TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 9th Lesson Globalisation

These TS 10th Class Social Studies Important Questions 9th Lesson Globalisation will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 9th Lesson Globalisation

1 Mark Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between foreign trade and foreign investment?
A. Foreign trade: Foreign trade is any kind of trade (exports and imports) with other countries of the world.
Foreign investment: Private capital investment by firms of one country into those of another country is called foreign investment.

Question 2.
Mention any two factors which led to Globalisation.
Answer:
Globalisation is a process of connecting countries across the globe. Technology, Liberalisation of foreign trade and investment, foreign investment policy, WTO and other global institutions led to this globalisation.

Question 3.
What is an MNC?
Answer:
An MNC is a multinational company that owns or controls production n more than one nation.

Question 4.
What do you mean by foreign investment?
Answer:
Investments made by MNCs is called foreign investment.

Question 5.
What is Investment?
Answer:
The money that es spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines and other equipment is called investment.

Question 6.
What is foreign trade?
Answer:
Foreign trade Is any kind of trade with other countries of the world.

Question 7.
What do you mean by trade barrier?
Answer:
It is called a barrier since some restrictions have been set up by Indian government on foreign trade and foreign investment. It can be tax in imports.

Question 8.
What is Globalisation?
Answer:
Globalisation Is a major change that occurred across the globe in the late 20th century. This has political, cultural as well as economic dimensions.

Question 9.
What was called ‘Arab Spring?
Answer:
In 2013 several nations in Western Asia and Northern Africa like Tunisia. Egypt were influenced by each other’s revolutions and uprooting of dictators. This was called Arab Spring’ In the media.

Question 10.
Where do MNCs set up offices and factories for production? Give reason.
Answer:
MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions where they can get cheap labour and other resources. This is done so that cost of production is low and the MNCs can earn greater profits.

Question 11.
Define Economic reforms of NEP 1991.
Answer:
Economic policy adopted by the Government of India since July 1991 is termed as new economic policy or economic reforms.

Question 12.
What is Privatisation?
Answer:
Privatisation means reduced government intervention and increased private investment in production activities.

Question 13.
What is Outsourcing?
Answer:
Outsourcing means going out to a source outside the company to buy regular service.

Question 14.
How many countries are currently the members of the WTO?
Answer:
The WTO has 164 member countries as on 29th July 2016.

Question 15.
In which year, the government started to remove barriers on foreign trade and foreign Investment?
Answer:
In 1991.

Question 16.
Why are the Chinese toys popular in the world?
Answer:
Chinese toys are comparatively cheaper and have new designs. So they are popular in the world.

Question 17.
Why are the MNCs making investments in India?
Answer:
In India, labour cost is very low when compared to rest of the world. So, many MNCs are making investments In India.

Question 18.
Which organisation lay emphasis on the liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment in India?
Answer:
The WTO.

Question 19.
When was the WTO established?
Answer:
The WTO was established on 01-01 -1995.

Question 20.
Where is the main head office of the WTO?
Answer:
It is in Geneva – Switzerland.

Question 21.
What is the purpose of foreign trade?
Answer:
Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets, They can sell their products in other countries also.

Question 22.
State a positive aspect of India’s development strategy prior to 1991.
Answer:
The strategy has helped India in creating a large industrial base and increase in industrial production.

Question 23.
What do you mean by export quotas?
Answer:
For the protection of local consumers, government restricts giving limits of export of particular goods. This is called export quota.

Question 24.
What is Import quota?
Answer:
For the protection of local manufacturers from the competition of producers of other country, government imposes taxes on the imported goods. This is called import quota.

Question 25.
State any two impacts of liberalisation and globalisation in India.
Answer:

1. There are better services in communication sector.
2. Many food processing companies have taken over the market.

Question 26.
State the new strategies of NEP.
Answer:

1. Liberalization
2. Privatization
3. Globalization.

Question 27.
What is meant by modernisation of the economy?
Answer:
The NEP accords top priority to modern techniques and technologies. It also promotes computers and electronics industries, It has made the Indian industries dynamic.

