Andhra Pradesh BIEAP AP Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Study Material पद्यभागः 6th Poem कपीनामुपवासः Textbook Questions and Answers, Summary.
AP Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Study Material 6th Poem कपीनामुपवासः
निबन्ध प्रश्नः Essay Questions
प्रश्न 1.
कपयः वानरकुलस्य महत्त्वं कथं वर्णितवन्तः?
How did the monkeys describe the greatness of the monkey race?
2. उपवासदीक्षितः कपयः कथं बुभुक्षापीडिताः?
How did the monkeys who took the vow of fasting become afflicted with hunger?
उत्तर:
Introduction:
The lesson कपीनामुपवासः was written by Srisailam Tatacharya, who was known as D. T. Tatacharya. He authored Kavyalankara and Mugdhanjali. In this satirical work he advises that imitating others is not good.
The greatness of the monkey race:
Once the lord of the monkeys assembled all his followers and told them that previously their forefathers became great by their valour, strength and learning. Hanuman, who crossed the ocean, torched the city of Lanka and mastered the nine grammars belonged to their race only. He asked them that by what quality the humans became superior to them.
The decision of the monkeys: Then he asked them to find out why the monkeys should not have the same authority, as the humans had. He told them that they should follow the customs or otherwise their animalhood would be well established. He suggested fasting on the day after as it was the Ekadasi day. The monkeys agreed to it.
Fasting of the monkeys on the Ekadasi day:
The next day the monkeys took bath in the river and started their fast. But who could control his natural impulses? The monkeys became restless in a moment. They yawned, shook their hands, stretched their legs and kissed the tips of their tails. Then one of them suggested that they should go to the Jambu tree so · that the next day breaking the fast would be easier. The others agreed to it and moved to the tree. As they sat under the tree in a row, one of them suggested that they should climb the tree, and all of them did so.
The juicy Jambu fruits:
The monkeys passed the minutes like aeons. As the juicy fruits fell down making sounds when the branches were moved by the wind, their mouths watered. Then one of them said that they could as well keep the ripe fruits in the bag between their chins so that there would be no need to search for fruits the next day. Agreeing to it the monkeys jumped down and started to fill their mouths with the fruits.
The poet ends the story saying that what should be done afterwards need not be told to them. .
लघुसमाधान प्रश्ना: Short Answer Questions
प्रश्न 1.
कोऽपि कपिः कथं मौनं विभेद ?
उत्तर:
जृम्भां विधाय, हस्तं व्यवधूय, पादं प्रसार्य, गात्रं परिवर्त्य, पुच्छाग्रम् आचुम्ब्य कोऽपि कपिः मौनं बिभेद|
प्रश्न 2.
वृक्षाणाम् आरोहणं कर्तुं कपयः कथं शक्ताः न भवन्ति?
उत्तर:
व्रतोपवासेन पीडिताङ्गाः सन्तः कपयः वृक्षाणाम् आरोहणं कर्तुं न शक्ताः भवन्ति।
प्रश्न 3.
कपीनां लौल्यं कथं जातम्?
उत्तर:
सशब्दं पतितानि रसवन्ति फलानि दृष्ट्वा कपीनां लौल्यं जातम्।
प्रश्न 4.
उपवासे कपिः किं कृतवान्?
उत्तर:
उपवासे कपिः जम्बूफलानि खादितवान्।
एकपदसमाधान प्रश्ना: One Word Answer Questions
प्रश्न 1.
कः लङ्कां दग्धवान्?
उत्तर:
हनुमान् लङ्कां दग्धवान्।
प्रश्न 2.
कैः प्लवङ्गमः प्रोत्साहितः?
उत्तर:
विविधाङ्गहारैः प्लवङ्गमः प्रोत्सहितः।
प्रश्न 3.
कपीनामुपवासः केन विरचितः?
उत्तर:
कपीनामुपवासः श्रीशैलं ताताचार्येण विरचितः।
प्रश्न 4.
कपिभिः कस्मिन् दिने उपवासः कृतः?
