TS 8th Class Social Study Material 24th Lesson Disaster Management

TS Board Telangana SCERT Class 8 Social Solutions 24th Lesson Disaster Management Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 8th Class Social 23rd Lesson Questions and Answers – Disaster Management

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Question 1.
Describe any disaster that occured in your area or that you watched on TV What measures could have been taken to reduce its impact?
(Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
I have seen an earthquake disaster on TV. AIx)ut 90 per cent of people were killed because of falling buildings, which were not earthquake resistant. It led to great loss to life and property.

Following measures should be taken to reduce the impact of earthquake.

1. To prevent an earthquake hazard from becoming a disaster, our buildings should be properly designed, incorporating the earthquake resistant design features into it.
2. Drop under any sturdy furniture, Stay away from windows, hanging plants and other heavy objects. Stay under cover till the shaking stops.
3. In rural areas move to open fields or areas.
4. If you are outdoors moving to clear area.

If you are in a stadium theatre stay inside, do not rush out. Stay in your seat and cover your head with your arms and stay calm till the shaking is over.

Question 2.
How could the disaster be prevented managed? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
1. Disasters can be categorised into two.

• Slow onset disaster: Drought, environmental degradation etc.
• Rapid onset disaster: Tsunami, earthquake, cyclone etc.
  Slow onset disasters can be prevented but it is difficult to prevent onset disasters.

Preventing/ Managing slow onset disasters:
1. Steps like careful using of water, storing water, rainwater harvesting.
2. Awareness in farmers about promotion of crops that require less water and alternative sources.
3. Awareness in people regarding conservation of environment and proper utilisation of natural resources.

Preventing/ Managing rapid onset disasters:

1. Installation of instruments/devices that detect tsunamis, earthquakes.
2. Constructing buildings that could withstand tsunamis/earthquakes.
3. Awareness in public on crisis management during rapid disasters.

Question 3.
Discuss experiences of your elders with regard to the disasters and the management and write a note. (Information skills)
Answer:
Once my father was stuck in a cyclone, l-le was at Machilipatnam. It was a great disastrous situation when the storm broke. The wind was blowing so fast, that everyone was confused. He was stuck in a house. After four hours of the storm, the wind calmed down.

Rescue teams had reached. As he was a trained NCC cadet, he also joined the rescue team. He helped people who were victimised. He took them to a relief camp. He arranged food and water. He organised his own rescue team with the help of the local boys. He informed the other NGOs and government agencies He stayed there for fifteen days. It was an unforgettable experience for him.

Question 4.
Suggest the precautions to be taken by the people to face the disasters. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
1. Disaster management is designed to face the disasters.
2. Disasters are two types.

• Natural disasters like earthquakes. cyclones, floods, droughts etc.
• Human-induced disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy.
• Rajadhani expresses train derailment, Kumbakonam school lire etc.

3. Avoiding, reducing the effects of, or recovering from impact of disasters are some of the ways, activities to face the disasters.
4. These activities are related to preparedness, mitigation. emergency response, relief and recovery.
5. Awareness about the disasters, evacuation routes in case of disasters, practising evacuation routes in advance, having disaster supplies and other necessary eatable items on hand are some ways to face the disasters.
6. Regular following of communication media like Radio, TV to know the disasters well advance is also helpful to face them.

Question 5.
Mention the effects of a drought. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Drought is basically a disaster situation caused by lack of rainfall.
Effect of Drought:
There is a sequential effect of drought:

1. Scarcity of drinking water; fall in water-table.
2. Decline in crop acreage.
3. Fall in employment in the agricultural sector due to slowing down of agricultural activity.
4. Fall in purchasing power of those engaged in agriculture.
5. Scarcity of food grains.
6. Scarcity of fodder.
7. Loss of cattle life.
8. Malnutrition, especially among children.
9. III health and spread of diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery or cholera and ophthalmia caused by starvation.
10. Distress sale and mortgage of land, jewellery and personal property.
11. Migration of people in search of employment.

Question 6.
Mention the occasions where the water is wasted and suggest the preventive measures. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:

1. Water is generally wasted when directly taking bath, cleaning utensils under water taps or showers.
2. When the heads of pump sets are stolen or got repair water goes waste.
3. Water is wasted in agriculture fields where they are directly passed through open canals instead of drip irrigation.

Preventive measures:

1. Water is to be collected is mug and buckets instead of direct using cater under taps.
2. Leakages of pump sets to be checked.
3. Water-conserving techniques like drip irrigation to be adopted in agriculture.

