TS 10th Class Social Study Material 12th Lesson The World Between the World Wars

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TS 10th Class Social 12th Lesson Questions and Answers – The World Between the World Wars

Question 1.
Make a table to show allies, axis and central powers participated with following countries on different sides of the world wars: Austria, USSR (Russia), Germany, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, and USA.
Answer:
World War I

Allied Powers	Axis and Central Powers
USSR (withdrawn in 1917)	Austria
Romania	Germany
Britain	Turkey
Italy
France	Bulgaria
USA (entered in 1917)

World War II:

Allied Powers	Axis and Central Powers
Poland	German
France	Italy
England	Japan
Russia (USSR)
USA

Question 2.
How did the idea of nation-states and nationalism influence desire for war during World Wars?
Answer:

1. The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse.
2. II was the foundation of modem nation-states.
3. But later It became aggressive nationalism.
4. It is used to create pride in oneself and hatred against neighbours.
5. Fascists in Italy tried to build images of victories with it.
6. Nazis of Germany mobilised Germans against other nations of Europe.
7. These incidents led to World War.
8. Thus, we can say the idea of nation-states and nationalism influenced the desire for war during World Wars.

Question 3.
Write a short note on various causes of the two World Wars. Do you think any of these features are prevalent even today in countries around the world? How?
Answer:
Causes for World War- I
1) AggressIve Nationalism:

• The Idea of Nationalism was the foundation of the nation-states and unifìcation of Italy and Germany.
• But it was developed in negative sense and created hatred among neighbours.

Imperialism:
The process of imperialist conquest was accompanied by intense rivalries and conflicts among European countries, It created conditions of war.

Secret Alliances:

1. Europe was divided into two hostile groups.
2. Germany made triple alliance with Austria – Hungary & Italy in 1882.
3. Russia, France and Britain formed the Triple Entente in 1907.

Militarism :
Every country feared and suspected the other and tried to increase its military and naval strength. Europe turned into armed camp and preparations for war were made.

Balkan Politics:
There were many small kingdoms in the Balkan Peninsula. People belonging to many sects, languages were living there. They were being ruled under the Ottoman Turkey entire, After the tall of Ottoman Empire, Austria, Germany, Turkey. Russia competed for the supremacy over the area. Moreover, Russia and Turkey were trying to control the Black sea and the Mediterranean Sea region into their hands for a long time. So. there
was always a tense situation around the report. During the same time. Austria was trying lo suppress the Serbian rebels in Bosnia, who were against to the rule of Austria.

Immediate cause:
The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28th June 1914 by a Serbian, Austria declared war on Serbia. The central powers one side and allied one side joined.

Causes for World War -II
Unjust Treaty of Versailles (OR) The Treaty of Versailles – Intensity of the terms:
The treaty was very unjust and severe, Germany felt humiliated and forced to sign it. Her military strength was reduced. This became major cause of Second World War.

Failure of League of Nations:
It lacked military power to take action against the defaulter countries.

German challenge to vengeful domination:
Germany decided to take revenge on allies and against the treaty.

Fear from communism:
There was a fear in the mind of western capitalist countries that communism would spread in their territories western powers adopted policy of appeasement which strengthened Fascist Powers.

Rise of Hitler & Mussolini:
They glorified use of force, war, and violent nationalism and prepared for war.

Immediate cause:
On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland on 3rd September Britain, France declared war on Germany, Second World War started with invasion of Poland. I don’t think any of the above features are prevalent even today. But sometimes the countries accuse each other by these terms.

Even if these features are developed the international organisation like U.N.O. Human Rights agencies are there to pacify the parties and to decrease the tension. Still, wars are taking place for temporary reasons.

Question 4.
Russian revolution brought in many changes In their society. What were they? And what challenges did they face?
Answer:
Changes In the Russian Society:

1. The immediate change was the elimination of the democratic provisional councils called Soviets in various larger cities.
2. Under Bolshevik rule, Russia got out of World War – II.
3. A Socialist system was imposed on the country which all but the smallest businesses were taken over by the government.
4. The land was redistributed to peasant farmers and food distribution was temporarily improved,
5. Soon though, many people became disenchanted with the Bolsheviks and the Russian Civil war broke out in 1918 and Lasted until 1920.