उत्तर:
कपिभिः एकादशीदिने उपवासः कृतः ।
सन्दर्भवाक्यानि Annotations
1. जज्ञे हनुमान् स च कुत्र वंशे ।
परिचयः –
एतत् वाक्यं कपीनामुपवासः इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम्। अस्य कविः श्रीशैलं ताताचार्यः।
सन्दर्भः –
कपिसार्वभौमः अन्यान् कपीन् एवं वदति।
भावः –
कस्मिन् वंशे हनुमान् जातः?
विवरणम् –
कपिसार्वभौमः वदति यत् कपयः लोकत्रये प्रसिध्दाः बभूवुः । समुद्रलङ्घकः, लङ्कादाहकः हनुमान् च कपिवंशे जातः।
2. यतः प्रकृष्येत मनुष्यवर्गः ।
परिचयः –
एतत् वाक्यं कपीनामुपवासः इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम्। अस्य कविः श्रीशैलं ताताचार्यः।
सन्दर्भः –
कपिसार्वभौमः अन्यान् कपीन् एवं वदति।
भावः –
मनुष्याः कथं प्रकर्षम् आप्नुवन्ति।
विवरणम् –
कपिसार्वभौमः वदति यत् कपयः लोकत्रये प्रसिध्दाः। बभूवुः। परन्तु केन मनुष्याः प्रकर्षम् आप्नुवन्ति।
3. उपोष्य धर्मं प्रथमं कुरुध्वम्।
परिचयः –
एतत् वाक्यं कपीनामुपवासः इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम्। अस्य कविः श्रीशैलं ताताचार्यः।
सन्दर्भः –
कपिसार्वभौमः अन्यान् कपीन् एवं वदति।
भावः –
उपवासं कृत्वा धर्मम् आचरन्तु।
विवरणम् –
कपिसार्वभौमः वदति यत् कपयः क्लेशं सहित्वा एकादश्याम् उपवासं कृत्वा धर्मम् आचरन्तु इति।
4. प्रायेण शक्ता न वयं भवेम|
परिचयः –
एतत् वाक्यं कपीनामुपवासः इति पाठ्यभागात् स्वीकृतम्। अस्य कविः श्रीशैलं ताताचार्यः।
सन्दर्भः –
सर्वे कपयः एवं वृक्षं प्रति गन्तुं निश्चितवन्तः।
भावः –
गन्तुं समर्थाः न भवेम।
विवरणम् –
व्रतोपवासेन पीडिताङ्गाः वयं प्रातः वृक्षं प्रति गन्तुं न समर्थाः भवेम इति कंपयः चिन्तितवन्तः।
विशेषतो ज्ञेयाः
कठिनशब्दार्था :
उदन्वदुल्लङ्घनलब्धवर्णः – सागरतरणप्राप्तकीर्तिः
अवराः – अधमाः
वावदूक: – वाचालः
समन्तात् – परितः
अङ्गहाराः – चेष्टाः
उत्प्लुत्य – कूर्दयित्वा
मुदा – सन्तोषेण
उपोषणम् – आहारत्यागः
कीशः – वानरः
तटिन्याः – नद्याः
क्षिपयां बभूवुः – अगमयन्
ऊरीकृत्य – अङ्गीकृत्य
द्राक् – तत्क्षणम्
जोषम् – तूष्णीम्
भस्त्रिकाः – उदरम्
जहुः – विहरणं कृतवन्तः
सन्धयः
मनुष्येषु + अधिकम् = मनुष्येष्वधिकम् – यणादेशसन्धिः
इति + ईरयित्वा = इतीरयित्वा – सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः
स्व + उत्कर्षवाचा = स्वोत्कर्षवाचा – गुणसन्धिः
तस्य + अर्हणा = तस्याहणा – सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः
गात्रे + अपि = गात्रेऽपि – पूर्वरूपसन्धिः
इति + एवम् = इत्येवम् – यणादेशसन्धिः
तथा + अस्तु = तथास्तु – सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः
सर्व + आशयम् = सर्वाशयम् – सवर्णदीर्घसन्धिः
शाखा + उपशाखासु = शाखोपशाखासु – गुणसन्धिः
पर्यायपदानि
1. कपिः – वानराः – कीशः – शाखामृगः – हरिः – प्लवगः – प्लवङ्गः
2. वृक्षः – द्रुमः – पादपः – शाखी
कपीनामुपवासः Poem Summary in English
कपीनामुपवासः Poem Introduction:
कपीनमुपवासः इत्ययं पाठ्यांशः मीमांसार्णव-मीमांसा के सरिबिरुदाङ्कितानां श्रीशैलं ताताचार्याणां काव्यसंग्रहात् उध्दृतः। श्रीताताचार्याः डि.टि. ताताचार्य इति प्रसिध्दाः। एते तंजावूर मण्डले तिरुवडिसंस्कृतकलाशालायां प्राचार्याः आसन्। संस्कृतस्य ग्रन्थलेखनविषये एते प्रसिध्दाः। तैः काव्यालङ्कारः, मुग्धाञ्जलिः इति काव्यद्वयं लिखितम्।
The lesson कपीनामुपवासः is taken from the work of Srisailam Tatacharya who had the titles of Mimamsarnava and Mimamsakesari. Sri Tatacharya was famous as D.T. Tatacharya. He was a lecturer in Sanskrit College, Tiruvadi, Tanjavur. He was famous for his works in Sanskrit. He authored two kavyas namely Kavyalankara and Mugdhanjali.
