TS 10th Class English Important Questions 6th Lesson Bio-Diversity

These TS 10th Class English Important Questions 6th lesson Bio-Diversity will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class English Important Questions 6th lesson Bio-Diversity

Section – A : Reading Comprehension:

(Q.1 – 7):

(A) Read the following passage.

From the time we started, we were trying to respond to the basic needs of people in the rural areas; and people were asking for clean drinking water, for food, for energy (which is mostly firewood), for building material, for fodder for the animals. And all these come from the land. So we knew that what the people in the rural areas were asking for had to do with the environment. They did not have those things because the environment was degraded. So, from the very beginning we understood that we have to rehabilitate the environment.

The forested mountains were the source of water and the source of rain, so when you deforest, you cause a shortage of water and a change of rainfall patterns and therefore people are not able to get food and water. Therefore, in order for them to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, it is important to have a government that accounts to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Who are ‘we’ in this passage ?
(A) People in rural areas
(B) People in urban areas
(C) Wangari Maathai and other activists of the Green Belt Movement
(D) All people in Africa
Answer:
(C) Wangari Maathai and other activists of the Green Belt Movement

Question 2.
What is the important source that produces the things which fulfil the basic needs of people ?
(A) Forests
(B) Land
(C) Seas
(D) Oceans
Answer:
(B) Land

Question 3.
An ecological problem is described in the second paragraph. What is it ?
(A) Drought
(B) Unemployment
(C) Over population
(D) Poverty
Answer:
(A) Drought

Question 4.
We should rehabilitate the environment because it has been
(A) ruined badly
(B) bettered largely
(C) modernised to a great extent
(D) graded very well for a long time
Answer:
(A) ruined badly

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What are the basic needs of the people of rural areas as described in the above passage ?
Answer:
Clean drinking water, food, energy (which is mostly firewood), building material, and fodder for the animals are the basic needs of the people of rural areas.

Question 6.
What happens when we deforest according to the speaker ?
Answer:
When we deforest, we cause a shortage of water and a change of rainfall patterns and therefore people are not to get food and water.

Question 7.
What are the responsibilities of the government as described by the speaker ?
Answer:
The government should account to save the forested mountains and protect them. It should protect the interests of the people. It should have concern for their lives.

(B) Read the following passage.

NHK Radio : How is peace connected to a good environment?
W M : Many wars that are fought in the world are fought over natural resources. Some wars are fought because the environment is so degraded that it is not able to support communities and so they fight over the little that is left. Others are fought because some people want to take a lot of the resources, to control them, and to keep many other people out. Now whether this happens at the national level or at the regional level, or even at the global, level, sooner or later there is discontent; and when that discontent is strong enough, there is conflict. So good management of the natural resources, equitable distribution of these resources, is important for peace. At the same time, good management of the natural resources is not possible if you do not have democratic space, respect for human beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.

That is why the three themes are related, like the African stool, with three legs and the basin on which you sit. The three legs : one leg is peace, the other leg is good governance, the third leg is sustainable management of resources. When you have those three legs, now you can put the basin, which is development. And if you try to balance that stool without those three, it won’t happen.

We have not shared our resources equitably. We have allowed some people, especially those in power, to acquire a lot at the expense of the majority. And we have also engaged in conflict.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The discontentment according to Maathai is due to
(A) equitable distribution of natural resources.
(B) good management of natural resources.
(C) bad management of natural resources.
(D) wars
Answer:
(C) bad management of natural resources.

Question 2.
Many wars in the world are fought for
(A) getting power
(B) owning natural resources
(C) getting the little resources that are left.
(D) keeping other people out of reach of left over resources.
Answer:
(B) owning natural resources

Question 3.
The text you have just read is
(A) conversation
(B) skit
(C) autobiographical sketch
(D) narrative.
Answer:
(A) conversation

Question 4.
Which of the following words given in the text means, “involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment” ?
(A) conflict
(B) discontent
(C) management
(D) sustainable
Answer:
(D) sustainable

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Why should we need good management of natural resources ? How is it possible according to Maathai ?
Answer:
According to Maathai good management of the natural resources and equitable distribution of these resources are mportant for peace. If we have democratic space, respect for human beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity; good management of the natural resources is possible.

Question 6.
What are the three themes that lead to development ? What is the thing compared to these three themes and development ?
Answer:
The three themes that lead to development are peace, good governance and sustainable management of resources. These three are related, like the African stool, with three legs (three themes) and the basin on which one sits. The basin is nothing but development.

Question 7.
Why have we engaged in conflict according to Maathai ?
Answer:
According to Maathaì we have not shared our resources equitably. We have allowed some people, especially those in power, to acquire a lot at the expense of the majority. Hence we have engaged ¡n conflict.

(C) Read the following passage.

Now whether this happens at the national level or at the regional level, or even at the global level, sooner or later there is discontent; and when that discontent is strong enough, there is conflict. So good management of the natural resources, equitable distribution of these resources, is important for peace. At the same time, good management of the natural resources is not possible if you do not have democratic space, respect for human beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.

That is why the three themes are related, like the African stool, with three legs and the basin on which you sit. The three legs: one leg is peace, the other leg is good governance, the third leg is sustainable management of resources. When you have those three legs, now you can put the basin, which is development. And if you try to balance that stool without those three, it won’t happen.

We have not shared our resources equitably. We have allowed some people, especially those in power, to acquire a lot at the expense of the majority. And we have also engaged in conflict.

NHK Radio : What was the environment like when you were young, and how did you go about saving it?
W M. : When I was a child, which is almost more than fifty years ago, the environment was very pristine, very beautiful, and very green. We were a British colony, and the British government at that time started to clear cut the indigenous forests in our forested mountains because they wanted to establish commercial plantations of exotic species of trees such as the pines from the northern hemisphere and the eucalyptus from Australia.

These trees are very nice, they grow tall, and they grow very fast, but as they grow they destroy all the local biological diversity. All the flora and fauna disappeared. So although we were getting commercial timber for the growing timber industry, we also destroyed our local flora and fauna.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Wangari pleads for equitable distribution of available resources equitable implies
(A) equal
(B) fair and reasonable
(C) a state of balance
(D) according to work done
Answer:
(B) fair and reasonable

Question 2.
When she was young, the environment was
(A) in green condition
(B) disorderly
(C) polluted
(D) very pristine
Answer:
(D) very pristine

Question 3.
What does an African stool stand for
(A) peace
(B) good governance
(C) sustainable management of resources
(D) All the three mentioned above
Answer:
(D) All the three mentioned above

Question 4.
All the flora and fauna disappeared. Here flora and fauna imply
(A) the atmosphere
(B) trees
(C) plants and animals
(D) animals and trees
Answer:
(C) plants and animals

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.

Question 5.
What aspects do contribute to have peace and no conflicts ?
Answer:
Good management of the natural resources is not possible if people do not have democratic space and respect for human beings, human rights, giving other people dignity. Equitable distribution of these resources, is important for peace.

Question 6.
What does Wangari mean by African stool ?
Answer:
For avoiding conflict three themes are related, like the African stool with three legs and the basin on which you sit. The three legs are symbolic. One leg is peace, the other leg (the second one) Is good governance. The third leg is sustainable management of resources. When you have those three legs, then you can put the basin, which is development. And if you try to balance that stool without those three, it won’t happen.

Question 7.
Wangari Maathai has descirbed the environment of her childhood in the interview. Is the environment of her childhood different from the environment you live in ? If yes, in what ways ?
Answer:
When Wangari Maathai was a child, about fifty years ago, the region was filled with so many Indigenous trees and plants. Environment was very pristine and green. But nowadays, due to the over greed we have cut down many forests and trees. We can’t find any greenery.

(D) Read the following passage.