Question 28.
What is Joint Venture?
Answer:
At times MNCs set up production jointly with the local companies of the countries where they established their MNC operations.

Question 29.
Expand W.T.O. How does it work?
Answer:

1. WTO – World Trade Organisation. It lays emphasis on the liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investments.
2. It was established In 1995 with headquarters in Geneva Switzerland.

Question 30.
Expand the term I.B.R.D.
Answer:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (OR) World Bank.

Question 31.
Explain SEL
Answer:

1. The full form of SEZ is Special Economic Zone.
2. They are meant for the free establishment of industries.

2 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Estimate the impact of globalization on local industries of India.
Answer:
Impact of globalization:
Positive effect:

1. Several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit from the increased competition.
2. They have invested in newer technology and production methods and raised their production standards.
3. Some have gained from a successful collaboration with foreign companies.

Negative effect:

1. Some of the small industries have been hit hard due to competition.
2. Several units have been shut down rendering many workers jobless.

Question 2.
Globalisation by connecting countries results in greater competition among producers.” Justify the statement.
Answer:

1. Globalisation is a maor change that occurred across the globe In the late 20th century. This has politics. cultural as well as economic dimensions.
2. An MNC does different operations related to its business at different locations across the globe.
3. An MNC is able to take advantage of cost benefits and also of easier access to important markets.
4. There is a greater choice before the consumers who now improved quality and lower prices for several productions.
5. Competition held between local producers and foreign companies.

Question 3.
Give four reasons to the factors that helped Globalisation. 311 2O17
Answer:
Globalization means interconnecting the markets and countries also. Factors that helped globalization are:

1. Technology: The development in Information and Communication Technology have been even more remarkable and rapid. Rapid Improvement technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the globalisation process.
2. Transportation: As a result goods are delivered faster across long distances at lower costs.The  Internet also allows us to send instant electronic mail and talk across the world at negligible costs.
3. Liberallsatlon of Foreign Trade: With liberalisation of trade, businesses are allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish to irrçort or export.
4. Uberalisation of Foreign Investment: Due to this so many companies are going to Invest on new products.
5. Political climate: We must remember that political decisions are taken In a particular context, which accounts for the economic and technological change that has already taken place.

Question 4.
Write about the problems of Urbanization.
Answer:
Problems of urbanisation:

1. The rapid inflows of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places.
2. The decrease In rural population effects the agricultural production due to shortage of workers in rural areas.
3. Due to use of more vehicles, air, and water sound pollutions are increased.
4. traffic problems will arise.
5. Proper drainage facilities are not expanded.
6. Using of plastic covers is increased.
7. The unemployment increases in urban areas.
8. Due to this, various criminal activities, corruption, etc. increase affecting the law and order system.

Question 5.
How are the Indian companies benefited with Globalisation at present?
Answer:
Benefits for Indian companies with globalisation at present

• Invested in newer technology and production methods.
• Raised their production standards.
• Gained from collaboration with foreign companies.

Question 6.
What will be the consequences of Globalisation, if it spreads to all sectors in future?
Answer:
More products will be available if globalisation process is continued and spreads. Quality of goods will be increased prices come down. Foreign investment is increased. Many new jobs will come up. IT services will be increased. Technology will be more used. Small-scale industries will be closed. Culture and nationalism are also affected. Soil lose its fertility.

Question 7.
What do you understand by globalisation?
Answer:
Globalisation is a process associated with increasing openness, growing economic independence and deepening economic integration with the world economy. In other words, it means opening up of domestic economy for the foreign countries.

Question 8.
What is the role of media in Arab Spring’?
Answer:
Media played a crucial role during Arab Spring. Television Channels that wore owned and run by people from other countries supported such mobilisation which resulted in regulating the powers of local leaders. While events like civil war or natural disasters like Tsunamis are discussed within the national boundaries they also receive support and sympathy from around the world.