कपीनामुपवासः Poem Summary
Once upon a time, the lord of the monkeys, the best of the orators invited all his followers, and having organized a meeting of his own people said these words.
“O elders of the monkey race! You know that previously great ones belonging to our family became famous in the three worlds by their valour, strength and knowledge.
In which family was born Hanuman, who became famous by crossing the ocean, whose heroism shone by torching the city of Lanka and who was a master of the nine grammars? What is not there in us by which we become inferior to the humans? Or what is there in the humans by which the human tribe excel?”
He then continued:
“O venerable ones! Please ponder on why our race has no authority as the humans have in the duties enjoined by the scriptures. Such customs, though hidden for a long time, should now be followed by you. If the religious duty is lost, the argument that we are animals becomes well established. Fix your mind in the immoveable path of dharma, bearing the temporary suffering. Tomorrow is Ekadasi. By fasting on that day, first we can follow dharma.”
The monkeys agreed to it.
The next morning they got up, and having purified their bodies by taking bath in the river waters, and keeping the beautiful Lord Rama in their hearts, they took the vow of fasting. Later the monkeys, who kept quiet for half a moment looking at one another, became unsteady in the bodies as in their hearts. Who can change his nature?
Having yawned, shaken the hand, stretched the foot, turned the body, and kissed the tip of the tail, unable to bear the itching, at last one of the monkey broke the silence.
“O great ones! Undoubtedly, this great meritorious vow is to be followed. Moreover, it seems that the breaking of the fast tomorrow. becomes easier for us by staying at the foot of the Jambu tree”.
As he spoke according to their interest, the other monkeys accepted it happy at becoming free from the suffering of staying in a fixed posture, saying “Yes”.
“Let it be so. What wrong is there if we stay there? We may not be able to go to the trees tomorrow with our limbs afflicted by the tiresomeness of the fasting vow.”
Having thus decided, busily jumping from the bank of the river, and having reached the foot of the Jambu tree, the monkeys sat in a row.
Having seated thus, with momentarily bound upward and. sideways glances, and very quick scratching acts, somehow spent a few moments.
Then one of the monkeys who had not lost his courage addressed the king. “What harm will be caused if we sit climbing the tree?”
Having accepted that also, the monkeys who took the vow climbed the tree and sat on the well spread branches.
As they observed silence on one hand, their suffering doubled because of compulsion, and their mind wandered always towards eating, they felt as if every moment was as long as an aeon. On seeing the juicy fruits making sounds as they fell from the branches moved by the wind, with their mouths watering, their mind got disturbed.