As a result, these forests, which were the water towers, were no longer able to contain the water, so when the rains fell the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and oceans instead of going down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back to us in the form of rivers. One thing we noted is tha’t not only did the rain patterns change, became less, but also the rivers started drying up. We lost our local biological diversity. So that’s a lot of damage to our environment.

That is why in 1975, at the very first United Nations Conference for Women in Mexico, many of the women were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we need fodder for our animals.” And I was wondering, what has happened ? These are things that were there twenty years ago when I was a child. The environment had changed; and that’s when I started this campaign to restore the vegetation and to restore the land and to rehabilitate the forests.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Why were the forests no longer able to contain the water ?
(A) Because there were no rains
(B) Because the local biological diversity and the flora and fauna had been de¬stroyed.
(C) Because there were no forests.
(D) Because there was no sand on the land.
Answer:
(B) Because the local biological diversity and the flora and fauna had been de¬stroyed.

Question 2.
Which of the following statements is true with reference to the above passage?
(A) Rain patterns change when the environment is destroyed.
(B) We get heavy rains if our environment is destroyed.
(C) We get heavy rains; if water runs downstream and ends up in the lakes and ocean
(D) Underground reservoirs do not help us.
Answer:
(A) Rain patterns change when the environment is destroyed.

Question 3.
Who is ‘I’ in the second paragraph ?
(A) Abdul Kalam
(B) Sundarlal Bahuguna
(C) Wangari Maathai
(D) Secretary of United Nations Conference for Women
Answer:
(C) Wangari Maathai

Question 4.
What did many of the women demand at the United Nations Conference for Women ?
(A) They wanted money for their needs.
(B) They demanded for their basic needs.
(C) They wanted to cut the forests.
(D) They demanded food as they were hungry.
Answer:
(B) They demanded for their basic needs.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What happens initially when the forests are not able to contain the water ?
Answer:
When the rains fall, the water runs downstream and ends up in the lakes and ocean instead of going down into the underground reservoir, which cause less rainfall and make the land day.

Question 6.
What was the final result that comes when the forests are not able to contain the water ?
Answer:
The rain patterns changed. They get less rains. The rivers started drying up. They lost their local biological diversity.

Question 7.
What was the name and purpose of the speaker’s campaign ?
Answer:
The name of the speaker’s campaign was the Green Belt Movement and its purpose was to restore the vegetation and to restore the land and to rehabilitate the forests.

(E) Read the following passage.

Well, the first time when I told them, “Let us plant trees”, the women said they did not know how to plant trees. So I asked the foresters to come and teach them, but they were very com plicated-they are professionals. It became very complicated for ordinary illiterate women so I told the women, “We shall use our common sense, and just do what we do with other seeds.” Women work on the farms. They’re the ones who plant. They’re the ones who cultivate.

They’re the ones who produce food, so I told them that seeds of trees are like any other seeds. So if they were to treat these tree seeds the same way they treat other seeds of food crops, there is no difference. I told them to look for old broken pots even and put seeds there. They will germinate and they will know these are the seedlings from the seeds they planted and we gave I them plastic bags to be able to put those seedlings and to nurture them and when they were about half a meter long then they could go and transplant them on their farms.

In the beginning it was difficult, but they soon gained confidence and they became very competent foresters. So I called them “Foresters without Diplomas”.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
Which of the following words or phrases is not used to describe the women ?
(A) Seeds and trees
(B) Professionals
(C) Competent foresters
(D) Foresters without Diplomas
Answer:
(A) Seeds and trees

Question 2.
What did the speaker want the women to do?
(A) She suggested that they should cut trees.
(B) She suggested that they should collect seeds.
(C) She suggested that they should plant trees.
(D) She suggested that they should use plastic bags.
Answer:
(C) She suggested that they should plant trees.

Question 3.
Why did planting trees become complicated for some women?
(A) Because they were poor
(B) Because they were foresters
(C) Because they were illiterate
(D) Because they had no seeds
Answer:
(C) Because they were illiterate

Question 4.
What was the common sense mentioned here ?
(A) Planting trees is just like planting seeds
(B) Seeds are available in the forest.
(C) Seeds of trees are very difficult.
(D) Seeds of trees are very valuable.
Answer:
(A) Planting trees is just like planting seeds

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What do the women do on farms ?
Answer:
They plant seeds, cultivate and produce food.

Question 6.
How should the seeds of trees be treated according to the speaker ?
Answer:
They should be treated as any other seeds of food crop.

Question 7.
What did they use to grow and germinate and nurture them ?
Answer:
They used broken pots and plastic bags to germinate and nurture them.

(F) Read the following passage.

NHK Radio : Why do you think they responded so well to your message ?
W M : It was a need. When the women said they needed firewood and building material, we responded to that need. Plant trees; then you will have trees for firewood. In the tropics, trees grow very fast. In five to ten years these trees serve as firewood, as building materials.

Once we had planted those trees, we saw the need for them to understand why we have to have good governance; so, it became important to give them civic education so that they could understand how we govern ourselves, why we govern ourselves the way we govern ourselves, why we are managing our environment the way we are managing it.

Because we were dealing with the environment, we gave them education both in civics and also in environment. That made them understand clearly why they should take up the responsibility of protecting their environment that it was not the responsibility of the government or the responsibility of somebody else to come and rehabilitate their environment on their own land. It’s them; it’s their responsibility.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
What kind of text is the passage given here ?
(A) An essay
(B) An autobiography
(C) An interview
(D) A drama
Answer:
(C) An interview

Question 2.
N.H.K. Radio belongs to
(A) Africa
(B) Japan
(C) America
(D) Germany
Answer:
(B) Japan

Question 3.
What was the message of the speaker ?
(A) Collecting seeds
(B) Building houses
(C) Collecting firewood
(D) Planting trees
Answer:
(D) Planting trees

Question 4.
Which of the following is not true according to this passage ?
(A) The government should take the responsibility to rehabilitate the environment.
(B) The women should protect their environment.
(C) It is everybody’s responsibility to protect their environment.
(D) It is the responsibility of the foresters only to their environment.
Answer:
(D) It is the responsibility of the foresters only to their environment.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
What did the speaker suggest to do to get firewood and building material ?
Answer:
The speaker suggested that they should plant trees to get firewood and building material.

Question 6.
Why was civic education important for the women ?
Answer:
Civic education was important for them to make them understand how we govern ourselves, why we govern ourselves the way we govern ourselves, why we are managing our environment the way weare managing it.

Question 7.
What made the women understand clearly their responsibility towards environment?
Answer:
The civic and environmental education made them understand the responsibility towards protecting their environment.

(G) Read the following passage.

NHK Radio : What transformations did you see?

W M : One of the bigger transformations that I saw was that ability of an ordinary, illiterate woman to get to understand and to be able to plant trees that in five or ten years became big trees and she was able to cut them and be able to give herself energy; to be able to sell those trees and give herself an income; to be able to feel confident that she had done something for herself. That sense of pride, sense of dignity that they are not begging, that they are doing things for themselves was very empowering.

That transformation was very powerful. The other is the transformation of the landscape. Places where there was dust, there are no more dust. There are trees, even birds and rabbits. They come back and they make the environment very beautiful. There is a shade and sometimes even dry ‘springs, come back because the water is not running, the water is going into the ground. Very profound transformation.

And the other transformation that I saw was the willingness of the people to fight for their rights; to decide that they have a right to a good clean environment; to decide that they will fight for their forests, they will protect their forests, and they will not allow corrupt leaders to take their public land.

NHK Radio : How do you think you can influence the rest of Africa?
W M : Our efforts will inspire other people to stop wasting their resources and their youth in wars and instead engage in creating a peaceful environment, more peaceful states.

