Telangana SCERT 7th Class Social Guide Pdf Telangana 7th Lesson Handicrafts and Handlooms Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS 7th Class Social 7th Lesson Questions and Answers – Handicrafts and Handlooms
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Question 1.
Do you think people earn enough money from work like basket making and weaving?
Answer:
Basketmakers and weavers do not earn sufficient income to meet their family expenditures. They sell baskets throughout the year. In two months, they may sell ₹ 5000/- worth of baskets, The cost price is 1200 excluding the transportation charges of ₹ 100 for every visit to their village. So income of their family may be ₹ 3700/- for two months which is not sufficient to meet family expenditure.
Question 2.
Prepare a list of goods which could have substituted basket. Discuss with your parents before preparing the list.
Answer:
- Leather bags
- Plastic bags
- Nylon baskets
- Woollen bags
- Cloth bags.
But palm-tree baskets, cloth bags. woolen bags arc eco- friendly.
Question 3.
Many new products have replaced handicrafts – identify them and find out where they are produced? Discuss how this (ould affect the lives of handicrafts persons.
Answer:
- Plastic and metal products are replacing handicrafts. For example, wooden handicrafts are replaced by plastic toys. Clay pots are replaced by iron and steel buckets.
- The plastic toys, iron and steel buckets and other like items are produced in large scale in big factories.
- This affects the lives of handicrafts persons. The handicrafts are costlier than mill-made products. So, handicrafts persons can not earn good profits, as their sales are less.
Question 4.
Why did Polaiahs family (a basket weaver) come to Hyderabad? Why does he have no right to vote in Hyderabad?
Answer:
Basket making is a craft work that involves the use of wild date palm leaves, cane and bamboo which are found in forests. There has been depletion of forests due to extensive exploitation for big industries. This affects the livelihoods of the people who traditionally depended on forests. This forces Polaiah to move from Andugula village to Hyderabad in search of jobs.
The Muncipal Corporation officials sometimes evict Polaiah and other basket maker families from pavements but they come back after a few days and resume their pavement life. Despite trying hard, people like Polaiah have been denied voting rights in Ilyderabad as they dont have any identity or residence to get registered in the list and obtain voter card.
Question 5.
You may find crafts persons like Polaiah producing goods other than baskets. Meet two such persons collect the following details and discuss them in the class. One sample is below.
Answer:
| Name of the craftsperson | Goods produced | One or two important raw materials used | Source of raw materials |
| 1. Polaiah | Basket | Spokes of date palm leaves | Andugula – native village |
| 2. Kondaiah | Toys | Wood | Kondapalli Forest native village |
| 3. Venkata Rao | Sarees | Silk yarn, colours, cotton thread | Pochampally and nearby villages or town |
Question 6.
Why do you think patenting Puchampally ikkat saree weaving would help weavers in Pochampally?
Answer:
- Pochampally sarees have a unique design and colour quite distinct from other silk sarees. That is why it is the first handloom saree patented in India.
- This means, no other handloom saree producers in the world can sell sarees in the name of ‘Pochampally lkkat sarees.
- Only those produced in Pochampally and its surrounding villages can be sold with this brand name.
- This help the weavers to overcome the competition from power looms and mill-made clothes.
- It helps to get more work and also more profits to the weavers.
Question 7.
Should weavers procure raw materials, weave lkkat sarees and sell them directly to the people? What are the challenges in it?
Answer:
Yes. Weavers should produce raw materials and weave lkkat sarees and try to
sell them directly to people.
Benefits:
a. As there are no middlemen, people get for less cost and in turn, the weavers get benefitted with good price for their products.
b. The weavers can know the tastes of the customers, the first-hand information directly and can make necessary changes needed to the customers.
Challenges:
a. We can not expect uniform buying all through the year. Sometimes, the stocks may remain unsold and the weavers have to face financial problems, apart from storing facilities.
b. Storing the women sarees is also a problem.
c. Lot of time is wasted in obtaining raw materials leading to delay in weaving the sarees.
Question 8.
Prepare a flow diagram depicting the organisation of production in basket-making arid handloom textile weaving.
