TS 6th Class Social Study Material Lesson 8A Trade in Agricultural Produce Part 1

Telangana SCERT TS 6th Class Social Study Material Pdf Lesson 8A Trade in Agricultural Produce Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 6th Class Social Lesson 8A Questions and Answers -Trade in Agricultural Produce Part 1

(Improve Your Learning)
Question 1.
How are agricultural goods traded? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
All agricultural goods are produced by farmers in the villages and they reach us in many ways. Food grains, pulses, and cereals reach to mills to get upgraded or to get paddy, etc. Then the goods are sold to wholesalers and next to retail traders, At last, the goods are sold to consumers.

Question 2.
List the differences between Gouri, Indra and Rama Gopal in Rythu Bazaar on the following issues. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

	Gouri	India	Rama Gopal in Rythu Bazaars
Where do they get money for doing business?	Money lender	Self-help group	Self
Where are the goods sold?	Stress	Santhas	Rythu Bazaars
How are prices fixed?	Cost price of the product	Wholesale price	Officers fix prices through consultation with a committee set up for the purpose comprising three farmers.

Question 3.
Use a few difficulties that retail traders face in their business. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Retail traders are the people who trade with small quantities of the products usually to meet the needs of an average family. They Increase the price of the product above the wholesale rate and sell it in the market. The retailers cannot maintain the products in bulk because he won’t have financial support from the banks.

Question 4.
In What ways can the retail traders also increase their income? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
The retailers who buy from the wholesalers, increase the price of the product above the wholesale rate and sell it in the market. This price is called the retail price of the product. The difference between the wholesale price and the retail price is the retailer’s profit. By the time, the product is sold in the market to consumers, it includes the margin of wholesalers and the retailers. The retailer can increase his income by purchasing goods from the farmers or the millers directly at a lesser price.

Question 5.
Why is it better to borrow from self-help groups rather than money lenders? (Appreciation and Sensitivity)
Answer:
Borrowing from the self-help group is far better than borrowing from money lenders as they charge high rates of interest (Rs. 3 for every hundred per month). In the self-help group. they charge “Paavala Vaddi” only.

Question 6.
What are the differences and similarities between borrowing money from money lenders, banks, and self-help groups? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Banks generally do not lend to small traders, whereas money lenders give loans to small traders at high rates of interest Ranks and money lenders both grant loans against securities such as gold, land, promissory flotes, etc. A self-help group is far better than banks and money lenders as self-help group charge only 23 poise for every 100 rupees per month.

Question 7.
Why do you think selling through Rythu Bazars is better than selling through wholesale shops? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Selling through Rythu bazaars is better than selling through wholesale shops for Farmers get the full price for his hard work

Question 8.
Read the paragraph Vendors like gowri ………… small trader become poorer, on page 66 and comment on It. (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
Vendors like Gouri lead a very difficult life and are ironically in debt. Since they borrow from moneylenders,(Generally, banks do not lend money to these small traders)a considerable part of their earnings goes towards paying interest or valid. Secondly, they do not have any facilities to preserve the unsold vegetables. In contrast to this, big traders have cold storage facilities and godowns. They can also borrow from banks at low rates of interest. Thus they earn more and become richer whereas the small traders become poorer.
Answer:
Many vegetable vendors of our stare are women. Every day Gouri buys seasonal vegetables from the wholesale vegetable market in a nearby town and sells them in streets carrying the vegetables in a basket In between she also cooks, feeds her children, and attends other household work. On some days she is too tired of sick to do this tough job and has to rest at home.

She leads a very difficult life and is chronically in debt She often borrows money from money lenders because banks do not lend money to the small traders. Small traders selling agricultural goods particularly perishables such as fruits and vegetables face difficulties because they do not have any facilities to preserve the unsold vegetables. So, the government has to take necessary precautions like providing bank loans, cold storage facilities and downs to these/small traders.