I’m very happy about the fact that now in Africa you see new efforts of ensuring that Africans engage in dialogue, that they invest in peaceful negotiations for conflicts, that we manage our environment. We must restore our environment and try to ensure that we do not fight, because we are allowing the environment, especially the land, to be degraded; and then we fight over agricultural land and grazing land. I see a lot of hope in what is happening in Somalia, what is happening in the Sudan, what is happening in West Africa. I see a lot of African leaders encouraging each other to engage in dialogue.

NHK Radio : What is the one thing we can do ?
W M : For me, my greatest activity is to plant a tree. I think that a tree is a wonderful symbol for the environment and when we plant a tree we plant hope. We plant the future for ourselves, for our children, for the birds. We plant something that will last, long after we are gone.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
The greatest activity according to Maathai is
(A) to engage in creating a peaceful environment.
(B) to stop wasting their resources.
(C) to invest in peaceful negotiations for conflicts.
(D) to plant a tree.
Answer:
(D) to plant a tree.

Question 2.
The people are fighting over agricultural land and grazing land
(A) to degrade the environment.
(B) to restore the environment.
(C) to encourage African leaders to engage in dialogue.
(D) to get food for people as well as animals.
Answer:
(B) to restore the environment.

Question 3.
Which of the following words given in the text means, “discussion” ?
(A) negotiation
(B) transformation
(C) corrupt
(D) effort
Answer:
(A) negotiation

Question 4.
The word ‘they’ in the expression, “They come back and they make the environment very beautiful,” refers to
(A) only birds and rabbits
(B) dust, birds and rabbits.
(C) springs, birds and rabbits
(D) trees, birds and rabbits.
Answer:
(D) trees, birds and rabbits.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
Maathai says, “I see a lot of African leaders encouraging each other to engage in dialogue.” – What do you think would happen if they didn’t engage in dialogue ?
Answer:
If they didn’t engage in dialogue, there would be no peace. The environment wouldn’t be restored. It would be degraded. There would be fights over agricultural land and grazing land.

Question 6.
What is the specific message of Wangari Maathai ?
Answer:
The message of Maathai is to plant a tree that will last long after we are gone. Thus the environment will be rehabilitated. We will obtain good environment.

Question 7.
What does Maathai mean by saying, “When we plant a tree we plant hope” ?
Answer:
Maathai means that a tree is a wonderful symbol for the environment and when we plant a tree, we plant the future for ourselves, for our children, for the birds. She hopes to give the future generation a fresh, clean and a resourceful environment. We plant something that will last, long after we are gone.

(H) Read the following passage.

NHK Radio : How do you think you can influence the rest of Africa ?
WM : Our efforts will inspire other people to stop wasting their resources and their youth in wars and instead I engage in creating a peaceful environment, more peaceful states.

I’m very happy about the fact that now in Africa you see new efforts of ensuring that Africans engage in dialogue, that they invest in peaceful negotiations for conflicts, that we manage our environment. We ‘must restore our environment and try to ensure that we do not fight, because we are allowing the environment, especially the land, to be degraded; and then we fight over agricultural land and grazing land. I see a lot of hope in what is happening in Somalia, what is happening in the Sudan, what is happening in West Africa. I see a lot of African leaders encouraging each other to engage in dialogue.

NHK Radio : What is the one thing we can do ?
WM : For me, my greatest activity is to plant a tree. I think that a tree is a wonderful symbol for the environment and when we plant a tree we plant hope. We plant the future for ourselves, for our children, for the birds. We plant something that will last, long after we are gone.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 1.
What kind of text is the above passage ?
(A) An essay
(B) An autobiography
(C) An interview
(D) An examination
Answer:
(C) An interview

Question 2.
What are Somalia and Sudan ?
(A) Two states in Africa
(B) Two African countries
(C) Two forests in Africa
(D) Two deserts in Africa
Answer:
(B) Two African countries

Question 3.
What happens if we allow fights for the resources ?
(A) The land is to be degraded
(B) The women are to be degraded
(C) Some countries will win
(D) All countries will have to lose their soldiers
Answer:
(A) The land is to be degraded

Question 4.
How does the speaker want to influence the rest of Africa ?
(A) With the fights
(B) With negotiations
(C) With the influence of the efforts already done by her movement.
(D) With women
Answer:
(C) With the influence of the efforts already done by her movement.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question 5.
How can we solve our conflicts in a peaceful manner ?
Answer:
We can solve our conflicts through dialogue and peaceful negotiations.

Question 6.
What is the greatest activity for the speaker?
Answer:
The greatest activity for the speaker is to plant trees.

Question 7.
How does the speaker describe the significance of trees ?
Answer:
The speaker says that a tree is a wonderful symbol for the environment and when we plant a tree, we plant hope. We plant the future for ourselves, for our children, for the birds. We plant something that will last, long after we are gone.

(Q.8 – 12):

(A) Read the following lines carefully.

Out in the East the jungle listens
The tigress, plaintive, growls in pain,
The great trees hear her breathing, shaking
Inside her still, the new lives wait,
These cubs could be the last ones ever
To freely live and roam and mate.
Our grandchild knows the tiger never
Or will the dreamer wake ?

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What does ‘the East’ refer to ?
(A) Asian countries
(B) African countries
(C) Russian countries
(D) East part of Australia
Answer:
(A) Asian countries

Question 9.
What does the jungle in the East listen ?
(A) The songs of the birds
(B) The plaintive growls of the rigress in pain
(C) The roaring of the lions
(D) The sounds of the young tigers
Answer:
(B) The plaintive growls of the rigress in pain

Question 10.
Who is the dreamer in this stanza ?
(A) The modern man
(B) The forester
(C) The woodcutter
(D) The grandchild
Answer:
(A) The modern man

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why does the grandchild never know the tiger ?
Answer:
Tigers will have no place to live and they gradually will disappear.

Question 12.
Why could these cubs be the last cubs ever ?
Answer:
These cubs could be the last because their habitat is going to be destroyed.

(B) Read the following lines carefully.

Far in the North the white bear snuffles
Down in her lair the gleaming snow
She waits for all the life she’s making
Outside the crashing glaciers grow.
These cubs could be the last cubs ever
To freely live and roam and mate.
Our grandchild knows the white bear never
Or will the dreamer wake?

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What is she waiting for ?
(A) snow
(B) a resting place
(C) the new life inside her
(D) glaciers
Answer:
(C) the new life inside her

Question 9.
What grows outside ?
(A) glaciers
(B) new life
(C) the white bear
(D) grass
Answer:
(A) glaciers

Question 10.
Which of the following words means ‘shining softly’ ?
(A) gleaming
(B) glacier
(C) crashing
(D) snuffle
Answer:
(A) gleaming

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
Why do you think the white bear snuffles ?
Answer:
The white bear snuffles for a safe resting place.

Question 12.
What is the poet’s anxiety ?
Answer:
The poet anxiously waits for the dreamer to wake up.

(C) Read the following lines carefully.

Deep in Ocean South the whale swims
Her song of birthing fills the seas
Thousands of creatures wait the moment
The solemn birth that they will see.
This child could sing the final whale song
The last to make the oceans shake.
Our grandchild never hears its mystery
Or will the dreamer wake?

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
“The last to make the oceans shake” -‘The last’here refers to
(A) the song of the whale
(B) the swimming of the whale
(C) the movement of the whale
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) the song of the whale

Question 9.
The whale swims
(A) in the seas
(B) in the oceans
(C) deep in the Ocean South
(D) all the above
Answer:
(B) in the oceans

Question 10.
“Birthing fills” – what is meant by this expression ?
(A) The process of giving birth to a baby
(B) The process of human creation
(C) how cubs are born
(D) how cubs are totally extinct
Answer:
(A) The process of giving birth to a baby

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 11.
What does the poetess say about the whale ?
Answer:
The poetess Medora Chevalier points out that in the South or in the Antarctic Ocean there are many whales in it. Besides, there are a thousand àther creations in the ocean. They are waiting for a glorious movement of giving birth to their babies. The whales live in the Antarctica Ocean. The baby whale would be the last one In the world. Due to the climatic changes which are affecting the world, the living beings are also affected, including that of the whale.

