TS Class 8

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 5B The Treasure Within (Part II) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 5B The Treasure Within (Part II)

Comprehension:

The Treasure Within – I:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What nightmare did Hafeez hove?
Answer:
Hafeez had nightmares about educational matters. Particularly, mathematics was a terrible nightmare to him. He used to get continuous nightmares about appearing for a mathematics examination of which he knew nothing.

Question 2.
Which words of the principal influenced Hafeez deeply?
Answer: One day the principal called Hafeez and told him that he had been observing from day one. He was a good student, but he never studied. He had taken care of Hafeez till that day. He could no longer take care of him. Hafeez had to do it himself.

The principal further said, ’You don’t have your father, your mother has worked so hard to bring you up and paid all your fees all these years but you have only played games. Now you should rise to the occasion and study.” These words of the principal influenced Hafeez deeply.

Question 3.
“…. That year I did not step out onto the field.” Who said these words and why?
Answer:
Hafeez Contractor said these words. He was a very good sportsman. He had been the senior champion for so many years and he also was the cricket captain. He used to play every game. But when the principal spoke to him he realized that he should study. In that context, he said these words.

Question 4.
What was the reason for which Hafeez indulged in distraction?
Answer:
Hafeez was just interested in playing and nothing else. He was most interested in funny pranks. Whenever he did not want to study, he created a distraction.

Question 5.
What things did Hafeez prefer to academic? List them.
Answer:
Hafeez was interested in sports. He had been a senior champion for so many years. He was the cricket captain also. He used to play every game.

He was also interested in funny pranks. Every Saturday he used to see a movie along with his friends. He used to be the leader of his gang. They had gang fights also. They planned strategies. Hafeez preferred these things to academics.

The Treasure Within – II:

Question 1.
Why couldn’t Hafeez join either the police or the army?
Answer:
Hafeez wanted to join the army. He got his admission letter but his aunt tore it up. Then he decided to join the police force. But his mother asked him to do graduation instead of joining the police force.

Question 2.
What made Hafeez become an architect?
Answer:
Hafeez went to an architect’s office to learn French. His French teacher was his cousin, the architect’s wife. Once he observed a person drawing a window there. Hafeez found fault with the picture of the window. It was true. There was something wrong. The architect and the husband of Hafeez’s cousin was surprised and advised him to drop everything and join architecture. Hafeez had an understanding of the structure of how a thing looked like, from the top. He also had a good understanding of the section of a structure, though he didn’t know the name‘section’.

Question 3.
Why did Hafeez’s teacher think that he could become an architect?
Answer:
Hafeez’s teacher, Mrs. Gupta, saw his sketches and told him that he was useless in everything else. But she praised his sketches and said that he would grow up and become an architect.

Question 4.
Why do you think Hafeez was not interested in studies ?
Answer:
Hafeez was imaginative and always wanted to do things. These are his creative abilities which don’t find place in his studies. So, Hafeez was not interested in his studies.

Question 5.
Comment on the statement “giftedness and learning disabilities go hand In hand”. How do Hafeez’s experiences support this statement?
Answer:
If one person is disabled in one area, he might have remarkable abilities in other area. Hafeez , was not good at languages and mathematics. But he was good at drawing sketches and other creative* activities like making buttons using chalk and blade. He grew up and finally became an architect. So we can say that giftedness and learning disabilities go hand in hand.

Question 6.
What, according to Hafeez, is “mathematics”? Do you agree with his view of mathematics? Give reasons.
Answer:
According to Hafeez, putting design, construction, psychology and sociology together and making a sketch from all that is ‘mathematics’. Originally he hated mathematics that is bookish. He took the parts of mathematics that were needed to him in his profession. He loved that mathematics he understood and used. I completely agree with his opinion.

Vocabulary:

I. Read the following sentence taken from the text.

‘I used to get continuous nightmares about appearing for a maths examination’.
The word ‘nightmare’ mean’s a frightening dream.

Now, read the following sentences and find the appropriate meanings of the words underlined.

1. Varun is interested in archeology.
2. I was so much absorbed in the match that I didn’t notice the thief come in.
3. The students listened raptly to the lecture.
4. The mysterious story engrossed the readers all the way to the surprise ending.
5. Her painting never fails to fascinate the viewers.

Now, observe the following table and put a tick (✓) in the grid where the element of meaning relates to the particular words according to the sentences given before.

Answer:

II. Look at the following sentence taken from the text.

“I used to have this terrible nightmare.”
The word ‘terrible’ intensifies the meaning of the word ‘nightmare’ in a negative sense.
Can we say ‘terrible flower’ or ‘terrible success’? We cannot, because flower and success are pleasant things.

A. Write a few words that can go with the word ‘terrible’ and use them in your own sentences. One is done for you.
Ex:- 1. terrible experience : We had a terrible experience when we met with an accident.
Answers:

1. terrible experience : We had a terrible experience when we met with an accident
2. errible creature : Shark is a terrible creature.
3. terrible smell : There is terrible smell coming from that room; a rat must have died.
4. terrible situation : The orphans don’t have food to eat and water to drink. This is a terrible situation.
5. terrible pain : Yesterday the operation was over. But the patient is suffering from a terrible pain.
6. terrible music : This film has terrible music.
7. terrible headache : Today she has a terrible headache.
8. terrible English : I cannot understand his terrible English.
9. terrible accident : He met with a terrible accident.
10. terrible news : Yesterday I received some terrible news from my friend.

B. Look at the following words and write the possible word combinations.

Answers:

1.  ugly : ugly face, ugly rumour, ugly shot
2. sweet : sweet memories, sweet smile, sweet biscuits
3. difficult : difficult problem, difficult situation, difficult job
4. funny : funny story, funny appearance, funny film
5. horrible : horrible man, horrible murder, horrible speech
6. ordinary : ordinary creature, ordinary speed, ordinary performance.
7. 

C. Use the above combinations in your own sentences and write them in your notebook.
Answers:
Ugly :

• Latha has an ugly face.
• She spreads ugly rumours.
• Shekhar missed the bird. It was an ugly shot.

Sweet :

• Many people have sweet memories.
• I was attracted to her because of her sweet smile.
• She gave me some sweet biscuits.

Difficult :

• He can solve any difficult problem in mathematics.
• He lost his property and his father. He has been in a difficult situation.
• Marketing is a difficult job.

Funny :

• Sita told Gita a funny story.
• She has some funny appearance.
• ‘Sudigadu’ is a funny film.

Horrible :

• Gopi is a horrible man.
•  I have seen a horrible murder.
• I could not listen to his horrible speech.

Ordinary :

• Dinosaur is not an ordinary creature.
• He drove his car at ordinary speed.
• His ordinary performance in exams depressed his parents.

III. Look at the following word taken from the text.

“board”

Does the word ‘board’ have only one meaning or more than one meaning?
Let us now understand the different meanings of ‘board’
a ‘board’ as a noun can be:

1. a piece of wood
2. a group of decision-making people in an organisation/institution
3. an organisation
4. the stage in theatre
5. meeds provided during the stay in a hotel.

Similarly, the same word ‘board’ can have the following meanings when it acts as a verb.

1. to get on plane/ship, etc.
2. to pay to eat meals and sleep in someone’s house
3. to arrange for a pet animal temporarily.

A. Read the following paragraph carefully. Write the different meanings of the word ‘present’ in the space provided.

Last Sunday, I attended Lahari’s birthday party. All her family members and friends were present (1) there. In the beginning of the party, Lahari’s father presented (2) Ms.Mrunalini Guptha, the world number one Kathak artist at present(3). Ms. Guptha did present (4) a scintillating show. I enjoyed the party a lot. At the end, I gave Lahari a marvellous present (5).
Answer:

1. attended (the party)
2.  introduced
3. now
4. performed
5. gift

B. Pick out similar words from the text or elsewhere, that can be used as both a noun and a verb. Look them up in a dictionary and write their different meanings.
Answers:
field : a) We found fields (n) with ripe corn on either side of the road.
b) The fielder (n) from the third man boundary fielded (v) the ball well

change : The change (n) in the climate changed (v) prospects of the farmers.

influence : Vivekananda influenced (v) the thinking of youth. His influence (n) is felt even now.

surprise : She surprised (v) us by getting distinction in the examination. Another surprise (n) is that she won a lottery.

draw : The match was a draw(n). But the team drew (v) flak from the spectators.

design : We wanted a design (n) for a factory. But the architect warehouse.

Grammar:

I. In the interview, Hafeez Contractor shares his past experiences and habits by saying.
“I used to be so interested in playing. 1 would receive caning every week.”
Both ‘used to’ and ‘would’ are used to talk about habitual actions of the past.

A. Pick out some more similar expressions from the text having “used to” and “would” and write in your notebook.
Answers:
Hafeez used to play during school.
I would forget after two days.
We used to have competitions.
I used to have this terrible nightmare.
I would think of flowing water.
I used to get continuous nightmares.
I would be thinking about the flowing water.
I used to be interested in games.
They would come running.
I used to be a very good sportsman.
I would cut a button.
I used to play every game.
The student would get past dinner.
I normally used to copy and pass.
I would copy in class.
I used to be so interested in playing.
I would try to get hold of the examination paper.
I used to be the leader of the gang.
I would go for prayer.
These things used to interest me.
I would receive caning every week.
Students used to book my textbooks.
They would cane you.
It would hurt badly.
So what I would do was have no lunch
I would eat to my heart’s content.
We would have gang fights.
Nobody would stop you from doing what you needed to do.

Detailed Information on ‘Used to’

Use verb (1) after used to.
Example :
I used to go to the beach every day.
Note : It is better not to use ‘used to’ in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using the Simple Past.

Use of ‘used to’
(a) To express a habit in the past : ‘Used to’ expresses the ideas that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now. .
Examples :
Hari used to study English.
They used to go to their native village in summer.
I used to start work at 9 o’ clock.
She used to eat meat, but now she is a vegetarian.

(b) To express past facts and generalizations: ‘Used to’ can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.
Examples :
I used to live in Delhi.
Sruthi used to be fat, but now she is thin.
Manjula used to be the best student in class, but now Sindhu is the best.
Oranges used to cost very little in Nellore, but now they are quite expensive.

Used to vs Simple Past:
Both Simple Past and ‘used to’ can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, ‘used to’ is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive sentence. On the other hand, when asking questions of making negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.
Examples :
You used to play the piano.
Did you play the piano when you were young?
You did not play the piano when you were young.

‘Used to’ in Passive Voice:
Swathi used to pay the bills. (Active Voice)
The bills used to be paid by Swathi. (Passive Voice).

Detailed information on ‘Would’

would for unreal situations
The word would is used for unreal or imagined situations:
I would love to visit New York.’
‘She would like to be professional footballer.’
We would go, but we are too busy.’

would as a past tense:

would and wouldn’t are the past tense of will and won’t. Let’s look at an example of this using direct and reported speech:
Andrew : ‘I will be late.’ (direct speech)
Andrew said that he would be late, (reported speech)

would in conditional sentences
Would is used again for unreal or hypothetical situations in the 2nd and 3rd conditionals:
2nd Conditional : ‘If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.’
3rd Conditional : ‘If I had worked harder, I would have passed the test.’

would not as ‘to refuse’
Wouldn’t (would not) is used to show that someone refused to do something:
I asked him if I could borrow his car, but he wouldn’t lend it to me.’

would for past actions
Would can be used to talk about actions that repeated in the past. It is used in the same context as used to:
‘When I was young I would do my homework every evening.’
‘In the summer we would always go camping.’

B. Tell your friends what you did normally when you were in class VII.
Answer:

1. I used to attend the classes regularly.
2. I would play with my friends in the evening.
3. One of my friends used to like mathematics in the class. –
4. And, I used to like sciences and English.
5. Finally, I got good marks and got admission in a prestigious government college.

Writing:

In the interview, you have read about Hafeez Contractor’s school experiences and career development. Now, imagine that Hafeez Contractor has been invited as the Chief Guest, as a part of the Children’s Day. Prepare a script for compering the programme. Make a mock presentation in the class.

Hafeez Contractor was born in 1950. He did his Graduate Diploma in architecture from Mumbai in 1975 and completed his graduation from Columbia University, New York (USA) on a Tata Scholarship. Hafeez Contractor commenced his career with T. Khareghat as an apprentice architect and in 1977 he became the associate partner in the same firm. Between 1977 and 1980 Hafeez was a visiting faculty at the Academy of Architecture, Mumbai. He is a member of the Bombay Heritage Committee and New Delhi Lutyens Bunglow Zone Review Committee.

Contractor’s practice had modest beginnings in 1982 with a staff of two. Today the firm has over 350 employees including senior associates, architects, interior designers, draftsmen, a civil engineering team and architectural support staff. The firm has conceptualised, designed and executed a wide range of architectural projects like bungalows, residential developments, hospitals, hotels, corporate offices, banking and financial institutions,’ recreational and sports facilities, townships, airports, railway stations, urban planning and civic redevelopment projects.

Follow the features of a compering given below.

• Arrange the programme as required by the context.
• Present the background.
• Highlight the persons and events.
• Give reviews and reflection relevant to the context.
• Use polite and entertaining expressions.
• Follow the conventions of the stage.

Answer:

Good evening, we gathered here to celebrate the Children’s Day which is observed in commemoration of the birthday of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the former Prime Minister of India.

On this occasion, we have the distinguished guests who, kindly accepted to grace the occasion. It gives us immense pleasure to have an eminent architect, Mr. Hafeez Contractor, with us as the chief guest.

Now we’ll begin the programme.

First of all, I’d like to welcome Sri Narasimha Rao, The Head Master of the school. Please give him a big hand.
Next, on behalf of the school committee, it’s my privilege to invite Mrs. Nagamani, Tahsildar of the Mandal, who consented to be the special guest of the day.

It is a fact that since she assumed charge in the Mandal, every activity in her department has assumed a new pace. Also, she won the government award on the occasion of Republic Day this year, which is a prestige to the people of the Mandal.

And now, we have a noted architect, he is known for his imagination, meticulous planning and careful execution. To his clients, he is everything. Whenever there is a problem the clients turn to their architect. Having completed his graduate Diploma in architecture from Columbia University, New York, he began his career as an apprentice architect in 1977 and came out in flying colours. Now he is a member of Bombay Heritage Committee and New Delhi Lutyens Bunglow Zone Review Committee.

Now, may I please sir, invite you on to the dais, to share your experience with us on this momentous occasion. A big hand to Mr. Hafeez Contractor, a prodigy in architecture, please. I request Mrs. Nagamani to greet Mr. Hafeez with a bouquet.