Answer:
Basket Making
↓
Collecting the wild date palm leaves
↓
Shaving off the leaves with knife
↓
Keeping them in hot sunshine
↓
Making a basket
↓
Handloom Textile Weaving
↓
Preparing the yarn
↓
Dyeing the yarn
↓
Weaving on handloom
Question 9.
Compare the similarities and differences between basket making and ikkat saree weaving and fill in the following table.
Answer:
| Work | Raw materials used | Tools used | How goods are sold |
| Basket making | Wild date palm leaves | knives | They sell the goods directly to the customers in nearby villages and towns. |
| Handloom Weaving | Yarn, colours, dyed silk, zari | Wooden loom, small knives chitkasu, Panni, Acchu |
Through cooperative societies, middlemen and traders. |
Question 10.
List various handicrafts with locations in Telangana and prepare a chau.
Answer:
| Handicrafts | Location |
| 1. Handloom Industry | Uppada, Pochampalli, Siddipet, Cadwal. |
| 2. Toys | Nïrmall. |
| 3. Agarbathis | Hyderabad. |
| 4. Carpets and Blankets | Warangal, Ghatkesar and Sirisilla. |
| 5. Bidri Art | Hyderabad and Secunderabad and surroundings. |
| 6. Mats | Mahabubnagar |
Intext Questions
Text Book Page No. 69
Question 1.
What do you understand about raw material In the contest of basket making? Who collects them? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The raw material – wild date palm leaves are brought in bundles from the forests. Using a knife, they shave off the leaves and the spines are kept in hot sunshine to make them dry. Some tribal people like Yerukala collect the raw material from bushes around their villages.
Question 2.
What are the tools used by basket makers? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Knives are used by basket makers.
Text Book Page No. 71
Question 3.
Choose the correct option: (Information skills)
a) Forests are depleted largely because of the usage by (basket weavers / big industries)
Answer:
Industries.
b) Polaiah buys bamboo items from (a trader in M.andi / a village in Andugula)
Answer:
Village in Andugula,
Question 4.
Make a table showing expenditure for raw materials and income from the produce. (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Each bundle of date palm spines costs Rs 120. Polaiah and other basket makers usually bring 10 bundles for two months. Polaiah ‘s family makes 25 baskets from one bundle. Ten bundles of spines would give them about 250 baskets. It takes 30 minutes to make a basket. He weaves baskets from 70 and to 5 pm with some breaks for rest and eating.
Polaiah sells each basket for Rs. 20. Sometimes, customers ask for a bigger basket for family rituals. These are sold at a higher price depending on the amount of raw mu ferial used. He sells baskets throughout the year. In two months he would sell Rs. 5000 worth of baskets. The cost price is Rs. 1200 excluding the transportation charges of Rs. 100 for every visit to his village.
Answer:
| Expenditure for raw material | Income |
| Cost price: Rs. 1200/. | Total income = ₹ 5000/-. |
| Transport charges: Rs. 100/. (for a trip) | Net income = ₹ 3700/. in 2 months. |
Question 5.
Do you think people like Polaiah should be given ration card and allowed to vote in Hyderabad (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
Yes, the people like Polaiah should be given ration card because they are below poverty line. It helps to utilise the welfare programmes of Government by the poor people. Polaiah should be given a voting right to participate in the democratic process of the city.
Text Book Page No. 72
Question 6.
Look at a saree and draw any of the common designs on them in the box below.
Answer:
Student Activity:
One common design on Saree.
Text Book Page No. 76
Question 7.
List the raw materials and tools used to make ikkat sarees.
Answer:
- The raw materials used to make Ikkat sarees are silk yarn, colours and cotton thread.
- The tools used to make lkkat sarees are wooden loom, small knives, designs and special sheet of papers.
Question 8.
Why Jagathaiyya family has begun to weave for a master weaver? (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
- A large section of weavers’ families do not get sufficient work from cooperative societies.
- The master weavers procure all the raw materials and supply to weavers and collect the woven cloth.
- They pay a stipulated amount as wages for the weaving work.
- Many master weavers provide loans to weavers to set up loom, buy other tools.
- The cooperative societies failed to provide all these things.