Question 12.
“Our grandchild never hear its mystery” – Explain.
Answer:
The grandchild ¡n this poem symbolises the future generation. They are yet to be born. Hence, they do not know how the whale swims across the oceans and shakes them. There are many mysteries and secrets in the world. The posterity cannot have access to the provisions which we enjoy today.

(D) Read the following lines carefully.

Here in the centre, four directions gather
The path ahead leads up or down
Is this our last bright new world birthing ?
Is this our waving as we drown ?
This could be our last true moment Knowing the truth, our choices make.
Our grandchild asks “That was the moment !
And did the dreamer wake ?”

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What truth should we know ?
(A) We should know the truth that rehabilitation of the environment is an essential need.
(B) We should know the truth that rehabilitation of the environment is not essential.
(C) We should know the truth that we need not work for rehabilitation
(D) We should know the truth that we need to rehabilitate the villages.
Answer:
(A) We should know the truth that rehabilitation of the environment is an essential need.

Question 9.
According to you, why has the dreamer to wake?
(A) Because he has to travel many miles.
(B) It is time he dreamed.
(C) It is time he rehabilitated the environment to save life.
(D) Because he has to wake up many people.
Answer:
(C) It is time he rehabilitated the environment to save life.

Question 10.
The poet has concern for something. What is it ?
(A) The poet’s concern is for the endangered species
(B) The poet’s concern is for the fish to eat
(C) The poet’s concern is for his grandchildren
(D) The poet’s concern is for his life
Answer:
(A) The poet’s concern is for the endangered species

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
What are the four directions referred to ?
Answer:
The four directions are life on different habitats. They are land habitat, water habitat, air habitat and
snow habitat.

Question 12.
Our grandchild asks “That was the moment! And did the dreamer wake ?” What does the poet convey through this line.
Answer:
The four directions are life on different habitats. They are land habitat, water habitat, air habitat and
snow habitat.

(E) Read the following passage.

Mr. Sunday Nana, his wife and four small children live in Koko Village, Nigeria. The village is like any other African village-picturesque, colourful and noisy. The Nana family’s house too, is the same as all the other houses in the village, with mud walls and a rusting corrugated iron roof, and with children and chickens sharing the compound.
There is one difference, however.

Outside Mr. Nana’s front are three large empty metal drums, the bright red paint now flaking away, but the skull and cross bones symbol clearly visible on each. And in a clearing 200m away from the village, next to a stream that the villagers get their drinking water from, is an enormous pyramid of identical drums, reaching to the sky.

Some of them are badly corroded, their slimy contents of various colours – grey, dark green, bright orange, etc. leaking out, down, on to the baked African earth and into the stream. Some have fallen down and rolled or been rolled by playful children – into the bush. Some are smoking in the midday heat. Some are swelling, as if their contents are bursting to get out. Some have already burst.

“They came on a Wednesday,” said Sunday, “Many, many big lorries. They took all day unloading them. No-one told us what was in them. They gave the Chief a brown paper bag. I saw him smiling as the lorries drove away. This was five years ago.

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What does ‘This’ refer to in the expression, “This was five years ago” ?
(A) smiling of the Chief
(B) the lorries unloading the drums
(C) coming on Wednesday
(D) coming on Sunday
Answer:
(B) the lorries unloading the drums

Question 9.
Which of the following words given in the text means, “shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves” ?
(A) corrugated
(B) picturesque
(C) flaking
(D) corrode
Answer:
(A) corrugated

Question 10.
What did the brown paper bag received by the Chief contain ?
(A) slimy contents
(B) chemicals
(C) a report
(D) money
Answer:
(D) money

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
“Some of them are badly corroded, their slimy contents of various colours” What do you think are the slimy contents ?
Answer:
The slimy contents are poisonous chemicals.

Question 12.
Why were the large empty drums placed outside Mr. Nanas’ house ?
Answer:
Some chemical factories of Italy unloaded metal drums of poisonous chemicals near a stream that the villagers get their drinking water from. There were such three large empty metal drums outside Mr.Nana’s house. Some lorries sent by the industrialists from Italy, had unloaded the drums, to get rid of the poisonous chemicals.

(F) Read the following passage.

“They came on a Wednesday,” said Mr. Sunday Nana, “many, many big lorries. They took all day unloading the metal drums. No one told us what was in them. They gave the chief a brown paper bag -1 saw him smiling as the lorries drove away. This was five years ago. Then, three months ago, one of the brightest boys in the village – Thomas Agonyo – started a university in Lagos.

He came home one weekend with a new chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and writing things down and talking to himself and shaking his head. We all thought he had gone mad. Then he called a meeting of the village and told us that the drums contained poisonous chemicals. He said they had come from Italy. But I don’t know where it is. Is it in Europe?”

Mr. Sunday Nana stopped, frowning, a troubled look on his face, “In the last five years, 13 people have died in this village, my own elder brother was one of them. They have been in pain, terrible pain. We have never seen deaths like that before. Lots of our children are sick. We have asked the Government to take the drums away but they do nothing. The Chief says we should move our houses to another place. But we have no money to buy land. We have no choice. We have to stay here.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Why was Thomas Agonyo talking to himself and shaking his head?
(A) He did not like what he was doing.
(B) He was mad.
(C) He was shocked at what he found on the drums.
(D) He did not understand the things printed on the drums.
Answer:
(C) He was shocked at what he found on the drums.

Question 9.
The Government officials permitted the dumping of the drums in the village because they …….
(A) didn’t know what the drums contained.
(B) thought the contents of the drums are not harmful.
(C) didn’t find any other place to dump them.
(D) might have taken money as bribe.
Answer:
(D) might have taken money as bribe.

Question 10.
According to the passage, the villagers could not leave their village because
(A) they got adjusted to the pollution and its effects.
(B) they have no money.
(C) the government does not allow them to shift away.
(D) they are not willing to leave their birth place.
Answer:
(B) they have no money.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 11.
What effects did the chemicals have on the villagers ?
Answer:
Many people have died. They felt severe pain and their children became sick.

Question 12.
What would you do to avoid such dangers, if you were one of the villagers ?
Answer:
If I were one of the villagers, I would not allow the lorry drivers to dump those dangerous drums in the village. I would aware the villagers of the dangers to be faced with the drums.

(G) Read the following passage.

Some of them are badly corroded, their slimy contents of various colours – grey, dark green, bright orange, etc. – leaking out, down, on to the baked African earth and into the stream. Some have fallen down and rolled – or been rolled by playful children- into the bush. Some are smoking in the midday heat. Some are swelling, as if their contents are bursting to get out. Some have already burst.

“They came on a Wednesday,” said Sunday, “Many, many big lorries. They took all day unloading them. No-one told us what was in them. They gave the Chief a I brown paper bag-I saw him smiling as the lorries drove away. This was five years ago. Then three months ago, one of the brightest boys in the village – Thomas Agonyo-started university in Lagos. He came home one weekend with a new Chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and writing things down and talking to himself and shaking his head. We all thought he had gone mad. Then he called a meeting of the village and told us that the drums contained poisonous chemicals. He said they had come from Italy. But I don’t know where that is. Is it in Europe?”

Mr. Sunday Nana stopped, frowning, a troubled look on his face, “In the last five years, 13 people have died in this village, my own elder brother one of them. They have been in pain, terrible pain. We have never seen deaths like that before. Lots of our children are sick. We have asked the Government to take the drums away, but they do nothing. We have written to Italy, but they do nothing. The Chief says we should move our houses to another place. But we have no money to buy land. We have no choice. We have to stay here. “And they” pointing to the mountain of death in the clearing – “are our neighbours.”