Now I request the HM of the school to be the chair of the occasion and run the proceedings.

Listening:

Listen to a compering script prepared by a student on the occasion of the Teacher’s Day celebrations and answer the following questions.

Compering

Respected MEO, our beloved headmaster, dear teachers and my fellow students,
I wish you a very good morning and welcome you to the programme.
At the outset, I wish all the teachers a very happy Teacher’s Day.

As we all know that 5th September is celebrated as Teacher’s Day as a mark of our tributes to the contributions made by teachers to the society. It is also celebrated to commemorate the birth of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, A great educationist and former President of India.

Let us now start the programme with a prayer.
I invite Kamala and Vimala to offer the prayer.
Thank you, Kamala and Vimala for your wonderful prayer. To move to the next item of the programme, it is a moment of pride and honour for us to have our Mandal Educational Officer, who is an eminent scholar as the chief guest. Now I request him to come onto the dais and grace the occasion.

Next, I would like to invite our headmaster who is an inspiring personality to grace the occasion. I also request him to present a bouquet to our Chief Guest.

Now, I request our MEO to say a few words on the occasion.
Thank you very much sir, for giving your inspiring words to us.
Now, you will watch a skit.

I’m sure you have liked the skit… once again, let us give them a big round of applause. The next item is a group dance. It will be presented by Latha and her group from class IX. Hope you will enjoy it.

Wow! Fantastic, it is an excellent performance. Let us once again appreciate them by clapping.
Now, the last item of the programme is Vote of Thanks. I take this opportunity to invite Ms. Aparna to propose a vote of thanks. With that the programme has come to an end. Finally, I invite you all to have refreshments outside the hall. I thank one and all for making the event memorable and enjoyable.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How did the student begin compering?
Answer:
The student began the compering by addressing the guests, Teachers and students and then she greeted everyone on the occasion of the Teacher’s day.

Question 2.
How did she/he arrange the different events of the programme ?
Answer:
She arranged the programme firstly by greeting the guest, outlining the importance of Teacher’s Day followed by a prayer and then speeches by the guests. Cultural programmes followed and vote of thanks was proposed before the programme concluded.

Question 3.
What were the highlights of the event?
Answer:
The MEO’s speech, a skit and a group dance were the highlights of the event.

Question 4.
How did he/she conclude the programme?
Answer:
She concluded the programme with vote of thanks and she requested everyone to have refreshments outside the hall.

The Treasure Within (Part-II) Summary in English

The interview between Ms. Bela Raja and Hafeez Contractor continues in this part. This part of the interview makes it clear to us how Hafeez became an architect.

At first, Hafeez got an admission letter to join the Army. But his aunt tore the letter. He then wanted to join the police force. His mother discouraged him and asked him to do graduation. So, he joined Jai Hind College in Bombay. There he had to study either German or French. He had already studied French for seven years but failed to learn even seven words of French. So, he took German. Then his German Teacher died. Without French or German, it was not possible to continue to study in that college. So, he decided to learn French again. He started learning French from his cousin. This was an unexpected turn in his life.

Hafeez’s cousin was an architect’s wife. He had to go to the architect’s office to learn French. There he saw somebody drawing a window details. Hafeez found fault with the drawing. The other person had a bet with Hafeez. Finally, he found that his drawing was wrong. The architect who was his cousin’s husband was surprised at this. He asked Hafeez to draw a few specific things. Hafeez drew them within no time. He asked Hafeez to design a house. Hafeez did that too. He asked Hafeez to drop everything and join architecture.

Then, they went to meet the principal of the college. The principal was convinced with the argument of the architect and consented to give a seat in architecture on a condition. The condition was that Hafeez had to clear an entrance exam as his score in the qualifying examination was just 50%. Hafeez got through the exam with an A+’. From that day it was a cakewalk.

At school, Hafeez was very bad at languages. He was not good in mathematics even. Whatever they learnt today, they would forget in two days. The reason was – there was no application of mind. In the boarding school, life was difficult. Whenever they had tests, i! vy used to copy. But, the teacher had an impression that they learnt the lessons well.

The students who excel in academics may not succeed in real life. On the other side, there are students who were very ordinary in their academics but excelled in their career. Hafeez is an example for the second type of students. Every student will not learn in the same way. Hafeez had imagination that was not encouraged by the school curriculum.

As a successful architect, Hafeez always tries to look at the client’s face, his language, his way of eating and comes to a conclusion about the design the client needs. The set of conditions is nothing but ‘mathematics’ he says. He had his own mathematics, which he now loves very much.

Glossary:

field (n) : area of work
architecture (n) : the art and study of designing buildings
army (n) : one section of defence force
influence (n) : recommendation
architect (n) : a person who practises architecture
drop (n) : leave
calling (n) : work of his choice
cakewalk (n) : something easy to achieve
section (n) : cutting ; divide into parts
stumbled on (phr.v) : got into (architecture) by chance
offbeat (adj) : unusual
forts (n) : castles
ammunition (n) : supply of bullets
sketches (n) : pictures
cope with (v) : manage
curriculum (n) : syllabus ; the subjects that are included in a course of study
deal with (phr.v) : cope
concept (n) : idea
contention (n) : difference of opinion
ordinary (adj) : normal
come across (phr.v) : meet or find by chance
situation (n) : state or condition
street smarts (n) : skilled and wise people moving in streets
defied (v) : broke
academics (n) : studies
personality (n) : personal qualities
block (v) : stop
hold (v) : stop
client (n) : customer
pronounce (v) : the way one speaks
spontaneously (adv) : without planning
on the spot : then and there
instinctively (adv) : naturally ; without giving much forethought
instinct (n) : an unlearned activity
design (v) : plan
psychology (n) : behavioural science
sociology (n) : study of society
come to a full circle (idm) : return to the same attitude that one originally had
derive (v) : deduce
interpretation (n) : analysis, explanation

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 5A The Treasure Within (Part I) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 5A The Treasure Within (Part I)

PRE-READlNG (Motivotion/Picture Interaction):

Look at the pictures given and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
IdentIfy the persons In the pictures.
Answer:
The persons in the pictures are — Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan. Dr. A.PJ. Abdul Kalam, Mokshagundam Vìsweswarayya and Saína Nehwal.

Question 2.
Which field does each of them belong to?
Answer:
Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan was a Teacher; Dr. A.PJ. Abdul Kalam was a scientist;
Mokshagundam Visweswarayya was a famous engineer and Sama Nehwal is a leading badminton player.

Question 3.
Would you like to be anyone of them? If yes, name the field you like.
Answer:

• I would like to be a teacher (or)
• I would like to be a scientist (or)
• I would like to be an engineer (or)
• I would like to be a badminton player.

ORAL DISCOURSE:

Question.
Talk on – “Ambition of your life”
Answer:
Everybody of us has an aim in life. An ambition is something that one wants to do or achieve very much. It is the inner desire of oneself. My ambition in life is to become a scientist. Scientists are great people. They spend most of their time in scientific research to invent/discover new things. They always work hard for the welfare of the mankind. It is all because of the numerous inventions and discoveries done by the scientists the life became comfortable for us. They inspired me a lot. So. I want to become a scientist. I am very fond of the science subject. I want to do research in physics and discover something new. It’s my dream to become a scientist. May God help me with my work !

The Treasure Within (Part-I) Summary in English

The Treasure Within is an interview between Ms. Bela Raja, who is the Editor of Sparsh, a newsletter and Mr. Hafeez Contractor, one of India’s leading architects.

As a school student, Hafeez Contractor was afraid of education. It was literally a nightmare. Hafeez was a good student in the first and second years. When he reached the third standard, he lost interest and he never studied.
He was interested in games, playing jokes and pranks on others. He would copy during the exam times. He could not remember things when they were taught in the class. So, he tried to get hold of the examination paper that was prepared and study it.

One day, his principal called him and spoke to him. One sentence spoken by the principal at that time changed his life. When he was in the eleventh standard, the principal called him and told him that he was a good student but he never studied. Till that day he had taken care of Hafeez and it was not possible for him to do that any more. Hence he had to take care of himself.

The principal asked him to study well.
Hafeez was a good sportsman. He played every game. He was a senior champion for the school. But that year he didn’t go out to play. He used to pray, eat and study.

In the SSC examination, he worked hard and scored 50 percent. The principal asked Hafeez to consider the score a distinction.

Hafeez couldn’t remember anything he listened to in the classroom. In order to remember things, he had to see them as a photograph. So reading a book was more helpful to him than listening to a teacher in class.

Hafeez received a caning every week from his teacher. But he never took it seriously. He was serious about playing, going to movies, eating and having gang fights. He opened the books one day before the exams. So, his books were almost brand new and students used to buy them for the following years.

Glossary:

terrible (adj) : horrible
nightmare (n) : frightening dream
psyche (n) : mind or mentality
get over (phr.v) : recover from ; overcome
absolutely (adv) : completely
pranks (n) : jokes (or) mischief
approach (v) : reach
take care of (phr.v) : look after
bring up (phr.v) : upbringing
rise to the occasion (idm) : act suitably
distinction (n) : very good achievement
pull up (phr.v) : punish
caning (n) : (cane+ing) : punishment or beating
incur (v) : bear
wrath (n) : anger
state of mind : mental condition
insecure (adj) : not having security
threatened (adj) : terrorised
distraction (n) : deviation
whole (adj) : complete
chor-police (n) : children’s game (thief and policeman)
heart’s content : satisfaction of the heart
strategies (n) : methods of winning
academics (n) : studies/educational matters (books, studies, discussions, etc.)
following (adj) : next
almost (adv) : nearly
probably (adv) : perhaps
book (v) : offer to buy in advance

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4C The Computer Game (One act play) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4C The Computer Game (One act play)

Questions and Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who was the Quiz master?
Answer:
Gary Lopez is the quiz master.

Question 2.
Who won the game at the end?
Answer:
Joan won the game at the end.

Question 3.
How did the boy counter the computer?
Answer:
The boy requested the audience to ask the questions instead of Gary Lopez, the quiz master. He whispered to the girl to put the question in the form of a command. He deliberately played the trick on him because he knew that the computer was programmed for questions only. It cannot answer for commands. Thus, the boy countered the computer very cleverly.

Question 4.
Why do you think the computer failed to answer the girl’s question?
Answer:
The computer was programmed for answering the questions in question form only. But the girl asked the question in the form of a command which the computer cannot answer. So, the computer failed to answer the girl’s question.

Question 5.
If you were to ask a question, what question would you ask?
Answer:
What would you do if you were in my position? This is the question I would ask.

Writing:

Imagine you owned a robot that could do anything you wanted. But suddenly there was a problem in it and it started doing something different from what you said.

Create a funny situation and write the dialogue between you and the robot, and present it before the class.
Answer:
My best companion is my robot who helps me in all my personal day to day activities. It acts promptly according to my commands. Suddenly, it began to behave in a different way. It was not following my commands. It caused me great trouble. This is how it happened.

Robot : Good morning, master.
Master : Good morning, Robot.
Robot : Here’s your bed coffee, sir.
Master : Thank you, Robot. I really need it now. (Begins to drink, immediately throws it away) What is this? It’s too hot to drink.
Robot : I feel it is quite normal. I’ll bring you brush and paste.
Master : OK.
Robot : (He puts in mouth and spits out). Is it paste? It is looking like shaving foam.
Robot : It is white in colour. So, I brought it.
Master : Robot, keep hot water ready in the bathroom. I’ll take bath.
Robot : It is ready, master.
Master : (Enters the bathroom. Cries loudly). Oh! God.
Robot : (rushed to the spot) What happened, master?
Master : The water is damn hot. I can’t bathe with it.
Robot : (Stands and stares at the master.)
Master : Robot, get me breakfast. I’m hungry.
Robot : (Brings breakfast and hits against master’s face. He presses into his mouth.)
Master : Ummmm. (Tries to get away from the grip of Robot. But Robot is very strong. At last, he manages to free himself and ran away.)

Oral Activity:

Discuss in groups and write a script for a funny situation between you and robot and role play it based on those actions and dialogues.
Answer:
You : Good morning, robot.
Robot : Good morning, master.
You : Bring vegetables from the market.
Robot : OK, master.
(After an hour, robot brought cartloads of vegetables)
You : What! Why have you brought such a huge loads of vegetables ?
Robot : You commanded and I did, master.
You : You fool! It’s all my fault to tell you to bring the vegetables.
O.K., Now, I want to give you another important work. Do it carefully.
Robot : O.K., master.
You : We have to go to the airport. Drive the car.
Robot : O.K., master.
You : Why are you driving so slowly ? Drive fast.
(The robot is driving the care very fast with maximum speed)
You : What are you doing ? Why are you driving so fast ? Slow it down immediately.
Robot : O.K., master. Yon have told me to go fast. That’s why I have raised the speed.
You : Stop the car immediately. I won’t ask you to do the things anymore. I will drive myself.
Robot : O.K., boss.

Project Work:

Here are four different mobiles and their features. If you want to buy a mobile, which one would you like to buy? Why? Write a paragraph and present it in the class.

img 1

Answer:

Sokia

Having considered the features of all the mobiles I have decided to buy Sokia. As far as my knowledge goes, Sokia is the best choice for me. It has a large screen of 7.1 inches which no other mobile has. It is useful for me to read the text easily. It has good battery backup which can help me in long journeys. Apart from these, it has the facility of blue tooth that is essential nowadays to download anything. Added to this, it provides music player which is a good entertainer. Finally, it has VGA camera which is an added advantage.

Self Assessment:

How well have I understood this unit?

Read and tick (✓) in the appropriate box.

Details of Characters:

Gary Lopez : Television game host
Joan Robinson : One of the players, a school boy
MT2 : The Computer. It is another player
First Noisemaker : An electronic device used for making BLEEP’ sound by the Computer when it wants to answer the question.
Second Noisemaker : An electronic device used for makin ‘BUZZ’ sound used by Joan Robinson when he wants to answer the question.
A boy and a girl : Audience (there are more than two)

The Computer Game (One act play) Summary in English

The Computer Game is a short comedy playlet which was written by Steven Otfinoski. He tries to bring out the weaknesses of the computers in a sarcastic manner. Computers are just machines which are programmed by the human beings. They will act in a way they are programmed. The author in this short playlet highlighted how computers can become ineffective if they are not properly commanded.

The computer game was a television show in which there was a game of quiz played between Joan Robinson and MT2, the computer. Gary Lopez was the host of the game. Gary said that no one had beaten MT2 so far. He explained the rules of the game before the start of the game. He said that he would ask a question. Then the player who sounded the noise maker first and gave the correct answer would score one point. Then the first player who got three points would win the game.

