TS 6th Class Social Study Material 10th Lesson Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics

Telangana SCERT TS 6th Class Social Study Material Pdf 10th Lesson Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 6th Class Social 10th Lesson Questions and Answers -Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics

(Improve Your Learning)
Question 1.
What do you mean by Gana? How were they different from the kingdoms ruled by kings? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
A Gana means an area ruled by a tribal group (tribal states). UsuaHy ganas were ruled by a group of rulers, Sometimes even thousands of men ruled together and each of them called themselves as ‘raja. Eg. : Vajji But coming to kingdoms, they were ruled by hereditary a king. It is called ‘monarchy. In the administrative matters, the word of the king was final. The kings had council of ministers for different responsibilities and number of officials to collect taxes and to enforce kings orders.

Question 2.
Compare the Ganas with Gond Panch. What similarities and differences do you see between them.(Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Similarities between Gond Panch and Ganas:

1. In a gana. there is no single ruler but a group of rulers. In the same way the decision-making in the Gond tribes was taken by the Assembly which represented the Gond society as a whole.
2. In the Ganas the people performed rituals, met and decided upon the issues of common interests in assemblies through discussion and debate In the same way in Gond panch when matters of importance concerning the village were discussed, the council consisting of adult male householders had the last word and the headman is no more than its chairman- The Gond panch represents the Gond society as a whole.
3. In both the cases the women and children were mere spectators and had no role in the proceedings.

Differences between Gond Panch and Ganas

1. All members of Gond tribe consider themselves relatives to each other, but we don’t find that feeling in the Ganas.
2. Many members of the gana called themselves as raja’ but nobody claims so in Gond tribe.
3. There were threats to ganas in the historical tribes to conquer them but here in Gond tribe ‘there were no outside threats.
4. The area of settlement of Gond panch is comparatively smaller than the area of Gana.

Question 3.
Can you point out the difference between the way villages are managed today and in the times of maha janapadas? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Village management in the time of Mahajanapadas and present day:

1. During Mahajanapada’s time the agriculture was managed by landowners called Grihapatis but today the agriculture is not confined to anybody. There are small, big and very big farmers today.
2. There were Dasas and Bhartukas under Grihapathis to work in the field. Some grip apathy had more land and more slaves. There are no slaves or bonded labour today All are wage-based workers.
3. Usually in maha janapada times the largest land owner became the headman of the village. But today there is no headman system. The head of the village sarpanch is elected by the Gramasabba.
4. Usually, there were crafts persons like blacksmiths, potters, carpenters, weavers who made the tools and articles necessary for villages. But today crafts persons of some trades only are seen in some villages. There is no support to them since the machine-made goods are dominating them.

Question 4.
Find out how the crafts persons are taxed by the government today. Was it the same in the times of maha janapads. (Reflection on contemporary issues and questioning)
Answer:
The craftspersons of nowadays have to pay taxes in different categories. All have to pay professional tax at first. In addition to that, they have to pay establishment or shop registration lee, yearly license fee, excise duty, VAT, sales tax and so many other taxes. There are some exemptions from the government for the new entrepreneurs. Moreover, the crafts persons are employed by an industrialist and making productions under him, In villages the taxation is less on crafts persons. Very few panchayats are taxing the crafts persons.

But during the time of Mahajanapadas the crafts persons were taxed liberally. There was no multi-tax system. They had to pay only professional tax and if they export the goods, they had to pay additional cess. There were officers who would collect taxes from the crafts persons and traders. The tax evaders had severe punishments.

Question 5.
Read the para five in pages 87’In most villages….’ and write your comment. (Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation)
In most villages there were craft persons like blacksmiths who made tools necessary for agriculture: like ploughshares, sickles, axes, arrows etc), potters who made pots for cooking and storing grains; carpenters who made carts, ploughs, furniture, etc.; and weavers who wove cloth for the villagers. Probably the grihapatis gave them grains in return for their products. These products were necessary (or agriculture, but the grihapatis may not have had the time or skill to make them.
Answer:
1. The above-mentioned paragraph describes presence of different craftsmen in villages of Mahajanapadas.
2. People adopted different fields of work based on requirements.
3. In a common village of?Mahajanapada, one can find potters. blacksmiths, carpenters, weavers etc.
4. The landowners (Grihapatis) used to give them grains in return for their products (this exchange system is called Barter system)
5. It shows, the chapatis have no time or skill to make different products, their main work is to grow grains in the field.