Challenges they faced:

1. Famines
2. Resistances
3. Low standards of living
4. The Great Depression
5. Unemployment
6. Lack of educational facilities
7. Cheap public health care, etc.

Question 5.
Compare different points of view about Great Depression, which one would you agree with? Why?
Answer:

1. The great Depression lasted between 1929 to 1939.
   1. It was triggered by decline in demand and of prices.
2. Marxist economists argued that it was. because of capitalism arid can be got rid of only with socialism.
3. Economist JM Keynes argued state shall play a crucial role and intervene effectively
4. During decline, state shall invest and generate employment and help people to earn money and demand goods in the market.

6.
a) I would agree with it as it is result oriented.
(OR)
b) I agree with Roosevelt who undertook large public works to provide employment and recover economy.
(OR)
c) I agree with the view of J.M. Keynes. I believe that government’s role in this situation would be very much necessary and inevitable.

Question 6.
In what ways were Jews persecuted during the Nazi Germany? Do you think In every country some people are differentiated because of their Identity?
Answer:

1. Jews were merely 0.75% of the population of Germany.
2. Nazi ideology depended on majoritarian principles.
3. To build the racial supremacy of Germans they committed mass extermination of minority communities.
4. They arbitrarily arrested Jews and put them in concentration camps.
5. Hitler blamed that Jews were the main cause of aU problems.
6. He also said communism and capitalism were conspiracies of Jews.
7. In the holocaust, the killed Jews were around 6 million.
8. There may be instances in some countries where the people different their identities.

Question 7.
List the measures taken under Idea of welfare state under Great Depression.
Answer:

1. Different measures were taken under the idea of welfare state.
2. These basically consist of unemployment insurance and old age pension.
3. Others are like sickness coverage, health schemes, child care, etc.
4. A certain basic minimum dignified life for aU citizens were ensured by the state.
5. The state took care of their most elementary needs like food, housing, health, child end old age care and education, etc.

Question 8.
What challenges were faced by Germany during Great Depression and how did Nazi rulers and lifters make use of It?
Answer:

1. Germany was indeed, especially hard-hit by the Great Depression. The major factor was the Treaty of Versailles.
2. Payments made by Germany to the victorious allies represented a drain of capital.
3. The international trade was triggered by the passage of the Smooth-Hawley Tariff Act in the United States in 1930.
4. Germany engaged in a tremendous hyper Inflation of Its currency and it wiped out the people’s savings.
5. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. Business was in cities.
6. The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices. Children remained with hungry and women in deep despair.
7. The youth took criminal activities and total despair became commonplace.
8. Salaried Employees and pensioners saw their savings-minded when the currency lost its value.
9. In these situations, Hitler promised employment for those looking work and a secure influence.
10. Hitler promised to undo the injustice of the Versailles treaty and weed out of all foreign influences.
11. Thus Nazi party’s vote share rose from 2.6% in 1928 to 37% in 1932, becoming the largest party.

The Great Depression helped n his (Hitler’s) rise to power. He built trust among the Germans. He appealed to the lower and middle classes with his great oratory skills by setting up raises and using propaganda. eventually rising to power.

Question 9.
Read the para 1 of page 170 i.e; “This started a great experiment ……………….. language etc” and write your opinion on It.
“This started a great experiment of building a country without exploiters like feudal lords. Kings or capitalists. The USSR tried to build a society that was industrialised arid modem and yet did not have inequality or exclusion of people on the basis of birth, or gender. language, etc.’.
Answer:
The given paragraph says that USSR has established a country with equality. There are no exploiters, no dominants and no sufferers. Though it followed Industrialisation and modem technology and updated lite, it didn’t have any inequality in any form. It is the real spirit of socialism. A country with equality and modem development is never expected in any country but it happened in USSR at that time.