Then one of them said:
“A little bag has been placed by the all-knowing creator between our chins. Let us fill that with good fruits today so that we will not have the worry of searching for fruits tomorrow.”
Having said “Yes”, the monkeys jumped from the branches and little branches, and moving to and from filled the cavity of their mouths with ripe and juicy fruits.
What should be done afterwards became not to be told to one another. Then going from there according to their will, the monkey snatched the quill of the poet.
कपीनामुपवासः Poem Translation in English
पाठ्यभागपरिचय :
अत्र परस्परस्पर्धया कपयः मानवानां महत्त्वं वीक्ष्य स्वस्य उन्नतत्वमपि परिगणय्य मानवा इव वयमपि उपवासव्रतं कुर्म इति एकादश्याम् उपवासः आरब्धाः। दिनावसाने एते बुभुक्षापीडिताः । क्रमशः स्वकीयं व्रतं त्यक्त्वा फलभक्षकाः आसन्। हास्यव्यङ्ग्येऽ स्मिन् इतरेषाम् अनुकरणं कदापि न करणीयम् इति उपदेशः प्रधानतया वर्णितः।
About the Lesson:
Monkeys take up fasting on Ekadasi day in order to prove their own greatness, competing with men, who are superior to them. By the end of the day, they become hungry. Slowly they abandon their vow, and eat fruits. In this comically satirical work the advice that one should not imitate others is given.
1. पुरा कदाचित् कपिसार्वभौमः
कश्चित्समाहूय जनान् स्वकीयान्।
प्रवर्त्य सम्मेलनमात्मनीनाम्
उवाच वाचे वदतां वरेण्यः ।।
Once upon a time, the lord of the monkeys, the best of the orators invited all his followers, and having organized a meeting of his own people said these words.
2. ज्ञातं हि वो वानरवंशवृध्दाः
प्राञ्चो यदस्मात्कुलजा महान्तः।
शौर्येण वीर्येण च विद्यया च
लोकत्रयेऽपि प्रथिता बभूवुः॥
O elders of the monkey race! You know that previously great ones belonging to our family became famous in the three worlds by their valour, strength and knowledge.
3. उदन्वदुल्लङ्घनलब्धवर्णो
लङ्कापुरीदाहलसत्प्रतापः।
श्रीमान् नवव्याकरणप्रवीणो
जज्ञे हनूमान् स च कुत्र वंशे ।।
In which family was born Hanuman, who became famous by crossing the ocean, whose heroism shone by torching the city of Lanka and who was a master of the nine grammars?
4. किं तावदस्मासु न विद्यते
यन्मनुष्यजातेरवरा भवेम।
किं वा मनुष्येष्वधिकं चकास्ति
यतः प्रकृष्येत मनुष्यवर्गः ||
What is not there in us by which we become inferior to the humans ? Or what is there in the humans by which the human tribe excel?
5. इतीरयित्वा गिरमर्थयुक्तां
तूष्णीं भवन् वानरवावदूकः।
वाग्मित्वदर्पोध्दतधीरमन्दं
सभा समन्तात् क्षणमालुलोके ||
Having thus spoken meaningful words, the eloquent monkey became silent, and looked for a moment slowly all around the assembly being proud of his great fluency of expression.
6. स्वोत्कर्षवाचा विकसन्मुखानां
प्लवङ्गमानां विविधाङ्गहारैः।
प्रोत्साहितोऽसौ प्लवगाधिरजः
प्रीतः पुनर्धारमुवाच वाचम् ।।
As the faces of the monkeys brightened by the words of self-praising, encouraged by their gesticulation, the pleased lord of the monkey again spoke these words bravely.
7. तदद्य मान्याः परिचिन्तयध्वं।
धर्मेषु शास्त्रैरुपदर्शितेषु।
मनुष्यवर्गस्य यथाऽधिकारस्तथा
किमस्मत्कुलजस्य न स्यात् ।।
O venerable ones! Please ponder on why our race has no authority as the humans have in the duties enjoined by the scriptures.