Question 6.
Locate the 16 janapadas on the map of India. (Mapping skills)
Answer:

(Intext Questions)

Questions given in Box P. No. 85

Question 1.
Look at the map of India and identify the plains through which the Ganga and Yamuna rivers flow. Identify the modern cities of Delhi, Allahabad, and Varanasi. Lucknow, Kanpur and Patna. Do you think this area will be similar to the villages of Penamakuru, Dokur and Penugolu? Give your reasons.
Answer:

1. Penamakuru village is similar to the plains through which the Ganga and Yamuna rivers flow.
2. Dokuru is a village on the plateau and Penugoulu is a village on the hills, due to this reason plains are not compared with these villages.
3. Modern cities like Delhi, Allahabad, Varanasi, Lucknow. Kanpur and, Patna are in plains. So all these cities are similar to the Penamakuru village.

Question 2.
Find out the names of a few Janas (tribes) who initially settled down in the Indo -Gangetic plain.
Answer:
Bharatha, Turu, Yadu, Druha, Turvasa etc..

Question 3.
What do you mean by Janapada? How is this different from Mahajanapadas?
Answer:
People of different tribes settled down to practise agriculture were called Janas. The place where they settled were called Janapadas. Large groups of such villages and towns were called ‘Mahajanapadas.

Question given in Box P. No. 86

Question 4.
Make a list of the Mahajanapadas and the cities which were situated on the Ganges valley.

Mahajanapadas	City
1. Kuru	Indraprastha
2. Kosala	Ayodhya
3. Valsa	Kausamhi
4. Anga	Champa
5. Magadha	Rajagriha, Pataliputra
6. Kasi	Varanasi
7. Avanti	Ujjain
8. Gandhara	Takshasila

Questions given in Box P. No. 87

Question 5.
If archaeologists would dig up the villages and towns of our times, after two thousand years, what do you think will they find?
Answer:
The archaeologists who will dig up the towns and villages after 2000 years, will find out the destructed homes of different types, roads, burials and articles used by us. They will get pieces of clothes and our vehicle parts and samples of our food grains also.

Question 6.
How would they decide if a site was a village or a town?
Answer:
If the site is of a village, the archaeologists will find the loud grains dry yards, cart remnants, pots. herds and the bones of hullocks and buffaloes li the site is nl a town, they will find strong road remnants, strong building models, building complexes etc.

Question 7.
If a book said that such and such a town was entirely built of gold and silver and that thousands of people lived in large palaces, how will you check whether this is mere imagination or a fact?
Answer:
We can counter-check the facts of a book from the sculptures of that time, articles found in excavation inscriptions of the Kings and from contemporary literature.

Question 8.
Compare the villages of tribes like Gonds and the villages of the Mahajanapadas to find out the similarities and differences.
Answer:
Similarities between Gond villages and Mahajanapada villages:

1. Both of the villages have headmen. The Gond headmen is called patla where as the headmen of Mahaanapadas were called Gahapathis.
2. Both the headmen coordinate various community works of the villages including festivals. They negotiate with the outsiders and government agencies or the king’s men on behalf of the villagers.
3. Both entertain the guests of the village and leed them.
4. Both of them are in charge of law and order.

Differences:

1. The Gahapathis were in charge of tax collection for the king whereas the Gond patla has no such responsibilities.
2. The resources of Gond villages are the wealth of the village whereas the resources of Mahajanapada villages belonged to king.
3. Land belongs to all families in Gond villages hut in Mahajanapadas land though belonged to the individual farmers, they had to pay taxes to the king.
4. There is no much difference of rich and poor on Gond villages hut it is there in Mahajanapada villages.

Question 9.
Describe the relationship between Grihapatis and crafts persons of the village.
Answer:
Different crafts persons of the villages made products like ploughs, spades. sickles, axes, furniture etc. and gave them to the grihapathis. probably in return of grains. It seems that they made the articles or goods at the order of grihapathis only arid not for general sales.

Questions given in Box. No. 88

Question 10.
The people of the towns would have needed grains, milk, meat etc. How do you think they got them If most townspeople were not doing any farming?
Answer:
The people of the nearby villages do farming and cattle rearing. They supply the grains, milk, meat etc., from the villages to the nearby towns and cities, thus the needs of the people of towns and cities are fulfilled.

Question 11.
How do you think the kings manage to get the wealth needed for all this?
Answer:
The kings managed to get wealth needed for all the administrative mechanisms by collecting taxes from the people. The had officers who would collect taxes from grihapathis. the crafts persons and traders.

Questions given in Box P. No. 89

Question 12.
Why did the kings of Mahajanapadas need armies?
Answer:
The kings of Mahajanapadas had armies of their own to ensure that people were following their orders and no other king would attack their kingdom.