When Gary asked how much it was 62,415 times 78,921. The computer answered correctly. It said that it was 4,925,854,215. Gary asked the second question. He asked what date in history the pilgrims had landed at Plymouth Rock. Joan tried to give the answer which went wrong. But the computer gave the correct answer that it was on December 21 of the year 1620.

The computer had scored 2 points and the computer was about to win the game. When Gary was prepared to ask the third question, Joan decided to play a trick. He requested the audience to ask the question instead of Gary. A girl came forward to do it. Then Joan whispered to the girl to put the question in the form of a command. Because he understood that the computer was programmed for questions in question form. It could not answer the commands.

When the girl asked to spell ‘Chrysanthemum’, the computer failed to answer it. However, Joan was able to do it easily. Immediately, the computer broke down. As a result, Joan had won the game.

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4B Preteen Pretext (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4B Preteen Pretext (Poem)

My teenybopper has a phone;
She really never is alone.
It beeps and jitters day and night,
Emitting tiny bluish light.

Her ring tone is the latest rage,
As other preteens text and page.
One- liner messages appear
That make her grin from ear to ear.

The latest crisis, who likes whom,
The rock star with the best perfume;
Such weight matters cause her thrill
And elevate our monthly bill.

And yet, the silver lining glows,
For we have never come to blows.
I never have to raise my voice,
Because I have a high-tech choice.

1f school assignments pile sky-high,
I exhale with a weighty sigh.
Like every modem mom who cares,
¡ simply telephone upstairs.

When chores demand her energies,
I simply text her, asking “Please!”
No alibis or missing word,
Because it’s clear that she has heard.

And if my daughter goes outside
To visit friends, both far and wide,
Her curfew’s easy to enforce
With her new cellular resource.

This beeping tether holds her close,
While helping her feel grandiose.
If separation e’er occurs,
My speed-dial links my heart to hers.

Our handy cell phones help us out,
Convenient, easy, with no doubt.
Yes, certainly, they have their place.
But can’t we talk once, face to face?

Questions and Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who do you think is the speaker of the lines?
Answer:
I think the speaker of the lines is Linda Ann Nickerson, the poet of the present poem, ‘Preteen Pretext’.

Question 2.
What attitude of the speaker is conveyed through the last two lines of the first stanza?
Answer:
The poet has a positive attitude towards the preteens. Though she is against the preteens using cell phones she understands the uses of cell phones. The poet is highly sensitive, sensible and responsible modern mother who is concerned about the emotions of the preteens.

Question 3.
In what ways are the cell phones useful for us according to the poem?
Answer:
According to the poem, cell phones are useful for us in many ways. We need not raise our voice when we want to call somebody. When we want to remind our children of their assignments we can telephone upstairs. When it is urgent we can send a message to them. They will never miss it or cannot escape. When our children go outside we can contact them with the help of the cell phone. Whenever there is separation cell phones can bring our hearts closer.

Question 4.
What does the last line of the poem convey to us?
Answer:
In the last line the poet says that phones have their own importance in our lives, They are very essential in modern days. But it is equally important to have a talk face to face. When we meet people personally and share our feelings it will improve good human relations.

Preteen Pretext (Poem) Summary in English

In the present poem, Preteen Pretext, the poet shares her thoughts and feelings about the use and abuse of cell phones among the preteens in modern days. Cell phone is one of the wonderful inventions of man. It has its merits and demerits.

The poet has preteen age daughter who has the habit of using the cell phone. She is always busy talking over the cell phone.

Her cell phone has the latest features like messaging and page. Her cell phone is with one liner message. Whenever she receives a message she is very happy.

The poet says her monthly cell phone bills are increasing due to the latest crisis of the rock star with best perfume. Though it thrills it causes worry.

Even though the cell phone rings she never fights with her daughter. Instead, she uses hi-tech method of using cell phone to call her.

If her school assignments are piling up like a modern mom she telephones upstairs to remind her of assignments. When the poet needs her daughter’s energies in work, she simply sends her a message. So that she hears it. And, she has no way to show any sort of evidence that she hasn’t heard the message.

When the poet’s daughter goes outside to visit her friends, cell phone is used as a resource to contact her. Whenever there is separation, her cell phone connects their hearts.

Finally, the poet concludes the poem by saying that cell phone is a useful object in modern days. There is no doubt that it makes our lives easy and convenient. At the same time, it is really essential to maintain human relations. This is possible only by meeting the people.personally.

Glossary:

preteen (n) : a young person of about 11 or 12 years of age
pretext (n) : a false reason that you give for doing something, usually something bad, in order to hide the real reason; an excuse
teenybopper (n) : a young teenager particularly a girl, who follows adolescent trends in music, fashion and culture
beep (n) : a short high sound such as that made by a car horn or by electronic equipment
jitters (v) : makes nervous
emitting (v) : sending out light
rage (n) : (informal) to be very popular and fashionable
bluish (adj) : blue in colour
grin (v) : smile broadly
elevate (v) : raise to a higher level
come to blows (Idiom) : to start fighting because of something
pile (v) : lay things one on top of another
exhale (v) : breathe out
chores (n) : routine tasks
alibis (n) : excuses
curfew (n) : the time after which nobody must go outside
tether (n) : a rope for tying an animal
grandiose (adj) : planned on a large scale
e’er (adv) = ever.

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Study Material Telangana Unit 4A The Fun They Had Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 4A The Fun They Had

PRE-READING (Motivotion/Picture Interaction):

Look at the pictures given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What do you see in these pictures ?
Answer:
In the first picture we see a robot. In the second picture we see a rocket being launched. We see a digital classroom and an astronaut in the third and the fourth pictures respectively.

Question 2.
What do they tell us ?
Answer:
They tell us how science and technology are progressing. They tell us we are technically advanced.
Robots are playing a vital role in our daily life from kitchen to gardening and from industry to sports. Robots are controlling the whole factories reducing the need of man-power and making life better.

Rockets that carry satellites are being launched for the welfare of mankind. The satellites send us information about mineral wealth, weather forecast, prediction of natural calamities, etc.

Digital classrooms are revolutionizing in education sector and ushering in a new premise in providing teachers and students with a broad, flexible and agile learning.

Astronauts are sent into the space to explore things regarding space, other planets, satellites, etc.

ORAL DISCOURSE:

Question.
Debate – “Development in Science and Technology will always lead to disasters.”
Answer:
Pupil 1 : In my opinion the development in Science and Technology is a threat to human kind. Thousands of people lost their lives during bomb attacks. We see the lack of moral values in human beings with the technoloical development.

Pupil 2 : I strongly object my learned friend’s idea. Science and technology has improved our way of life. To say that Science and Technology is beneficial to the man kind, there are many examples such as the invention of computers, advancement in medicine, advancements in the fields of education, communication, trade, etc. which have all made our lives more comfortable.

Pupil 1 : I disagree with you, dear friend. Though our industries are producing chemicals for rapid industrial development, at the same time, they are emitting poisonous smokes which cause air pollution. Some factories discharge chemicals into water and thus the water is polluted. The advancement in the field of transport leads to both the air pollution and sound pollution.

Pupil 2 : I personally feel that atomic energy is used for many development purposes. It is the cheapest source of energy. Electricity is produced at low cost.

Pupil 1 : That’s purely your idea but the reality is different. You know very well what happened during Chernobyl explosions. Radio activity caused the deaths of a number of people. Some others have been suffering from incurable diseases. Some people have been suffering from skin cancer.

Pupil 2 : Its my feeling that science has minimized our hardships. It has made our lives more comfortable. The modem scientific techniques are applied in agriculture to meet the growing demands. I think science is a real blessing.

Comprehension:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did Margie write in her diary?
Answer:
Margie wrote that Tommy had found a real book.

Question 2.
What did Margie find strange in the book ?
Answer:
Margie found the following things strange in the book. They are :

1. The words stand still. They do not move like the words on the screen.
2. There was a real man as a teacher.
3. The children went to a place called school to study.

Question 3.
Why do you think Margie was disappointed?
Answer:
Margie did not like the slot for homework and the test papers given by the mechanical teacher. She hoped that they would take away the mechanical teacher altogether but they did not do it. So, she was disappointed.

Question 4.
Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?
Answer:
Margie thought that the old schools must have been fun since all the kids from the whole neighbourhood would come to school together. They laughed and shouted in the schopl yard
the same things by helping one another in doing homework and talking about it. There people were working as teachers.

Question 5.
Margie says old school was better than the future school! …. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons.
Answer:
I fully agree with this statement. The schools today are more fun than the school in the story because today, all the kids of an area come together to study. The children of a particular age learn the same things and grow together. They share their feelings, ideas, make friends and enjoy themselves.

Since the teachers are human beings they have feelings and they understand the problems of the students. If anyone has any problem, they can express their doubts. But in future schools it is not possible because the teachers are mechanical and there are no common classrooms in a school. They will miss collaborative learning and socialization.

Question 6.
What kind of school do you wish to have after 30 years?
Answer:
I wish to have the classrooms fully equipped with all the digital technology. The teachers are friendly, cooperative and sensible. I wish to have exams which promote creativity among the children. They are free from exam fear, stress and burden of a heavy books bag.

Question 7.
‘And the teachers were people.’ What do you understand by this expression?
Answer:
This is an expression of amazement and wonder.

Vocabulary:

I. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

slots, loftily, dispute, screamed, scornful

Question 1.
We look _________ when we show something useless.
Answer:
scornful

Question 2.
Your workbook does not have _________ for writing.
Answer:
slots

Question 3.
Why do you always _________ your younger brother’s statements?
Answer:

Question 4.
The commander ordered _________ to the soldiers, “Open fire”.
Answer:

Question 5.
All the boys _________ when they saw a snake in their classroom.
Answer:

II. Pick out the opposites for the following words from the story and use them in your own sentences.

Question 1.
serious x
Answer:
funny

Question 2.
scarce x
Answer:
plenty

Question 3.
idle x
Answer:
busy

Question 4.
agree x
Answer:
dispute

Question 5.
create x
Answer:
destroy

Question 6.
knowingly x
Answer:
unwillingly/ inadvertently/ unknowingly.

Using the opposite words in own sentences :

1. I read a funny story yesterday
2. He wrote a plenty of letters to the editor of The Hindi on education.
3. Nowadays students are busy preparing for their examinations.
4. He has disputes with his neighbours.
5. It is very easy to destroy in minutes what has taken years for one to create.
6. He fell on the floor unknowingly.

III. Look at the underlined words in the following sentence taken from the text.

He was a round little man with a red face.

As you can see, there are two adjectives that precede the noun ‘man’. The adjective ‘round’ and ‘little’ appear in a certain order. The adjective little’ refers to the ‘size’ and ‘round’ indicates the ‘shape’.

Think of two adjectives of size and shape for the following objects and put them before the nouns.

Answers:
1. big round table
2. long red pencil
3. large comfortable room
4. round soft chapathi
5. fat beautiful cat

Grammar:

I. Read the sentence taken from the text.

He added loftily, pronouncing the word carefully. “Centuries ago”.
In this sentence the words ‘carefully’ and loftily’ are adverbs of manner, because they tell us about how the action is done.

1. Pick out some more verbs and the adverbs that go with them from the story or elsewhere use them in your own sentences.
Answers:
1. shaken – sorrowfully
e.g. : When her son did not come home in time, Sarala had shaken her head sorrowfully.

2. blanked out – completely
e.g. : All the names in the letter had been blanked out completely.

3. geared – quickly
e.g. : When he saw the car behind him was about to hit him, he geared his bike quickly.

4. taught – differently
e.g. : My Maths teacher teaches Maths differently. So, I like him so much.

5. said – nonchalantly
e.g. : Raju said to me about his problem nonchalantly. So, I was convinced and helped him.

2. Now took at the adverb? given In the box and fill in the blanks.

nonchalantly, quickly, completely, sorrowfully, awfully, carefully, differently

Question 1.
We all behave _________ when we don’t have any anxiety.
Answer:
differently

Question 2.
I _________ forgot about it.
Answer:
completely

Question 3.
The report must be read _________ then the action will be taken.
Answer:
carefully

Question 4.
The teacher shook her head _________ when her student lied to her.
Answer:
sorrowfully

Question 5.
The two teams played _________.
Answer:
nonchalantly

II. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined part in each sentence.

1. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly.
2. It was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to — on a screen.

What, according to you, is the function of the underlind clause? Which part in the sentence does it modify? The underlined parts in these sentences are Relative Clauses.

A Relative Clause gives extra information about or identifies a person, place, tiine or thing. It normally begins with a relative pronoun such as who, where, when, what or that. It functions like an adjective. It is known as adjective clause.

Now, read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.

a) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers.
Answer:
The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers.

b) This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.
Answer:
This is the old kind of school that they had hundreds and hundreds of years ago.

c) My mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently.
Answer:
My mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently.

Note : In the third sentence the relative clause is without a relative pronoun.

III. Combine the sentences using where, who, which and that.

Question 1.
Mahi always tells funny stories. We all like them.
Answer:
Mahi always tells funny stories which we all like.

Question 2.
Dolly ate all the biscuits. 1 bought them for Chandu.
Answer:
Dolly ate all the biscuits (that) I bought them for Chandu.

Question 3.
An old man visited us last night. He was my grandfather.
Answer:
The old man who visited us last night was my grandfather.

Question 4.
We should remember the place. We often used to meet.
Answer:
We should remember the place (where) we often used to meet.

Question 5.
Divija gave me a camera. It was not working.
Answer:
The camera which Divya gave me was not working.

IV. Complete the following sentences using with suitable relative clauses.

Question 1.
I know the boy __________________
Answer:
I know the boy who won the first prize.

Question 2.
I visited the place __________________
Answer:
I visited the place which is famous for its architecture.

Question 3.
He told me the time __________________
Answer:
He told me the time which is not convenient for me.

Question 4.
This is the book __________________
Answer:
This is the book (that) I brought from the library last week.

Editing:

Read the following passage.

Every numbered sentence has an error. Identify and edit it.

(1) In Siripuram village it did not rain at three years. (2) Men, women and children looked at the sky anxious for signs of clouds. (3)The pond were now a wide stretch of caked earth. Thirsty animals crowded around puddles of dirty’ water. (4) Women went very far on search of water. (5)They returned with pots of water balanced over their head and some fodder of the cattle tucked under their arms.
Answer:
(1) In Siripuram village it did not rain for three gears. (2) Men, women and children looked at the sky anxiously for signs of clouds. (3) The pond was now a wide stretch of caked earth. Thirsty animals crowded around puddles of dirty water. (4) Women went very far in search of water. (5) They returned with pots of water balanced over their heads and some fodder of the cattle tucked under their arms.