- So, Jagathaiyya family has begun to weave for a master weaver.
Additional Questions
Question 1.
Describe the conditions in urban slum area where Polaiah lives.
Answer:
- Polalah lives in a slum which does not have proper drainage, emitting foul smell and breeding mosquitoes and flies.
- There is no electric connection and drinking water facilities.
- Polaiah’s hut is made of bamboo, mats and recycled plastic bags and tarpaulin.
- During rainy season, often their roofs leak and water enter into the huts.
Question 2.
What is unique of Pochampally saree that got the first handloom saree patent in India?
Answer:
- The weavers in Pochampally produce unique sarees called lkkat rarees.
- lkkat is a term used for the particular style in which cloth is dyed, often referred to Bandhini itself
- They are high-quality silk sarees containing simple geometrical designs and available mostly in three colours and shades.
- They are quite distinctive from other silk sarees. That’s why It is the first time handloom saree was patented in India.
Question 3.
Describe the stages of weaving saree.
Answer:
a) Preparing the yarn: Silk yarn is wound on a bobbin. These yarns are then marked with the design. These markings of the designs help them to identify what colours need to be dyed into which part of the yarn.
b) Dyeing yarn: For dyeing, the silk yarn is taken off, but when dry, it is again stretched, partly opened and tied again for dyeing, a process repeated several times. For making sarees in different colours and shades, different methods of dyeing are followed.
c) Warp and Weft: Warp is the yarn that goes from top to bottom and wefts are tile yarns that go from left to right. Warp and welt are processes in weaving.
Question 4.
What are the problems faced by the handloom weavers?
Answer:
- They face a stiff competition from power loom and mill-made cloth.
- Their buyers are spread all over the world and they do not have any direct contact with them.
- Fashions in the cities change fast and it is difficult for the weavers to know what kind of fashions are in demand.
- It is not easy for weavers to buy good quality raw materials like cotton or silk yarn as these are produced in faraway cities.
Question 5.
What are the functions of cooperative societies of weavers?
Answer:
The functions of cooperative societies:
- To help the weavers in buying raw materials at low price.
- To arrange for marketing of their cloth.
- To reduce their dependence upon middlemen and traders.
- To give the training in new designs to weavers,
- To provide them with insurance in case of illness or death of family members.
Two Marks Questions
Question 1.
Who is Polaiah?
Answer:
Polaiah is a basket weaver. He is from Andugula Village in Madugula Mandal.
Question 2.
Where is Andugula?
Answer:
Andugula is about 60 km from Hyderabad.
Question 3.
Who are involved in basket making traditionally?
Answer:
People of Yerukala” tribe are usually involved in basket making.
Question 4.
What languages are used in “Yerukala Rhasha”?
Answer:
Words from Telugu, Tamil and Kannada languages are used in “Yerukala Bhasha’.
Question 5.
Where is “Pochampalli’?
Answer:
Pochampalli is a small town in Nalgonda district in Telangana.
Question 6.
What is “lkkar?
Answer:
lkkat is a term used for the particular style in which cloth is dyed. often also referred to Bandhini or phochampally itself.
Question 7.
What are the raw material used for making silk sarees?
Answer:
To make silk sarees we use raw materials like – silk yarn. colours, cotton, thread.
Question 8.
What are the tools for making silk sarees?
Answer:
- The wooden loom.
- Small knives.
- Special sheets of paper for making specific notation and design.
Question 9.
Which handloom cloth is patented first in India?
Answer:
Pochampally is the first handloom cloth patented first in India.
Question 10.
What are cooperative societies?
Answer:
Cooperative societies are the organizations formed to overcome the problems of weavers.
Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation
A) Pochanipally is small town in Nalgonda district in Telangana. The weavers here produce unique sarees called Ikkat sarees, which are world-famous. lkkat is a term used for the particular style in which cloth is dyed. often also referred to Bandhini or pochampally itself. They are high-quality silk sarees containing simple geometrical designs and available mostly in three colours and shades.
There are nearly 10,000 weaving families in 100 neighbouring villages involved in this craft. Pochampally sarees have a unique design and colour which is quite distinct from other silk sarees. That is why it is the first handloom cloth patented in India.