Now answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
Thomas Agonyo spent all day looking at the drums because
(A) it was his hobby.
(B) he understood that they were very dangerous.
(C) he was a chemistry student.
(D) he was the founder of the university.
Answer:
(B) he understood that they were very dangerous.

Question 9.
The Chief says, “We have to stay here.” He says so because
(A) they love their native village very much.
(B) they love the mountain of death.
(C) their neighbouring village people don’t allow them.
(D) they are too poor to buy land at some other place.
Answer:
(D) they are too poor to buy land at some other place.

Question 10.
The tone of the expression, “And they are our neighbours,” is
(A) agony.
(B) joy.
(C) anxiety.
(D) excitement.
Answer:
(A) agony.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question 11.
“Many, many big lorries. They took all day unloading them.” — Who sent those big lorries ? What did they contain ?
Answer:
The Italian factories sent those big lorries. They contained poisonous chemicals.

Question 12.
Why do you think the Chief smiled as the lorries drove away ?
Answer:
The people who unloaded drums gave the Chief a brown paper bag which might contain much money. So he smiled as the lorries drove away.

(H) Read the following passage.

. “It happened on April the 26th 1986. I remember the date because it was my mother’s birthday. We heard the explosion early in the morning. We didn’t worry, because there had been explosions before from Chernobyl. But this one was bigger. Everyone stopped what they were doing and listened. Then we ran out into the garden. We could see a cloud of white smoke coming from the nuclear reactor.” Natasha Revenko wiped her hands nervously on her apron. Tears came to the corners of her eyes, and slid slowly down her pinched, pale cheeks.

“It was a Saturday”, she went on, still wiping her hands on her apron. “It was a lovely warm day, and the children played outside all weekend. Even when the dust began to fall, they still played outside. They picked up handfuls of it and threw it at each other, laughing. It as Wednesday before the loudspeaker van came to the village, telling us to keep our children indoors and not to touch the radioactive dust. They also told us to wash down our houses and roads with water.

A week later the children began to vomit. Their hair fell out. They couldn’t eat. They grew so thin, and sores appeared all over their little bodies. Two weeks after that, all three died – all three on the same day.” She broke down now and cried quietly, as she had done many times before. “They’re buried over there.” She pointed to the church graveyard. “Lots of village children are. And adults.”

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices.
Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet.

Question 8.
What is the tone of the expression ‘It was a Saturday’ ?
A) joy
B) agony
C) enthusiasm
D) frustration
Answer:
B) agony

Question 9.
Two weeks after that, all three died on the same day because
A) they played in the garden
B) they were hungry
C) they were not noticed by anybody
D) they were affected by the radioactive dust
Answer:
D) they were affected by the radioactive dust

Question 10.
“She pointed to the church graveyard.” Who is ‘she’ referred to ?
A) a woman in a village
B) the author
C) Natasha Revenko
D) Natasha’s mother
Answer:
C) Natasha Revenko

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 11.
Why didn’t they worry when they heard explosion in the morning ?
Answer:People heard the explosion early in the morning on April the 26th 1986. But they did not worry about the explosion, becuase there had been explosions before from Chernobyl. But on 26th April, the explosion was bigger. Even then they thought it was harmless.

Question 12.
Why did tears come to the corners of Natasha Revenko ?
Answer:
Natasha Revenko was moved to tears when she was recounting what happened on 26th AprIl In 1986. Owing to the death of her children, tears came to the corners of her eyes.

Section – B : Vocabulary & Grammar

(Q.13 – 17):

(A) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

The forested mountains were the source of water and the source of rain, so when you deforest you cause a shortage of water and a change of rainfall patterns and therefore people are not able to get food and water. (13) Therefore, in order for them to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, it is important to have a government that accounts to them, that protects them. (14) That protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives. (15) How is peace connected to a good environment? Many wars that are fought in the world are fought over natural resources. (16) Some wars are fought because the environment is so degraded that it is not able to support communities. (17) And so they fight over the little that is left.
Answer:
13. It is mportant to have a government that accounts to them, that protects them.
14. That protects their interests, that s concerned about their lives.
15. How is peace connected to a good environment?
16. Some wars are fought because the environment is so degraded that It is not able to support communities.
17. And so they fight over the little that Is left.

(B) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet. (13) Well, the first time when I told them, “Let us plant trees”, the women said they did not know how plant trees. (14) So I asked the foresters to come and teach them, but they were very complicated-they are professions. (15) It became very complicated for ordinary illiterate women so I told the women, “We shall used our common sense, and just do what we do with other seeds.” (16) Women work in the farms. (17) They’re the ones plant.
Answer:
13. know how to plant trees
14. they are professionals
15. We shalt use our common sense
16. Women work on the farms
17. the ones who plant

(C) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Our efforts will inspire other people to stop waste their resources and their youth in wars and instead engage in creating a peaceful environment, more peaceful states. (14) I’m very happy to the fact that now in Africa you see new efforts of ensuring that Africans engage in dialogue, that they invest in peaceful negotiations for conflicts, that we manage our environment (15) We must restore our environment and try ensure that we do not fight, because we are allowing the environment, especially the land, to be degraded; and then we fight over agricultural land and grazing land. (16) I see a lot of hope in what is happening in Somalia, what is happening in the Sudan, what is happening in West Africa. (17) I see a lot of African leaders encourage each other to engage in dialogue.
Answer:
13. to stop wasting their resources
14. I’m very happy about the fact
15. and try to ensure
16. I see a lot of hope
17. leaders encouraging each other

(D) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Out in the East the jungle listens
tigress, plaintive, growls in pain,
(14) The great trees hear her shaking
Inside her still, the new lives wait,
(15) These cubs could be the last ones ever
To freely live and roam mate.
(16) Our grandchild the tiger never
(17) Or will dreamer wake?
Answer:
13. Out in the East the jungle listens
The-tigress, plaintive, growls In pain,
14. The great trees hear her breathing a shaking
Inside her still, the new lives wait,
15. These cubs could be the last ones ever
To freely live and roam and mate.
16. Our grandchild knw.s the tiger never
17. Or will th.e dreamer wake?

(E) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) Far in the North the white bear snuffles
Down in her the gleaming snow
(14) She for all the life she’s making
Outside the crashing glaciers grow.
These cubs could be the last cubs ever
To freely live and roam and mate.
(15) Our grandchild knows the bear never
Or will the dreamer wake?
(16) There in West the song thrush warbles
She weaves her nest to hold her clutch
(17) A long wait now to find partner
Answer:
13. Far in the North the white bear snuffles
Down in her lair the gleaming snow
14. She waits for all the life she’s making
Outside the crashing glaciers grow.
15. Our grandchild knows the white bear never
Or will the dreamer wake?
16. There in the West the song thrush warbles
She weaves her nest to hold her clutch
17. A long wait now to find a partner

(F) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

They came on a Wednesday,” said Sunday, “Many, many big lorries. (13) They took all day unload them. No-one told us what was in them. (14) They gave the Chief a brown paper bag-I saw him smiling the lorries drove away. This was five years ago. (15) Then three months ago, one of the brightest boy in the village – Thomas Agonyo started university in Lagos. (16) He came Home one weekend with a new Chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and things writing down and talking to himself and shaking his head. (17) We all thought he had went mad.
Answer:
13. all day unloading them
14. smiling as the lorries drove away
15. one of the brightest boys
16. and writing things down
17. he had gone mad

(G) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13) “They didn’t tell us that the chemicals would be dump in open fields and into ourrivers/’ sighed Vijayasama. We had been thinking the same thoughts. (14) “They didn’t tell us that our women would have to walked ten kilometers every day. (15) They didn’t tell us that we would get ulcer and sores over our bodies. They didn’t tell us…” (16) Her voice trail of. (17) There is so more they didn’t tell you, I thought.
Answer:
13. would be dumped
14. have to walk
15. sores on our bodies
16. voice trailed off
17. is so much they didn’t tell you

(H) Read the following passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered from 13 to 17 at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct them and rewrite the sentences in your answer booklet.