Writing:

I. Mary is a girl studying in class eight. Read the following letter that she wrote to her friend Candy.

Wonderland,
Computer Town.
20th Sept 2012.

Dear Candy,
I am very glad to say that I have established a computer teaching lab, which gives me full information with the help of a mechanical teacher. It’s an up-to-date lab. Technology is growing fast, isn’t it? Imagine our classroom in 30 years. Reply soon.

With warm regards,

Your loving friend,
Mary.

To
M. Candy,
H.No. 45-7/A,
Winterland,
Technical Country.

Write a reply imagining how our future classrooms will be in the next 30 years. You may use the following hints while writing.

Answer:

Winterland,
Technical Country,
25th Sept 2012.

Dear Mary,

I am delighted to know that you have established a computer lab. Your letter made me think seriously about the future classrooms in the next 30 years.

We have seen several changes in the field of education in the recent past. I imagine that there will be an enormous change in classroom teaching and learning. I think, in future, the children will not carry heavy loads of books to the classrooms. They will go to schools with laptops with internet connection. They will be accessible to the e-library through which they can refer to any book in the world.

I imagine that the present classroom system may disappear gradually. The children may depend more on e-screens and robot teachers who are available on screen 24 hours and 365 days. Presently, we have online evaluation system in respect of some competitive exams. In future, there will be online examinations for every class. The children will take them at their own will and convenience.

E-mail has already become popular even nowadays. The use of postal system will be minimized. Everybody will use e-mailing in future. I guess that the children will become more creative, innovative and independent learners. The teacher- student interaction will decrease. The relationship between teacher and the student may diminish!

With best regards,

Yours lovingly,
Candy.

To
Mary,
Wonderland,
Computer town.

Listening:

I. Listen to a message from space by Sunitha Williams and answer the following questions.

Message from Space

Sunitha Williams sent out warm wishes on the occasion of Diwali from the International Space Station.

“I just want to wish everybody in India and people of Indian origin around the world a “Happy Diwali” It’s a wonderful festival and I am happy we are part Of it up here at the International Space Station. I did bring a couple of things that have to do with India from my father, particularly a peaceful ‘Om’ that stays outside my crew quarters where I sleep, and the Upanishads. So I can read it while I am up, It is a small version (of the Upanishads) but it definitely brings the wisdom to us while we are here and allow us to think of the true meaning of life and what we are doing, Heartfelt feelings for the work we are doing up here and how we are doing and for our safe return back home.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the text about?
Answer:
The text is about Sunita Williams’s messsage.

Question 2.
Where was Sunita Williams when she sent the message?
Answer:
She was at the International Space Station when she sent the message.

Question 3.
On which occasion did she send the message?
Answer:
She sent the message on the occasion of Diwali.

Question 4.
What are the two things Sunita received from her father?
Answer:
Sunita received a peaceful ‘Om’ and the Upanishads.

Question 5.
In what way did the Upanishads help Sunita?
Answer:
According to Sunita the Upanishads bring the wisdom to us and allow us to think of the true meaning of life and what we are doing.

Study Skills:

Here are posters about two schools. Read them carefully.

Even one of you have an aspiration. Someone wants to become a sportsperson, a software engineer, etc. As a student, which school would you want to join? Why? Write your opinion here.
Answer:

To Become a Sportsperson

When I compare the features of both the schools I would prefer to join the Z.P High School, Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, The following features of the Z.P High School have attracted me.

1. It is located in the midst of nature.
2. Its focus is on all-round development of the child.
3. It provides individual attention.
4. There is a scope for games and sports.

Since this school is located in the midst of the nature I can have a good playground in a pleasant atmosphere which promotes my health.

Their main focus is not on education alone but on all-round development of the child. So, they will provide me an opportunity to concentrate on games and sports. They will never insist me on studying more time to get marks. I think, they encourage me in sports and games.

They promise individual attention. It means they will observe my performance in games and sports and provide me good feedback which enables me to overcome my weaknesses. They will also provide me necessary support, good guidance and coaching in a game or sport in which I am interested.

The Fun They Had Summary in English

“The Fun They Had” is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. This story takes place in 2157. In this story, the writer describes the present school and the school in the future. Margie was an eleven year old girl. One day she wrote about an old book which Tommy, her brother, found his attic. It was all about the schools some centuries ago. Margie learnt through her grandfather that there was a time when books were printed on paper.

They were surprised to know that the words were not moving just like the words on the computer screen. Tommy thought that it was a waste to have a printed book and so, TV screen was better.

Margie always hated school. She had problems in learning geography. Her mechanical teacher had been giving test after test in geography and she was doing worse and worse. She j had a slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She had to write them out in a punch code. The mechanical teacher calculated the marks in no time. Her mother worried and sent for the County Inspector. He said that the geography sector was too fast. He said that the progress of the girl was quite satisfactory. And, he had reset it to the level of the girl. Margie was disappointed because she hoped that they would take away the mechanical teacher just like the Tommy’s history teacher.

She was interested to know about the book. She wanted to read about that old and funny school. Margie went into the school room which was next to her bedroom. The mechanical teacher would teach her at the same time except Saturday and Sunday. She put yesterday’s I homework in the proper slot but she was thinking about that old school. She started thinking ; about the children who were going to school, learning the same things in the same class. They ! would help one another with the home work and talk about it. The kids would go home together laughing and shouting in the school yard. She was thinking about the fun they had.

About the Author:

Isaac Asimov (1920 – 1992) was an American author best known for his science fiction. He was the professor of biochemistry at Boston University. He is considered the master of science fiction. Most of his works explain scientific concepts in a historical way. He worked as the president of AHA (American Humanist Association). He earned a credit on ‘Star Trek’, a movie on science fiction. His famous works are ‘The, Foundation Series’, ‘The Robot Series’ and ‘The Galactic Empire Series’.

Glossary:

crinkly (adj) : with many folds or lines
awfully (adv) : very badly, unpleasantly
million (n) : ten lakhs
telebooks (n) : books seen or read on a television or computer screen
attic (n) : a space just below the roof, used as a storeroom
scornful (adj) : contemptuous; think something is worthless
slot (n) : a given space, time or position
geared (adj) : adjusted to a particular standard or level
loftily (adv) : in a superior way
regular teacher (n.phr) : a mechanical teacher (here)
betcha (exp) : (bet you) I’m sure
dispute (v) : disagree with
screamed (v) : gave a loud cry
nonchalantly (adv) : not showing much interest
beneath (prep.) : below
mechanical (adj) : connected with machines operated by power
patted (v) : hit repeatedly
disappointed (adj) : upset
probably (adv) : likely to happen

Telangana SCERT TS 8th Class Physics Study Material Pdf 11th Lesson Stars and the Solar System Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Physics 11th Lesson Questions and Answers – Stars and the Solar System

Reflections on concepts

Question 1.
Why does pole star seems to be stationary?
Answer:
Stars actually do not move. They only appear to move from east to west, as the earth from where we see them, rotates west to east. The pole star is situated in the direction of the earth’s axis and that is why it does not appear to move even though all stars appear that they are moving.

Question 2.
Among all 8 planets what is the special thing about earth?
Answer:

1. Earth is the only planet in the solar system on which life exists.
2. Some special environmental conditions like the right temperature range, the presence of water, suitable atmosphere and a blanket of ozone round the earth (which protects us from the harmful Ultra – Violet rays from sun) have made life on earth, to continue.

Question 3.
How do people come to an understanding that earth is spherical?
Answer:
Nicholas Copernicus suggested that the Sun is at the centre of the universe and all other celestial objects are revolving around the Sun. Then how do day and nights occur. It was assumed that earth rotates on its axis. This model could explain the occurence of day and night. In this way people came to an understanding that earth rotates on its axis.

Question 4.
How do people come to an understanding that earth rotates on its own axis?
Answer:

1. The shape of the earth is spherical. It is get clarified in 1969 when man landed on the moon and observed the earth’s shape from the moon.
2. In every eclipse people, found that the shape of the earth is round, even though there is a chance of getting linear elliptical shadows by a circular orbit.
3. Sailors, who started their journey in ocean, reached the same place after traveling large distance in one direction only.
4. Observations about the movement of stars and different stars visible from different places on the earth also helped to think about the shape of the earth.
5. Such observations made by people on the earth cone to an understanding that earth is spherical.

Question 5.
How many planets are there in our solar system? What are they?
Answer:
There are 8 planets in our solar system. They are:

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune

(Note: Pluto is not considered a planet, for some reasons)

Application of concepts

Question 1.
What factors to be taken into consideration to view the pole star at your place?
Answer:
If there is a star located where the axis of rotation of the earth meets the sky, which is nothing but a stationary star. The pole star is situated in the direction of the earth’s axis and that is why it does not appear to move even though all stars appear that they are moving because of the rotation of the earth.

Question 2.
How can you find north-south direction at your place?
Answer:

1. In our place, I stand facing the rising sun and stretch my hands side-wise. The left-hand side indicates the north and the right-hand side, the south.
2. The shortest shadow cast by a vertical object on the ground always falls in the north-south direction.

Question 3.
Is it possible to see the pole star for the people who live in the southern hemisphere of the earth? Why?
Answer:

1. The polestar is situated in the north direction along the axis of rotation of the earth. it is in the northern horizon.
2. This star appears stationary since it is located in equatorial plane at a very large distance. For these reasons, people living in the southern hemisphere of the earth cannot see the polestar.

Question 4.
Draw the different phases of moon. Arrange them in a order from pournami to Amavasya.
Answer:

Question 5.
What are the planets you have seen in the sky? When do you observe those planets’?
Answer:
Mercury (Budhudu) and Venus (Sukrudu) are visible to the naked eye.

1. Mercury: It can be observed just before sunrise or just after sunset, near horizon.
2. Venus: It appears in the eastern sky before sunrise. Sometimes it appears in the western sky just after sunset. So it is also called, ‘morning’ or evening star’.
3. Planets Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune can be seen only with the help of a telescope.

Question 6.
What is the use of artificial satellites in our daily life?
Answer:

1. India built and launched several artificial satellites. Some of them are, Aryabhatta, INSAT, IRS, Kalpana -1, Edusat, etc.
2. Artificial satellites have practical applications. They are used for

• forecasting weather.
• transmitting television arid radio signals.
• telecommunication.
• remote sensing (collecting information from distance in aviation and military use.)
• finding underground minerals wealth.
• finding the extent of vegetation, deserts, barren lands, etc., on the earth.

Question 7.
How do day and night occur?
Answer:
The earth rotates upon its tilted axis once in 24 hours, while the sun remains constant. So due to such rotation of the earth, days and nights occur.

Question 8.
What are the questions that engage your mind when you look at night sky?
Answer:
The night sky presents a beautiful pattern of thousands of stars against a dark semicircular dome. Following are some of the questions that tease my mind, while look at such a beautiful night sky.

1. Apart from these stars and the moon, are there any other celestial objects?
2. What is present in the stars? Why do they shine like the sun?
3. Are the stars stationary or moving?
4. Is the number of visible stars on a moonlit night the same, as that we see on a dark night?
5. Why does the moon appear some nights only?
6. Why the moon is waning and waxing in shape?
7. Is the sky limited, or unlimited?
8. Why not these celestial bodies fall on the earth, because of its gravitational pull?
9. Do the same stars appear in summer as well as in winter nights?

Higher Order Thinking Questions

Question 1.
Even though we do not have clock, we can know the time by observing some shadows in day time. Think and discuss with your friends how can we know the time at night.
Answer:
Our ancestors used to know the approximate time at night, by observing the position of stars as well as the position of the moon.

Question 2.
We launched many artificial satellites around our earth for different purposes. What do you think about the impact of artificial satellites and their radiation on biodiversity?
Answer:

1. The earth receives a large energy daily from the sun and maintains a steady state, by giving off most of this energy, at the same rate.
2. Thus the earth maintains a surface temperature of about 17°C.
3. But due to the human activities, our earth is getting warmed up. Many factors contribute for the global warming’. One of them is the ‘radiation pollution’, partly contributed by the ‘artificial satellites.
4. Radiations are also emitted b’ the ‘signal towers erected for communication purposes and TV.
5. Due to the radiations emitted by the satellites and the signal towers, much havoc is caused. Some of them are

• Increase of global temperature: This has a very disastrous effect on the life on this earth.
• Many birds die due to these radiations. Some species of birds, like the sparrow, are on the verge of extinction.
• Many unwanted mutations take place in plants and animals, due to radiation. Such mutations are mostly harmful.

Question 3.
How do you appreciate the construction of knowledge about the Universe by our ancestors?
Answer:
Our ancestors observed many things related to our earth, the solar system and the universe. They observed the things without having any instrument like a telescope.

A few of them are: :

1. Some of them can tell the time of the day simply by looking the shadows of the objects.
2. They used to estimate precisely the periods of phases of moon, lunar – eclipses, solar – eclipses, and a lot more.
3. They expected the shape of the earth as round by

• observing the shadows of the earth and lunar – eclipse.
• observing distant ships approaching the port.
• observing the movement of stars and different stars visible from different places of the earth.

Question 4.
Among eight planets of our solar system, earth Is the only planet supporting life. Explain how we should protect our earth and its environment.
Answer:
The earth is the only planet with life on it. The temperature on earth varies from 1°C to 55°C on an average, making it most suitable for life to exist, It is enveloped by a layer of gases called the atmosphere’ and also a blanket of ozone’.

But due to human activities’ and their unbound greediness, our earth and the environment is getting polluted. The different types of pollution are

1. Air pollution.
2. Water pollution,
3. Earth pollution,
4. Noise pollution,
5. Radiation pollution

Measures suggested to control pollution:
To control pollution and make our earth inhabitable, following steps are suggested for the ‘Action plan’.