This means, no other producers of handloom sarees in the world can sell sarees in the name of Pochampally lkkat Sarees’. Only those sarees that are produced in Pochampally and its surrounding villages can be sold with this brand name. These sarees are sold in India and abroad at high prices.
Question.
Write on the uniqueness of Pochampally.
Answer:
- Pochampally is a small town in Nalgonda district in Telangana.
- The weavers here produce unique sarees called ‘Ikkat’ sarees.
- It is often referred to Bandhini or Pochampally style.
- They are high-quality silk sarees containing simple geometrical designs.
- They are available mostly in 3 colours.
- They are the first handloom patented in India.
- No other handloom saree producers in the world can sell sarees in the name of Tochampally Ikkat sarees’.
B) Basket making is a craft work that involves the use of wild date palm leaves, cane and bamboo which are found in forests. There has been depletion of forests due to their extensive exploitation for big industries. This affects the livelihoods of people who have traditionally depended on forest. Further, the demand for
such products has reduced considerably. This forces them to move out of rural areas and migrate to urban areas for survival. This is true for many involved in traditional activities. However, they often have to live in urban areas without basic amenities.
Question.
Why are people migrating from rural areas?
Answer:
- Basket making is a craft work that involves the use of wild date palm leaves, cane and bamboo which are found in forets.
- There has been depletion of forests due to their extensive exploitation for big industries.
- This affects the livelihoods of people who have traditionally depended on forest.
- Further, the demand for such products has reduced considerably.
- This forces them to move out of rural areas and migrate to urban areas for survival.
Information skills
A. Polaiah is a basket maker. He is from Andugula village in Madugula Mandal, Mahabubnagar district. He is about 35 years old. He belongs to Yerukala, a tribal community. Polaiah’s family has been weaving baskets for generations. Bagyamma. his wife also works as a basket maker. And they have three children.
Polaiah’s father along with other 25 families came to the city about 30 years ago as the demand for baskets had declined in their native village. He sells baskets on the payments of Chaderghat in Hyderabad.
Polaiah uses the spines of wild date palm (Eartha chettu) leaves to make baskets. Using a knife, he shaves off the leaves and keeps them in hot sunshine to dry them. The raw material, wild date palm leaves, are brought in bundles from Andugula, their native village. His relatives in Andugula collect the spines from bushes around their villages and sell them to basket makers like Polaiah. Andugula is about 60 km from Hyderabad.
1. Who was Polaiah?
Answer:
Polaiah was a basketmaker.
2. To which community does Pobiah belong?
Answer:
He belongs to Yerukala. a tribal community.
3. Where does he sell his baskets?
Answer:
He sells baskets on the pavements of Chaderghat.
4. What does he use to make baskets?
Answer:
He uses the spines of wild date palm leaves.
5. Where is Andugula?
Answer:
Andugula is 60 km away from Hyderabad.
6. From where do he buy the raw materials?
Answer:
Polaiah’s relatives collect the spines from bushes around their villages and sell to basket makers.
B. Observe the following table carefully and answer the questions given below
Answer:
| Work | Raw materials used | Tools used | How goods are sold |
| Basket making | Wild date palm leaves | Knives | They sell the goods directly to the customers in nearby villages and towns. |
| Handloom Weaving | Yarn, colours, dyed silk, zari |
Wooden loom, small knives chitkasu, Panna, acchu | Through cooperative societies, middlemen and traders. |
1. What are the tools needed in handloom weaving?
Answer:
Wooden loom, small knives, chitkasu, panini and acchu.
2. What is the difference between marketing of baskets and handloom clothes?
Answer:
Handloom weavers have different options in marketing their products.
3. What is the raw material for basket making?
Answer:
Wild date palm leaves.
4. Which raw material tests more (basket making /handloom cloth)?
Answer:
Raw material of handloom cloths costs more.
5. What is the similarity in basket-making and handlooms?
Answer:
Both are handicrafts.
Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning
Question 1.
Why do you think people like basket makers have to live in urban slums?
Answer:
The urban slums are affordable as they are with less rents for people having less income.
Question 2.
How do the cooperative societies fail to help the weavers?
