TS 10th Class Social Study Material 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times

Telangana SCERT 10th Class Social Guide Pdf Download Telangana 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 10th Class Social 20th Lesson Questions and Answers – Social Movements in Our Times

Question 1.
Here is a list of items that you can use to make a table on social movements. Find out the similarities and differences amongst the different movements: Main area of focus of the movement; location; main demands; modes of protest; important leaders; response from the state; possible impact on society.
Answer:

Question 2.
Kannaiah, Ramya, and Salma have a debate. Ramya argues it Is okay to restrict the freedom of the press etc but ensure people do not live In poverty. Salrna argues that food alone is not important. It is equally important to have freedom of press because there is no other way people would know It there is violation of dignity of people in different parts of the country. Kannaiah says that how will It make a difference If press belongs to the rich and powerful people, why would they cover things that ordinary people expect? They have different expectations. Whom would you agree with and give reasons, from the context of human rights?
Answer:

1. I agree with Ramya.
2. She argues that food alone es not important but also to have freedom of press
3. If we do not have freedom of press, there is no other way people would know it there is violation of dignity of people in different parts of the country.
4. Now with globalization, world has become a tiny village.
5. People are coming to know and responding quickly in social media.
6. Everyone has the hght to life. Iibeily and security of person.
7. No one shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment.
8. Protection of most human rights is important.

Question 3.
What are the basic features of a social movement?
Answer:

1. Social movements have raised diverse demands of environment or human rights or equality.
2. In some contexts, these resist changes that are forced on them.
3. In some contexts, these demand for change.
4. These are often distant from individual political parties and more united under a single cause.
5. Their programmes are envisaged through participatory and democratic manner.
6. Social movements arise when people feel that their expectations were unmet by political systems.

Question 4.
What is the role of ordinary individuals described in the case studies given in the chapter?
Answer:

1. Without the participation of ordinary individuals, any social movement cannot be a successful one.
2. They were the ones, who suffered and dejected.
3. They make their voices heard through their Ieaders
4. They actively participate in marches, boycotts, processions planned by their leaders.
5. Nowadays they are making use of internet and social media to mobilise and fight for their cause.
6. They not only think of personal profits, hope for better future and sustainable environment.
7. They even oppose their own government and support the human rights of the sufferers.
8. Most movements Involved them are peaceful in nature.

Question 5.
How are the rights of black people In the USA and Meira Palbi movements similar or different?
Answer:

1. The nights of black people in the USA are violated by law.
2. They are met with inhuman treatment,
3. They are discriminated in schools, transport facilities, job, housing, and even in voting rights.
4. But they are overnight to freedom of movement,
5. In Moira Paibi’s movements, the most shuttered are women.
6. Their right to life, liberty, and security of person are taken away by special protection law.
7. They are subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.
8. Their men and children are detained for no fair cause.
9. They are not even given the right to freedom of movement.
10. Government has yet to take a decision on Mews Paibis’s demands.

Question 6.
Democracies have been identified as most prominent political systems across the world. Do you think democracy has been able to take care of all expectations of people? Based on the examples cited In these chapters, write a short note on ‘democracy and social movements’.

Answer:
Democracy and Social Movements: Social movements are mostly the outcome of dissatisfaction in the society. The ruling democracies are not able to fulfill the expectations of people. Sorne section of the other in the society is suffering with denial of human rights or social justice.

Their ire is augmented and shapes into a movement. When governments are after nuclear arms and not providing peace and security to people usually people resent It and movements come up. When people are discriminated they revolt against administration. Likewise, whenever there is lack of social justice and when there is a threat to environmental system also movements come out.

Question 7.
Discuss and find out how movements mobilise people from across the globe like In the above Instance of campaign to protest In the context of Bhopal gas tragedy.
Answer:

1. Movements seek a vision that is different.
2. Movements mobilize people from across the globe to protest various issues
3. Black Americans organised themselves against the segregation and discrimination they faced.
4. People of Russia fought for human rights there, when free multiparty elections were not allowed, and Press freedom was not allowed.
5. Massive protests took place against the policies of the governments, which are warmongering.
6. The green peace movement in the USA protested the conduct of nuclear tests underwater in the USA.
7. Many such movements related to environment were taken up and people supported them.
8. There are various platforms for them like. Facebook. Twitter, e-mails, Internet, and newspaper. etc.

TS 10th Class Social 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times Intext Questions

Page No. 289

Question 1.
Read the given information and answer the following question.
I Have A Dream ..
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow Live stand today. signed the Emancipation Proclamation, This moment is decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared ü the flames of withering injustice…. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro s still say crippled by the manacles of segregation and the
chains of discrimination….

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by The colour of their skin but by The content of their character ..Dr Martin Luther King Jr.

Question. Try to read this famous speech of Dr King and write an essay on the ideals he set
for American society and how he planned to achieve It.
Answer:
One of the most important social movements was the American Civil Rights movement. This movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It was led with the aim of ‘civil disobedience (violating discriminatory laws peacefully).