1. Shift from coal-fired thermal stations and industries to more efficient gas-fired ones.
2. Harness more and more solar energy (like the Gujarat state), wind energy and tidal energy (renewable sources of energy)
3. Reduce live stock (animals), which generate methane (CH, a greenhouse gas).
4. Impose heavy penalties on two and four-wheeler motor vehicles, exceeding emission levels.
5. Replace ‘freons in air-conditioner units, refrigerators and aerosol by other eco-friendly (not harmful to the environment) substances.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
When the moon completely covers the sun as seen from the earth is known as ……….. .[ ]
a) Partial solar eclipse
b) Total solar eclipse
c) Annular eclipse
d) Hybrid eclipse
Answer:
b) Total solar eclipse

Question 2.
The planet which is near to earth is [ ]
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn
Answer:
a) Mercury

Question 3.
The brightest planet among all the planets [ ]
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn
Answer:
b) Venus

Question 4.
Moon is [ ]
a) the natural satellite to earth
b) an artificial satellite to earth
c) a comet
d) an asteroid
Answer:
a) the natural satellite to earth

Question 5.
The first Indian artificial satellite [ ]
a) IN SAT
b) Kalpana -1
c) Aiyabhatta
d) EDUSAT
Answer:
c) Aiyabhatta

Suggested Experiments

Question 1.
Conduct an experiment to find out the local noon time of your village/Town.
Answer:

1. Take a stick which is a little over a meter long and fix it vertically in the ground.
2. Ensure that exactly one meter of the stick remains above surface of ground.
3. Make your first observation at 9 AM
4. Make a mark with nail or peg at the point where the tip of the shadow falls on ground. Measure the length of the shadow.
5. Make similar observations for every half an hour throughout the day till four in the evening.
6. Use a clock to fix the time for making observations.
7. Enter the measurement of the length of the shadow and the time of measurement in a table making two columns, one for time and another for length of shadow.
8. The shortest shadow cast by a vertical object on the ground always falls in the North South directions. You can use this fact to locate directions. The time when the shortest shadow occurs in called the local noon time at that place.

Question 2.
Conduct an experiment to make a sundial.
Answer:
Aim: To make a sun dial.
Requirements: A piece of cardboard, piece of wood, and a paper.

Method of Preparation: ‘

1. A right-angled triangle ABC is cut from a sheet of cardboard.
2. In this triangle, angle A is 90°. Angle C is kept 16°, which is the latitude of the Krishna district.
3. The cardboard triangle is fixed vertically in the middle of a rectangular wooden board.
4. To make the triangle stand erect, strips of paper arc glued along both the edges of BC and the wooden board.
5. The wooden board with the triangle is placed on a level ground in an open space. which gets sunlight throughout the day.
6. The wooden hoard is so placed such that the base BC of the triangle lies in the north-south direction, with B pointing to the north.
7. At 9 in the morning (9 A.M.) a line is drawn along the shadow of side AC on the wooden board.
8. The time 9 AM. marked along the side of the line.
9. Lines of the shadow of side AC are drawn at intervals of one- hour. through the day till sunset. The time is marked for each line drawn.
10. Now the sundial is ready.

Suggested Project Works

Question 1.
Collect the information what the Chandrayaan-I brought the information from the Moon through newspapers, magazines.
Answer:
In a historic event, the Indian space program achieved a unique feat on November 14, 2008
with the placing of Indian tricolor on the Moon’s surface. The Indian flag was painted on the sides of Moon Impact Probe (MIP), one of the 11 payloads of Chandrayaan I spacecraft that successfully hit the lunar surface at 20:31 hrs on November 14, 2008.

This is the first Indian-built object to reach the surface of the Moon. The point of MIP’s
impact was near the Moons South Polar Region. Weighing 34 kg at the time of its Launch on board Chandrayaan I, MIP carried a video imaging system, a radar altimeter, and a mass spectrometer. The video imaging system took the pictures of the Moon’s surface as MIP approached the lunar surface.

The radar altimeter measured the rate of descent of the probe and the mass spectrometer made detailed studs’ of the currently thin lunar atmosphere. SLV-C11 used for launching Chandravaan I is the updated version in its ‘standard configuration. Weighing 316 tons at lift-off, the vehicle used larger strap-on motors (PSOM-XL) to achieve required higher payload capability. PSOM-XL uses 12 tons of solid propellants instead of 9 tons used in the earlier configuration of PSLV.

Chandrayaan I further expands our knowledge about Earth’s only natural satellite-the Moon. With well-defined objectives, Chandravaan 1 mission intends to put an unmanned spacecraft into an orbit around the Moon and to perform remote sensing of our nearest celestial neighbor for about two years using eleven scientific instruments unit in India and five other countries.

The primary ‘‘objectives of Chandravaan I are:

• To upgrade the technological base in the country.
• To place an unmanned spacecraft in an orbit around the Moon.
• To conduct mineralogical and chemical mapping of the lunar surface.

Question 2.
Collect information about cosmic dust (wastage) from newspapers, internet and make a poster on your school panel board about the consequences of cosmic dust.
Answer:

1. Cosmic dust is a substance found throughout the universe. It is the basic medium from which everything in the universe is made.
2. It consists of small grains of material crystalline in structure and aggregates of such grains.
3. The composition of this dust changes radically. It depends on the circumstances in which the dust is formed.
4. Clouds of cosmic dust can obscure stars, planets and others in space, so that these could not be observed clearly in the sky.
5. The cosmic dust is an extremely abundant substance. It plays a very important role in many of the processes occurring in the universe, like the formation of stars and planets.
6. There are number of different types of cosmic dust. For example, the ‘Saturn rings’ are the ‘circumplanetary dust’.
7. In the solar systems, cosmic dust is scattered across the asteroid belts. It is the ‘interplanetary dust’.
8. There is interstellar dust between the stars and as well, intergalactic dust between the galaxies.
9. The effects on the sun (e.g., solar flares, solar winds, magnetic storms) and the earth’s climate are not simply due to the cosmic rays alone. They are also caused due to cosmic dust transported by the cosmic rays into the solar system.
10. Studies of cosmic dust can reveal interesting information about how galaxies, individual stars and planets form and ultimately destroy themselves.
11. The cosmic dust appears sometimes quite beautiful, as swirling images of nebulae have revealed.

Question 3.
What is the duration of a day and night today? Collect the information about duration of day and night for the past 7 days from the newspapers, analyze it, and say whether summer or winter is going to come.
Answer:
Date 1st July 2016
Sunrise 5: 49; Sunset 18: 51
Duration of day: 18: 51 -5 : 49 = 13 hrs 02 mts
Duration of night: 10 hrs: 58 mts. :

It is clear from the table, that the duration of the day is gradually decreasing and the duration of the night is gradually increasing. It indicates the passing of summer season, giving way to winter season. (information collected from ‘Panchangam by Sankaramanchivaru). In summer, the days are long and in winter, the nights are long.

Question 4.
Collect the information about chandrayan-2 and write a report.
Answer:
Chandrayaan-2 is an Indian mission to send an orbiter, lander, and rover to the Moon. The lander crashed in the Moon’s southern hemisphere in 2019. The orbiter is mapping the Moon’s topography, investigating the surface’s mineralogy and elements, studying the lunar exosphere, and looking for signatures of water ice.

(Chandrayaan-1, 2008; Chandrayaan-2, 2019) and Mars (Mars Orbiter Mission, 2013). ISRO plans to put astronauts into orbit in 2021.

the important points of Chandrayaan-2:
Image result
The primary objectives of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were to demonstrate the ability to soft-land and operate a robotic rover on the lunar surface. The scientific goals of the orbiter are: to study lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, and signatures of hydroxyl and water ice.

TS 8th Class Physics 11th Lesson Stars and the Solar System Intext Questions

Question 1.
What are the celestial objects that we can see in the sky?
Answer:
We can see Stars, Sun, Moon, Polestar, Great bear Constellation, Cassiopeia Constellation, some planets, Comets and Asteroids in the sky.

Question 2.
Are the stars moving?
Answer:
The stars in the sky appear to be moving. But the polestar appears as not moving. Remaining stars in the sky appear to be revolving around the pole star.

Question 3.
Do you see the same stars at night and early in the morning?
Answer:
No, we did not see the same stars at night and early in the morning. Some stars are not visible to us in the morning. As the sun shine increases we are unable to see the stars except the sun.

Question 4.
Do you see the same stars during summer and winter nights?
Answer:
We did not see the same stars during summer and winter nights. Some stars do not visible during winter nights because of snow and humidity in atmosphere.

Question 5.
What is the shape of the moon ? Why does it change ? Why doesnt the sun change its shape daily like the moon?
Answer:
The shape of the moon is round. The moon revolves around the earth. So the shape of the moon appear to be change. Hut our earth revolves around the sun. So the shape of the sun does not change.

Question 6.
Where exactly is the sun situated in the sky at noon?
Answer:
The sun situated exactly on our head at noon in the sky,

Question 7.
Why does the shadow of a tree change from morning to evening?
Answer:
Because of the rotation of the earth, the direction of the sun rays on earth changes. So the shadow of a tree also changes from morning to evening.

Think and discuss

Question 1.
Look at the nails or pegs you have fixed on the ground to keep track of the shadow of the stick throughout the day. From their positions, can you tell how the position of the sun changes in the sky from sunrise to sunset? (Text. P. No. 149)
Answer:
Yes, I can tell the position of the sun in the sky by observing the position of the shadow. If the shadow moves from west to east, that indicates that position of the sun moves from east to west.
a. If the shadow does not fall of the same spot, what could be the possible reason?
Answer:
The possible reasons are

• The position of sunrise may be changed
• Because of the clouds.

b. During a period of two weeks you had made an observation that the length of the shadow at a particular time is changing day by day. Did it become longer or shorter?
Answer:
I observe that the length of the shadow decreasing day by day.

c. By observing the length/direction of shadows, can you guess the arrival of summer or winter?
Answer:
If length of the shadow decreased, it indicates the arrival of summer. Increasing in the length of the shadow, it indicates the arrival of winter.

Question 2.
Why does the sun appear to travel towards north or south?
Answer:
The earth rotates around itself and also revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. During this revolutions half of the year it comes close to the sun and remaining halt it moves away from the sun. Because of this revolutions, the sun appears to travel towards north or south.

Question 3.
Scientists are planning to build settlements on moon and are trying to make arrangements to live there. You know that there ¡s no air on moon. How will it be possible to live on the moon then? (Text. P. No. 156)
Answer:
It is not possible to live without air. So we have to make arrangements to have air. There are two possibilities

1. Creating artificial atmosphere with the equipment taken from the earth. At present, oxygen cylinders are taken in space shuttles. The same may be adopted on the moon creating small capsules.
2. The Chandrayan -1 sent photos proving that there is ice on the moon. The ice may he converted into water. Oxygen may be separated from water to provide breathing air.

TS 8th Class Physics 11th Lesson Stars and the Solar System Activities

Activity – 1 :
Observing the changes in the length of shadow (Text. P. No. 148)

Question 1.
Observing the changes in the length of shadow.
Answer:

1. Pick a spot in the open ground where you can be sure you will have sunlight throughout the day.
2. Take a stick which is a little over a meter long and fix it vertically in the ground.
3. Ensure that exactly one meter of the stick remains above the surface of ground
4. You could even build a fence around your stick as shown in figure to keep people away from it.
5. Make your first observation at nine in the morning. Make a mark with a nail or peg at the point where the tip of the shadow falls on ground. Measure the length of the shadow.
6. Then, make similar observations for every half an hour throughout the day till four in the evening.
7. Use a clock to fix the time for making your observations. Enter the measurements of the length of the shadow and the time of measurement in a table making two columns, one for time and another for length of shadow.

Questions based on the above Activity-1

a. When did you observe the longest shadow in your activity?
Answer:
In morning and in the evening of observed the longest shadow.

b. How does the length of the shadow change with time, draw the diagrams of the stick and its shadow for different times at 9 am, 11 am, 12 noon and 4 pm.
Answer:

The length of the shadow decreases from morning to noon and increases from noon to evening.

c. If you continue your activity from sunrise to sunset, at what times do you think the shadow would be the longest?
Answer:
At the time of sunrise or sunset the shadow would be the longest.

d. Where is the sun situated in the sky at noon? Where does the shadow of stick fall at that time? Think about your own shadow will be at that time?
Answer:
The sun is situated exactly vertical to our head at noon. The shadow of the stick fall on the same stick My own shadow also on meat that noon time.

e. Do you think that your shadow will be the same on all the days at noon?
Answer:
Yes, the shadows will be same on all the days at noon ? Because local noon time of a place is constant. So shadows also same.

f. In which direction does the shortest shadow of the stick fall in your activity?
Answer:
The shortest shadow of the stick fall in the north-south direction.

Activity -2: Understanding the North-South movement of the Sun (Text. P. No. 150)

Question 1.
Conduct an activity to understand the North-South movement of the sun?
Answer:

• Fix a spot near your home from where you can observe the sunrise.
• You may have to go to the terrace of a RCC building or go to an open field for the purpose.
• Choose a tree, electric pole or some other stationar object as a reference point.
• Over the next 10 to 15 days., note the spot at which the sun rises daily, keeping in mind your reference point.

• Make a daily sketch of the rising sun as well as your reference point in your notebook during this period.
• When the sun looks like travelling towards south of the sky, it is called the dakshinayanam.
• When it looks like traveling towards north of the sky it is called the uttarayanam.

Questions based on the above Activity -2

a. Was the sun travelling towards south or north during the time you made your observations?
Answer:
I observe the movement of the sun in the month of March. I observed that the sun travelling towards north.

b. Do you think that is the reason for the change in the length of the shadow of the stick day by day In the Activity-1?
Answer:
Yes, because of the sun travelling towards the north is the reason for the change in the length of the shadow of the stick. The length of the shadow of the stick decreased day by day that indicates summer is coming.

c. Assuming that you did not have any calendar and knowledge of months and seasons, can you use movement of the sun to predict the arrival of winter or summer?
Answer:
Yes, if the sun looks like travelling towards south of the sky, it is called the dakshinayanam and then it is winter season for us.
If the sun looks like travelling towards north of the sky it is called the uttarayanam, and then it is summer season for us.

Activity – 3: Make your own sun-dial (Text. P. No. 151)

Question 1.
How do you make your own sundial?
Answer:

Aim: To make a sun dial.
Requirements: A piece of cardboard, piece of wood, and a paper.

Method of Preparation: ‘

1. A right-angled triangle ABC is cut from a sheet of cardboard.
2. In this triangle, angle A is 90°. Angle C is kept 16°, which is the latitude of the Krishna district.
3. The cardboard triangle is fixed vertically in the middle of a rectangular wooden board.
4. To make the triangle stand erect, strips of paper arc glued along both the edges of BC and the wooden board.
5. The wooden board with the triangle is placed on a level ground in an open space. which gets sunlight throughout the day.
6. The wooden hoard is so placed such that the base BC of the triangle lies in the north-south direction, with B pointing to the north.
7. At 9 in the morning (9 A.M.) a line is drawn along the shadow of side AC on the wooden board.
8. The time 9 AM. marked along the side of the line.
9. Lines of the shadow of side AC are drawn at intervals of one- hour. through the day till sunset. The time is marked for each line drawn.
10. Now the sundial is ready.