Question 7.
Make an album with the pictures of natural disasters (information skills)
Answer:

Intext Questions

Text Book Page No. 255

Question 1.
Do you know what tsunamis are How they are formed How they can be predicted and how you can save yourself if you are residing in any of the coastal districts? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. The term Tsunami’ has been coined from Japanese words ‘tsu meaning harbour and name’ meaning waves.
2. Tsunamis are huge waves generated by earthquakes volcanic, eruptions or underwater landslides.
3. With the use of satellite technology, it is possible to provide immediate warning of earthquakes.
4. Evacuate to a safe elevated area
5. Take your disaster supplies kit
6. If you are near the ocean and you feel the earth shake, move to higher ground.
7. The upper floors of multi-stores buildings can provide you a safe place.
8. Update yourself on emergency information.

Question 2.
Collet more information and pictures on tsunami. Discuss on it and display on the notice board. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:

1. Tsunarnies can poison tresh water and groundwater svsierus as well as soil by leaving large amount of salt behind.
2. The state at greatest risk for a Tsunami is Hawaii. It experiences about one Tsunami a ear and a damaging Tsunami every seven Years.
3. While Tsunamies have been recorded in every ocean on earth about soil. 0f all Tsunamis occur in the pacific Ring of tire.
4. Tsunami waves do not look like normal waves because they do not break and curl a normal waves do.
5. Hours before the Indian Ocean Tsunami, people reported seeing elephants and tiamingos heading tor higher ground. Dogs and Zoo animals retused to leave their shelters. After the Tsunami, vers’ few dead animals were found.

Text Book Page No. 259 & 260

Are you a water saver or spender?
Question 3.
Find whether you are a water saver or spender with the help of the following questionnaire. Check how much water you can save and whether you are a water hero or villain! (information Skills)
Answer:

Total the water you use and check your ranking:

The water usage in mv house is 326 lts that ranges between 201 -400 lts.
Hence can say – Iam ‘Water Saver”.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
You have learnt about the importance of preserving water. Prepare a poster on the proper usage of water mentioning the dos and don’ts to conserve the water from wastage. (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Water is more precious than Gold, Save every drop of water.

Do’s	Don’ts
1. Take water in a mug or bucket and use it to wash or clean your body or articles.	1. Don’t directly wash articles under-tap water which wastes more water.
2. Repair the heads of taps as and when needed.	2. Don’t waste water unnecessarily with leaking heads.
3. Construct water harvest pits in houses.	3. Don’t leave the motor run and water from tank over wells.
4. Close the taps after the need for water is completed.	4. Don’t dig bore wells indiscriminately.
5. Arrange water sensors to motors and tanks so that water is not wasted.
6. Divert the water to plants after cleaning utensils and clothes.
7. When heads of the taps in the streets are weak or lost, water goes waste. Inform to concerned authorities to repair them.
8. Install sprinklers in agricultural lands.

Also, follow the instructions given in ‘Jalambadi’ by Irrigation department.

Question 2.
How was that disaster managed? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:

1. The people living in low-lying areas went to the top floor of buildings and houses and got protected.
2. Government established rehabilitation centres and arranged clothes, toed and shelter,
3. Health camps were arranged to give first aid to victims.
4. Government constructed houses to those who lost or got d.irnaged their houses.
5. Revived electricity, roads and communications.

Question 3.
Do you suggest any precautions to the people? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
As a precaution for earthquake disasters-

1. Buildings should be constructed with an earthquake-resistant design to prevent collapse during earthquakes, thus minimising the risk of death or injury to people.
2. If you are outdoors moving to a clear area.
3. If you are indoors when an earthquake strikes stay there. Drop, cover and hold protecting your face with your arms. If unable to drop, cover and hold sit on the floor against the things that could fall.

Question 4.
Have you ever observed any disaster in your locality? Explain. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. As we are residing near Krishna River, I once observed floods. Floods occurred due to heavy rains.
2. Floods led to damage of structures, death of people and livestock caused by drowning, contamination of water,
3. Volunteers played a key role in helping people to rebuild their lives and restore normalcy, Government took relief measures and helped people in need.

Reading the Text (given), Understanding and interpretation

A) The damage caused due to a hazard increases when people are not adequately prepared to face the “disaster’. For instance, a flood is a hazard when it occurs, and if people are not prepared to flier it, it may wash away persons, homes, cattle and valuables. Then the flood becomes a disaster.”
Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions.
Name some of the natural disasters.
Answer:
Earthquakes, Cyclones, Floods, Droughts, Volcanoes and Tsunamis.

B) “Drought is basically a disaster situation caused by lack of rainfall. The deficiency in rainfall is defined as a meteorological drought. lAI hi le in a ear there May normal rainfall, there might be a wide gap separating two consecutive spells of rain resulting in crop failure which is treated as agricultural drought. Thus the quantum, as well as the distribution of rainfall, are important.”