Answer:
In some cooperative societies, weavers are not given any role in decision-making regarding procurement of raw materials and sale of cloth materials. They do not provide opportunities for weavers to produce sarees to suit the changing preferences of consumers.
Work Book
Question 1.
The following is the raw material of making basket. ( )
A) Date palm leaves
B) Cotton thread
C) Coconut leaves
D) None
Answer:
A) Date palm leaves
Question 2.
The weavers of Dharmavaram produce unique sarees called ( )
A) Cotton sarees
B) Ikkat sarees
C) Silk sarees
D) All the above
Answer:
D) All the above
Question 3.
Which of the following is not needed to make silk sarees? ( )
A) Silk yam
B) Colours
C) Cotton thread
D) Synthetic yarn
Answer:
C) Cotton thread
Question 4.
This is the first stage of weaving saree. ( )
A) Preparing the yarn
B) Dyeing yarn
C) Warp and Weft
D) Jinning
Answer:
A) Preparing the yarn
Question 5.
The following state has the second largest number of handlooms in India. ( )
A) West Bengal
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Karnataka
D) Maharashtra
Answer:
B) Andhra Pradesh
Question 6.
The Government encouraged the weavers to set up ( )
A) Cooperative societies
B) Power looms
C) Depend on master weavers
D) All the above
Answer:
B) Power looms
Question 7.
Basketmaker’s family migrated from Shankavaram to Ongole. The reason is ( )
A) he wants to leave his basket-making profession.
B) the demand for baskets had declined in native place.
C) the raw material is cheaper than in his village.
D) all of the above.
Answer:
B) the demand for baskets had declined in native place.
Question 8.
Venkatesh family used to weave for the cooperative societies. The reason is ( )
A) they provide financial assistance
B) they help in getting loan for construction of houses
C) they give training in new designs
D) all of the above
Answer:
D) all of the above
Question 9.
……………………….. is a craft work that involves the use of wild date palm leaves. ( )
A) Basket making
B) Weaving
C) Handlooms
D) Power looms
Answer:
A) Basket making
Question 10.
People of Yerukala tribe speak a language ……………………. . ( )
A) Telugu
B) Urdu
C) Yerukala
D) Yanadi
Answer:
C) Yerukala
Question 11.
The raw materials used to make silk sarees are ………………. .( )
A) Silk yarn
B) Colours
C) Cotton thread
D) All of these
Answer:
D) All of these
Question 12.
Silk yarn is wound on a …………… . ( )
A) Reel
B) Bobbin
C) Machine
D) Loom
Answer:
B) Bobbin
Question 13.
Andugula village is in ………………… district. ( )
A) Guntur
B) Krishna
C) Ananthapur
D) Mahaboobnagar
Answer:
D) Mahaboobnagar
Question 14.
………………. is a curved frame made for weft lkkat with pegs on which the left threads are grouped and tied for dyeing. ( )
A) Panni
B) Chitkasu
C) Maggam
D) Acches
Answer:
B) Chitkasu
Question 15.
Silkworms grow on …………….. tree. ( )
A) Babul
B) Mulberry
C) Tamarind
D) Olive
Answer:
B) Mulberry
Question 16.
Pochampally is a small town in ……………….. district. ( )
A) Adilahad
B) Medak
C) Nalgonda
D) Nizamabad
Answer:
C) Nalgonda
Question 17.
The first handloom saree patented in India is ………………….. . ( )
A) Darmavaram sarees
B) Pochampalli lkkat sarees
C) Kanchi sarees
D) Jagithyala sarees
Answer:
B) Pochampalli lkkat sarees
Question 18.
………………… has the second-largest number of handlooms in the country.
A) Assam
B) Delhi
C) Goa
D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
D) Andhra Pradesh
Question 19.
…………………. sarees are containing simple geometrical designs. ( )
A) Dharmavaram
B) lkkat
C) Andugula
D) Kanchi
Answer:
A) Dharmavaram
Question 20.
………………… is a craft work that involves the use of wild date palm leaves.
A) Post making
B) Handloom weaving
C) Basket making
D) Chairs making
Answer:
C) Basket making