The ideals Dr. King set for American society: Afro-Americans or black Americans should not be segregated from whites in schools, buses and public places. They should be given equal rights in appointments, housing, and even voting rights, For generations of employment, he wanted full and fair employment, decent housing, the right to vote and adequate integrated education in which whites and blacks could study together.

He wished that America should be changed as a nation where people are not judged
by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.

Page No. 290

Question 2.
Make a table and list the demands of civil rights movement and the possible solutions In your opinion.
Answer:

Demands of Civil Rights movements	Possible solutions
1) Passage of Civil Rights Act	1) All forms of segregation has to be repealed.
2) Programme for generation of employment	2) Government should look for promoting industries.
3) Full and fair employment.	3) Along with whites, Black Americans are also to be considered for employment.
4) Decent Housing	4) Government shall help the Blacks with construction of houses.
5) Right to vote	5) All the adults must be given right to vote.

Question 3.
The USA claims to be a democracy, yet It kept certain groups of people segregated. till middle of last century. Discuss how the idea of democracy needs to be more inclusive in our context.
Answer:

1. The USA claims to be a democracy.
2. It practised segregation, till the middle of last century.
3. Democracies cannot afford to alienate their subjects.
4. They cannot judge a person by the colour of the skin.
5. They cannot shy away the protection of equal rights to all subjects.
6. Democracy in this context needed to be more inclusive.
7. All the black people are to be treated on same footing with others.

Question 4.
Can you think of the similarity or differences In the nature of political systems in the USA and the USSR and how was their response to people’s rights?
Answer:

Political System in the USA	Political System In the USSR.
1) Democratic Government.	1) Socialist system of Government.
2) Freedom of press/media present.	2) Freedom of press/media is not present.
3) Movement of ordinary people is allowed.	3) Movement of ordinary people is not allowed.
4) No control over people activities.	4) Kept close control of people’s activities.
5) Segregation laws are followed.	5) No such laws in force.
6) Civil Rights Act was passed and successfully implemented.	6) Glasnost brought greater freedom for the people.

Question 5.
Why do we hear different voices within a movement? Can you Identify differences In them?
Answer:
1) People have differences of opnions. hence we hear different voices within a movement.
2) In American Civil Rights Movement two voices arose. They were –
a) Many people agreed with Dr, King that it was possible to achieve equality for all people through peaceful means,
b) Many others like “Malcolm X” thought that Blocks should fight for independence from white rule and for that they have to use all means including armed conflict.

Page No. 291

Question 6.
We Won’t Go
America has a law which required all able-bodied citizens to enrol in the army for a short period. During the Vietnam War, thousands of citizens refused to get drafted Into the army to fight In Vietnam. Let us read about one such protest refusal. This is statement that appeared in a newspaper, Harvard Crimson:

We, the undersigned, as American men of draft age, may be asked by our government to participate in the war in Vietnam. We have examined the history and the nature of this war, and have reached the conclusion that our participation In would be contrary to the dictates of our consciences. We, therefore, declare our determination to:
refuse military service (all citizens are required to do so by law) while the United States is fighting in Vietnam. Our intention ¡n signing this statement ¡s to unite with other draftage mon who share our convictions, in order to turn our personal moral rejection of war into effective political opposition to it.”

Some thought that these people. were being unpatriotic while others thought that they were justified In refusing to participate In an unjust war. Discuss the two points of view In the class and write a short note of arguments of both sides and your own viewpoint.
Answer:

1. Vietnam conflict was the outcome of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR
2. Citizens refused to get drafted into the army to light in Vietnam
3. The US war with Vietnam was inhuman, hence majority of the people opposed ii
4. People who hate ‘Socialistic Society and Commun4sm supported the decision of the US to continue the war with Vietnam.
5. In my opinion, I oppose the war with Vietnam as it was against democratic people and human rights.

Page No. 293

Question 7.
What were the different types of responses to the weaponisation?
Answer:

1. Nuclear arms race intensified after the end of Vietnam war in 1975.
2. More and more countries competed with each other to stockpile nuclear arms.
3. Arms-producing companies and governments created a war panic among the people.
4. They created warlike situations.
5. People believed that warmongering and arms race made the world more unsafe.
6. It also increased the possibility of a disastrous war for all countries.
7. Massive protests took place against these policies of governments.

Question 8.
If people from different countries meet each other there would be less chances of war, than the governments alone deciding the policy with each other. Would you agree with this statement? Give reasons for the answer.
Answer:

1. Usually, countries formulate their policies.
2. People of countries meet together and avoiding war is distant from reality.
3. Most countries In the world are democracies.
4. People visit their powers through vote to their representatives who could master them.
5. It may be looking simple but, it definitely may not be feasible,
6. So, I cannot agree with this statement.