Question 9.
Give a picture of ‘Production across countries before large MNCs.
Answer:
Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was largely organised within countries. Raw materials, food grams and finished products only crossed the boundaries of these countries. Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food grains and imported finished goods. Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries. This was before large multinational corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene.

Question 10.
What is Important regarding MNCs?
Answer:
MNCs not only sell their finished products globally but more important, the goods and services are produced globally. As a result, production is organised in increasingly complex ways. The production process is divided into small parts and spread out across the globe.

Question 11.
“Previously important decisions regarding the value of currency were taken by sovereign governments but today they are made by market players and forces.” Comment with example.
Answer:

1. Previously important decisions regarding the value of currency were taken by sovereign governments but today they are made by market players and forces.
2. In fact, many of the MNCs have wealth exceeding the entire budgets of the developing country governments.
3. With such enormous wealth, imagine the power and the influence of these MNCs.
4. This is how the decision-making powers of sovereign governments are at a risk.

Question 12.
Fill in the blanks:
Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of ………………..(i) …………………… . Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing …………….. (ii) ……………….. with other countries. Moreover, the using number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India. MNCs are investing in India because
……………… (iii) ………………….. . While consumers have more choices n the market, the effect of rising …………….. (iv) ………….. and ……………(v) ………….. has meant greater …………… (v) ……………. among the producers.
Answer:
(i) globalisation
(ii) foreign trade
(iii) they have access to cheaper labour
(iv) prices
(v) standards
(vi) competition

Question 13.
Match the following.
(i) MNCs buy at cheap rates from small producers [ ] (a) Automobiles
(ii) Quotas and taxes on imports are used to regulate trade items [ ] (b) Garments, Footwear, Sports
(iii) Indian companies who have invested abroad [ ] (c) Call centres
(iv) IT has helped in the spreading of production of services [ ] (d) Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy
(v) Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories in India for production [ ] (e) Trade barriers
Answer:
i-b
ii-e
iii-d
iv-c
v-a

4 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Explain with examples, how small and cottage industries are extinct because of multinational companies.
Answer:
Small and college industries are going the extinct because of multinational companies due to the following reasons.

1. Small industries are not having capacity to compete with MNCs
2. Imported goods quality is high and cost s low.
3. People are attracted to machine-made goods. But cottage industries are not following.

Example:
a) Basket making:

• Small industries do not get good quality of plastic, because its cost is high.
• Instead of traditional baskets, MNCs imported steel and metal baskets.

b) Weaving:

1. Small and cottage industries using old traditional methods for weaving, only handlooms,
2. MNCs using power looms for weaving and using machines and Imported machine-made doth.

Question 2.
Write the advantages and disadvantages of Multi-National Companies.
Answer:
Advantages and disadvantages of Multinational Companies:
Advantages:

1. Competition among countries increased.
2. Quality improvement.
3. Decrease in prices.
4. Increase in production.
5. Increase in access of goods and services.
6. Development in research and technology
7. Increase in employment opportunities.

Disadvantages:

1. Decline in small-scale industries.
2. No employment opportunities for unskilled labourers.
3. Agriculture is affected.
4. The environment is affected.
5. The exploitation of natural resources.
6. The value of currency is determined internationally.
7. Indigenous languages and cultures are affected.

Question 3.
How can flexibility in labour laws support the present companies?
Answer:

1. Flexibility in labour laws can help the companies to decrease their production cost by employing labourers only for short period of lime when there is need instead of employing them for long period of time or yearly basis.
2. By easing upon labour laws, company heads can negotiate wages and terminate employment. depending on market conditions.

Question 4.
Read the following paragraph and interpret.
The developments n information and communication technology have been ever’ mere remarkable and rapid. Telecommunication facilities are used to contact one another around the world to access information instantly and the communicate from remote areas.
Answer:
The given paragraph Is about developments in technology, especially with regard to information and communication technology. It has various effects on society and made the task of many people easy.