Questions based on the above ActIvity – 3

a. Have you ever observed the movement of moon in the sky?
Answer:
Yes, I have observed the movement of moon in the sky.

b. Does the moon appear at same point at a particular time every day?
Answer:
No, the moon does not appear at some point at a particular time everyday.

c. Is the shape of the moon same on every day?
Answer:
No, the shape and position of moon appears to be change on every day.

Activity – 4: Observing phases of the moon : (Text. P. No. 152)

Question 4.
Describe an activity for observing phases of the moon.
Answer:
Activity:

1. Note the date of the day alter new moon day (Amavasya). when the moon first appears in the sky.
2. Note the time at night on that date, when the moon sets.
3. In the same way ever day locate the moon in the sky at the time of sunset.
4. Record the dato and time of the moon set and draw the picture of the moon as you see on that day in your note book, (see figure)
5. Continue making observations for as many nights as possible.
6. Observe the moon few days before full moon da (Pournami) to a lewdays, after full moon das’.
7. Locate the position of moon in the sky at the time of sunset before Pournami. Note the time and position of moon in the sky at that time.
8. Draw pictures of the shape of the moon on each of these days.
9. From these shapes, dates and times, we can know information about the phases of moon and the moon.

Questions based on the above Activity -4

a. Can you calculate the number of hours between two moon rises or two moon settings?
Answer:
It takes 24 hours time in between two successive moon risings or two successive moon settings.

b. How many hours lapse between one sunrise to the next or one sunset to the next?
Answer:
The time lap between successive sunrises or successive sunsets is 24 hours.

c. Is the time period same for sun and moon every day?
Answer:
Yes, the time period is same for sun and moon every day for completing a cycle in the sky.

d. Does the moon appear at the sanie point every day during the time of sunset?
Answer:
No, the moon does not appear of the same point every day during the time of sunset.

e. What is the shape of the moon? Is it the same every day?
Answer:
The shape of the moon changes night after night. These changes in its appearance are called the phases of the moon.

f. Why the shape of the moon changes every night?
Answer:
The time period taken 1w the sun to complete one cycle in the sky is about 24 hours (I day). But moon takes about 50 minutes more than a day to complete the cycle. It results for the phases of the moon.

Activity- 5: A Moon-shaped lemon (Text. P. No. 153)

Question 5.
Observing the shape formed by Sunlight on a moon.
Answer:

1. Perform this activity on a day, one week after the new moon day, when the moon is visible in the sky during the daytime.
2. Take a yellow lemon or a white-washed clay ball. Pivot it firmly on a long needle.
3. Stand in the sunshine and hold it up towards the moon.
4. Observe the shape formed by the sunlight on the surface of the lemon. It can be observed that the shape formed on the lemon is similar to the shape of the moon.

Questions based on the above Activity- 5

a. Is there some similarities between the shape formed and the shape of the moon?
Answer:
Yes, the shape formed on th lemon by falling of sunlight is as the shape of the moon in the sky.

Activity – 6:
Why does the shape of the moon change? (Text. P. No. 154)

Question 6.
Why does the shape of the moon change? Explain with an activity.
Answer:

1. Wrap a ball tightly with a white handkerchief or with a piece of white cloth. Assume this is the moon.
2. Hold this ball in front ut your eves in bright sunshine and turn around yourself slowly.
3. Observe how the shape of the illuminated part of the ball changes.
4. The sunravs falling on the moon illuminate half its surface in all the positions.
5. However, we cannot see the entire illuminated surface from the earth in all the positions.
6. In sorne cases we see the entire illuminated surface while in others we see only part of it.
7. In one particular positiún, we cannot see the illuminated surface at all.
8. The shape of the moon we see is the shape of the illuminated portion visible to us.
9. The day of the new moon is called day 0 or day 28 (position 1). In this position. the illuminated surface is not visible from earth, so the moon cannot be seen from earth.
10. Four days later, when the moon is in position 2. a small part of its illuminated surface is visible from earth. On day-7, the moon is in position 3,so more of its illuminated part is visible from earth.
11. After fourteen days (at position 5) the entire illuminated surface of the moon is visible from earth. This is the day of the full moon.
12. Subsequently, the moon appears smaller with each day as it passes through positions 6 (day-18), 7(day-21) and 8(day- 25). After 28 days, the moon is once again in position 1.

Questions based on the above Activity – 6

a. How are the sun and moon situated relative to earth on a new moon day and on a full moon day?
Answer:

1. On a new moon day. the sun and moon are on the same side of the earth. Then we do not see the moon, since its dark face is towards the earth.
2. On a full moon day, the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the earth. Then we can see the bright face, which is towards the earth. Revolution of the moon around the earth and phases of moon.

b. How is the surface of the moon?
Answer:
1. Moon is covered with dark dust. It is a barren land.
2. There are many craters of different sizes.
3. It has a large number of steep and high mountains.
4. Moon has no atmosphere like that on the earth.

c. Will we be able to hear any sound If we were on the moon, why?
Answer:
No. sound requires a medium to traveL Since there is no air on the moon, sound cannot travel in that space.

d. Can life exist on moon? Why?
Answer:
For life to exist, water and air are needed. These are not present on the moon. So life cannot exist on the moon.

Activity- 7: Observing the movement of constellations (Stars) (Text P. No. 159)

Question 7.
Explain an activity to observe the movement of constellations (stars).
Answer:

Yes. The stars appear to move from east to vest. This is because the earth rotates from west to east. A star which rises in the east in the evening, sets in the west in the early morning.

Activity to show that the stars revolve around the polestar. The polestar does not appear to move, since it is situated in the direction of the earth’s axis of rotation.

1. Take a 20 cm x 20 cm square sheet of paper and make a 1 cm diameter hole in its centre.
2. Mark a cross (X) on one side of the sheet of paper as shown in figure.
3. Hold the seet in front of your eves with the ‘x’ mark at the bottom. ,
4. Look at the polestar through the hole of the paper.
5. Holding the paper steadily, write G for Great Bear and ‘C’ for Cassiopeia on the paper in the directions in which you see each of the constellations.
6. Simultaneously mark the time of observation in both the cases.
7. Choose a nearby tree as a reference point and draw its picture on the sheet, clearly indicating its location.
8. Repeat your observations at one-hour intervals. Note G and C in the directions of these stars noting the time also.
9. Repeat this activity at least four times.
10. From this activity, you can know that the stars do not remain the constant positions. They revolve around the pole star.

Questions based on the above Activity – 7

a. Do the positions of the stars change with time?
Answer:
Yes. There is change ih the positions of stars with time.

b. Does the position of the pole star also change with time?
Answer:
No. There is no change in the position of pole star.

c. Does the shape of the great bear and Cassiopeia change with time or does the position of the entire constellations in the sky change?
Answer:
Yes, The shape of the great bear and Cassiopeia changes with time. The position of the entire constellation also changes.

d. What kind of path do these constellations trace in the sky?
Answer:
If seems the constellations move in a circular orbit.

Activity -8:
Why does the oo4e star appear fenced at one point? (Text. P. No. 160)

Question 8.
Describe an activity to show that the star, situated in the direction of the earths axis does not appear to move.
Answer:
Activity:

1. Take an umbrella and open it.
2. Make about 10-15 stars out of white paper .
3. Paste one star at the position of the central rod.
4. Paste other stars at different places on the cloth. near the end of each spoke. .
5. Now rotate the umbrella, holding its central rod in your hand.
6. The star pasted at the position of the centrai rod does not appear to move. The remaining stars move, It shows thai the star loafed in the dirtion of the earth’s axis does not appear to move, though the other stars appear moving, due to the rotation of the earth.
   

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3C The Garden Within (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3C The Garden Within (Poem)

There is a garden
in my heart
where beauty grows
in fits and starts.

Where smiles are petals
from the flowers
bestowed by others
from their bowers

Nutritious hope
reaps seeds to feed
my spirit
for its every need

With gratitude
I’ll reach my goal
To touch the island
of my soul.

Questions And Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
Human beings should be broadminded. They should have purity of thought to live in peace and harmony.

Question 2.
What features of the garden in the poet’s heart are mentioned in stanza 1 ?
Answer:
The features of beauty and smiling are mentioned in the first stanza.
The garden is full of beautiful flowers with petals of smiles.

Question 3.
What is the mood of the poet? Put a tick (✓) mark.
a. sad
b. hopeful
c. thankful
Answer:
(b) hopeful

Question 4.
Explain the word ‘gratitude’ in the poem.
Answer:
‘Gratitude’ means ‘the feeling of being grateful’. Here the garden symbolises colourful and happy thoughts, and good and peaceful life. This garden with such qualities is in his heart. He is grateful for having such a garden in his heart. His soul is his attitude. Attitude is everything. He wants to be grateful to his soul.

Observe the following sentences.

1. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars.

In this sentence “flowers are compared to stars” such comparison using ‘like’ and ‘as’ is called ‘simile’.
a He roared like a lion.
b. Her face is as white as snow.

2. Life is a journey. Enjoy the ride.

In the above sentence the word ‘journey’ is used to describe/compare the word ‘life’. Such words are called ‘metaphors’. They are used to show that two things have the same qualities. They make the description more powerful.
e.g. a. Rudramadevi was a lioness in battle.
b. Her home was a prison.

3. Spring has forgotten his garden.

Here, though ‘spring’ is a season, it is represented as a human being and given the qualities of forgetting etc. Such usage in literature is called ‘personification’.
e.g.: a. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.
b The snow coveredup the grass with her great white cloak.

Profect Work:

Collect a few story books and Fill in the table with details and present it before the class.
Answer:

Self Assessment:

How well have I understood this unit?

Read and tick (✓) in the appropriate box.

The Garden Within (Poem) Summary in English

The poet Celia Berrell has tried to bring the comparison between human heart and a garden. The garden is a beautiful place where there are green plants and colourful flowers. The flowers are bright and beautiful when they have colourful and attractive petals. The garden gives us happiness and joy with its beauty. Similarly human beings can spread happiness with their smile. When we are smiling the others derive pleasure from it. So, just like a flower gives joy, a smile makes the others feel happy. The humans should keep smiling to forget our sorrows.

The human being should have purity of thoughts and hopes about their future. They should be optimistic about their future. Then they will be cheerful at their heart. Hope will satisfy the needs of the spirit. The poet compared human soul to an island which is full of hope, joy and peace. He is confident that he will reach the island of his soul.

Glossary:

in fits and starts (idiom) : in a sudden and irregular manner
bowers (n) : a pleasant place ¡n the shade of tree
bestowed (v) : gave, showed respect
nutritious (adj) : good
reaps (v) : gives
gratitude (n) : thankfulness
petal (n) : a delicate coloured part of a flower
spirit (n) : inner, feelings or mood
goal (n) : something that you hope to achieve

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 (One-act Play) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 (One-act Play)

Comprehension:

Part -1:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the major characters in the play?
Answer:
Old Giant, the Giant and children, are the major characters. Old Giant and the Giant are the same. The other characters are the Snow and the Frost, the North Wind, the Spring, the Hail and the Autumn.

Question 2.
Why do you think children have been named as ‘tall girl’, ’round boy’, ‘square girl, etc.?
Answer:
The selfish Giant heard the children talking outside the garden. Since the Giant does not know the names of the children he has called them ‘tall girl’ ‘round boy’, and ‘square girl’ etc.

Question 3.
How can you say that The Giant is selfish?
Answer:
The Giant does not want to share his happiness with anybody. Every time he says “My” garden. He wanted to enjoy his garden all alone. That is why the Giant is called selfish.

Question 4.
Who were with the Giant ? What did their names suggest ?
Answer:
The North Wind, the Hail, the Frost and the Snow were with the Giant. Their names suggested that the winter stayed for long in the Giant’s garden and there prevailed an unpleasant and uncomfortable weather.

Part – II:

l. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How is the ‘child’ different from other children?
Answer:
This child is not an ordinary child. He is an angel who came from heaven. He changed the attitude of the Giant. He took him to heaven.

Question 2.
How does the narrator explain the idea of spring time? Pick out some expressions.
Answer:
Spring is described as a symbol of happiness and beauty. It is attributed some human qualities. In other words Spring is personified.

Expressions used to explain the idea of spring time :

1. A delicious smell
2. Covered with blossoms
3. The flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing.
4. The birds were flying about and twittering with delight.

Question 3.
What are the figurative expressions used in the play? List them and mention their significance.
Answer:
The following are the most important figurative expressions used in the play.
(a) Then the Spring came, (personification)
(b) The trees forgot to blossom, (personification) .
(c) The now covered up the grass with her great white cloak and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them, (personification)
(d) We must ask the Hail to come on a visit, (personification) .
(e) He (Hail) was dressed in grey, (personification)
(f) His breath was like ice. (simile)
(g) The Autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to my garden she gave none, (personification)
(h) The Hail has stopped dancing over my head, (personification)
(i) The North Wind has ceased his roaring, (personification)
(j) The SPRING has come at last! (personification) .
(k) The flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing, (personification)
(l) The North Wind was blowing and roaring above it.
(m) It bent its branches down as low as it could, (simile)
(n) With them came the Spring, (personification)
(o) The children were the most beautiful flowers of all. (metaphor)

The above expressions can make us look at the world differently; they can. ;qhtenour senses. They compare two things in such a way that we find the comparison interesting v even a bit surprising.

These expressions go beyond the actual meanings of words, then the reader gains new insights into the objects or subjects in the work.

Regardless of the category, figurative language helps us feel like we are having the same experience as the author.

Useful Information on Figurative Expressions:

Figurative language can be found in poetry where the writing appeals to the senses. Figurative language can make you look at the world differently; it can heighten your senses.
It compares two things in such a way that you find the comparison interesting or even a bit surprising.

Figurative Language: Understanding the Concept

One of the best ways to really understand the concept of figurative language is to see it in action such as with these examples:

• Alright, the sky misses the sun at night.
• The poorest man is the richest, and the rich are poor.
• Hear the mellow wedding bells. – Edgar Allen Poe
• Out of reach, I pull out with a screech.
• I move fast like a cheetah on the Serengeti.
• Her head was spinning from all the new information.
• The toast jumped out of the toaster.
• I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.
• The Sea lashed out in anger at the ships, unwilling to tolerate another battle.
• The Redcoats are coming!
• I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!