Question 9.
Explain how environmental issues can affect people of nations who may hay, no role In deciding the location of nuclear plants, polluting factories, etc. How do you deal with such situations?
Answer:

1. Usually, people of the nation are suffering lot, whenever there is a nuclear tragedy.
2. They really do not have any role in deciding the nuclear plant’s location or pollution factory.
3. That will be decided by their representatives and their secretaries.
4. They decide the locations taking Into consideration, a lot of things like Infrastructure, raw materials, technology, etc.
5. To deal with these situations the governments should take all the protective measures.
6. In case of any adversity, they should respond well In time to support the people.
7. They should see that proper care Is taken about the affected and fair compensations were distributed among the suffering people.

Page No.294

Question 10.
Look up the website of Greenpeace movement (http: //www.greenpeace.org/ International) to find out about the issues they have been fighting for and how the methods they have used for fighting. Find out about the debates and Controversies about this movement too.
Answer:
Students Activity.

Page No. 291

Question 11.
Is It Impossible, to build factories or mince or power plante without throwing out farmers or tribal people? What can be the alternatives? Discuss in your family and school on the Issues.
Answer:

1. Most of the times it Is impossible to build factories, mines or power plants without throwing Out the farmers or the tribal people.
2. Because they need infrastructural facilities and raw material availability, they are to be set up like this.
3. Governments should think al alternatives.
4. Protection of the farmers and tribals is also lied with the government.
5. They should plan of no damage to these sectors of people or the minimum.
6. In case of a compulsion, they must be given compensations like land, lump sums and employment.
7. More importantly, government should concentrate on viable alternatives to protect the environment also.

Page No. 298

Question 12.
What were the various strategies used by social movements?
Answer:

1. Social Movements throughout the world used various strategies.
2. Civil Rights Movement USA used civil disobedience (Violating discriminatory laws peacefully) and boycotting of discriminatory services (bike buses which segregate whites and blacks)
3. Thousands of tests and intellectuals from across the world campaigned for abolishing all nuclear weapons.
4. Volunteers in the USA set out n a small ship Green Peace in protest of under water nuclear test of the USA.
5. People used international laws to fight against the problems that factory workers and women were affected in the Bhopal gas disaster.
6. Women-led movements for social justice and human rights.
7. People organised movements in protest of pollution, global warming and environmental degradation.

Question 13.
How did the people Involved In the movement see the process of resettlement promises?
Answer:

1. People who stood to be displaced from the project demanded a fair compensation not just to those who own land, but all those who lived there.
2. People realised that there was actually no adequate land available to compensate for the loss.
3. They also believed that It was really not possible to rehabilitate the displaced people properly.
4. People began to realise that the problem was not compensation or rehabilitation but one of faulty notions of development.
5. A development which was based on unsustainable use of natural resources, only paved way for setting up industries and commercial alarms at the cost of farming and tribal communities.

Page No. 300

Question 14.
Find out about more recent such struggles In West Bengal (Nandigram), Odisha (Nlyemeglrl) end Andhra Pradesh (Polavarem, Sompeta, etc) Prepare a poster explaining the main features of the struggle in cachot these cases.
Answer:
Nandigram West Bengal:

1. Nandigram is a place on the bank of Heidle and quite far from Kolkata.
2. In 2007, March the state government of West Bengal sanctioned the arid there to set up a special Economic zone by Salim Group.
3. People of Nandigram resented it and led mass processions and struggle and 14 people died.

Niyamagirl – Odisha:

1. Niyamagiri hills in Odisha state are famous for their bauxite reserves. Odisha government gave permission to British mining company Vedanta to nine bauxite from there in July 2013.
2. People resented thIs, especially the tubas and organised many processions and later court Involved In this matter and by January 2014 the mWwng was disallowed.

Sompeta, Polevaram – In combIned Andhra Pradesh:

1. Sompeta was a mandate In Stikakulam strictly cf continued Andhra Pradesh and government at the state permitted Nagarjuna Company Limited to set up a thermal plant there in 2010.
2. People supported by many opposition party leaders protested the decision of government and for three years there were long-drawn struggles.
3. The Polavaram project is to be constructed on Godavari river. The government obtained permission and wanted to start it in 2006.
4. It has submerging areas and affecting, zones in Chattisgarh and Odisha also. Many conflicts were there to complete it.

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks with a paragraph and line section which you think is related to the violation or are in conflict with the provisions of Human rights. Fill in the blanks with paragraph and line numbers after reading the next two pages:
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his [or her rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him [or her]. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 12: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with last [or her] privacy, family, home or correspondence. nor lo attacks upon his [or her] honour arid reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Para …………….. line ……………… .

Article 13 :
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state [state here means country]. Para …………….. line ……………… .

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his [or
her] country. Para …………….. line ……………… .
Answer:
Violations
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Para 3 line 13.

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Para 3 line 6 and 7.

Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Para 3 line 4.

Article 12: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his [or her] privacy, family, horns or correspondence, nor to attacks on his [or her] honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Para 3 line 10.