Question 9.
With the help of your teacher, locate the places in the map of your district where weekly fairs (Santha) are held? (Mapping skills)
Answer:
Students Activity

Question 10.
What is Rythu bazar? What are its benefits and limitations? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Rythu Bazaars are the markets where the producers (farmers) directly sell their goods to consumers. It is meant for farmers only. It provides fresh vegetables to consumers at reasonable rates. It eliminates intermediaries in trade. It provides vegetables with correct weighments to consumers, The farmers need not pay any rent.

Limitations:

1. The place is allotted on first come first basis to farmers. If a farmer is big, he is left with some comer place.
2. Some people are coming in the guise of farmers and selling less-quality vegetables.
3. All varieties of vegetables are not available as in the markets.

Question 11.
Why do Panchayat or municipality collect money from traders in Choutuppal Santha? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Town Panchayat collects about Rs. 5 money from traders as tax. It is collected for maintenance charge or service charge from traders.

(Project)

Question 1.
Talk to different vegetable vendors In your area to understand their work, livelihood,and problems. Prepare a report and share it in the class.
Answer:
In my locality, I have observed four different vegetable vendors who sells vegetables and get their nature and problems they Face regularly.

Name of vendor	Place	Nature	Problems they faced
1. John	Market	Regular market which is held in a fixed place, permanent shop.	Parking problems, bargaining, stiff competition, no fixed rates, facilities are less, pressure from money lenders.
2. Venkanna	Santha	Local market held once in a week (weekly market)	Limited space lack of storage facility, transportation.
3. Rashid	Rythu Bazar	Producers (farmers) directly sell their goods to consumers.	Insufficient space; when he is late, someone occupies this place then he is left with some corner place.
4. Gouramma	Street Vendor	buys seasonal vegetables in wholesale markets and sells them on streets carrying in the basket.	No transportation facilities, investment, problem income doesn’t meet her needs, Chronically in debt.

Question 2.
Go to a nearby Santha and observe its functioning. Draw a picture of it and display it in your classroom.
Answer:

Intext Questions

Questions given in Box P. No.65

Question 1.
Can you make a list of all the items we food consume as a day-to-day basis by filling the following table? Also, think of where we get all these things from.
Answer:

Categories	Items	From where do we get them
1. Food grains	Rice	from farmers, rice mills
2. Pulses	Yellow gram	directly from farmers, market
3. Oil	Sunflower oil	from oil mills, Retailers
4. Spices	Coriander	from retail merchants in the market, Santhas.
5. Vegetable	Tomatoes	from farmers, street vendors, rythu bazar
6. Fruits	‘Mangoes	from farmers’ rythu bazaars, markets, street vendors, Santhas
7. Sugar	Sugar	from grocery merchants, wholesale shops.
8. Tea/ coffee	Tea/coffee	from grocery merchants in the market.

Questions given in Box P. No.66

Question 2.
Do you think that Cauri can increase her income by raising the price of tomatoes to
Rs. 20 per kilo?
Answer:
It depends on the market price for tomatoes on that particular day. In the given conditions, she may not be able to sell at Rs. 20/-

Question 3.
What are the terms and conditions of money lenders for lending money?
Answer:
Money lenders lend money. why act as money chargers. They grant loans on personal recommendation and guarantee of persons well known to them. They grant loans against securities such as gold, land, promissory notes, etc. They provide short-term finance at high rate of interest. They provide loans to borrowers in a flexible manner.

Question 4.
Why do you think banks lend money only to big traders with permanent shops?
Answer:
Banks grant loans to large traders having permanent shops. To sanction loans, banks demand some guarantee or security, It is possible to large traders having permanent shops. Banks don’t take risks.

Questions given in Box P. No.67

Question 5.
How can the government help vendors like Gouri?
Answer:
The government can help vendors like Gouri through the schemes like PMRY (Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana) etc. They have to sanction the loans at subsidy rates of interest to the street vendors.

Text Book Page No. 69

Question 6.
Differentiate between permanent markets and Santha?
Answer:
Santhas are the weekly markets where as market is a place where buying and selling of goods take place daily. Besides agricultural produce like chili, a large number of industrial products of daily use like cloth, torches, utensils, pots. baskets etc., are sold Lw small traders in the Santhas. There are different markets depending upon their products like vegetables, fruits, flowers, cloth, etc.