Read the above paragraph and answer the following question.
How to cope with drought?
Answer:

1. A drought being a slow on set disaster, unlike sudden disasters.
2. It gives us ample time for preparedness, response and mitigation.
3. Monitoring and early warning enables timely action by decision-makers at all levels.

One Mark Questions

Question 1.
Expand IWMP?
Answer:
Integrated Watershed Management Programme.

Question 2.
What is slow onset disaster?
Answer:
A disaster that prevails for many days, months or even for years. Eg: Drought, pest infection.

Question 3.
What is Rapid onset disaster?
Answer:
A disaster that is triggered by an instance causes shock. Eg:- Earthquake, Cyclone.

Question 4.
Name some of the Natural disasters.
Answer:
Tsunamies, Cyclones, Volconoes and Floods.

Question 5.
Explain the term ‘Tsunami’?
Answer:
The term Tsunami has been comed from Japanese wards ‘tsu’ meaning harbour and name’ meaning waves.

Question 6.
What is the importance of Tsunarneters’?
Answer:
Tsunameters transmit warnings of buoys on the sea surface, which relay it to satellites.

Question 7.
What is drought?
Answer:
Drought is basically a disaster situation caused by lack of rainfall.

Question 8.
What is meteorological drought?
Answer:
The deficiency in rainfall is defined as meteorological drought.

Question 9.
What Is agricultural drought?
Answer:
While in a year there may be normal rainfall, there might be a wide gap separating two consecutive spells of rain resulting in crop failure which is termed as agricultural drought.

Question 10.
What is the main objective of IWMP?
Answer:
The main objective of Integrated Water shed Management Programme is to strengthen the community and enable them to plan for proper utilisation of natural resources.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Suggest one measure to reduce the Impact of damage caused by cyclones.
A) Warning before hand
B) Earthquake measurement
C) Retaining Walls
D) None of the above
Answer:
C) Retaining Walls

Question 2.
Which of the following agencies provide warning in respect of floods In India ( )
A) Meteorological Department
B) UNO
C) Central Water Commission
D) All of the above
Answer:
C) Central Water Commission

Question 3.
The scale which measures the intensity of an earthquake is ( )
A) Richter scale
B) Metric scale
C) Linear scale
D) Mercalli scale
Answer:
A) Richter scale

Question 4.
Which of the following elements are at risk for droughts ( )
A) Rainfed crops and irrigated crops
B) Areas with minimum or no alternative water source to rainfall
C) Areas subjected to drastic environmental degradation
D) All of these
Answer:
D) All of these

Question 5.
How many students were perished in the school building in an earthquake which ravaged Gujarat on January 26, 2001? ( )
A) 971
B) 20,000
C) 3,000
D) 1971
Answer:
B) 20,000

Question 6.
Which one of the following is a technique of rainwater harvesting( )
A) making springs
B) digging wells
C) digging canal
D) desilting of ponds
Answer:
C) digging canal

Question 7.
Tsunami means – ( )
A) Harbour wave
B) Wild wave
C) Both A & B
D) None of the above
Answer:
A) Harbour wave

Question 8.
In which year great Tsunami occurred in India. ( )
A) 2004
B) 2005
C) 2006
D) 2007
Answer:
A) 2004

Question 9.
Which of the following is man made disaster ( )
A) Landslide
B) Earthquake
C) Tain Accident
D) Storm surge
Answer:
C) Tain Accident

Question 10.
How much percentage of India’s land is prone to earthquakes? ( )
A) 70%
B) 12%
C) 60%
D) 8%
Answer:
C) 60%

Question 11.
What does the term ‘Disaster management’ consist of? ( )
A) Preventive and protective measures
B) Preparedness
C) Organisation of relief measures
D) All of these
Answer:
D) All of these

Question 12.
Which of the following is the component of disaster management? ( )
A) Relief and response
B) Thinking
C) Arranging boats
D) Warning
Answer:
D) Warning

Question 13.
An event of something burning and often destructive taking up toll of life and property is called …………………. . ( )
A) a terror activity
B) fire
C) flood
D) storm surge
Answer:
B) fire

Question 14.
How can students plan effectively for disaster preparedness? ( )
A) By studying the building minutely
B) By preparing a design
C) By writing books
D) By doing nothing
Answer:
A) By studying the building minutely

Question 15.
Which statement is correct from the following
i) Show on-set disaster – Environmental degradation
ii) Rapid on-set disaster – Earthquake ( )
A) (i) only
B) (ii) only
C) Both
D) None of these
Answer:
B) (ii) only