Class 7

SCERT AP 7th Class English Textbook Answers 4th Lesson The Brave Little Bowman Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 4 Questions and Answers The Brave Little Bowman

7th Class English Unit 4 The Brave Little Bowman Textbook Questions and Answers

Look at the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What are the men doing?
Answer:
The men are fighting.

Question 2.
What weapons are they using?
Answer:
The men are using maces (gadha) to fight.

Question 3.
Where do we see such fight scenes?
Answer:
We see such fight scenes in wars during the times of kings.

Question 4.
Can you name soma world famous personalities from any field?
Answer:
Yes, I can name some world famous personalities. For example, Virat Kohli from cricket, Kalam from science and technology, Narendra Modi from politics, P.V.Sindhu from tennis.

Question 5.
Is it their appearance/skill that makes them great personalities?
Answer:
It is their skill that makes them great.

Questions Given In The Lesson

Possible answers to the questions given in the middle of the lesson :

Question 1.
Do you know the success story of Sudha Chandran? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, I know the success story of Sudha Chandran. She is an Indian film actor and a famous Bharatanatyam dancer. She overcame her disability of losing her right leg in an accident and danced again with great courage and determination.

Question 2.
Collect the names of such personalities and share with your friends.
Answer:
Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, George Washington, Helen Keller, Franklin D.Roosevelt, Ludwig Van Beethoven, Nik Vujicic, Rowan Atkinson, Walt Disney are some of the successful personalities with disabilities. They proved that their disability couldn’t stop them from achieving their goals.

Question 3.
Can the big man win the battle ? Substantiate your answer.
Answer:
I think the big man can’t win the battle as he is not a skilled warrior.

Question 4.
Will the little man support the big man?
Answer:
Yes, the little man will support the big man.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why didn’t the little bowman go to the king and ask for a job in the army?
Answer:
The little bowman was afraid that the king would reject him as he was short and had a crooked back.

Question 2.
What did the little bowman tell the big man to do when he saw him digging ditches?
Answer:
The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! You will immediately be recruited in the army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to do and we shall divide the pay between’us. This way both of us will be able to live comfortably.”

Question 3.
How did the big man introduce the little man to the king?
Answer:
The big man introduced the little man to the king as his assistant.

Question 4.
Did the big man kill the tiger and the wild elephant? Who killed them?
Answer:
No, the big man did not kill the tiger and the wild elephant. The little bowman killed them with his skill in archery.

Question 5.
If you were the big man, what would you do in the battlefield?
Answer:
If I were the big man, I would not leave the battlefield. As I knew the skill of the little bowman in archery, I would stay on the elephant and finish the battle.

Question 6.
Did the running away of the big man from the battlefield benefit the little man? How?
Answer:
The running away of the big man from the battlefield benefited the little man undoubtedly. The little man got a change to prove his skill and power. He was recognized by the king and received the much-deserved honour at last.

B. Put the following sentences in the order of events.

The big man and the little man joined the king’s army.
The little man told the big man to ask the king to let him join the army.
The little man saw a big strong man digging a ditch.
The big man slipped off the war elephant’s back and ran off into the city.
The little man killed the tiger and the wild elephant.
Answer:
The big man and the little man joined the king’s army. (3)
The little man told the big man to ask the king to let him join the army. (2)
The little man saw a big strong man digging a ditch. (1)
The big man slipped off the war elephant’s back and ran off into the city. (5)
The little man killed the tiger and the wild elephant. (4)

C. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

1. The little bowman introduced the big man as his assistant to the king.
2. The little man killed the tiger arid the wild elephant.
3. The big man asked the king to pay him five hundred pieces a month.
4. The little bowman led the elephant into the battle and won the battle.
5. The king made the little bowman the chief of his army and gave him rich gifts
Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

Correct the false statements and write them here.
1. The big man introduced the little bowman as his assistant to the king.
3. The king told the big man that he would give a thousand silver coins a month.

Vocabulary

A. Crossword Puzzle
Fill the puzzle using the clues given below.
Across
1. an archer
3. sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
5. unkind, severe
6. having knowledge or ability
2. a brave soldier
3. express warm approval or admiration .
4. bent or twisted out of shape
7. a narrow channel dug at the side of the road or field

Answer:

B. Observe how the past and past participle forms of the verbs are formed in set I and set II.

Note:
Verbs such as walk, ask, join, etc, which you find in set I are Regular Verbs.
Verbs such as take, drive, give, etc, which you find in set II are Irregular Verbs.
Pick out the verbs from the lesson, and write the V2 (past) and V3 (past participle) forms and place them under proper headings.

