TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Study Material Pdf Telangana 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 10th Lesson Questions and Answers – Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 1.
Why did the people of Jalsindhi village refuse do move out of the village?
Answer:
The people of Jalsindhi village were living in nature and with environment. Their lifestyle was totally connected with the nature. They refused to live in Gujarat. They were born from the belly of the Narmada. They were ready to die in her lap. So they refused to move out of the village.

Question 2.
“This Is the land of our forefathers. We have a right to it. If this is lost, then we will only get spades and pickaxes, nothing else .e says Bava Mahaliya. Can you explain the statement?
Answer:
They got the land from their forefathers. If that right was lost, they had to live as labourers by digging the earth in towns as construction labourers.

Question 3.
“Last, but not the least, the key to environmental problems lies in changing lifestyles that will minimize waste and pollution.”
(i) What are the various ways in which our lifestyles affect the environment? Use examples from your own context to explain.
Answer:
“One person alone cannot save the Planet’s biodiversity, but each individual’s effort to encourage nature’s wealth must not be underestimated”.

The various ways ‘n which our lifestyles affect the environment:

  1. The industries we established pollute the air we breathe.
  2. Certain industries and human beings make it common practice to dump and pollute our water systems every day without any concern of the enormous affects it has on living things.
  3. The precious land s subjected to harsh chemicals and hazardous dumping on a regular basis.
  4. One of the biggest pollutants and contributors to global warming is the houses we live due to the carbon dioxide they pump Into the environment each and every day through burnt fossil fuels from the power stations that apply us with electricity.

(ii) Find out about the various ways in whIch the problems of garbage and emissions are being dealt with around the world.
Answer:

  1. The best way of dealing with waste, both economically and environmentally, is to avoid creating It the first place. People and business that use resources wisely not only save money but also have much less impact on the environment.
  2. Making products that are more durable, repairable, reusable, and recyclable would help out down on the amount of waste being created.
  3. Encouraging people and business to re-use goods via charity shops or other re-uses networks would he boost markets for second-hand items.
  4. Reducing the amounts of hazardous, harmful, or difficult-to-recycle substances In products or materials would help to protect the environment as well as improve the efficiency with which resources are used.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 4.
Rapid extraction of minerals and other natural resources would adversely impact the future development prospects. Do you agree?
Answer:

  1. Yes, I agree with this statement.
  2. We are extracting minerals and natural resources rapidly.
  3. Modem industrial development and agricultural development are intensive in use of minerals and natural resources-
  4. If this extraction goes on like this, the mineral deposits and natural resources will be depleted.
  5. The extent of our current use of minerals and natural resources is such that the chances of future generations to have access to their fair share of scarce resources are endangered.
  6. Moreover, the consequences in terms of impacts on the environment may induce serious damages that go beyond the carrying capacity of the environment.

Question 5.
Why do you think the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries?
Answer:
Many global issues are climate-related, including basic needs such as food, water, health, and shelter. Changes in climate may threaten these needs with increased temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in precision. etc.
Climate change also threatens key natural resources, affecting water and food security. So conflicts, mass migrations, health impacts, and environmental stresses happened. So I think the effects of climate change may be felt by all countries.

Question 6.
Should the average temperature of the earth be treated as s natural resource for all people? Why?
Answer:

  1. Temperature in Antarctica – 89.2°C
  2. Temperature in Sahara desert – 58°C.
  3. Temperature in Asia – 45°C.
  4. The average temperature of the Earth is 15°C (According to NASA In 2008) Even though the variations In temperatures are too high in different regions the average temperature of the earth is reasonable. So it should be treated as a natural resource for all people.

Question 7.
What are the lessons to be drawn from the alternate POS initiative at Zaheerabad mandate in Telangana?
Answer:
Lessons to be drawn from the alternate PDS:

  1. Many lessons can be drawn from the alternate PDS initiative of Zaheerabad area of Telangana.
  2. We have to reverse the dependence on crops. like wheat and rice.
  3. We can adapt to crops like millets.
  4. Millets are hardy crops and nutritious.
  5. A community can cultivate and start community grain banks.
  6. Manage local grain and ensure food security in the village.

Question 8.
The environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities and the lifestyles of local communities are harmonious with the environment Explain.
Answer:

  1. For most rural communities, the link between the environment and the lives of people is very strong.
  2. Access to environment serves their needs like food, firewood, fodder, and commercially valuable articles. etc.
  3. They lose out all if they are displaced.
  4. The environment is denuded of its rich biodiversity and itch traditional knowledge.
  5. With It, they can make good contributions to environment when it is endangered.
  6. So, environment is crucially important for the lives and livelihoods of the local communities.
  7. The lifestyle of local communities also should be in harmony with the environment.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 9.
Locate The i) River Narmada ii) Sardar Sarovar Project in the map of India.
Answer:
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 1

Debate

Is it better, to overuse of pesticides and New variety seeds in the name of High yielding in agriculture or not? Conduct a debate on it.
Answer:
Agricultural development continues to remain the most important objective of Indian planning and policy. In this process, pesticides and HYVs have become an important tools.

However, exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health problems.

It has been observed that the pesticide exposures are increasingly linked to immune suppression, hormone disruption, diminished intelligence, reproductive abnormalities and cancer. Currently, India is the largest producer of pesticides in Asia and ranks twelfth in the world for the use of pesticides. So it is not better to overuse of pesticides and new variety seeds in the name of High yielding in agriculture.

Project

You have read about composting in the context of organic farming. Here is a simple method that you can try out in your school and home.
Take a large size container and make several holes for water drainage.
Layer it with coconut fibers for drainage.
Cover it with a thin layer of soil.
Add vegetable wastes in a layer.
Add another layer of soil.
Again add vegetable wastes in a layer.
Cover with soil.
After one week, introduce earthworms in it.
After decomposition, use the soil to make a small garden with plants of your choice.
Answer:
Self Activity

TS 10th Class Social 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity Intext Questions

Page No. 146

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the inequality in India based on the graphs and figures.
Graph 1: Distribution of households
In India based on annual Income (2010 survey)
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 2
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 4
Answer:
Graph 1 shows the distribution of households in India based on annual income. It gives the details of rich people, middle class, below middle class, and poor people. We can see a lot of differences in terms of inequality. There are 135 million households with annual income Rs. 1.5 lakhs, 71 million households with income between Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 3.4 lakhs, 31 million households with income between Rs. 3.4 to Rs. 17 lakhs whereas 3 million households are there with annual income above Rs. 17 Lakhs.

Graph 2 depicts that the total wealth held by Billionaires. When compared to 1996 and 2004, the total wealth by Billionaires had enormous increase in 2011. Graph 3 shows increase in the number of Billionaires. These were 3 billionaires in 1996, 9 billionaires in 2004 but the number of billionaires was 56 in 2011 which shows an enormous increase between 2004 and 2011.

The figures show the living conditions of the rich and the poor. The rich are getting richer and richer whereas the poor are getting poorer and poorer. The rich are leading comfortable lives and the poor are living in pitiable conditions without even basic amenities. People with education, skill, and wealth have made the best use of opportunities.

On the other hand, there are many people who have not shared the benefits, People with high income and wealth are the ones who have all the choices in the world to buy and consume. While some enjoy world-class living comforts, the vast majority, without proper employment and adequate incomes, are still deprived of minimum necessities for decent living. Such wide inequalities in incomes and opportunities across people cannot be the basis for a just society.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Page No. 148

Read chapters Indian Agriculture and Industry from your class IX textbook.
Question 2.
How have they discussed issues of disparity and distribution and access to resources in these two contexts?
Answer:

  1. There are disparities in cultivating various crops and areas under such crop cultivation.
  2. The land distribution was not equitable, more land was concentrated in the hands of large farmers and landlords.
  3. Small landholdings were there for many small and marginal farmers.
  4. There were irrigation facilities for only 40% of the total land cultivated.
  5. When it comes to industries, we lack in sophisticated technologies and in adaption of them.
  6. The capital required did not meet through mobilization and expansions of industries were not in large scale.
  7. There is shortage of skilled labourers and the wages paid were also low.
  8. Post globalization era changed these situations to some extent of improvement.

Question 3.
Identify how the Idea of development has been contested through problems of environment.
Answer:

  1. The idea of development has been contested through problems of environment.
  2. The groundwater levels fell rapidly and groundwater recharge Is also not to the expected level.
  3. Fertilizers made the soil less fertile and ever-increasing costs to farmers.
  4. Industrialisation has resulted in a world where natural resources are threatened.
  5. Industrialisation has resulted In disruption of climate.
  6. Economic development focussed narrowly on GDP sprigs from its neglect of environment.
  7. Environmental resources have been used up and damaged to an unprecedented extent.
  8. There occurred long-term damages to environment.

Question 4.
What kind of environmental problems did the spread of groen revolution create? What lesson does this have for the future?
Answer:

  1. The Green Revolution has brought in several environmental imbalances.
  2. The High Yielding Variety seeds usage required plenty of water.
  3. Number of tube-wells were increased over the years, the groundwater level fell rapidly which meant that less groundwater is available for future use.
  4. Green Revolution resulted in a loss of soil fertility.
  5. The soil was deprived of normal production of microorganisms.
  6. Chemical fertilizers polluted groundwaters, rivers, lakes, etc.
  7. Thus, it resulted in ever-increasing costs of farmers.