(13)1 touched her gently on the shoulder, leave her to her bitter-sweet memories, and walked on through the silence. It was a ghost town. (14) Any one lived there anymore. (15) They had either died nor been forcibly evacuated. (16) The fields are barren. Nothing grew. Nothing ever would again. There was no bird-song. No rabbit peered at me. (17) No cow endless chewed. No horse neighed.
Answer:
13. shoulder, leaving her
14. No one lived there
15. either died or been
16. fields were barren
17. No cow endlessly chewed

(Q.18 – 22):

(A) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

drinking, about, degradedof, startedthe, ruined

NHK Radio : How did you become aware of (18) the environment?
Wangari Maathai: From the time we started (19), we were trying to respond to the basic needs of people in the rural areas; and people were asking for clean drinking (20) water, for food, for energy (which is mostly firewood), for building material, for fodder for the animals. And all these come from the (21) land. So we knew that what the people in the rural areas were asking for had to do with the environment. They did not have those things because the environment was degraded (22). So, from the very beginning we understood that we have to rehabilitate the environment.

(B) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

such as, fine, government, of, pristine, local, indigenous, stop, establish

When I was a child, which is almost more than fifty years ago, the environment was very pristine (18), very beautiful, and very green. We were a British colony, and the British government (19) at that time started to clear cut the indigenous (20) forests in our forested mountains because they wanted to establish (21) commercial plantations of exotic species of trees such as (22) pine and eucalyptus.

(C) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

beautiful, into, where, are, not

The other is the transformation of the landscape. Places where (18) there was dust, there are no more dust. There are (19) trees, even birds and rabbits. They come back and they make the environment very beautiful (20). There is a shade and sometimes even dry springs come back because the water is not (21) running, the water is going into (22) the ground. Very profound transformation.

(D) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

mate, tall, last, great, the, best, shaking

Out in the East the jungle listens
The tigress, plaintive, growls in pain,
The great (18) trees hear her breathing, shaking (19)
Inside her still, the new lives wait,
These cubs could be the last (20) ones ever.
To freely live and roam and mate (21).
Our grandchild knowsthe (22) tiger never.
Or will the dreamer wake?

(E) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

making, cast, knows, a, north, the, lair

Far in th e north (18) the white bear snuffles
Down in her lair (19) the gleaming snow
She waits for all the life she ‘s making (20)
Outside the crashing glaciers grow.
These cubs could be the last cubs ever To freely live and roam and mate.
Our grandchild knows (21) the white bear never
Or will the (22) dreamer wake?

(F) Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

The, with, and, live, as
.
Mr. Sunday Nana, his wife and (18) Four small children live (19) in Koko Village, Nigeria the (20) village is like any other African village picturesque, colourful and noisy. The Nana family’s house too, is the same as (21) all the other houses in the village, with (22) mud walls and a rusting corrugated iron roof, and with children and chickens sharing the compound.

G. Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

thinking, much, get, us, into

“They didn’t tell us (18) that the chemicals would be dumped in open fields and into (19) our rivers” sighed Vijayasama. We had been (20) the same thoughts. “They there twenty years ago when I thinking (20) a child. The environment has get (21) and that’s when I started this campaign to restore the vegetation and to restore the land and to much (22) the forests.

H. Complete the following passage choosing the right words from those given in the box. Write the answers in your answer booklet.

The, chewed, war, or, at

I touched her gently on the shoulder, leaving her to her bitter-sweet memories, and walked on through the silence. It was (18) a ghost town. No one lived there anymore. They had either died or (19) been forcibly evacuated the (20) fields were barren. Nothing grew. Nothing ever would again. There was no bird-song. No rabbit peered at (21) me. No cow endlessly chewed (22). No horse neighed.

(Q.23 – 27):

(A) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

From the time we started, we were trying to respond to the basic needs(23) of people in the rural(24) area and people were asking for cleanly(25) drinking water, for food, for energy (which is mostly firewood), for building material, for fodder for the animals. Amd all these come from the land. So we knew that what the people in the rural areas were asking for had to do with the environment. They did not have those things because thd environment was degraded. So from the very beginning we understood that we have to rehabilitate the environment.

The forested mountains were the source of water but(26) and the source of rain, so when you deforest, you cause a shortage of water and a change of rainfall patterns and therefore people are not able to got(27) food and water. Therefore, in order for them to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, it is important to have a government that accounts to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.

Question 23.
Write the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
Requirements / necessities

Question 24.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
urban

Question 25.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.
Answer:
clean

Question 26.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
Answer:
and

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with the correct form of the verb.
Answer:
get

(B) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

The forested mountains was(23) the source of water and the source of rain, so when you deforest, you cause a shortage(24) of water and a change of rainfall patterns(25) and therefore people are not able to get food and water. Therefore, in order for them to have good environment that can sustain their livelihoods, it is important to have a government that accounts to them, that protects(26) them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their lives.

NHK Radio : How is peace connected to a good environment?
W M : Many wars that are fought in the world are fought over natural resources.

Some wars are fought because the environment is so degraded(27) that it is not able to support communities and so they fight over the little that is left. Others are fought because some people want to take a lot of the resources, to control them, and to keep many other people out.

Question 23.
Use the correct form of the be-form of the underlined word.
Answer:
were

Question 24.
Write the antonym of “shortage”.
Answer:
surplus; plenty; excess

Question 25.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
noun

Question 26.
Write the noun form of the verb protect.
Answer:
protection

Question 27.
Write the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
debased

(C) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

As a result, these forests, which were the water towers, were no long(23) able to contained (24) the water, so when the rains fell the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and oceans instead of go(25) down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back to us in the form of rivers. One thing we noted is that not only did the rain patterns change, became less, but also the rivers started drying up. We lost our local biological diversity. So that’s a lot of damage to our environment.

That is why in 1975, at the very first United Nations Conference for Womeh in Mexico, many of the women were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean(26) drinking water, we need fodder for our animals”. And I was wondering, what has happened. These are things that were there twenty years ago when I was a child. An environment had changed; and that’s when I started this campaign to restore the vegetation and to restore the land and to rehabilitate(27) the forests.

Question 23.
Write the suitable form to be used in the underlined context.
Answer:
longer

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
contain

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with the correct form of the verb.
Answer:
going

Question 26.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
dirty

Question 27.
Write the word that is the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
restore

(D) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Once we had planted those trees, we saw the need (23) for them to understand why we have to have good governance; so it became importance (24) to given(25) them civic education so that they could understand how we govern ourselves, why we govern ourselves the way we govern ourselves, why we are managing our environment the way we are managing it.

Because we were dealing with the environment, we gave them education both in civics and also in environment. That made them understand clearly why they should take out(26) the responsibility of protecting their environment- that it was not the responsibility of the government or the responsibility of somebody else to come and rehabilitate their environment on their own land. It’s them; it’s their responsibility(27).

Question 23.
Write the word that is the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
requirement

Question 24.
Write the correct form of the underlined word.
Answer:
important

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with the correct form of the verb.
Answer:
give

Question 26.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb with a suitable one.
Answer:
take up

Question 27.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
irresponsibility

(E) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

Mr. Sunday Nana, his wife and four small children live in Koko Village, Nigeria . The village is like any other African village-picturesque, colourful and noisy. The Nana family’s house too, is the same as all the other houses in the village, with mud walls and a rustling(23) corrugated iron roof, and with children and chickens sharing the compound.

