, but his health did not permit. Raman completed his M.Answer: course at Presidency College in Madras.

Raman was interested in science from his childhood. When he was only 19, he became a member of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science. He began to write research papers for science journals. On the wish of his parents, he took up an administrative job in the Finance Ministry in CalcuttAnswer: He used to spend his hours after office in the lab working throughout the night.

In his youth Raman was interested in acoustics, the science of sound. In 1927, when he heard that professor Compton won the Nobel Prize, Raman was delighted. He told his friend Krishnan, “If this Compton Effect is true of x-rays, it must be true of light too.” For five years he had been doing research in optics, the science of light. No sophisticated equipment was available in his laboratory.

Four months later, on March 16,1928 Raman announced his discovery of New Radiation.
“The world hailed the discovery as the Raman Effect.” Raman achieved this with an equipment worth hardly Rs.200.

He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British Government conferred Knighthood on him.
He advised the young scientists to look at the world, develop independent thinking and hard work not equipment.

C.V. Raman was the first Indian scholar who studied in India and received the Nobel Prize. He was the first Asian as well as a non-white who got this award.
He passed away in 1970 on November 21. February 28th is celebrated as National Science Day on which he discovered Raman Effect.

Glossary:

discovery (n) = the process of finding something that was not known about before
Usage: America was a great discovery of Columbus.

red-letter day (idiom) = an important day
Usage: August 15th, 1947 is a red-letter day in Indian History.

surgeon (n) = a doctor who is trained to perform surgery.
Usage: Charaka was the first surgeon in Indian Medical History.

abroad (adv) = in or to a foreign country
Usage: Now-a-days many students are going abroad for their studies.

flag (v) = decline, become less
Usage: His strength was flagging after many years of service.

stringed instrument (n)= any musical instrument with strings (eg. the violin, the sitar etc.)
Usage: Sitar is a stringed instrument.

harmonious (adj) = very pleasant when played together
Usage: Indian Cricket Team has harmonious relations with all other teams.

knight (n) = a man of high social rank
Usage: Knighthood was conferred on C.V.Raman by the British government.

confine (v) = to restrict
Usage: The Supreme Court of India has confined the powers of State Governors.

keen (adj) = eager, full of enthusiasm, anxious
Usage: Rahul Gandhi is keen to go on far in the next elections.

hailed (v) = called, welcome
Usage: The Nation hailed the Indian Cricket Team for their victory in the World Cup.

mainly (adj) = primarily, important
Usage: Archaeology is the primary branch of History.

made (v) = appointed, bring into a shape
Usage: A treaty was made between India and Pakistan.