Page No. 149

Question 5.
Why do you think has the modern method of lifting water proved to be unsustainable?
Answer:

  1. The modem method of lifting water has proved to be unsustainable,
  2. Initially, there was relief from drudgery, and lifting of water with pumps was easy.
  3. With the lifting of groundwater by electric and motor pumps, water tables started going down.
  4. Nearly 1/3 of the country ¡s pumping out grounðwater than what goes in as recharge.
  5. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 mIs during the past 20 years.
  6. Groundwaters are also becoming unsafe and being contaminated by chemical Industrial waste.

Page No. 151

Question 6.
Environment is also called natural capital. Recall the definition of capital from Chapter 8. Why do you think environment Is called natural capital?
Answer:

  1. Capital from Chapter 9 defines as the money needed to meet the inputs of agriculture and the raw materials for production.
  2. They also included factors et production like land. Labour on which money is to be spent.
  3. Many naturally existing substances like land, water, minerals, and ores, products from trees and animals are central to the production processes.
  4. All the sectors of economy too are dependent on natural resources in various degrees, i.e. environments source function.
  5. Thus, we can say that environment is natural capital.

Question 7.
Why should water be considered as common property?
Answer:

  1. Water is available to us through the nature.
  2. We can have access to it from different sources like underground water, canals, tanks and rivers. etc
  3. It’s a compulsory part of living.
  4. Thus It is common for all and is called cannon property.
  5. We sham have it and retain ¡t for the future generations.
  6. We have used it and this extra use Is causing a concern of future availability.
  7. Underground waters are to be recharged and we should see that they are not contaminated.
  8. For a better quality of life to everyone, water is necessary. So water is considered as common property.

Question 8.
Why was it considered necessary to go to court to stop the use of endosulfan?
Answer:

  1. In 1976, to protect cashew crops the government sprayed the pesticide endosulfan by helicopter over 15,000 acres of land in Kasargod in Kerala.
  2. The air, water, and entire environment was suffused with the pesticide.
  3. Caused Serious health problems to local people. especially agricultural labourers.
  4. At least 5,000 people died and far countless lite became miserable.
  5. So lees necessary for toot court to slop the use of endosulfan.
  6. In recent years, the use of endosulfan were banned by court order.

Question 9.
The coral order banning the rae of endosulfan argued that the pesticide violated the Flagro to Life (Article 21 of the Constitution). Can you describe the use of endosulfan had violated people’s Right t Lie?
Answer:

  1. The Constitution guarantees Right to Lite under Article 21 of It.
  2. It states that every Individual has the right to lead We which is secured.
  3. But the spraying of pesticides, and written claimed the Ives of 5,000 people
  4. Apart from tire, a hee-turned-cancer aid determines which trade tile is worse trail.
  5. The treatment was construed ta 25 years.
  6. Thua tIre real emtoarjSan had violated people’s Right to Lite

Question 10.
In the chapter Idees on Devefoptnent, we read that altar le development for one might be destruction for another, Use Bava Mahaliyass’s letter to explains this statement.
Answer:

  1. Bava Mahaliya in his letter brings out different ideas of development.
  2. The idea that the government took was different from him.
  3. Government says their lands were not hospitable but they say they are satisfied with living there.
  4. As government caterers, they say that they own houses in arid have prosperous agriculture.
  5. They have traditional knowledge of every tree and herb and shrub, which would be lost if they we to be dislocated.
  6. They say their pool together and construct a house in one day and are living alike with sharing a common understanding.
  7. Thus, we can say ‘what is development for one might be destruction for another’.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 11.
How is loss of biodiversity being expressed In the letter?
Answer:

  1. The baa of biodiversity is expressed in different ways In the Letra.
  2. The forest will be submerged and cannot be seen.
  3. The various trees, shrubs, and herbs are not seen and their traditional knowledge will be forgotten.
  4. Many different kinds of crops which were not grown outside the forest will not be cultivated.
  5. Channels made from streams will be washed away
  6. Thus, the loss of biodiversity was discussed.

Question 12.
Create a table Identifying the current aspects of life and changes that will occur if the tribal people are re-settled in a different state on the basis of following aspects: Food habits; Farming; Finance; Relation with forest; Religious practices; House making; Social relations.
Answer:
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 5

Question 13.
For the tribal people, livelihood, cultural practices, and social relations are deeply connected to the local environment. Can you explain the reasons for this?
Answer:

  1. They get their livelihood from local cultivation of own seeds, manure from livestock.
  2. For irrigation water, they make channels from streams in the local environment.
  3. They live with their clan, their relatives, and their kin.
  4. All of them pool together to any individual’s work needs.
  5. Their village gods were all there and their ancestor’s memorial stones were there.
  6. People come from all over to celebrate their festivals.
  7. All of them go to market where the youth choose their spouses.
  8. Thus, tribal peoples’ livelihoods, cultural practices and social relations are deeply connected to the local government.