Question 13.
What are the differences between the Gond Patla and the king of Mahajanapada in terms of their income and expenditure?
Answer:
The Gond patla had to meet the expenditure of entertaining guests and holding festivals from the extra income he got from the one day Labour of the villagers on his fields The ordinary people of the tribe would only support the path if they were convinced that it was in the interest of all the people of tribe. The kings of Mahajanapadas were different from such tribal headmen or chiefs, The kings collected taxes from the people. They had officers who would collect taxes from the grihopatis, the crafts persons and traders.

Questions given in Box P. No. 90

Question 14.
If everyone is forced to give away a part of their earnings as tax, how does it affect
their lives?
Answer:
If the taxation is more the livelihood of the people hampers. They may struggle to survive. It will finally lead to revolt against the ruler and may replace him by other rulers. The king will punish too if people revolt to pay the taxes.

Question 15.
Why do you think they agreed to pay the taxes? Do you think they benefitted in any way from the new arrangements?
Answer:
It is their duty to pay the ases to the kingdom, that’s why all of them agreed to pay the taxes. The only benefit they got was the protection of their profession, their assets and finally the kingdom. If anyone refused to pay taxes they would be punished by the soldiers of the king.

Question 16.
What is Bhaga? Does the government of our times take the produce of farmers in a similar way?
Answer:
The grthapatis (headmen of tribe) had to pay 1/6th of their crop to the king. This was called Bhaga. Nowadays our governments do not accept the taxes in kind because the medium of exchange Is their ow-a-days. The farmers have to pay the taxes only in the form of money by selling their produce. The tax in the form of kind was practised in the historical days.

Question 17.
Imagine and write a story of a village that was affected by war and also had to pay taxes to the king. Keep in mind all that you know about the villages of those times while writing this story.
Answer:
There was a village named Dharmapurt in the lambchop Mahajanapada. There the people were happily and silently leading their lives by following their respective professions. They were rightly paying taxes also. Unfortunately and suddenly a conflict arose between Kambhoa and the neighbouring Gandhara Mahajanapada and it led a fierce war, It lasted for 15 days.

Many soldiers of both sides died. The crop fields were destroyed with the war fight. The soldiers looted villagers. People had to face food shortages for that year. The Kambhoja kingdom was defeated had incurred heavy losses, many people were enslaved. To compensate the losses, the king Vijavapala imposed more taxes on the people. It was inevitable to the people to pay taxes. The people struggled to pay taxes and sometimes got punishment for not paying tax. Thus the wars in ancient or modern times are miserable events to the rulers as well as people.

Question 18.
Why were the kings of Mahajanapada keen to increase craft production and trade?
Answer:
The kings of Mahajanapadas encouraged the traders of their kingdom to trade more in distant places. They encouraged craftspeople to increase the production. It helped For sell-sufficiency of the kingdom, and to earn revenue by way of taxes.

Question 19.
How did the headmen of the villages benefit from the imposition of taxes by the kings?
Answer:
The kings of Mahajanapadas wanted the village headmen to collect the taxes on their behalf, This means the village headmen acted as middlemen. This may have helped many headmen to increase their power and resources in their villages, They might have got done their own works also by the poor and labourers without paying anything.

Questions given Box P. No. 91

Question 20.
How do you think Magadha kings used the natural wealth of the region to build a powerful kingdom? Write a couple of lines on each of the natural resources of Magadha and how It could have been used by the kings.
Answer:
The kings of Magadha right utilised the natural resources and increased the wealth and power of the kingdom.
Rivers: The rivers made the lands of Magadha very fertile and the grihapatis could irrigate their lands easily and grow the crops well. The rivers were also used for transporting goods and armies.

Forests: Parts of Magadha were forests. Elephants were raptured from there and trained to fight in the wars. Wood from the forests was used for building fortresses, palaces and chariots.

Iron ore: There were iron ore deposits which could be used for making weapons and agricultural implements like ploughs, spades, sickles. All these resources enabled Magadha to emerge as a very powerful kingdom.

(Additional Questions)

Question 1.
Write about the Gangetic Valley.
Answer:
The Gangetic Valley:

1. Gangetic valley extends between Himalayan mountains and the hills of Deccan plateau.
2. Since this plain receives very high rainfall, it is very fertile,
3. The rivers Ganga and Yamuna bring silt from the Himalayas and flow throughout the ear.
4. People of different tribes settled here in historical times (around 2700 years ago) forming janapadas.
5. They cut down the forests with the help of iron tools and tilled the land to grow paddy and other crops.
6. Large villages and towns were developed in these parts and later became Mahajanapadas and in modern times many Cities like Kolkata, Delhi, Varanasi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad are developed in Ganga valley.