There is one difference, however. Outside Mr. Nana’s front are three large empty metal drums(24), the bright red paint now flaking away, but the skull and crossbones symbol clearly visible(25) on each. And in a clearing 200m away from the village, next to a stream that the villagers get their drinking water from, is an enormous pyramid of identical(26) drums, reaching to the sky.

Some of them are badly corroded, their slimy contents of various colours – grey, dark green, bright orange, etc. – leaking out, down, on to the baked African earth and into the stream. Some have fallen down and rolled – or been rolled by playful children – into the bush. Some are smoking in the midday heat. Some are swelling, as if their contents are bursting to get out. Some have already bucst(27).

Question 23.
Use the right word for the underlined one.
Answer:
rusting

Question 24.
Name the part of speech of the word underlined.
Answer:
noun

Question 25.
What is the synonym of the word visible ?
Answer:
noticeable, observable

Question 26.
Write the antonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
different

Question 27.
Write the other forms of the verb burst.
Answer:
burst(v) – burst – burst;

(F) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

“They came on a Wednesday”, said Sunday, “Many, much(23) big lorries. They took all day unloading them. No-one told us what was in them. They gave the Chief a brown paper bag — I saw him smiling as the lorries drove away. This was five years before(24). Then three months ago, one of the brightest boy(25) in the village Thomas Agonyo – started university in Lagos.

He came home one weekend with a new(26) Chemistry book, and spent all day looking at the drums and writing things down and talking to himself and shaking his head. We all thought he had gone mad. Then he called a meeting of the village and told us that the drums contained poisonous(27) chemicals. He said they had come from Italy. But I don’t know where that is. Is it in Europe ?”

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with the correct one.
Answer:
many

Question 24.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
ago

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with the correct form.
Answer:
boys

Question 26.
Write the antonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
old

Question 27.
Write the synonym of the underlined word.
Answer:
toxic

(G) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

We stood silent, each thinking our own thoughts. Yes, they told you all that. But there is so many(23) they didn’t tell you. They didn’t tell you that to change animal skins into leather – which they call tanning – uses as many as 250 different chemicals, including heavy(24) metals such as cadmium”, arsenic and chromium. They didn’t tell you that this(25) chemicals are discharged(26) into the environment from those chimney stacks and fall on the earth for miles round(27), polluting the earth below. They didn’t tell you that this would poison your fields, so that nothing will grow,

Question 23.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable one.
Answer:
much

Question 24.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
light

Question 25.
Replace the underlined word with a suitable word.
Answer:
these

Question 26.
Write the word that has the similar meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
released

Question 27.
Replace the underlined word with a correct one.
Answer:
around

(H) Some words/sentences in the following passage are underlined. Rewrite them as directed in your answer booklet.

“It was a Saturday”, she went on, still wiping her hands on her apron. “It was a lovely warmly(23) day, and the children played outside all weekend. Even when the dust began to falling(24), they still played, outside. They picked up handfuls of it and threw it at each other, laughing. It was Wednesday before the loudspeaker van came to the village, telling us to keep our children indoors and not to touch the radioactive dust. They also told us to wash(25) down our houses and roads with water. A week later the child(26) began to vomit. Their hair fell out. They couldn’t eat. They grew so thin, and sores appeared(27) all over their little bodies. Two weeks after that, all three died – all three on the same day”. She broke down now and cried quietly, as she had done so many times before. “They’re buried over there”. She pointed to the church graveyard. “Lots of village children are. And adults”.

Question 23.
Write the correct form of the word underlined.
Answer:
warm

Question 24.
Write the suitable form of the word underlined.
Answer:
fall

Question 25.
Write the word that gives similar meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
clean

Question 26.
Write the correct form of the word underlined.
Answer:
children

Question 27.
Write the word that is opposite in meaning of the underlined word.
Answer:
disappeared

Section – C : Creative Writing (Discourses)

(Q. 28):

(A) In the lesson ‘Environment’, you have read about the interview given by Wangari Maathai about environmental pollution and the need to rehabilitate the environment. Write an interview with any environmentalist.
Answer:
Interview with environmentalist, “Plityanand Jayaraman”. – by Vashtl Magazine :
Q. What incident has shocked you and moved you as an environmentalist in these past years
of campaigning ?
NITYANAND : When I was travelling with my 6 year old daughter to Tirunelveli, I showed her the Tamraparanl river Tamil Nadu. She wondered because it’s not stinking like Adyar river. It was after my daughters’ sensibility that I realised drastically the environmental experience for our children.

Q. How do you think people are poisoning themselves and the environment that immediately surrounds them?
NITYANAND : Our society, the sellers – the corporations, men and women who use cosmetics never pay much attention towards the chemicals used in every product. The use of differentbeauty products, fertilizers, insecticides leather everything involves toxic materials that are manufactured at large scale in the factories and pollute the air.

Q. Could you list scientifically proven common ailments that can be related to environmental toxicity ?
NITYANAND : Asthma, stroke, cardiovascular problems, etc. Cancer is caused by toxic chemicals such as benzene, Vinyl Chloride, dioxins and furans most of which are emitted when plastic is burnt. The mental disorders are caused by the heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Skin and nasal cancers occur with usage of Arsenic and Chromium.

Q. Can you suggest practical ways to detoxify ourselves or our habitat even when we cannot change the entire environment ?
NITYANAND : I suggest two important ways
(i) Reduce or eliminate the use of Synthetic Cosmetics.
(ii) Be very careful with food items like eggs, chicken, meat, fish and milk.

Q. What difference can an average woman make for sensitizing her world through her various, roles – as mother, wile, sister, teacher, doctor, etc. ?
NITYANAND : As caregivers, women are left with onerous responsibility of making choices that will affect the health of people in their care. Women play, a key role and exercise choices that will leave them and their families healthier.
VT Magazine: Thank you.

(B) In the lesson ‘Environment’, Wangari Maathai described the environment when she was young. Now you describe the environment in which you live.
Answer:
Description :
A clean environment is very necessary to live a peaceful and healthy life. But our environment is getting toxic and dirty day by day. We do not have natural surroundings to grow, nourish and glorify our life. The plant life and animal habitat is disappearing gradually making the environment parch and lifeless.

The air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, and deformed patterns of rain and other dangerous disaster are created in the name of technological development. The natural components used as resources are explošted by some human be)ngs in order to fulfB their purpose. Artificially prepared fertilizers are spoiling the earth and indirectly poisoning our food causing many Incurable diseases. However, the ecological balance is completely disturbed and we find very less scope for bringing biological diversity into existence.

(C) Write a choreography for the poem “Or Will the Dreamer Wake”.
Answer:
TItle : Extincting Animals
Location : jungles, snowy areas of polar regions, seas or oceans.
Characters Involved : the masks of tiger, bear, bird and whale provided to children.
Theme : a fear and concern for the extinction of wildlife and degradation of environment.
Sub-theme : (i) the extinction of wildlife from forests
(ii) the last generation of animals like polar bear, thrush bird, whale, etc.
(iii) the lack of awareness for the future generations due to disappearance of wild life.
(iv) The responsibility of human beings towards conservation of wildlife and appraising to the future generation.