8. चिरप्रलीनोऽपि स सम्प्रदायो
नूनं भवद्भिः परिपालनीयः।
धर्मव्यपाये हि मृगत्ववादः
प्रवर्तितोऽस्मासु भवेन्निरूढः ।।
Such customs, though hidden for a long time, should now be followed by you. If the religious duty is lost, the argument that we are animals becomes well established.
9. तात्कालिकं क्लेशमतः सहद्भिः
निधीयतां धीः स्थिरधर्ममार्गे।
एकादशी श्वो भविता तदानीम्
उपोष्य धर्म प्रथमं कुरुध्वम् !!
Fix your mind in the immuveable path of charma, bearing the temporary suffering Tomorrow is Ekadasi. By fasting on that day, first of all follow dharma.
10. शाखामृगाणामिति चक्रवर्ती
निषिच्य कर्णेष्वमृतं कपीनाम्।
सन्तोषचिह्नर्बहुधोपलक्ष्मैः
तेषां प्रहृष्यन् विरतो बभूव॥
Thus having poured nectar in the ears of the monkeys, and delighting them as indicated by the many signs of joy, the lord of the monkeys remained.
11. कीच्कारसान्द्रां प्लुतभेददृश्यां
तस्यार्हणां प्रेममयी प्रवाचः।
कृत्वोपवासे कृतनिश्चियास्ते
मुदा ययुर्मानुषसाम्यहृष्टाः ॥
Having affectionately honoured his speech with abundance of the sounds of ‘keech’, ‘keech’ and an exhibition of a variety of jumps, the monkeys left delighted at becoming equal to the humans, firmly resolving to observe fasting.
12. अथ प्रभाते किल जागरित्वा
नदीजलस्नानपवित्रताङ्गाः।
निधाय रामं हृदि तेऽभिरामं
सङ्कल्पयामासुरुपोषणाय ||
The next morning they got up, and having purified their bodies by taking bath in the river waters, and keeping the beautiful Lord Rama in their hearts, they took the vow of fasting.
13. अथ क्षणार्धं निभृतं स्थितानां .
परस्परप्रेक्षणतत्पराणाम्।
हृदीव गात्रेऽपि बभूव लौल्यं
प्रभुः स्वभावं व्यतिवर्तितुं कः ॥
Later the monkeys, who kept quiet for half a moment looking at one another, became unsteady in the bodies as in their hearts. Who can change his nature?
14. विधाय जृम्भां व्यवधूय हस्तं
प्रसार्य पादं परिवर्त्य गात्रम्।
आचुम्ब्य पुच्छाग्रमसोढकण्डू:
अन्ते कपिः कोऽपि बिभेद मौनम् ||
Having yawned, shaken the hand, stretched the foot, turned the body, and kissed the tip of the tail, unable to bear. the itching, at last one of the monkey broke the silence.
15. असंशयं सम्प्रति पालनीयं ।
व्रतं महापुण्यमिदं महान्तः।
तथाऽपि जम्बूद्रुममूलभाजां
श्वः पारणा नः सुकरेति भाति ||
O great ones! Undoubtedly, this great meritorious vow is to be followed. Moreover, it seems that the breaking of the fast tomorrow becomes easier for us by staying at the foot of the Jambu tree.
16. इत्येवमुक्तं स्वगुणानुरूपं
कीशेन तेन प्रतिमोदमानाः।
स्थिरासनक्लेशविनाशतोषात्
कीशाः परे तुल्यमिति प्रणेदुः ||
As he spoke according to their interest, the other monkeys accepted it happy at becoming free from the suffering of staying in a fixed posture, saying “Yes”.
17. तथाऽस्तु को दोष इह स्थिताश्चेत्
व्रतोपवासश्रमपीडिताङ्गाः।
वृक्षान् प्रति प्रातरितः प्रयातुं
प्रायेण शक्ता न वयं भवेम ||
“Let it be so. What wrong is there if we stay there? We may not be able to go to the trees tomorrow with our limbs afflicted by the tiresomeness of the fasting vow.”