Categories of Figurative Language:
There are seven categories of figurative language. They are:

• Imagery
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Alliteration
• Personification
• Onomatopoeia
• Hyperbole

You are using figurative language any time you compare two things. When writing goes beyond the actual meanings of words, then the reader gains new insights into the objects or subjects in the work.
Following is an explanation of each category, with the examples of figurative language following each one.

Imagery:

Imagery is a type of figurative language that appeals to the senses. The descriptions can be about living things or inanimate objects.
A good example is from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”:
A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

He doesn’t say “many” or “a lot of” daffodils, he uses the word “host.” That means a huge number of daffodils. Later, he personifies the daffodils, and personification will be covered later on.
Another example is from “The Eagle” by Tennyson,
“He clasps the crag with crooked hands.”
The hard consonant sounds add even more to the imagery here.

Simile:

A simile compares two things using the words “like” and “as.” Examples include:

• busy as a bee
• clean as a whistle
• brave as a lion
• stand out like a sore thumb
• as easy as shooting fish in a barrel
• as dry as a bone
• as funny as a barrel of monkeys
• they fought like cats and dogs
• like watching grass grow

Metaphor:

When you use a metaphor, you make a statement that doesn’t make sense literally, like “time is a thief.” It only makes sense when the similarities between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection.
Examples include:

• the world is my oyster
• you are a couch potato
• time is money
• he has a heart of stone
• America is a melting pot
• you are rhy sunshine

Alliteration:

Alliteration is the easiest of the examples of figurative language to spot. It is a repetition of the first consonant sounds in several words. Some good examples are:

• wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for others to waken and tongue twisters like:
• Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter to make the bitter butter better.

Personification:

Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or ideas. This can really affect the way the reader imagines things. This is used in children’s books, poetry, and fictional literature. Examples include:

• opportunity knocked on the door
• the sun greeted me this morning
• the sky was full of dancing stars
• the vines wove their fingers together to form a braid
• the radio stopped singing and stared at me
• the sun played hide and seek with the clouds

Onomatopoeia:

Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like their meaning, or mimic sounds. They add a level of fun and reality to writing. Here are some examples:
♦ the burning wood hissed and crackled
♦ the words: beep, whirr, click, whoosh, swish, zap, zing, ping, clang, bong, hum, boom, munch, gobble, crunch, pow, smash, wham, quack, meow, oink, and tweet.

Hyperbole:

Hyperbole is an outrageous exaggeration that emphasizes a point, and can be ridiculous or funny. Hyperboles can be added to fiction to add color and depth to a character. Examples are:

• You snore louder than a freight train.
• It’s a slow burg. I spent a couple of weeks there one day.
• She is so dumb, she thinks Taco Bell is a Mexican phone company.
•  I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.
• You could have knocked me over with a feather.
  Regardless of the category, figurative language helps you feel like you are having the same experience as the author.

Question 4.
What is the central theme of the play?
Answer:
The central theme of the play is that real happiness and joy come from loving and sharing. As long as a person is selfish he/she cannot get true happiness. When we don’t share what we have with others, we will remain isolated.

II. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers from the choices given below.

Question 1.
Both ‘over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars’ and ‘the peach-trees broke into blossoms’ refer to ________.
a) autumn
b) spring
c) winter
Answer:
b) spring

Question 2.
The giant observed the children ________.
a) hiding in the garden
b) playing in the garden
c) dancing in the garden
Answer:
b) playing in the garden

Question 3.
The giant knew the spring had arrived from ________.
a) song of a linnet bird
b) sounds made by the children
c) blossoms in the garden
Answer:
a) song of a linnet bird

Question 4.
The little boy ________.
a) called the, giant by gesturing
b) flung hands around the neck
c) ran towards the giant
Answer:
b) flung hands around the neck

Question 5.
What a marvellous sight this is ?’ is said by ________.
a) the children
b) the little boy
c) the Giant
Answer:
c) the Giant

Vocabulary:

I. Look at the following underlined phrase taken from the text and know the meanings.

1. Peach-trees that in the spring time broke out into delicate blossom.
In the above sentence, the phrase ‘broke out’ means ‘to come out’.

A) Refer to a dictionary and find out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘break’. Use them in your own sentences.
Answer:
1. break down = become very upset
Example: She broke down after her husband died.

2. break in/into = enter a building by force
Example: The burglar broke in between midnight and 3 a.m.

3. break in = interrupt something
Example : While we were discussing the situation, Tarun broke in to give his opinion.

4. break out = start abruptly, appear suddenly
Example : Cholera has broken out in the city.

5. break through = make a way through ; overcome obstacles
Example : His will power helped him break through all obstacles. (= He succeeded in overcoming all obstacles.)

6. break up = come to an end ; disperse
Example: Shyam and Ravi broke up their friendship on a silly reason.

7. break with = quarrel with ; separate
Example : I don’t want to break with him for your sake.

8. break away – run away, get loose or escape
Example: The boy tried to break away but his mother snatched his shirt.

9. break off = stop suddenly
Example: John Bright broke off in the middle of his speech. (= He stopped suddenly.)

B) Pick out some more phrasal verbs from the play ‘The Selfish Giant’.
Answer:

1. break out
2. blow over
3. look out
4. knock down

II. Read the underlined part of the sentence taken from the text.

This is a delightful spot.
In the above sentence ‘delightful’ means ‘pleasant’, the opposite (antonym) of it is ‘gloomy’.
Pick out antonyms of the underlined words from the play and use them in your own sentences.

Question 1.
Nobody likes to be in hell.
Answer:
The little boy took the giant to the heaven.

Question 2.
You should be beware of your foe.
Answer:
A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Question 3.
It started raining cats and dogs.
Answer:
On their way home the children stopped at the theatre.

Question 4.
She uncovered her head after she came out of the temple.
Answer:
Cover your head when you go out during summer.

Question 5.
This is the nearest shop to my house.
Answer:
Which is the farthest place from your home town?

III. Look at the following sentence taken from the text.

Ex: I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
In the above sentence the underlined word indicates ‘speaking quietly’ outside the wall so that nobody else could hear.

Now match the words in column A with those in column B with similar meaning.

Column – A	Column – B
1. screaming	A. a continuous loud noise
2. whisper	B. many people squeaking at the time
3. yell	C. give a loud cry
4. roar	D. a long deep sound
5. groan	E. a long, loud, high cry
6. weep	E a loud high shout
7. shriek	G. shout loudly
8. babble	H. continuous short sounds
9. wail	I. soft quiet voice difficult to hear
10. twitter	J. cry

Answer:
1. C
2. I
3. G
4. A
5. D
6. J
7. F
8. B
9. E
10. H

IV. Choose the correct meaning for the underlined word.

Question 1.
The Giant put a notice board, trespassers will be prosecuted.
a) persons who enter the premises without permission
b) persons who forcibly enter the premises
c) persons who officially enter the premises
Answer:
a) persons who enter the premises without permission

Question 2.
The Giant was wrapped in furs and roared all day about the garden.
a) made a loud noise with anger
b) felt frustrated
c) looked pleased
Answer:
a) made a loud noise with anger

Question 3.
There are twelve peach-trees that spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms.
a) leaves
b) flowers
c) fruits
Answer:
b) flowers

Question 4.
He rattled on the roof the whole uay.
a) made a series of sounds
b) should
c) tapped
Answer:
a) made a series of sounds

Grammar:

Read the sentence taken from the text.
1. He is swimming in a pool.
2. Swimming is good for health.

In the above two sentences you notice that verbs are used with ‘-ing’. Do you notice any difference between them ?
In the first sentence the verb + ing is preceded by is. The verb is in progressive form.

In the second sentence you don’t find is, are, was or were before verb + ing. Such verbs with ‘-ing’ and without helping verbs are known as ‘Gerunds’. They are normally in the subject position or object position.

I. Identify the gerunds in the following sentences.

Question 1.
The north wind ceased roaring.
Answer:
roaring

Question 2.
The Child did not see the giant coming.
Answer:
coming

Question 3.
I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
Answer:
whispering

Question 4.
Why is the spring so late in coming?
Answer:
coming

Question 5.
Walking makes healthy and wealthy
Answer:
Walking.

Writing:

I. Read the following notice taken from the play.

TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

Write a similar one-line notice each that you may find in the following places.

Question 1.
Hospitals : ________________
Answer:
Smoking is prohibited here.

Question 2.
Banks : ________________
Answer:
Turn your mobile phones on silent mode.

Question 3.
Public places : ________________
Answer:
Liquor consumption is prohibited here.

Question 4.
Schools : ________________
Answer:
Vehicle parking is restricted.

Question 5.
At home : ________________
Answer:
Please use the calling bell.

Listening:

Listen to a description and answer the following questions.

Lal Bagh

Dear Students, now we are in Led Bagh Garden, Bengaluru. It means “The Red Garden” in English. It is one of the famous gardens in India. It is located to the South of the city centre and Bengaluru’s main attraction.

Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore commissioned the building of the garden in 1760. His son Tipu Sultan completed it by importing trees and plants from several countries. The garden has over 1,000 species of flora. The garden is spread over 240 acres. The Glass House is the main attraction in this garden, modeled on London’s Crystal Palace.

Look there, you can see a 300 year old “Christmas Tree”. There are many such old trees we can find in the garden. Children, look there, you can find the scientific name tag to each tree.

Now we are moving towards the Rose Garden, which is another highlight of Lai Bagh. It has almost all the species of roses available worldwide.

Now we are at the giant Electronic Quartz Flower clock built by HMT. In this garden flower shows are conducted every year to educate people about different flora and help cultivate the habit of growing plants among the public.

Question 1.
Where is the garden located?
Answer:
The garden is located to south of the Bengaluru city centre.

Question 2.
What is so special about it?
Answer:
Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore commissioned the building of the garden in 1760. His son Tipu Sultan completed it by importing trees and plants from several countries.

Oral Activity:

Question.
Talk about any garden you have visited.
Answer:

Brindavan Gardens

The garden I have visited recently is Brindavan Garden. Brindavan Garden is one of the most beautiful terrace gardens in the world. It is located in the Krishnaraja Sagar Dam site in Srirangapatnam Taluk of Mandya District in Karnataka State. It was developed by Sir Mirza Ismail, the Dewan of the princely state of Mysore. It is 143 km. away from Bengaluru city. It extends over an area of sixty acres.

The slopes of the garden are planted with colourful Bougainvilleas and ornamental plants. This garden is a public park and it is one of the important tourist spots of India. The garden is enriched with innumerable fountains decorated with colourful lighting. The illuminated running waters and fountains with changing colours of lights is a feast to the eyes of the visitors in the evenings. The garden has many open spaces, lawns, illuminated flower beds and ornamental plants. It also has well laid out roads and pathways. The Brindavan Garden is the best-illuminated terrace garden in our country. The boating pond in the midst of the garden is a location for the visitors to enjoy a boat ride. When the whole garden is illuminated, it is an enchanting sight.

There is a musical and dancing fountain which is the main attraction of the visitors. The children’s park which is located beside the South Brindavan is a place of joy for children. There are slides, concrete animals, birds and aquatic species.

There are many ornamental trees in the North Brindavan gardens. There are Arches of Bougainvilleas and Bignonia venusta over the pathways on either side of the garden. Shrubs of Bougainvillea, Allamanda, Bignonia magnifica, Homskloidia sanguina are found on the slopes of the terraces.

It becomes a memorable experience for anyone who visits the place.

Study Skills:

Read the play ‘The Selfish Giant’ once again and summarize it.
Remember to follow the points given below.
1. Identify the main and subordinate ideas, section wise / part wise.
2. Separate the main idea from the subordinate ideas.
3. Identify the words, / phrases which carry ideas.
4. Link your ideas properly with appropriate linkers.
5. Use the words / phrases that express the essence of the text.
6. Present the ideas briefly.
Answer:

Summary

Once there was a Giant. He was very selfish. He had a large lovely garden with soft green grass. There were beautiful flowers over the grass like stars. There were peach-trees with delicate blossoms of pink and pearl in spring time. They bore rich fruit in the autumn. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. The children used to go to the Giant’s garden and played every afternoon.

One day the Giant came back from his visit to his friend the Cornish ogre. When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden. He became angry and shouted at them. He built high wall around the garden. He put up a notice board “TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED”. He did not allow anybody to play in the garden.

The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road but it was very dusty and full of hard stones. So they used to wander round the high wall and talk about the beautiful garden.

The spring came all over the country. There were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not come to sing in it as there were no children. There was snow, frost, north winds, and hails in the garden of the selfish Giant. He sat at the window and looked out sadly at his cold white garden. He hoped that there would be a change in the weather.

One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It was the singing of a little linnet. He saw the children sitting under the branch of a tree. They had entered through a small hole in the wall. The spring arrived in the garden at last to express its happiness on seeing the children again. The trees were glad and started blooming. The birds began to sing.

He saw a little boy who was struggling to get to the top of the tree in the farthest comer of the garden. The Giant helped him reach the top of the tree. The Giant realised that he had been selfish and was very sorry for what he had done. He allowed the children to play in the garden every day. The little boy stretched out his two arms and flung them round his neck and’ kissed him.

Every afternoon the children came and played in the garden. The children were very happy. But the little boy stopped coming to the garden and the giant was very sad.

Many years passed and the Giant grew old and weak. One winter morning, the Giant saw the same boy under a tree. He ran down to the boy in joy. The little boy was an ar.cei who had come to take the Giant to the garden of Paradise as a reward for letting him play in his garden.

The Selfish Giant (Part-II) Summary in English

One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It was the singing of a little linnet. He saw the children sitting under the branch of a tree. They had entered through a small hole in the wall. The spring arrived in the garden at last to express its happiness on seeing the children again. The trees were glad and started blooming. The birds began to sing.

He saw a little boy who was struggling to get to the top of the tree in the farthest corner of the garden. The Giant helped him reach the top of the tree. The Giant realised that he had been selfish and was very sorry for what he had done. He allowed the children to play in the garden every day. The little boy stretched out his two arms and flung them round his neck and kissed him.

Every afternoon the children came and played in the garden. The children were very happy. But the little boy stopped coming to the garden and the giant was very sad.

Many years passed and the Giant grew old and weak. One winter morning, the Giant saw the same boy under a tree. He ran down to the boy in joy. The little boy was an angel who had come to take the Giant to the garden of Paradise as a reward for letting him play in his garden.