Question 7.
Do you need the santhas even if there are regular markets?
Answer:
Santhas provide rare items and also cheaply. We need santhas even if there are regular markets.

Question 8.
How can we can make the lives of the small traders of santhas better?
Answer:
Selling goods in santhas is the traditional business money traders. They tace difficulties in selling their agricultural products. They do not have any storage facilities, If the government arranges storage facility for them, transport facility at lowest cost, a large number of small traders, labourers, and transporters get their livelihood.

Text Book Page No.71

Question 9.
Farmers are the only sellers in the Rythu Bazaar- True/ False
Answer:
False. Farmers are not the only sellers in the Rythu Bazaar. Some people in the guise of farmers are selling vegetables.

Question 10.
Who are the beneficiaries of Rythu Bazaar and Why?
Answer:
The farmer and the customer both are benefitted through Rvthu Bazaar The farmers get the full price for his hard work and the customers get the full value for their money.

Question 11.
What benefits do farmers get in Rythu Bazaar?
Answer:
Farmers need not pay any rent for their premises. The price for products is fixed daily in the morning which gives 25% more than the wholesale price. The farmers get the full price for their hard work.

Question 12.
How are prices fixed In Rythu Bazaar?
Answer:
The price for Rythu bazaar products is fixed daily in the morning by the officers in the consultation with a committee setup for the purpose comprising three farmers.

(Additional Questions)

Question 1.
Read the information carefully and answer the questions given:

	Santha	Rythu Bazaar
Items	Agricultural goods/ Industrial items	Agricultural Products
Area	Urban/rural	Urban
Trading	Small traders	Producers/farmers
Time	Once in a week	Every day
Price fixation	Depends on wholesale price	By the Committee
Space allotment	Reserved	Reserved

1) What items do we get from Santha?
Answer:
We get agricultural products and industrial items from Santhas.

2) Who fixes the price of items in Rythu bazaar?
Answer:
A committee to the price of items in Rvthu bazaar.

3) Where do we find Rythu bazaars?
Answer:
We find Rythu bazaars in urban areas.

4) Where do small traders trade?
Answer:
Small traders trade in Santha.

5) Write briefly about Rythu bazaar.
Answer:
Rythu bazaars are found in urban areas. These are the markets where the products sell their goods directly.

Question 2.
Read the information carefully and answer the questions given.
Besides agricultural produce like chilli, a large number of industrial products of daily use like cloth, torches, matches, pots, utensils, tools, baskets, plastic items, etc., are sold by small traders in the santhis. All such traders pay about Rs. 10 each to the Town Panchayat as tax. There are separate and famous sanihas where cattle, sheep and goats too are sold. They are brought from far away places and also from neighbouring villages. Many farmers also come either to sell or buy cattle here. There are brokers in such cattle santhas who help the farmers in their transactions and lake a commission.

Nearly three-fourths of iraders in santhalu are women, Selling goods in sanrhalu is the traditional business for many traders, This means their families have been doing this busi ness for many generations. Most of the spares in saniha are reserved for a specific trader. No other trader can come and set up a shop in that place. Most of these traders choose weekly santhalu. This means that they set up shops in different santhalu and corne back to a place once a week. They decide their routes according to their convenience.

Answer the follaving questions:
1. Mention the items sold by traders In the santhas.
Answer:
Agricultural products like chillics, grains, etc, and a large number of industrial products are sold by small traders in the santhas.