In any country, we can see some sort of discrimination. In some countries, discrimination is seen in the form of colour, i.e. the Blacks and the Whites. Many countries of Aniencas purchased slaves from Africa, especially from Nigeria. The Nigerians are also human beings but the Americans didn’t consider like that. In some countries, the Jewish people were treated as second-grade people and they were tortured physically. Sometimes they were brutally lulled in gas chambers.

In some religions, one sect of people don’t consider the other sect. In our country, some castes are treated as high castes and some other castes as low. These caste, birth, gender, and language-based discrimination is there everywhere.

Women’s wages in all the sectors in unorganised fields are less than that of the men. Bays are sent to higher education whereas the girls are not sent because of various reasons like safety and security Many countries have mentioned in the preamble of their constitutions that they give importance to equality and there will be no discrimination in any form.

In olden days kings and feudal lords ruled our country. Though a few kings gave importance to the voice of the people, many of them Ignored and so the poor people were humiliated. They didn’t have proper respect. In conclusion, I would say that every country should maintain equality. The downtrodden should be uplifted. A country with equal treatment is always an ideal one to all the nations.

Question 10.
Observe the map given below and answer the following questions.
i) Mention any two countries which are not under the control of Japan.
Answer:

1. Mongolia.
2. China.
3. Bhutan,
4. Tibet.
5. Nepal,
6. India and
7. Australia.

ii) Mention any two countries which are under the control of Japan and lying on its western side.
Answer:

• Korea and
• Manchuria.

Question 11.
Locate the following in the map of the world.
i) Germany
ii) Italy
iii) Austria
iv) U.S.A.
v) China
vi) Russia
vii) Britain
Answer:

Question 12.
Prepare a few slogans on the prevention of wars and promotion of peace.
Answer:

1. No war, only peace.
2. Avoid war, and promote peace.
3. War Is destruction, and peace is construction.
4. No for war, Go for peace.
5. Live for good cause and preserve world peace.
6. Love human beings and promote social progress.

Discussion:
Discuss the family conditions of war victims and their sufferings in classroom.
Answer:
Classroom activity. The teacher should invite a war victim to the classroom and conduct a discussion.

TS 10th Class Social 12th Lesson The World Between the World Wars Intext Questions

Page No. 167

Question 1.
How do you think organisations like the League of Nations help to resolve conflicts between two countries? What can they do to resolve the conflicts?
Answer:

1. The League of Nations was the first ever international organization which was formed as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles.
2. II was formed in 1920 to solve disputes and establish peace.
3. These organizations should solve disputes through negotiations, disarmament and amicably in a friendly manner,
4. The League of Nations did not have the armed forces of its own.
5. These organizations should stop the race of arms and NSA of dictators.
6. The League had limited success Initially but failed to prevent the Second World War as it could neither stop the race of arms nor NSA of dictators.

Page No. 169

Question 2.
Read the two views on the revolution in the countryside. Imagine yourself to be a witness to the events. Write a short account from the standpoint of:
1) an owner of an estate
2) a small peasant
3) a journalist
Answer:
1. An owner of an estate: It was a coup. But the owner had no choice to do anything. The owner of the estate became a common man with two cows and two horses.
2. A small peasant: A peasant felt happy for what had happened. There may be many rumours but still, the peasant felt happy.
3. A journalist: The war came to an end. The troops entered the village. They looted the rich and distributed it to the poor. The poor were going to lead a new Soviet life.

Page No. 171

Question 3.
Do a brief assessment of the Soviet experiment, How far was it successful In building a world based on equality, freedom and prosperity?
Answer:
It was successful in building a world based on equality, freedom and prosperity.
Reasons:

1. An extended schooling system developed.
2. Arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities.
3. The USSR achieved full employment for all its citizens.
4. It improved the standard of living of the people.
5. All this was built through an enormous centralisation of political power.
6. The experience of the USSR inspired people all over the world who were committed to the ideals of equality, fraternity and prosperity.