C. Find the ‘antonyms / opposites’ for the given words from the reading text.

1. unarmed
2. foolish
3. unskilled
4. relaxed
5. coward
6. separate
7. gentle
8. proud
9. straight
10. dismount

Antonyms:

1. unarmed × armed
2. foolish × wise
3. unskilled × skilled
4. relaxed × disturbed
5. coward × brave
6. separate × join
7. gentle × harsh
8. proud × humble
9. straight × crooked
10. dismount × mount

D. Fill in the blanks with the opposite of the word underlined.

1. Never speak harshly, always speak _________ .
2. Cruelty towards animals is a sin. We should show _________ to animals.
3. Everybody likes to be praised. Nobody likes to be _________ .
4. I am glad I got the job, but _________ on leaving my home town.
5. David told his timid young brother to be _________ .
Answer:

1. Never speak harshly, always speak kindly.
2. Cruelty towards animals is a sin. We should show kindness to animals.
3. Everybody likes to be praised. Nobody likes to be blamed.
4. I am glad I got the job, but sad on leaving my home town.
5. David told his timid ybimg brother to be brave.

Grammar

Read the following sentences from the reading text.

• The king will take both of us.
• We will go to the king and ask for a job.
• Will you come with me?

These sentences are in the simple future tense.
Pick out some more sentences which are in the simple future tense from the reading text and write them here. .
1. ___________
2. ___________
3. ___________
4. ___________
5. ___________
6. ___________
Answer:
1. I will do the work assigned to you and we will divide the pay equally.
2. Okay, 1 will go with you.
3. I will take the both of you and give a thousand silver coins a month.
4. We will serve you to the best of our abilities.
5. Will you do it?
6. I will kill the tiger.
7. I will sit behind you on the war elephant and shoot with my bow and arrow.
8. I will fight for the king.

You have already learnt the structure and usage of simple future tense. Now, do the following exercise.

A. Here is how Karim, John and Indu plan their summer holidays.

Fill the blanks with suitable form of verb given in brackets.

1. Hello, I am Karim. Every summer we _______ (go) to Chennai to visit my grandparents. But this summer, we _______ (not visit) them. We _______ (go) on a tour to Singapore. We _______ (do) a lot of shopping there. We _______ (visit) all the sight-seeing places in Singapore. We _______ (stay) there for ten days.
Answer:
Hello, I am Karim. Every summer we go to Chennai to visit my grandparent But this summer, we will not visit them. We will go on a tour to Singapore. We will d0 of shopping there. We will visit all the sight-seeing places in Singapore. We will stay there for ten days.

2. Hello, 1 am John. This summer ______ (go) camping with my classmates and we ______ (climb) up trees. We ______ (make) campfires and ______ (sleep) in tents. But it ______ (last) only for a week. Then, like every summer. I ______ (read) books and ______ (watch) TV at home.
Answer:
Hello, I am John. This summer I will go camping with my classmates and we will climb up trees. We will make campfires and will sleep in tents. But it will last only for a week. Then, like every summer I will read books and will watch TV at home.

3. Hi, I am Indu. Every summer we ______ (go) to my grandpa’s village. He has a lovely farm. This summer too, we ______ (go) there. I ______ (ride) a horse. I ______ (climb) trees and ______ (go) fishing and (pick) up flowers also. I ______ (feed) the lovely animals.
Answer:
Hi, 1 am Indu. Every summer we go to my grandpa’s village. He has a lovely farm. This summer too, we will go there. I will ride a horse. I will climb trees and will go fishing and pick up flowers also. I will feed the lovely animals.

B. Fill the blanks with the verb in simple future tense. (One is done for you)
Ex : He ______ (come) tomorrow.
A. He will come tomorrow. ‘

1. Karim ______ (travel) around Europe next year.
2. The exams ______ (be) in June.
3. The students ______ (finish) the English project in two days.
4. He ______ (call) me tomorrow afternoon.
5. I ______ (get) you something to drink.
Answer:
1. Karim will travel around Europe next year. .
2. The exams will be in June.
3. The students will finish the English project in two days.
4. He will call me tomorrow afternoon.
5. I will get you something to drink.

C. Write negative sentences for the given positive sentences. (One is done for you.)
Ex : They will go shopping on Saturday.
A. They will not go shopping on Saturday.

1. My mother will assign work to me.
Answer:
My mother will not assign work to me.

2. He will get the job.
Answer:
He will not get the job.

3. We shall buy another house.
Answer:
We shall not buy another house.

4. The doctor will see you very soon.
Answer:
The doctor will not see you very soon.

5. He will leave tomorrow.
Answer:
He will not leave tomorrow.

D. Framing questions that take Yes/No responses
Read the following sentences from the story.
Little Man : Can’t you find some other work?
Big Man : No, I can’t.
The King : Have you heard about the wild elephant?
Big Man : Yes, your Majesty.
The King : You must go to the forest and kill the tiger. Will you do it?
Big Man : Yes, your Majesty! I will kill the tiger.

Look at the answers to the above questions. Those answers begin with either YES or NO.

The above questions begin with words can, have, will, did etc. (The Auxiliary Verbs). Now let us see how these questions are framed.

1. Observe the position of the auxiliary verb in the statement and the question.

Statement	Question
1. She is learning classical dance.	Is she learning classical dance?
2. They were playing chess.	Were they playing chess?
3. He will finish the project in time.	Will he finish the project in time?
4. We can enjoy the movie.	Can we enjoy the movie?
5. I should write the examination.	Should I write the examination?

Now, frame questions to the given statements. (One is done for you)
1. He was a skilled archer.
Answer:
Was he a skilled archer?

2. The king will take both of them.
Answer:
Will the king take both of them?

3. I am not a skilled warrior.
Answer:
Am I not a skilled warrior?

4. She is preparing dinner for us.
Answer:
Is she preparing dinner for us?

5. The little girl can tell the names of all Indian Presidents.
Answer:
Can the little girl tell the names of all Indian Presidents?

6. My friends are going on an excursion.
Answer:
Are my friends going on an excursion?

7. They were building a house by this time last year.
Answer:
Were they building a house by this time last year?

8. I should attend the meeting.
Answer:
Should I attend the meeting?

9. We shall take up the challenge.
Answer:
Shall we take up the challenge?

10. The Prime Minister has declared the lockdown.
Answer:
Has the Prime Minister declared the lockdown?

2. Observe the following Statements and Questions.

Statement	Yes / No Question
Birds fly in the air.	Do birds fly in the air?
A cow gives us milk.	Does a cow give us milk?
He got top rank in the examination.	Did he get top rank in the examination?

Now, frame questions for the given statements: (One is done for you)

1. The rainbow appears in the sky.
Answer:
Does the rainbow appear in the sky?

2. The Sun rises in the east.
Answer:
Does the Sun rise in the east?

3. Trees give us fruits.
Answer:
Do trees give us fruits?

4. He wrote a novel.
Answer:
Did he write a novel?

5. She sang a song on the dais.
Answer:
Did she sing a song on the dais?

Writing

A. In the story the big man was appreciated for killing the tiger and the wild elephant. He started ignoring the little bowman. Describe the feelings of the little bowman in this context.

Make use of the following hints.

Unlucky I am – with my skill – killed the tiger – killed the wild elephant – but credit went to the big man – the king and the people praised him — I was ignored – really unfortunate – what can I do now? – can I reveal the truth — may the king punish us – better to keep quiet.
Answer:
How unlucky I am! I killed the tiger and the wild elephant with my skill. But the credit went to the big man. I did not get any recognition. The king and the people praised him but I was ignored. It is really unfortunate. What can I do now? Can I reveal the truth? The king may punish us if I reveal the truth. So it is better to keep quiet.

B. You have read the lesson ‘The Brave Little Bowman’. Rewrite it in the form a story.
Answer:
Once upon a time, there lived a bowman. He was a skillful archer in a city. Though he was short in height and had a crooked back, none could beat him in archery. One day he thought, “ I am good enough to join the king’s army, but he would never take me in because of my short stature and hunched back. I must look for someone tall and pow¬erful, and then I can enter the king’s army as his page.”

One day, the little bowman found the kind of man he was Iooking for. He was a tall and powerful man and used to dig ditches to earn his living. The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! 1 am the best archer of this country and worthy of being a part of the king’s royal army. But, I may get rejected because of my height and crooked back. So, I need your help. You will immediately be recruited in the, army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to vdo and we shall divide the pay between us. This way both of us wili be able to live comfortably.”

The tall man gladly agreed. Together they reached the king’s palace and sent word to the king that a famous bowman was there to meet him. The king met the bowman and being impressed by his towering personality, joined him in the royal army. The little man’s dream had come true. He was now a part of the royal army, though disguised as the assistant of the big man.

In those days, there was a man-eater tiger on the loose in the jungle. The king sent for the big man and ordered him to kill the tiger. The big man told the little bowman what the king had said. They went to the forest together and soon, the little bowman shot the tiger dead. The king was extremely impressed by the heroic act of the big man and rewarded him with expensive gifts.

Some days, later, a wild elephant came on the city roads and started killing the people. The big man was asked to go and kill the elephant. The big man carried the little bowman on his shoulders and as always, the little bowman hit his target and killed the elephant.The king was full of praise for the big man and gave him a reward. The big man started treating the little man as his servant and spoke him Very rudely. The little bowmah was very sad.

A few days later, the king of the neighbouring country attacked the kingdom. The king at once sent his army. The big man was mounted on a majestic elephant and was wearing shining armour. The little bowman knew that the big man could not shoot, so he also took his bow and arrow and quietly sat behind the big man on the elephant.

When the big man saw a huge enemy army in front of him, he started to shake with fear. The little bowman asked him to keep sitting quietly, but the big man was so nervous that he jumped off the elephant and ran back to the city from the battle-field.

The little bowman led the elephant fearlessly into the battle-field and killed many of the enemies with his unmistakable shots. All the soldiers were motivated by the little man’s act of bravery and they soon forced the enemy army to withdraw, itself. The king now understood that it was the little bowman who was the real hero. He made ‘ him the chief of his army andalso rewarded him with rich gifts.

Talking Time

Language Function : Offering and asking for help:

Read the-following conversation between Gowtham and Sudha. Work in pairs.

Gowtham : Hello ! Sudha. What will you do tomorrow?
Sudha : I’ll work on my English project.
Gowtham : Shall I help you to complete your project work?
Sudha : I’ll be glad if you can.
Gowtham : Certainly, Sudha.
Sudha : Thank you very much.

Here are some examples for asking for help / offering help :

Asking for help	Offering help
Could you help me ………….. Would you mind ………….. Can you do me a small favour,.. Please ………….. Can you please lend me …………..	Can/May I help ………….. Would you like me to help you…. I will help you ………….. If you need any help, let me know…. Do you want me to help you …………..

Frame sentences to make offers using the words given and practice.
1) Cook the dinner (Shall) ___________________
2) Clean the floor (Can) ___________________
3) Cup of coffee (Would) ___________________
4) Do the shopping (Will) ___________________
5) Make some sandwiches (Would) ___________________
Answer:
Making Offers:

1. Shall I cook dinner for you?
2. Can I clean the floor?
3. Would you like me to give you a cup of coffee?
4. Would you like me to make some sandwiches for you?

Asking for Help:

1. Can you clean the floor for me?
2. Will you do’shopping for me?
3. Would you mind making some sandwiches for me?

Listening

Listen to the story and answer the questions that follow.

AN AUDACIOUS VILLAGE

Every country is protected by the armed forces like the army, the navy and the air force. If one wants to join the armed forces, one needs bravery and patriotism. You may have many professionals like engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc., in your locality. However it is rare to find people who work in the army from your area.

Madhavaram, called Military Madhavaram in West Godayari District, which is famous for sending men to serve in the armed services for centuries. Almost every household in the small village has at least one member serving in the armed forces.

During colonial rule, youth from the village flocked to the military and participated in major wars. Nearly 90 soldiers from this remote village participated in World War I and the figure rose up to 1,110 in World War II. Many soldiers from this village have laid down their lives.

Soldiers from the village have been a part of every war that independent India has fought. Many soldiers from this village sacrifice and guard the Indian frontiers. The girls in the village prefer to marry military men. The villagers, to commemorate the sacrifice and services of the soldiers, built a memorial for soldiers on the lines of New Delhi’s Amar Jawan. For many years, joining the Indian Armed Forces has remained the career of choice for the young men of the village.

Answer the following questions :
1. What qualities are required to join the Armed forces?
Answer:
Bravery and patriotism .