Glossary:

linnet bird (n) : a small brown and grey bird
hail (n) : small balls of ice that fall like rain
cease (v) : stop happening
twittering (v) : making a series of short high sounds
sneeze (v) : suddenly expel air from the nose and mouth due to irritation in one’s nostrils
feeble (adj) : lacking strength
hath (v) : has (old usage)
thee (pro) : you (old usage)
slay (v) : kill
art (v) : are
thou (pro) : you (as the singular subject of a verb)

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1 (One-act Play) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 3A The Selfish Giant Part 1 (One-act Play)

PRE-READING (Motivation/Picture Interaction):

Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What do you notice in the picture ?
Answer:
I observe a little girl and an old man in the picture. The girl is trying to satisfy the hunger of the old man. I notice gladness in the girl’s face and eagerness to eat in the old man’s face.

Question 2.
What would be the feelings of the man in the picture?
Answer:
The man would be thankful to the girl. He would feel happy as he is satisfied with the food given by the girl. He would bless the girl to live long. He would be amazed by the humane nature of the girl.

Question 3.
Have you ever seen such incidents ? What’s your opinion on them?
Answer:
I myself am a witness to such an incident. Once I went to a temple. I saw an old beggar who was going to be fainted. I understood his condition and I gave my food packet and water to him, when I made him to eat and drink he became a little bit active. According to me, many of the old beggars are the people who are ill-treated by their children. As they don’t have energy to work, they are becoming beggars.

ORAL DISCOURSE:

Question.
Narrate an incident you have witnessed where people helped others.
Answer:
Last Sunday, I witnessed an incident in which an elderly woman was helped by our neighbours. It was about 9 a.m. and 1 was returning home from the stadium. When I turned right from the main line to enter into our street, I found an old woman lying on the floor in the corner. She was very thirsty and was asking for water. Mr. Rao, our neighbour saw the old woman and offered her cool water. It seemed that she had not taken food for a few days.

She was not known to anyone in that street. So, Mr. Rao took pity on her and took her home. He offered some fruits to her. She eagerly ate all the fruits within a few minutes. How hungry she was ! Later she told that she was a resident of our neighbouring village. She had lost her husband five years ago. She has two sons and both of them are selfish. They grabbed her gold, money and other assets and threw her away. What a pity ! Mr. Rao comforted her that he would offer her shelter, food and clothing. Everyone appreciated him for his act of charity.

The Selfish Giant (Part – I) Summary in English

Once there was a Giant. He was very selfish. He had a large lovely garden with soft green grass. There were beautiful flowers over the grass like stars. There were peach-trees with delicate blossoms of pink and pearl in spring time. They bore rich fruit in the autumn. The birds sat on the trees and sana so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. The children usee .o go to the Giant’s garden and played every afternoon.

One day the Giant came back from his visit to his friend the Cornish ogre. When he arrived, he saw the children playing in the garden. He became angry and shouted at them. He built a high wall around the garden. He put up a notice board, “TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED’’. He did not allow anybody to play in the garden.

The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road but it was very dusty and full of hard stones. So they used to wander round the high wall and talk about the beautiful garden.

The spring came all over the country. There were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not come to sing in it as there were no children. There was snow, frost, north winds and hails in the garden of the selfish Giant. He sat at the window and looked out sadly at his cold white garden. He hoped that there would be a change in the weather.

About the Author:

Oscar Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London’s most popular play wrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams and plays. Oscar Wilde is best known for the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest. The Happy Prince and Other Tales, a collection of children’s stories.

Glossary:

peach trees (n) : trees bearing round fruit with soft red and yellow skin
spring time (n) : the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow
delicate blossoms (n.phr) : tender flowers
ogre (n) (in stories) : a cruel and frightening giant who eats people
castle (n) : : large, strong building with strong and thick walls
trespassers (n) : persons who go into land without permission
whispering (v) : speaking quietly
scatter (v) : disperse ; spread over
cloak (n) : a type of coat that has no sleeves
wrapped (v) : covered or dressed
rejoiced (v) : expressed great happiness
chimney-pot (n) : a short, wide pipe placed on top of a chimney
delightful (adj) : very pleasant, charming

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 2C Reaching the Unreached Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 2C Reaching the Unreached

Questions and Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the following table based on the above article.

Answer:

Name of the child	Age	Nature of work for which engaged
1. Romesh	14	Rag picking
2. Shanti	Household	chores

 

Question 2.
Who rescued the two children? Where did they take them to?
Answer:
Romesh was rescued by The Child Line’. He was taken to Andhra Pradesh State based project for the Elimination of Child Labour. Shanti was rescued by ‘the Child Labour Enforcement Team’. She was taken to a Girls’ Transit Home.

Question 3.
Many households in your neighbourhood employ children to do the menial jobs. What will you do to save those children?
Answer:
I will inform ‘The Child Line’ or ‘The Child Labour Enforcement Team’ or ‘Child Rights and You Organisation’ or ‘SOS Organisation’ about the children who are employed in households as child labour with the help of my friends. I also complain about it in the police station.

Question 4.
What is the role of CRY?
Answer:
Child Rights and You (CRY) is an organisation which believes that children are citizens and they have their rights. This organisation gathers support and money from Indians around the world and help the struggled children. It freed many children from hunger, prevented child marriages and joined many children in schools.

Question 5.
Three organisations are working to save the destitute. What are they?
Answer:
Child Rights and You (CRY), Save our Soul (SOS) and Childline are the three organisations working to save the destitute.

Question 6.
How does SOS work?
Answer:
SOS is an organisation that provides family-based care for children in India. It believes that every child should grow up in a strong family environment. It is the only organisation of global impact that provides direct care to children who can no longer stay with their families. It aims to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them.

Study Skills:

Read the following passage extracted from the story ‘Oliver Asks for More’ and the notes made on it.

The members of this board were very wise and philosophical. As they turned their attention to the workhouse, they discovered that it was a regular place of public entertainment for the poorer classes. It was the place where they had breakfast, dinner, tea, and supper all the year round and free; where it was all play and no work.

This was really a shocking state of affairs, they were of the opinion that the poor should be given only two alternatives, to starve either quickly outside the workhouse, or gradually inside the house, view, they decided that the inmates of the workhouse would be issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week.

For the first six months after Oliver Twist was moved in, the system was in full operation. As a result, during this period, the number of workhouse inmates got smaller, and the inmates themselves shrank in size and became thinner.

Observe the notes made from the above passage.
Title : Orphanage

1. The board
a. very wise and philosophical men
b. their attention to the workhouse
c. was a regular place of public entertainment
i. had breakfast, dinner, tea and supper
ii. all play and no work

2. The decision
a. to starve quickly outside the workhouse
b. gradually inside the house
i. issued three meals of thin gruel
ii. an onion twice a week

3. Result of the decision
a. the inmates of the work house got smaller
b. shrank in size
c. became thinner

Now, read the passage Child Rights and You (CRY) once again and make notes with another suitable title.

Child Rights and You (CRY) is an organization that believes that children are citizens and they have their own rights. At CRY, they do not believe in charity. Nor do they run schools or orphanages. Instead, they partner some basic level organizations working for children, their parents and communities. CRY’s role is that of a bridge between child developmental organizations and people working for marginalized children. They gather the support, money and time of the Indians around the world and thousands of field workers across India who struggle to enrich the lives of children. CRY has freed more than 1 lakh children from hunger, exploitation and illiteracy in more than 13000 villages and slums. The organization has successfully prevented child labour in 648 villages across the nation and liberated 1152 villages from child marriages. It also has 21,676 out of school children in its account who have now joined schools. These children are into their childhood with all due opportunities of life.
Answer:
1. CRY believes:

• Children are citizens.
• Children have rights.

2. CRY functions:

• It partners organizations working for children
• bridges between organizations and people
• gathers support and money

3. CRY achievements:

• freed 1 lakh children from hunger
• prevented child labour in 648 villages
• liberated 1152 villages from child marriages
• joined 21,676 children in schools.

Listening:

Listen to the song your teacher sings.

Homeless Child
No mother no father
neither shoes nor a bed.
He lives in a street
on pavements of a road.
He is just ten
looks pale and thin.
He has so small a dinner
sometimes, he dines on the smell.
And even if he is starving to death
nobody comes to feed him.
As the sun rises and rays shoot him,
he is exposed to child labour.
Tears start rolling down his cheeks
there is nobody to comfort him.
And even if he is dead
There is nobody to worry about him.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the song about ?
Answer:
The song is about homeless children and their miserable life.

Question 2.
Where does the child live ?
Answer:
He lives in a street on pavements of a road.

Question 3.
How old is the child in the poem?
Answer:
He is ten years old.

Project Work:

In your village/city you may come across children who are working in some households, factories, shops, hotels and construction sites for daily wages. Collect the following information about one child. Make a brief profile of the child you have met and present it in the class.

Work in groups and analyze the data by using the following questions and present it before your class.
1. Why do children take up jobs?
2. How poorly are they paid?
3. How many are willing to leave the work and join school?
Answer:

Step – 1 (Collection of Data):

Profile:

Age : 13
Gender (M/F) : Male
Nature of work he/she is engaged in : Construction Work
Wages : 100/- per day
No. of working hours : 10 hours
Why did he/she take up the work? : Poverty
Has he/she ever gone to school? : yes
At what level did he/she drop out? : After completion of class – IV
Is he/she willing to join school? : Yes

Step – 2 (Presentation of Data after Consolidation)

This is a brief summary of our data on Child Labour. We met a boy of 13 years old. He came to Hyderabad city from a village. Now he is a labourer in construction work. His poverty forced him to join the construction work. He completed his 4th class in school. His parents are very poor. So they took the boy out of school and he joined a group of construction workers. He works 10 hours per day and receives an amount of 100/- only. He wants to join a school if anybody helps him.

Self Assessment:

How well have I understood this unit?

Read and tick (✓) in the appropriate box.

Reaching the Unreached Summary in English

Romesh, a fourteen year old boy from Bihar, left his family and came to Hyderabad. As it became difficult to get a job, he joined a group of rag pickers. Luckily he got a helping hand from The Child Line’ and got benefit under a project for the Elimination of Child Labour.

Shanti, a nine year old girl, was taken out of school by her parents and sent to Hyderabad to work in a middle-class home. She suffered all day long with heavy work. The owners locked her up in a tiny room when they went out. The neighbours informed the ‘Child Labour Enforcement Team’ and the girl was rescued.

There are so many children like Romesh and Shanti in our society. There are some organisations to work for such children.

Child Rights and You (CRY) is one such organisation. It believes that children are citizens and they have their rights. This organisation gathers support and money from Indians around the world and help the struggled children. It freed many children from hunger, prevented child marriages and joined many children in schools.

SOS is another organisation that provides family-based care for children in India. It believes that every child should grow up in a strong family environment. It is the only organisation of global impact that provides direct care to children who can no longer stay with their families. It aims to improve the overall framework conditions for children whose parents cannot take care of them.

Glossary:

widowed mother : the mother who lost her husband
paved (v) : covered with
rag picker : a person who collects waste material in streets
toiled (v) : worked hard
helping hand : assistance
rescuer (n) : a person who saved somebody from some difficult situation
beneficiary (n) : a person who gains as a result of something
elimination (n) : the act of removing something
abject (adj) : terrible and without hope
moping (v) : removing waste liquid with a waste cloth
awareness (n) : knowing something
campaign (n) : a series of planned activities for achieving a social aim
marginalised (adj) : unimportant
exploitation (n) : unfair treatment
prevented (v) : stopped
liberated (v) : set free
advocate (v) : support something publicly
advocacy (n) : public support

Telangana SCERT 8th Class English Guide Telangana State Unit 2B The Cry of Children (Poem) Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class English Guide Unit 2B The Cry of Children (Poem)

“For oh, ” say the children, “we are weary
And we cannot run or leap;
If we cared for any meadows, it were merely
To drop down in them and sleep.
Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping,
We fall upon our faces, trying to go;
And underneath our heavy eyelids drooping
The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.

For, all day, we drag our burden tiring
Through the coal – dark, underground;
Or, all day we drive the wheels of iron
In the factories, round and round.”

Questions and Answers:

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What kind of places are the children working in?
Answer:
The children are working as labourers in factories and coal mines.

Question 2.
‘The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.’ What does the phrase ‘reddest flower’ refer to ? Why does it become pale?
Answer:
The phrase ‘reddest flower’ refers to an ‘energetic, active and young child’. He looks pale because he is tired of heavy work.

Question 3.
How does the work affect the children?
Answer:
When children are engaged in work in young age as labourers, it will affect their health and career. They are tired with heavy work whereas they have to play all the time. They become weak. They will behave like machines. They are deprived of their dreams. Their childhood will be spoiled.

Question 4.
Do children enjoy their lives when engaged in work?
Answer:
No, the children do not enjoy their lives when engaged in work. Their play time is robbed of.

Question 5.
If the poem were written from the point of view of a factory owner, what kind of things would he say about children?
Answer:
The factory owners would say that they pay more than the worth their work. If children learn to work, it will help them in future. They feel there is nothing to be worried about child labour.

Question 6.
What is the poet’s attitude towards child labour? Pick out the words / expressions that reveal her attitude.
Answer:
Elizabeth Barrett Browning expresses her concern for the children who are made to work in factories and hence had to part away with their childhood and they are deprived of all those things that other children can do.

The following words / expression reveal her attitude:

1. We are weary
2. We cannot run or leap
3. Our knees tremble
4. We fall upon our faces
5. Our heavy eyelids drooping
6. All day we drive the wheels

The Cry of Children (Poem) Summary in English

Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poem entitled “The Cry of Children” was written at the time “when government investigations had exposed the exploitation of children employed in coal mines and factories.”

Elizabeth Barrett Browning reserves her sentiment for the children who are made to work in factories and hence had to part away with their childhood and they are deprived of all those things that other children can do.

Children who are engaged in child labour say that they are tired and lost all their strength. They cannot run or jump. They want to go to meadows to sleep and take rest. They say that their knees tremble and the eyelids droop as they are tired very much with work. Even the energetic children also look tired as they are carrying loads all the day in the coal mines and drive the wheels in the factories.

About the Poet:

Elizabeth Barret Browning (1806-1861) was a great poet of English language. She published a Collection of Poems, Sonnets from the Portuguese, Aurora Leigh, The Seraphim and other poems. She married Robert Browning, a famous English poet and moved to Italy. Most of her poems deal with human emotions.

Glossary:

weary (adj) : tired and lost all the strength
meadows (n) : land that is covered with grass
merely (adv) : only
sorely (adv) : in a painful manner
stopping (v) : bending
drooping (adj) : hanging downward
pale (adj) : not bright/ light in colour