In the fast-growing world, every field is being updated and upgraded. There are so many reasons for these changes in technology. Due to globalization, getting and sending information should be fast, email, Google, internet. Wikipedia all these made our task easy.

People also changed their lifestyles. Even in mobile phones various activities like e-banking, and different payments like electricity bill, phone bills are paid. Many of the GOs and Memos are sent by mail.

It has negative effects also. Some youth are attracted by obscene films and pornographic videos are watched, Students can utilise it lot their study. Government should take necessary action.

Question 5.
Read the following paragraph and Interpret it.
Economic proponents of Globalisation argue that it is the economic forces that are responsible for Globalisation and control its contours and borders. Those holding the political line argue that it is the government’s decisions that allow movement in the first place.
Answer:
According to the given paragraph, economic forces are responsible for Globalization. They are controlled by them. The policies of the government play a vital role in Globalization process. The people in government will decide flic line of the Globalization.

Many Multinational Companies in various countries dominate governments of different countries by pressuring them. The key persons in governments are Influenced by them. Governments take decisions of policymaking in favour of the multinational companies. If the countries which are influenced by the multinational companies take decisions to make their companies run well in their countries, these companies influence the local markets.

For example. Val Mart, D Mart, more supermarkets are running in India and small retail shop owners are lacing problems of sales. Their sales came down as the commodities are sold at cheaper rates. They take directly from companies and use their own transportation and so prices will be less.

The ‘governments should take decisions in favour of local people. The multinational companies should be allowed in the needy areas but not aN the fields in which local companies run well. The duty of the government is to take decisions for the welfare of the people.

Question 6.
What are the three types of movement within international economic exchanges?
Answer:
The three types of movement within international economic exchanges:
The first is the flow of trade in goods as well as services. The second is the flow of labour the migration of people in search of employment. The third is the movement of capital for short-term or long-term investments over long distances. Besides, there are political and cultural dimensions of globalisation.

Question 7.
Read the following paragraph and write whether you agree with this paragraph or not. Mention why/why not.
At times, MNCs set up production jointly with the local companies In these countries. The local corrçany benefits by the additional Investments and the latest technology that be MNCs bring.
Answer:
According to the paragraph ven, it says that the multinational companies invest for the production of goods jointly with the local companies. This additional investment is a sort of benefit for the local companies as they have access to the technology.

To some extent It is true. When foreign companies want to establish a new factory they bring sorne new technology and provide job opportunities for the local people. They utilize the local resources along with human resource. The companies keep the local companies wi their grip and gradually they lose their control on their own production. They have to depend on the multinational companies. They have to supply their production to them only. They have to accept many of their conditions.

Some people say that the multinational companies are helpful to the local companies. It is true in initial stage but in due course it leads to downfall. So I don’t fully agree with this paragraph. Government should put barriers which are useful for the local companies. Such laws are to be brought and implemented.

Question 8.
Read the following paragraph and Interpret.
For a long time, trade has been the main channel of connecting countries. In history you would have read about the trade routes connecting India and South Asia to markets both in the East and West and the extensive trade that took place along these routes. You would also remember that was trading Interests whicti attracted various trading companies such as East India Company to India.
Answer:
According to the paragraph given, trade is the main channel bringing the nations together. East India Company came to India in such a way. In the name of trade, the Europeans tried to find out new sea routes and in the series of efforts, they explore many countries and established markets.

The exploration doesn’t stop with spreading the markets. It leads to exploitation of natural resources. The trade extended to both East and West and many of the Asian, African countries have lost their Freedom and suffered a lot.

East India Company came to India and looted the country. Trade doesn’t mean exploitation. The explorations were useful to the developed countries only. Quality improvement, falling of prices, competition, etc. is acceptable.

In conclusion, I would like to say that it is not so easy to decide whether the trade is really linking the markets and leading to exploitation. Every country should think whether the foreign companies are useful to their country or not. In what way they are useful for their people is important.