Theme
Stanza wise : (i) the tiger’s cubs to be the last ones to roam and mate
Stanza 1 : (ii) trying to awaken the instinct In human for its sustenance

Stanza 2 : (i) the polar bear’s painful waiting for her last cubs
(ii) the grandchild’s ignorance of the wildlife due to its absence

Stanza 3 : (i) the thrush bird’s eager waiting for the last chicks.
(ii) the dreamer’s apathy towards the degeneration of bird life

Stanza 4 : (i) the whale’s birthing creates a great momentum in the ocean.
(ii) the other sea creatures waiting for the solemn birth of the whale

Stanza 5 : (i) the concern of the poet for the evolution of the last generation
(ii) the choice to be made by the human life

Action involved : Stanza 1 : growling, breathing, shaking
Stanza 2 : snufflIng, waiting
Stanza 3 : warbling, weaving
Stanza 4 : swimming, waiting
Chorus : A background music of melancholy
Students sing or say in rhythm maintaining the disdainful tone

(D) In the C Reading Koko Village, Nigeria, you must have read that Thomas Agonyo, a young scientist called a meeting of the village to tell about the poisonous chemicals in the corroded drums. Sunday Nana who was worried about the details, writes a letter to the government of Italy to vacate their place which is filled with drums.

Write a letter on behalf of Sunday Nana.
Note:* This question may be asked in Paper – II as it is a ‘Letter’.
* This question may be asked in Paper -1 as it is taken from Textbook.
Answer:
No.25, Daniel Street
Koko Village
12th August 2019
The President
Government of Italy.

Reverend Presidential Highness,

I am a resident of Koko village in Nigeria and trying to bring to your notice about the chaos created in our village, due to the dumping of some Iron drums with poisonous chemicals from your country. We live in a peaceful environment and we are contented to have a simple and modest life. The corrosive drums that landed up in our village Just a little far away from my house release some poisonous contents that pollute our environment, water and endanger our lives. We are so ignorant that we did not know these facts until recently. We cannot put our lives and our kids at risk. When one of our local boys who was doing his research revealed that they are death causing, we are panic. The Chief instructs us to leave the land and go away to protect ourselves. But we do not have money to buy land and settle somewhere else. Moreover, why should we suffer for his benefit or your industrialists.

Kindly take the above issue seriously and remove the dangerous objects from our area and save our lives.

Looking forward for a positive action.

Yours faithfully
Sunday Nana
(a resident of Koko village)

(E) In the lesson ‘Ponnimanthuri Village, India’ you have read that how the leather industry destroyed the lives of people. Describe the feelings of Vijayasama after her conversation with the reporter or the people who visited her.
Answer:
How foolish we were1 We believed their words. They made us believe that we would get jobs and become rich. There were many things they had not told us. The factory uses many poisonous chemicals and metals which are very dangerous for our lives. They did not tell us that those chemicals are discharged into the environment from those chimney stacks and fall to earth for miles around, polluting the earth below.

They did not tell us that this would poison our fields, so that nothing will grow, They did not tell us, that the chemicals would be dumped in open fields and into our rivers. They did not tell us that our women would have to walk ten kilometres every day for water. We do not know that we would get ulcer and sores on our bodies. Totally they cheated us by keeping many things unrevealed.

(F) You have met Mr. Sunday Nana in Koko village. He has a troubled look on his face. Now write a possible imaginative conversation between you and Nana.
Answer:
I : Good morning, Sir.
Nana : Good morning. May I know who you are ?
I : I come from India, I want to know about the conditions prevailing here.
Nana : What to tell ? We are much distressed.
I : I can guess from your troubled face. What happened, sir ?
Nana : We used to be very happy previously. During the last five years 13 people died in this village.
I : Death is natural.
Nana : They are not natural deaths.
I : Why do you feel like that ?
Nana : Some drums were dumped in our village. They have poisonous chemicals in them.
1 : Oh! I see.
Nana : Children played where the corrosive chemicals had flown out. Due to that they became ill. We asked the Government to remove the drums. But they didn’t pay any heed.
I : Really terrible. I am sorry.

(Q. 29):

(A) In the lesson, ‘Environment’, you have read the interview with Wangari Maathai, an environmental activist. She made her efforts in reforestation.

Now, imagine yourself as the Pupil Leader of your school and prepare a notice to celebrate ‘World Environment Day’ in your school. (March 2018)
Answer:

NOTICE
GANDHI HIGH SCHOOL,
Station Road, Nizamabad,
WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY

Date : 10-11-2019

This is to inform all the students that the Green Belt Movement volunteers, prominently called Forest lovers’ from Hyderabad have done a lot of work in raising awareness among the people about how all of us make our surroundings neat, clean, green and healthy. To cooperate with them we have celebrated a Green Day in our school. Each one of the students has planted a sapling and adopted it to take care of It. We have enjoyed it very much, It is a memorable day in our lives. I wish to celebrate it and to the same every year.

Akhil,
(Pupil Leader)

(B) In the lesson ‘Environment’, you must have read that Wangari Maathai helped and guided the women to plant trees.
Imagine that you were one of the women and write a diary entry about the incident.
Answer:
12th August 2019
9 pm

It was really a wonderful day when I first met Wangari Maathai. She was amazing! I admire her confidence and placidity in dealing with problems. When we, women went forward to ask her for the basic needs, she smiled at us and spend some time talking to us about our livelihood, needs and problems. She is very patient to explain the things like growing plants from sowing the seeds to germinating them.

When the foresters refused to teach us how to grow plants, we were so upset. But Wangari Maathai made it so easy to learn the planting of seeds and growing them.

Actually, we do this at fields with our food crops. She advised us to follow the same procedure. In the begining, It was strange to do the work. But after nurturing the seeds and transplanting them, we felt quite confident about the process that we could achieve success. This have made us feel proud of ourselves to become self-reliant and self-dignified. Now we need not beg anybody as we know how to earn our own income. Empowerment in us Is a kind of Renaissance. Now we feel confident to do any work easily and fulfil our basic needs.

Thanks to our leader, Wangari Maathai who showed us a way to lead an independent and respectable life. We can plant trees, promote healthy environment though we were illiterates. People started calling us Foresters without Diplomas”. Is it not a grace for the women ?

Ebenezer

(C) In the lesson ‘Environment’, Wangari Maathai described the environment when she was young. Now write a diary describing the environment in which you live.
Answer:
Diary : 24.02.2019

Now I am very much worried to live in this environment. J have heard from Mathi about the environment, when she was young. But now it is quite different, we all know that a clean environment is very necessary to live a peaceful and healthy life. But we should accept that our environment Is getting spoilt day by day. We do not have natural surroundings to enjoy a peaceful life. The plant life and animal habitat is disappearing gradually making the environment parch and lifeless.

The air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, acid rain and other dangerous disasters have been created in the name of technological development. The natural resources are exploited by some human beings in order to fulfil their greedy purpose. Artificially prepared fertilizers are spoiling the earth and indirectly poisoning our food causing many incurable diseases. However, the ecological balance is completely disturbed and we find very less scope for bringing biological diversity into existence. But we can control this to some extent, if we take much. It is done only when the government and the people strike hard in this direction. We hope we can achieve it.

(D) In the interview with Wangari Maathai, she explained to the NHK Radio, how she had taught the women in Africa to plant trees.
On the Green Day, in your school you might have planted a sapling and adopted it to take care of it.
Now, make a diary entry about your feelings on this memorable day. (June 2018)
Answer:
Diary Entry:
19.8.2019

Dear Diary,

It was a memorable day for me. It was a fun-filled work for all of us, The teachers organised a tree plantation drive on the Green Day with the help and support of the agricultural and forestry department of the government. Several saplings of Neem, Eucalyptus, Gulrnohar were planted around the school boundary. In the gardent fruit trees like Litchi and mango found pride of place. All the students were divided into groups. Each group was supervised by a techer. Each group chose one sport and planted the saplings. I planted a neem sapling and adopted it to take care of it. In the same way each student adopted a plant. Every day I shall water the plant.

Planting trees is very advantageous. Trees help in protecting the environment, prevent soil erosion and make the general atmosphere more aesthetic. Most of all, more the number of trees, the greater the degree of oxygen released into the atmosphere which is the life blood for human beings. They help the area shady and cool. Keeping all this in view I decided to plant a tree on my every birthday.

Srikanth.