Question 2.
Write about the cities of Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Cities of Mahajanapadas:

1. Cities of those times, like today – were mainly inhabited by poor people who worked hard to earn their livelihood.
2. Some al them were slaves and servants but many of them were crafts persons who made goods for sale.
3. The craftspersons made beautiful pots having demand everywhere, line cloths worn by rich people.
4. They further made gold and silver jewellery and took and vessels of bronze, copper and iron.
5. They made wooden carts and furniture,
6. There were people belonging to other professions too like soldiers, accountants, masons, horse trainers, sweepers, water carriers, wood and ivory carvers.

Question 3.
What do you know about the administration, army and taxation of Mahajanapadas’
Answer:

1. Most of the Janapadas were ruled by the kings
2. The kings had armies of their own to defend the countr as well to maintain law and order.
3. The kings lived in capital cities and tried to build strong fortresses of wood, stone, brick and mud.
4. The money required for building fortresses, and public buildings, maintaining armies was collected from the people.
5. The kings collected taxes from the people, They had officers who would collect taxes from grihapatis, the crafts persons and the traders.
6. Those who resect to pay the taxes were punished by the king’s men.
7. The officers and employees were bound to follow the orders.
8. The king could also ensure that the king’s orders were enforced and il e common people obeyed them.

Question 4.
In most villages, there were crafts persons like blacksmiths who made tools necessary for agriculture (like ploughshares, sickles, axes, arrows etc), potters who made pots for cooking and storing grains, carpenters who made carts, ploughs, furniture etc, and weavers who wove code for the villagers. Probably the grihapatis gave Ihem grains in return (or their products. These products were necessary for agriculture, but the grihapatis may riot have had the time or skill to make them.

Question.
Write about the craft men of Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
In most villages there were craft persons like

1. blacksmiths who made tooLs necessary for agriculture.
2. potters who made pots for cooking and storing grains.
3. carpenters who made carts, ploughs, furniture etc
4. weavers who wove cloth for the villagers.

Question 5.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given.
Many kings wanted to be more powerful and wealthy. They could do this in two ways: by increasing the taxes imposed on the people and by conquering neighbouring kingdoms. The kings began to collect regular taxes from the grihapatis who cultivated the land. The grihapatis had to divide their crops into six equal parts and give one part to the kings This was called bhaga. Craft persons also had to pay taxes, often by working free of charge for the king to one day every month, Herders of cattle and sheep too had to give the animal products to the king in the form of tax. Traders were also made to pay taxes on the goods they sold.

Hunters and gatherers in the nearby forest areas too had to bring forest produce like hide, wood etc. In this way, the kings had a variety of goods with them which they obtained as taxes.

1. How did the kings want to be wealthy and powerful?
Answer:
The kings wanted to be wealthy and powerful in two ways.

1. By increasing the taxes on their subjects (people)
2. By conquering neighbouring kingdoms.

2. How much did the grihapatis pay as tax of their produce? What was its name?
Answer:
The grihapatis had to pay 1/6th of their produce. It was called Bhaga. it was also called land tax,

3. What did the crafts persons pay the king?
Answer:
Crafts persons had to pas taxes, often by working free of charge for the king for a day every month.

4. How did the herders pay the taxes
Answer:
Herders of cattle and sheep had to give the animal produce to the king towards tax.

5. How did the hunters and gatherers pay taxes?
Answer:
Hunters and gatherers in the nearby forest areas too had to bring forest produce like hides, wood etc.

Question 6.
Read the information and answer the questions.
A. Janapadas 2500 years ago

Professional	Articles made
Blacksmiths	Ploughs. sickles, axes
Carpenters	Carts, ploughs, furniture
Potters	Pots for cooking grains
Weavers	Cloth

1. Who made sickles?
Answer:
Blacksmiths.

2. What did the carpenters make?
Answer:
Cans, ploughs and furniture,

3. What did weavers do?
Answer:
They wove the doth for the villagers.

B.

Janapadas	Cities
Magadha	Rajagriha, Pataliputra
Anga	Champa
Kosala	Ayodhya
Kasi	Varanasi

1. What was capital of Kosala?
Answer:
Ayodhva.

2. Whose capital was Champa?
Answer:
Anga.

Question 3.
What were two capital cities of Magadha
Answer:
Rajagriha and Pataliputra. The earlier capital city was Rajagriha and later capital city was Pataliputra which was made by Ajathasathru.