Question 14.
Do you think that the people of Jalslndhi village are food secure In their present location?
Answer:

  1. I think the people of Jalsindhi village are not food secure In their present location.
  2. As far as the various crops they grew. nothing insecure of food,
  3. They eat the leaves of forest trees like heavy. Mahia, are, etc. It does not refer to food security.
  4. In times of famine, they are survived by eating roots and tubers which Is not food secure.
  5. When they fall sick, their medicine was leaves, roots, and bark from forest, this is also not food secure.

Question 15.
If you lived in the above situation, how would you have responded to the demand for re-settlement?
Answer:

  1. If I lived in the above situation, I would have accepted the demand for resettlement.
  2. At the place of resettlement, one may get schooling to their children
  3. In place of tribal medicine treatments governments provide with public health.
  4. The food taken there may at times prove to be health hazardous.
  5. Government pay provides with alternate land to practice modern agriculture, etc.

Page No. 155

Question 16.
Observe the following figure.
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 7
Write your caption in the context of environment.
Answer:

  • For a Better Future- Save The Nature
  • Man is overusing natural resources indiscriminately
  • Creating severe problems ecologically
  • For our future generations, we should work collectively
  • To conserve these invaluable resources judiciously
  • And take measures that are eco-friendly.

Page No.156

Question 17.
You have read about the protests against the Kudankulam nuclear power plant in the Chapter on Ideas on Development. Can you interpret the protest In view of what you have read here?
Answer:

  1. Kudankulam was a peaceful village in Tamil Nadu.
  2. Most people from there depend on fishing for livelihood.
  3. With the setting up Kudankuiam nuclear power plant all of them have to vacate that place.
  4. They lost their livelihood.
  5. Not only they have allayed the fears of the accidents in Nuclear plants.
  6. A recent accident in Nuclear plant in Japan created a haven the minds of people.
  7. They have protested on large scale.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Question 18.
‘Environmental protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for all of us. Explain with a few examples.
Answer:

  1. Climate change affects all countries and people. some may be more than the others.
  2. Even a country is trying to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Its environment would continue to deteriorate It other countries do not regulate their emissions.
  3. As more and more groundwater is pumped out through electric and motor power pumps the water tables deplete.
  4. In 59% of the districts of India, water from hand pumps and wells are unsafe for drinking.
  5. Thus, environmental protection is not just crucial for those communities directly affected but for all of us.

Question 19.
Read the class VIII chapters on Minerals and Mining. What Issues or conflicts emerge between industrialists and people living In mining areas?
Answer:

  1. People living in regions of rentals face cutting down of forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits and mounds.
  2. Nearby rivers and water sources are polluted.
  3. This results In people leaving the land like that as the cider use of land cannot be continued.
  4. Even people who live nearby face problems created by mining.
  5. Uncontrolled mining by the private companies tar in excess of the permits even to them and disregarded safety measures.
  6. Minerals taken by private companies without paying royalty to the government- thus people do not gel anything.

Question 20.
What do you think would be the environmental and human costs of such rapid growth in mining?
Answer:

  1. Such rapid growth in mining would have a negative impact on the environment as well as at the human cost.
  2. Mines are dug deep, so the layers at earth become weak.
  3. They may cause Landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, etc.
  4. Most of the water Is used in the process of digging and later process also.
  5. Post liberalization era brought private people (companies) into mining activities.
  6. Accidents may occur, tunnels may Fall down, or get flooded with water or there can be fire and suffocation due to gases – these dangers may be laced in mining.
  7. With the motto of earning profits, these companies do not take proper measures of safety.
  8. Thus, there may be many human losses In rapid extraction of minerals.

Question 21.
There has been rapid increase in the extraction of minerals for domestic use and for exports to other countries since liberalisation and globalization of Indian economy. Using figures from the table given below substantiate the Observation.
TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity 8
Answer:

  1. The extraction of Bauxite Is raised from 6108 thousand tonnes in 1997-98 to 18000 thousand tonnes in 2010.
  2. The extraction of Coal raised from 297000 in 1997-98 to 537000 thousand tonnes n 2010.
  3. The extraction of Iron ore Is raised from 75723 in 1997.1998 to 260000 thousand tonnes in 2010.
  4. The extraction of Chromite is raised from 1515 thousand and tonnes in 1997-1998 to 3800 thousand tonnes In 2010.

TS 10th Class Social Study Material 11th Lesson Sustainable Development with Equity

Page No. 157

Question 22.
Observe the following picture. Write your caption In the context of development.
Answer:
On the name of development, man is causing nature’s destruction, So for the flora and fauna Where is the protection?

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