Question 4.
Do you think It is justifIed to execute thousands of people for the sake of such experiments? Why?
Answer:

1. No, I do not think it is justified to execute thousands of people or the sake of such expenments.
2. The USSR regime under Stalin experimented collectivisation of farming.
3. Thousands of large farmers opposed it and were imprisoned, deponed and even put to death
4. Centralisation of political power in the hands of the communist party and its leaders and
   denial of ordinary democratic liberties to citizens were the features of the USSR.
5. They have done away with any opposition through the use of force Including large-scale execution of opposition leaders.
6. All was done on the plea that it was necessary to build socialism and defeat the designs of capitalist powers undermining the USSR.
7. Many intellectuals and others were horrified by the violent elimination of opposition and denial of multiparty democracy and freedom in the USSR.

Question 5.
What were the criticisms raised against communist system?
Answer:

1. me violent elimination of opposition and denial of multiparty democracy and freedom.
2. There was a dictatorship in Russia. No importance was attached to human dignity.
3. life of the individual was completely controlled by the state. The revolution had paved the way for the tyranny of the state.
4. CMI liberties were curbed.
5. Some economic policies of the government brought terrible misery to the people.
6. So, the criticisms were raised against communist system.

Page N0. 172

Question 6.
Look at the famous photograph of Polish Immigrant Florence Owens during Depression by Dorothea Lange. It depicts destitute pea pickers In California, in March 1936. What would she be thinking?
Answer:

1. Great Depression during 1929-30 ramshackled world economy.
2. Many industries were closed and many more were taken away of their employment,
3. Many were forced to take up the menial jobs like pea picking. etc.
4. This picture depicts one such woman with her children in deep grief.
5. She had migrated from Poland to California and was employed as pea picker.
6. The picture depicts her sorrow of what happened and worry about the future.

Page No. 173

Question 7.
Imagine yourself to be a worker who lost his job suddenly and has no employment for the next few years. Write an account of a day in your life in first person.
Answer:
Iam Narendra Snvastav. I had lost my job last year when there was recession in software industry. I have been making efforts ever since I lost the job. Many interviews I have attended but nothing was materialised. With this unemployment financial problems are looming large at me. Being unable to shy away from the family responsibilities I was prepared to do any work. Still acquiring any ob is looking a herculean task.

Question 8.
Imagine yourself to be a farmer who finds that the price of his crop has fallen to less than half. Write your reaction in three hundred words.
Answer:
My name is Perayya. I am a farmer in Khammam district. Due to sufficient rainfall, our fields are with good yield. This morning I read in the newspaper that the puces of our crops are suddenly fallen due to some economic reason. I am shocked by reading the news. I am planning to Market my yield to repay my loans. But the news made rue mad. For me last three years there are no rains and no crops.

The loan amount in the Bank is increasing day by day. Now the things are going on like this. I have no other source, How can I come out of all these problems? I request the government to take an appropriate action at the earliest possible time to bail out the farmers like me from these difficult situations.

Question 9.
What aspects of the Welfare State do you find functioning in India today?
Answer:

1. India is providing the people a number of social security schemes.
2. It is providing old-age pensions
3. It is providing women and child care facilities.
4. It is providing healthcare facilities to the poor and downtrodden.
5. It is providing food security to people.
6. It is running housing schemes for rural and urban poor independently.
7. It is proving free and compulsory education for the children of 6 to 14 years age group.
8. it is striving to provide employment to the abled persons.