Map Reading:

1. What are shown in the Map
Answer:
Shodasa Maha Janapadas.

2. What is the ocean that lies on the west side of India.
Answer:
Arabian Sea.

3. What are the northwestern Mahajanapadac?
Answer:
Kambhoja and Gandhara.

4. What is the southernmost Mahajanapada.
Answer:
Asmaka.

5. In which area is Kosala in present India?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

6. Name the northeastern Mahajanapada.
Answer:
Anga.

Picture Reading

This picture shows the scene of war. This picture is from sculpture panels of Sanchi Stupa which were made 2000 years ago.

This picture shows a king riding out of a town fort, This picture is from sculpture panels of Sanchi Stupa which were made 2000 years ago.

This picture shows an assembly of a gana. In Gana there is no single ruler hut a group rulers. Each one is called Raja.

Two Marks Questions

Question 1.
How many Mahajanapadas were there?
Answer:
There were “16 Mahajanapada’..

Question 2.
When did the people settle around Ganges valley?
Answer:
Around 2700 rears people began settling down along Ganges.

Question 3.
What are Janapadas.
Answer:
The places where the tntw.. settled were called Janapadas.

Question 4.
What are Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Large groups ni lanapada were called Mahajanapadas.

Question 5.
Who were bhrtukas”?
Answer:
Paid workers who worked on the fields were called ‘bhrtukas”.

Question 6.
What was “Bhaga?
Answer:
The 1/6 th of the produce given to the king in the form of tax was called ‘Bhaga’.

Question 7.
Which was the most powerful kingdom?
Answer:
Magadha was the most powerful kingdom.

Question 8.
What was a “Gana” form of Government?
Answer:
‘Gana’ was a form of Government where no single ruler hut a group of rulers rule the kingdom. Eg: Vajji

(Objective Type Questions)

Question 1.
These rivers bring silt from Himalayas and flow throughout the year ( )
A) Krishna and Godavari
B) Ganga and Yamuna
C) Narmada and Tapti
D) Godavari and Kaveri
Answer:
B) Ganga and Yamuna

Question 2.
Large groups of tribal villages and towns were called ( )
A) Mahanagaras
B) Ratadhanis
C) Mahajanapadas
D) States
Answer:
C) Mahajanapadas

Questions 3.
The capital city of Magadha Mahajanapada was ( )
A) Amaravati
B) Vijayapuri
C) Pataliputra
D) Hastinapura
Answer:
C) Pataliputra

Question 4.
Most of the janapadas were ruled by ( )
A) Governors
B) Emperors
C) Kings
D) Soldiers
Answer:
D) Soldiers

Question 5.
The sculpture panels on Sanchi stupa were made about ……………….. years ago. ( )
A) 2000
B) 1500
C) 1000
D) 1200
Answer:
A) 2000

Question 6.
The tax paid by Grihapatis was called ( )
A) Bali
B) Bhaga
C) Udranga
D) none
Answer:
B) Bhaga

Question 7.
Ayodya belonged to this Janapada ( )
A) Kosala
B) Kuru
C) Kasi
D) Anga
Answer:
A) Kosala

Question 8.
In the ………………….. part of Magadha, there were iron ore deposits ( )
A) Northern
B) Southern
C) Eastern
D) Western
Answer:
B) Southern

Question 9.
Vaji Mahajanapada was lo the north of ( )
A) Magadha
B) Asmaka
C) kambhoja
D) Sainatata
Answer:
A) Magadha

Question 10.
………………….. belonged to Ganas and became (famous) teachers. ( )
A) Ajatasatru and Bimbisara
B) Mahavira and Buddha
C) Ashoka and Bindusara
D) None
Answer:
B) Mahavira and Buddha

Question 11.
The janapadas which were out of present India are ( )
A) Asmaka, Magadha
B) Kambhoja, Gandhara
C) Kosala, Vajji
D) Matsya, Surasena
Answer:
B) Kambhoja, Gandhara

Question 12.
The janapada that was in Gujarat ( )
A) Magadha
B) Vatsa
C) Asmaka
D) Avanthi
Answer:
A) Magadha

Question 13.
Tha janapada where republic system existed ( )
A) Vajji
B) Magadha
C) Asmaka
D) Anga
Answer:
A) Vajji

Question 14.
Magadha is situated on the banks of ………………….. .( )
A) River Krishna
B) River Godavari
C) River Ganga
D) River Yamuna
Answer:
C) River Ganga