Question 9.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments on it.
To put it away, foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets. Similarly, for the buyers, trade expands the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced. Foreign trade, thus, results in connecting the markets or integration of markets is different countries.
Answer:
The given paragraph says that because of foreign companies opportunities are created and the producers send their goods to other markets also. The buyers also have the choice to select the commodities or goods what ever they like. Foreign trade helps in connecting markets of the globe. International market system will be increased.

My comments on this paragraph are that many of the foreign products like Coca-Cola, Pepsi and other cool drinks are available In our country. Local coconuts and buttermilk are not being utilized. There is a scope for Honda, Nokia and other products available in India. Quality and better products are being utilized by Indians. A few local company products are also being sold in international markets. Selection of goods plays a crucial
role in the business.

Though there is a choice for buyers, they should think of their domestic market also. Foreign trade connects the markets in different countries. The integration of market system doesn’t collapse the domestic economic system.

Question 10.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on it.
Rapid growth of technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the globalization process For Instance, the past fifty years have seen several improvements in transportation technology. As a result, goods are delivered faster across long distances
Answer:
According to the given paragraph technology is one major factor in the process of globalization. Recently there are many changes in transportation technology. It led to faster movement in reaching destination.

My opinion is that the technology is a part of globalization. Many multinational companies use different technology for various purposes. In this paragraph, it is discussed about transportation technology- Different types of vehicles ara used for transportation. Better roadways are also a part of that. The improvement of roadways affects transportation If roads are not good in condition, the vehicles move on the road will be damaged.

Improved transportation makes travel easy. Construction and management of roads including vehicle maintenance are to be concentrated. Better roads help in minimizing the prices because of the fuel consumption. If roads are not good in condition, they lead to vehicle damage and so it causes for increasing in prices.

Question 11.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments
Lets us return to the example of imports of Chinese toys in India. suppose the Indian government imposes a tax on import of toys. And because of the tax, buyers will have to pay a higher price on imported toys. Chinese toys will no longer be as cheap in the Indian markets and imports from China will automatically reduce and Indian toy-makers will prosper.
Answer:
According to the paragraph given, the government has to put barriers on Chinese toys. Thus the prices of the Chinese toys risa. Automatically Indian toys will have positive market. Indian toy makers will get benefits.

My comments on this paragraph are as follows. This Is only an example, Like the Chinese toys, there are so many goods coming from abroad arid making good business. They are getting good profits. The same Indian manufacturers tace many troubles. If tax barriers are put against the foreign companies, they will sell their goods for higher prices but many a time such situation is not seen. Many of the electronic goods are being imported to our country in the same way as the Chinese toys are coming to our native market.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the government should take necessary steps to strengthen the Indian companies and small-scale industries along with artisans and handicrafts.

Question 12.
What is the influence of globalization Ofl the Indian economic system? What are the advantages of extending globalization to India? Express your opinion.
Answer:
Globalisation has been of advantage to consumers. particularly the well-oft sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy Improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier. Among producers and workers, the impact of globalisation has not been uniform Firstly.

MNCs have increased their investments in India, which means investing in India has been beneficial for them. MNCs have been interested in industries such as cell phones, automobiles, electronics, soft links fast food oil services such as banking in urban areas. These products have a large number of well-off buyers.

In these industries and services, new jobs have been created. Also, local companies supplying raw materials etc., to these Industries have prospered.

Secondly, several of the top Indian companies have been able, to benefit from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production methods and raised their production standards. Some have gained from successful collaborations with foreign companies.

Moreover, globalisation has enabled some large ln can companies to emerge as multinationals themselves!

Globalisation has also created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT. The Indian company producing a magazine for the London-based company and call centres are some examples. Besides, a host of services such as data entry, and accounting. administrative tasks, and engineering are now being done cheaply in countries such as India and are exported to the developed countries.

Question 13.
Identify these countries on an outline map of world.
1) United States of America
2) China
3) Mexico
4) India
5) Eastern European countries:
i) Poland
ii) Ukraine
iii) Romania
iv) Bulgaria
v) Czech Republic
vi) Slovakia
Answer: