TS 10th Class Social Study Material 13th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies

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TS 10th Class Social 13th Lesson Questions and Answers – National Liberation Movements in the Colonies

Question 1.
Match the following.
1. Sun-Yat-sen [ ] A) Militarised the nation
2. Chiang Kaishek [ ] B) Environmental movement
3. Mao Zedong [ ] C) Nationalism, Democracy, and Socialism
4. Ken Saro Wiwa [ ] D) Peasant revolution
Answer:
1-C
2-A
3-D
4-B

Question 2.
Trace the changes in the role of women seen in China over the decades. Why is It similar or different from that of USSR and Germany?
Answer:

1. In China, women were for a long time kept at the bottom of society.
2. It was not until the first half of this century that the Chinese Communist Party led the Chinese people to wage a great and profound national democratic revolution on this ancient land.
3. In political, economic, cultural, social, and family life, women were considered inferior to men
4. The successive invasions by the western powers aggravated the plight of Chinese women.
5. The cruel oppression and exploitation by imperialist and feudalist forces plunged Chinese women into an abyss of misery never witnessed before.
6. For national salvation and self-emancipation, Chinese women, along with the entire nation waged a dauntless struggle that lasted for over a century.
7. Ever since its birth, the Chinese Communist Party has made the achievement of female emancipation and equality between men and women one of its goals.
8. After the founding of Peoples Republic, there was a historic change in the social status and condition of women.
9. The historical liberation of Chinese women won worldwide attention.

Question 3.
After the overthrow of monarchy, China had two different types of regimes. How were they similar or different?
(OR)
Trace out the political conditions in China after throwing over monarchy.
Answer:

1. The monarchical Manchu empire was overthrown and a republic was established in 1911.
2. Even though the Manchu dynasty was overthrown and a republic was declared, the republican government by Sun-yet-sen could not consolidate self.
3. The country came to be controlled by regional military powers called ‘warlords.
4. The social and political situation continued to be unstable.
5. There was a movement called ‘The May Fourth Movement.’ It galvanized a whole generation to attack old traditions and to call for saving China through modern science. democracy and nationalism.
   Thus, both the regimes were similar.

Question 4.
Countries discussed in the above chapter were all mostly dependent on agriculture. What were the measures taken in these countries to change these practices?
Answer:

1. The land was confiscated and redistributed.
2. There was a reduction of 25% in land rents.
3. Secondary land ruts were cancelled.
4. The arrears In rent owed by tenants before August 1945 were cancelled.
5. Thus, the power on land changed from the hands of landlords to common poor peasants.

Question 5.
Who owned Industries in countries discussed above and what policies were brought In to change the systems? Make a table to compare them.
Answer:

Name of the Country	Industries owned by	Policies that were brought
1. China	As socialism was in practice industries were owned by Government and are operated for the welfare of the people.	Government was ready to the accept the technological changes and inventions throughout the world and readily adopted them. – Trained skilled labour according to their needs.
2. Nigeria	– Nigerian economy was not much industrialized. -Oil was discovered in 1 950s and the flow of MNCs was started.	Military governments were corrupt and they violated human rights on a large scale. They could not prevent MNCs from reckless of extraction, without care of environment arid could not prevent oil spills.

Question 6.
Compare the national movement In India and Nigeria can you explain why It was stronger In India?
Answer:
Comparison:

India	Nigeria
1. fought against Britain.	1. fought against Britain.
2. In 1905 the British separated Bengal into East West Bengals	2. In 1939 the British separated Nigeria into North and South Nigeria.
3. Our leaders started Vandernatara movement	3. Some intellectuals fought against the divide-and-rule policy.
4. In 1885 the INC was founded	4. From 1923 many political parties were founded.
5. Became Independent in 1947.	5. Became independent in 1963.

Question 7.
What are the challenges faced by the independent Nigerian nation? In what ways is
it similar or different from the challenges faced by Independent India?
Answer:
a) Challenges faced by the Independent Nigeria:
Nigeria became independent on 1st October 1963. Unfortunately, a just and democratic balance could not be worked out and soon Nigeria slipped into civil war and military rule which largely reinforced the domination of the north. Attempts were made repeatedly to bring in civilian and democratic governments but these tailed again and again.

Corruption and suppression of human rights went hand in hand with collaboration between the military regime and multinational Oil corporations which funded the corrupt rulers. After a long haul of military dictatorship, Nigerians elected a democratic government in 1999 It remains to be seen how it laces the challenges of building a democratic Nigeria.

b) In many ways it is different from the challenges faced by independent India except corruption.

India faced the following challenges:

1. Overpopulation
2. literacy
3. Lack of technical knowledge
4. Low utilization of natural resources, etc.

But the government is stable in India. The co-ordination between the government arid the military is also ideal.

Question 8.
Unlike India, Nigeria did not have to struggle so hard for freedom. Can you find some explanations for this?
Answer:
Some Explanations:

1. India Is a vast country end was under the colonial rule for more than two centuries.
2. There are no territorial divisions in India like Nigeria.
3. India is a Nation since many centuries but Nigeria was formed by the colonizers.
4. Most of the people n India were leading urban and rural life, while the Nigerians were leading the tribal life.

Question 9.
Freedom struggle in these countries involved wars against the rulers. Briefly describe its impact.
Answer:
impact of wars

1. The wars in the nations ended the traditional rule and colonial rule.
2. Communism, democracy and militarism were sprouted in these nations.
3. Three nations faced political instability after the wars.
4. There were civil wars in these three nations.
5. Many people died in the wars and many were wounded.
6. Many political parties were established in the three nations.

TS 10th Class Social 13th Lesson National Liberation Movements in the Colonies Intext Questions

Page No. 187

Question 1.
Observe the following map and answer the questions that follow.

a) identify one Asian and one African Colony of Britain.
Answer:
India is the Asian arid Nigeria is the African colony of Britain.

b) Identify one Asian and one African colony of Holland.
Answer:
Indonesia Is the Asian and Western Sahara is the African colony of Holland.

c) Identity one Asian and on. African colony of France.
Answer:
Vietnam Is the Asian and Algeria is the African colony of France.

d) Identify two Asian and one African country that was not colony of any power.
Answer:
China and Russia are the Asian and Ithiopla Is the African country which was not a colony of any power.

e) Whose colony was Australia?
Answer:
Australia was the colony of the British.

Page No. 188

Question 2.
Recall Revisit Class IX textbook as to what constitutes the Idea of Nationalism and how It emerged.
Answer:
Nationalism ¡s basically a collective state of mind or consciousness in which people believe their primary duty and loyalty is to the nation-state, It implies national superiority and glorifies venous national virtues.

The rise of centralised monarchies, which placed people under one rule and eliminated feudalism, made nationalism possible. It was emerged in the late 18th century.

Question 3.
If the traditional rulers of these countries had fought for freedom, what kind of political systems would have been created?
Answer:
If the traditional rulers of these countries had fought freedom. monarchial kind of political systems would have been created,

Question 4.
In colonies, which social groups hay, fought for freedom? And why were the ideas of equality and democracy important to them?
Answer:

1. In colonies peasants, common people, and workers had fought for freedom.
2. Women and students also had fought for freedom.
3. All these were suppressed for many centuries. So the ideas of equality and democracy were important to them.

Page No. 189

Question 5.
Why do you think young Chinese wanted to fight both against old traditional practices and against foreign powers?
Answer:

1. The traditional rulers in China suppressed the common people in all these spheres of their life.
2. Foreigners were controlling countries resources end caused poverty arid inequality in the society.

So I think young Chinese wanted to fight both against old traditional practices and against foreign powers.

Question 6.
Did something similar happen In India?
Answer:

1. Yes. Something similar happened in India.
2. Indians resented the old practices like Sati, Polygamy, Untouchability, Child Marriages, encouraged widow remarriages and girl child education etc.
3. Many peasant movements, and socio-religious movements were conducted.
4. People resented the British rule.
5. They wanted to drive the British away.

Page No. 190

Question 7.
What were the major political parties that emerged during the period?
Answer:

1. The Guomindang (KMT)
2. The Communist Party (CCP)

Question 8.
Who were the member, of such mobilisation? (In China)
Answer:
Peasants, labourers, women and students.

Question 9.
What was the nature of the social and economic changes that were thought of?
Answer:
Freedom and equality.

Page No. 192

Question 10.
In what ways did the land reform programmes help CCP to win the war?
Answer:

1. The land reform programme was primarily designed as a measure to win support for the new regime.
2. By promoting free land to all, they broke open the peasants’ soul and released a flood of mass passion.
3. Redistribution of land will put an end to payments to the landlords, and then another series of measures will lay the foundation of a prosperous rural life.
4. The conclusion is that the welfare of the peasants is the basis of the political power of CCP.

Question 11.
Compare the land reforms carried out In China wtth that of India. What were the similarities and differences between them?
Answer:
Land reforms carried out In India:

1. The land reforms were earned out under compulsion and in order to remove the difficulties that Might crop up.
2. Land reforms and reforms in the land tenure system were carried out when Congress came into power W various states in 1936.
3. Since the beginning had been made after World War to remove the dissatisfaction among the agriculturists.

Land reforms carried out in China:
A class Identification of all village inhabitants, followed by the confiscation and redistribution of land-lord land and other productive property was carried out in China. Thus, the land reforms carried out in India and China are totally different.

Question 12.
Do you agree with the view that equal participation of men and women and equal opportunity for them is necessary for freedom and development of the country?
Answer:

1. I agree with it. Equal participation of men and women Is necessary for freedom and development of the country.
2. And availabIlIty of equal opportunity to both men and women is necessary for freedom and development of the country.
3. That is why our constitution promised these equal rights and opportunities to men and women.

Page No. 195

Question 13.
Discuss how you think the Idee of PanAfrlcanlsm is different from nationalism. Do you think the idea of nationalism is limiting?
Answer:
Pan-Africanesm is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide, It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to unity and uplift people of African descent. Nationalism is a belief that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one’s nation, Pan-Al mechanism is the identity of individual. Nationalism is the identity of individual with one’s nation.

Question 14.
Colonial rule led to uneven development of regions In a country. In India too, coastal regions like Bengal, Madras and Bombay developed faster under the British. Why do you think such uneven development takes place?
Answer:
The reason for uneven development:

1. Colonial governments help develop infrastructure for the mining and exporting natural resources such as roads. ports and trading relationships for their own benefit. It was not used to develop the countries.
2. Social norms and cultural beliefs result in large population size which hinders development.

Page No. 196

Question 15.
Most of the oil resources of Nigeria are in the South Eastern region. The Igbos think that they should get the maximum share of oil profits. They object to oil wealth being used for development of the North. What do you think will be the proper and just solution to this problem?
Answer:

1. Most of the oil resources of Nigeria are in South Eastern region.
2. The Igbos think that they should get the maximum share of oil profits.
3. They object to oil wealth being used for the development of the North.
4. The claim of the Igbos was not correct.
5. The natural resources belong to the entire nation,
6. Government should use the wealth from natural resources to develop all the regions of the country.
7. In case, the region with resources was backward, care must be taken to develop it.