Page No. 175

Question 10.
Read the message from Hitter’s speech on page no.175 and answer the following question.
Hitler argued that ¡t is the right of the most powerful race to conquer the world; For, this earth is not allotted to anyone nor is it presented to anyone as a gilt. It Is awarded by Providence to people who in their hearts have the courage to conquer it, the strength to preserve it. and the industry to put it to the plough… The primary right of this world is the right to life, so far as one possesses the strength for this. Hence on the basis of this, right a vigorous nation will always find ways of adapting its territory to its population size is Hitler’s Idea of World conquest correct? Do you think that the world should belong to those who have power and strength alone?
Answer:

1. Hitler’s idea of world conquest is not correct.
2. He says that with providence the earth is awarded.
3. With courage in hearts people can conquer the earth.
4. People should have strength to preserve t and put in industry to keep It all the time.
5. Nation must be vigorous to conquer the world.
6. I don’t think that the world should belong to those who have power and strength alone.
7. All are universal human beings. One should respect the sovereignty of others,
8. Power and strength alone are not eternal.
9. World should belong to all who respect the right of others.

Page No. 176

Question 11.
Do you agree with the view that women should confine themselves to pain and suffering of bringing up the children?
Answer:
First of all I want to say one thing that bringing up the children is not pain and suffering. It is the duty of creation. It should be shared by both the men and women.

Question 12.
Do you think men and women can participate equally in all aspects 01111e IncludIng child rearing and work In factories, offices, and fields?
Answer:
Yes. I think mon and women can participate equally in all aspects of life. But one thing should be remembered that women are physically weak women compared to men. Men are mentally weak when compared to women. Men and women can participate equally by keeping this difference in view.

Page No.177

Question 13.
NazI ideology depended on majoritarian principles. Jews were merely 0.75 per cent of the population in Germany. Apart from Jews others who opposed Nazis were also punished. How does the pastor capture this in the given poem (P.No. 177)?
Answer:
Friedenidi Gustav Enìl Martin Niemoeller was a protestant pastor and social activist (14-1-1892 to 6-3-1984).

It is a famous statement and provocative poem attributed to pastor about the cowardice of German Intellectuals following the Nazi’s rise to power and the subsequent purging of their chosen targets, group after group. Even though Niemoeller was pastor, he was a social activist, He worked as Naval Sub Lieutenant in the First World War.

Later he opted his father’s profession. He worked for the formation of Pastors’ Emergency League against Hitler and opposed the religious policies of Hitler. He was arrested also. Pastor captured this with his intimacy with the people.

Page No. 179

Question 14.
In what ways was the Second World Wars logical outcome of Hitler’s Ideology and economic policies?
Answer:

1. German Nazism emphasised German Nationalism. Nationalism in the World War – II was mainly Hitler’s desire for ‘living space’.
2. It held racial theories based upon the belief of the existence of an Aryan master race that was believed to be superior to all other races especially Jews as they were mixed race.
3. Nazi Germany began its own programme of expansion, seeking to restore the rightful’
   boundaries of historic Germany.
4. Hitler’s economic policies showed an movement living standards of a section of the Germans even though It meant sub-human conditions of life for those condemned by the racist regime.
5. This was followed by heavy investment in armament industry to create further employment but this could be sustained only by going on war with the neighbours. These wore the ideologies and eœnoimc policies of Hitler that led to the Second World War.

Question 15.
Find out more about “Holocaust” and Auschwitz camps and prepare a project report based on it.
Answer:
Holocaust: The Holocaust was the mass murder or genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War- II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi -Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party throughout the German Reich and German-occupied territories. Over one million Jewish children were killed in the Holocaust.

Auschwitz: Auschwitz was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War – II. It consisted of 3 main camps and 45 satellite camps.

Mainly Jews, Poles, Romans and Soviet soldiers were killed in these gas chambers by using the pesticide Zyklon B. Many died of starvation, forced labour, infectious diseases, individual executions and medical experiments.

Page No. 183

Question 16.
Discuss the nuclear bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the horrors of a nuclear war. Do you think such weapons should be used even against a fascist enemy country?
Answer:

1. The US attacked Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan with atom bombs.
2. This attack killed about 1,50,000 to 2,46,000 people immediately.
3. The after-effects of these bombings, like Leukaemia and cancer, lasted for decades.
4. No, such weapons should not be used even against a fascist enemy country.