2. To whom the traders pay the tas?
Answer:
They pay Rs. 10/. each to the Town Panchayat as tax.

3. Who take commission in Santhas?
Answer:
Brokers who help the farmers in their transaction take a commission.

4. Which portion of traders are women?
Answer:
Nearly three fourths of traders in santhalu arc women.

5. When do we find santhalu?
Answer:
We find santhalu once in a week.

Question 3.
Read the information carefully and answer the questions.
i) In Rythu bazaar, the customer get not only fruits and vegetables but also mane,
other essential edible items like pukes, tamarind, dry chillies and edible oils.
Q. What are the items do we get from Rythu baLdar?
Answer:
Fruits, vegetables and otlwr essential edible items.

ii) Gown keeps some of her income for the next day’s purchase. Otherwise, she has to borrow from a money lender or the Self Help Group or wholesale merchants.
Q. Where does Gown bun-ow money for her trade?
Answer:
Money lender/Self Help Group/Wholesale merchants.

iii) The santhas are an important means by which the daily needs of the poeple are fulfilled and a large number of small traders and labourers and transporters get their livelihood.
Q. By what, small traders and labourers, and transporters get their livelihood?
Answer:
The santhas

4. There are few markets in which the producers directly sell their goods to consumers. Rythu Bazaars are one such market. Write a thought-provoking question.
Answer:
How does Rythu Bazaar help farmers and consumers?

Reading The Text (Given), Understanding And Interpretation

India earns about Rs. 200-300 per day. There is no guarantee that she gets good quality chillies all the times. Since she purchases chi lies by ordering over phone, she sometimes gets low-quality chilli and incurs losses. To do this business, lndra borrowed Rs. 30,000 from a sell help group In her village of which she is a member. She pays back her loan in installments at the rate of Rs.1200 per month. She feels that borrowing from the self-help group Is far better than borrowing from money lenders as they charge high rates of Interest (Rs. 3 per hundred per month). In the self-help group, she pays only 25 paise per 100 per month, This was possible due to the government scheme of ‘paavala vaddi’ for low-Income group.
1. Why does Indra incur losses?
Answer:
1. She purchases chillies by ordering over phone and cannot check each and every bag.
2. Hence she sometimes gets low i.ualitv chilli, due to that she incurs losses.

2. ‘Why does Indra prefer loan from self-help group?
Answer:
1. She feels that borrowing loan from the self-help group is far better as they charge less interest rates when compared with money lenders.
2. She pays only 25 paise for every 100 rupees per month.

(Two Marks Questions)

Question 1.
How do we get the agricultural produce?
Answer:
We get the agricultural produce (roni Santhas, Rythu Bazaars, Small shops, and Vendors selling on streets.

Question 2.
What are Santhas?
Answer:
The markets held for a day in a week at different localities are called Santhars.

Question 3.
What are “Rythu Bazaars ?“
Answer:
“Rythu Bazaars’ are the markets in which the producers directly sells their goods to consumem.

Question 4.
Where is Choutuppal?
Answer:
Choutuppal. is a small town in Nalgonda district.

Question 5.
What is” Pavalaa Vaddi’ scheme?
Answer:
1. The Paavala Vaddi scheme is introduced by the government for low earners.
2. The low earners, under this scheme, pay only 25 paise for every 100 rupees per month.

Question 6.
What are ‘Cattle Santhas”?
Answer:
The Santhas where cattle, sheep, and goats are sold are known as ‘Cattle Santhas”.

Question 7.
What are the benefits of Rythu Bazaars?
Answer:
The farmers get full price for their hard work and the consumers get full value for their price.

Question 8.
What are the limitations of “Rythu Bazaars”?
Answer:

1. The farmers will not get a place. il they are late.
2. Some outsiders are selling goods in the guise of farmers.
3. The farmers from distance places are not able to get the benefits of “the Rythu Bazaars”.

(Objective Type Questions)

Question 1.
Most of the street vendors or small traders are depending on ( )
A) Bank
B) Pavalla vaddi
C) Money lenders
D) None
Answer:
C) Money lenders

Question 2.
All the traders in Santhas must pay about ……………… each to the Town Panchayat as tax. ( )
A) Rs.5
B) Rs.100
C) Rs.50
D) Rs.10
Answer:
D) Rs.10

Question 3.
Rythu Bazaars are meant only for ………………… . ( )
A) Farmers
B) Millers
C) Brokers
D) Financiers
Answer:
A) Farmers

Question 4.
Santha is a …………………….. market. ( )
A) Daily
B) Weekly
C) Monthly
D) Yearly
Answer:
B) Weekly