18. इत्थं विनिश्चित्य तटात्तटिन्याः
स्वच्छन्दमुत्प्लुत्य विचेष्टमानाः।
आसाद्य जम्बूद्रुममूलदेशम्
आबध्य पंक्तिं हरयो निषेदुः।।
Having thus decided, busily jumping from the bank of the river, and having reached the foot of the Jambu tree, the monkeys sat in a row.
19. तथा स्थितास्ते क्षणिकानुबद्वैः
उद्वीक्षणैर्विष्वगवेक्षणश्च।
कण्डूयनैश्शीघ्रतमश्च कश्चित्
क्षणान् कथञ्चित् क्षपयां बभूवुः||
Having seated thus, with momentarily bound upward and sideways glances, and very quick scratching acts, somehow spent a few moments.
20. अथोत्थितः कश्चिदलुप्तधैर्यः
कपिः कपीन्द्रान् कथयाम्बभूव।
आरुह्य वृक्षं यदि संविशेम
का नः क्षतिस्तत्र भविष्यतीति।।
Then one of the monkeys who had not lost his courage addressed the king. “What harm will be caused if we sit climbing the tree?”
21. व्रतस्य हानिर्न हि काचिदस्ति
तत्रेत्युरीकृत्य तदप्यमी द्राक्|
आरुह्य वृक्षं विततासु तस्थुः
शाखासु तस्य व्रतिनः कपीन्द्राः ||
“There will be no loss to the vow.” Thus having accepted that also, the monkeys who took the vow climbed the tree and sat on the well spread branches.
22. तत्रैकतो जोषमवस्थितानां
निर्बन्धजातद्विगुणश्रमाणाम्।
आभक्षणध्याननिरन्तराणां
क्षणः क्षणोऽदृश्यत कल्पदीर्घः ॥
As they observed silence on one hand, their suffering doubled because of compulsion, and their mind wandered always towards eating, they felt as if every moment was as long as an aeon.
23. वातेरिताभ्यो द्रुमशाखिकाभ्यः
सशब्दपातीनि रसोल्बणानि।
फलानि दृश्यानि निरीक्ष्य निर्यत्
दन्तोदकानां क्षुभितं मनोऽभूत् ||
On seeing the juicy fruits making sounds as they fell from the branches moved by the wind, with their mouths watering, their mind got disturbed.
24. फलानुपातिस्वमनोरथेषु
हीयन्त्रणान्मौनमभञ्जयत्सु।
सर्वेषु कश्चित् प्रतिलभ्य धैर्य
सर्वाशयं स्वाशयवजगाद ||
As their desires also fell following the fruits, and as they did not break their silence controlled by their fear, one of them somehow gathered courage, and expressed the desire of all as his desire.
25. प्रकल्पिता सर्वविदा विधात्रा
कपोलयोरस्ति हि भस्रिका नः।
तां पूरयेमाद्य फलैरदुष्टैः
नास्तां फलान्वेषणसङ्कटं श्वः।।
A little bag has been placed by the all-knowing creator between our chins. Let us fill that with good fruits today so that we will not have the worry of searching for fruits tomorrow.
26. तथेत्यथोत्प्लुत्य हरिप्रवीराः
शाखोपशाखासु परिभ्रमन्तः।
फलैरशुष्कैः परिपाकरम्यैः
अपूरयन्नाननकन्दराणि ||
Having said “Yes”, the monkeys jumped from the branches and little branches, and moving to and from filled the cavity of their mouths with ripe and juicy fruits.
27. ततः परं यत् करणीयमंत्र
न किञ्चिदन्योन्यनिवेद्यमासीत्।
तस्माच्चरन्तः कपयो यथेच्छं
जहुर्लिखन्तीं किल लेखिनी नः।।
What should be done afterwards became not to be told to one another. Then going from there according to their will, the monkey snatched the quill we were writing with.