2. Whom do the girls in the village prefer to marry?
Answer:
Military men

3. How did the villagers commemorate the sacrifice made by the soldiers?
Answer:
By building memorials for soldiers on the lines of New Delhi’s Amar Jawan

4. How many World Wars are mentioned in the story?
Answer:
Two

5. What is Amar Jawan famous for?
Answer:
It is famous for building memorials for soldiers.

Study Skill

A. Study the following pie-chart and answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the pie chart about?
Answer:
The pie chart is about the recommended diet.

2. What is the percentage of vegetables in the diet recommended?
Answer:
18%

3. _______ occupied 9% of the diet recommended.
a) Vegetables
b) Grains
c) Other
Answer:
b) Grains

4. Which item occupies the highest percentage of our diet?
a) Protein
b) Fruit
c) Vegetables
(Note : The question is wrongly given in textbook. Hence, it has been changed for the convenience of students.)
Answer:
b) Fruit

5. Identify the true/false statement.
a) The percentage of fruit in our diet is 23%. (false)
b) Grains occupy the least perccentage of our diet. (false)
c) Vegetables occupy 18% share of our diet. (true)

B. Dictionary Entry

Fun Time

Look at the word ‘make’. By replacing the underlined letter ‘k’ in the word with r, l and t we can make new words like ‘mare, male, mate’ and so on. Now make at least three new words by replacing the letter underlined with any letter of your choice.
make – mare male mate
1) same – _______
2) poke – _______
3) robe – _______
4) sail – _______
5) bake – _______
Answer:

1. safe, sage, sake, sale, same, sane, sate, save
2. pole, pone, pope, pore, pose
3. rode, role, Rome, rope, rose, rote, rove
4. bail, fail, hail, jail, mail, nail, pail, rail,.sail, tail, vail, wail
5. babe, bade, bale, bane, bare, base

Riddles:

Here are some riddles for you to solve. (One is done for you.)
Ex. I am tall when I am young and 1 am short when I am old. What am I?
A. Candle

1) You walk into a room that contains a candle, a kerosene lamp, a match and a fireplace. What would you light first?
2) A man dies of old age on his 25th birthday. How is this possible?
3) What has many keys but can’t open, a single lock?
4) What is black when it is clean and white when it is dirty?
5) Where does today come before yesterday?
Answer:
1) A match
2) The man’s birthday falls on February 29.
(Or)
The man was born on February 29.
3) A piano
4) A blackboard
5) In the dictionary entries

Tongue Twisters:

Say them aloud.

1. Troubles never troubled Trouble, as he himself troubled troubles.
   Mine collected fine and wished to have wine but the shopkeeper closed at nine for fear of fine.
   Bumble often mumbles something to Rumble but the latter does not catch the matter as nothing matters to him.
   Mr. Will, prepared a will as he willed to inherit his paper mill to his daughter, Jill.
   Ms. Sind wound the bandage round the wound and soon unwound it as it was not wound properly around the wound.

The Brave Little Bowman Summary

Once upon a time, there lived a skillful archer in a city. Though he was short in ‘ height and had a crooked back, none could beat him in archery. One day he thought, “I am good enough to join the king’s army, but he would never take ine in because of my short stature and hunched back. I must look for someone tall and powerful, and then I can enter the king’s army as his .page.”

One day, the little bowman found the kind of man he was looking for. He “was a tall and powerful man and used to dig ditches to earn his living. The bowman approached him and said, “The days of your misery are over! I am the best archer of this country and worthy of being a part of the king’s royal army. But, I may get rejected because of my height and crooked back. So, 1 need your help. You will immediately be recruited in the army because of your physique and you can then introduce me to them as your assistant. I will do the work that you will be given to do and we shall divide the pay between us. This way both of us will be able to live comfortably.”

The tall man gladly agreed. Together-they reached the king’s palace and sent word to the king that a famous bowman was there to meet him. The, king met the bowman and being impressed by his towering personality, joined him in the royal army. The little man’s dream had come true. He was now a part of the royal army, though disguised as the assistant of the big man.

In those days, there was a man-eater tiger on the loose in the jungle. The king sent for the big man and ordered him to kill the tiger. The big man told the little bowman what the king had said. They went to the forest together and soon, the little bowman shot the tiger dead. The king was extremely impressed by the heroic act of the big man and rewarded him with expensive gifts.

Some days, later, a wild elephant came on the city roads and started killing the people. The big man was asked to go and kill the elephant. The big man carried the little bowman on his shoulders and as always, the little bowman hit his target and killed the elephant. The king was full of praise for the big man and gave him a reward. The big man started treating the little man as his servant and spoke him very rudely. The little bowman was very sad.

A few days later, the king of the neighbouring country attacked the kingdom. The king at once &ent his army. The big man was mounted on a majestic elephant and was wearing shining armour. The little bowman knew that the big man could not shoot, so he also took his bow and arrow and quietly sat behind the big man on the elephant.

When the big man saw a huge enemy army in front of him, he started to shake with fear. The little bowman asked him to keep sitting quietly, but the big man was so nervous that he jumped off the elephant and ran back to the city from the battle-field.

The little bowman led the elephant fearlessly into the battle-field and killed many of the enemies with his unmistakable shots. All the soldiers were motivated by the little man’s act of bravery and they soon forced the enemy army to withdraw itself. The king now understood that it was the little bowman who was the read hero. He made him the chief of his army and also rewarded him with rich gifts.

Meanings For Difficult Worps

crooked (adj) : bent,or twisted out of shape
ditch (n) : a narrow channel dug at the side of the road or field, to carry away water
earn a living (idiom) : to earn money needed for food and clothing
praise (v) : express warm approval or admiration
harsh (adj) : unkind, severe
bowman (n) : an archer
Your Majesty! (phrase) : the title used to speak to a king (Respected great king)
Your Highness! (phrase) : the title used to speak to a king (Respected great king)
mounted (adj) : riding an animal, typically a horse
warrior (n) : a brave or experienced soldier or fighter
skilled (adj) : having or showing the knowledge or ability
panic (n) : sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
put fear to rest (phrase) : to calm one’s fear
gave a cold shoulder (phrase) : tread in an unfriendly way
a bolt from the blue (phrase) : a sudden unexpected news
armed (adj) : carrying weapons to fight

A Fairy Song Poem

Over hill, over dale,
Thorough bush, thorough brier,
Over park, over pale,
Thorough flood, thorough fire !
I do wander everywhere,
Swifter than the moon’s sphere;
And I serve the Fairy Queen,
To dew her orbs upon the green;
The cowslips tall her pensioners be;
In their gold coats spots you see;
Those be rubies, fairy favours;
In those freckles live their savours;
I must go seek some dewdrops here,
And hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear. -By William Shakespeare

Appreciation of the Poem

A. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.

1. The fairy wanders _________
a) over the dale
b) over the hill
c) everywhere
Answer:
c) everywhere

2. The fairy is serving the Fairy Queen by dropping upon the green.
a) dewdrops
b) cowslips
c) rubies
Answer:
a) dewdrops

3. The fairy walks faster than the rotation of the
a) Fairy Queen
b) dewdrops
c) Moon
Answer:
c) Moon

4. The fairy wants to hang a in every cowslip’s ear.
a) dewdrops
b) ruby
c) pearl
Answer:
c) pearl

5. Who are the fairy queen’s pensioners?
a) cowslips
b) dew drops
c) orbs
Answer:
a) cowslips

B. Answer the following questions :

1. Where does the fairy wander?
Answer:
The fairy wanders over hills, dales, parks and pales and through bushes, briers, floods and fire.

2. How quickly does the fairy wander?
Answer:
He wanders faster than the moon.

3. Who does the fairy serve?
Answer:
The fairy serves the Fairy Queen.

4. What are the spots on the cowslips compared with ?
Answer:
The sports on the cowslips are compared with rubies.

5. Identify and write the other rhyming words in the poem:.
( E.g. dale – pale)
Answer:
brier – fire where – sphere
queen – green be – see
favours – savours here- ear

Check Point

A Fairy Song Summary

The poem ‘A Fairy Song’, refers to a fairy that serves his/her fairy queen. He/She spreads the dew on the flower everywhere he/she crosses. He/She wanders many places to do this work like hills, pales and so on.

The fairy flies over hill and open river valleys, through bushes and prickly plants, above parks and fences, through floods and fire.

The fairy travels everywhere faster than the moon revolves around the earth. The fairy serves the Fairy Queen.

The fairy works for the fairy queen and must deliver dewdrops (orbs here refers to the spherical shape of the drops) on the greenery around. This includes delivering dewdrops to the cowslips – a yellow flower with tall slender stems. The cowslips are therefore indebted to the fairy queen and therefore become her pensioners.

In their yellow gold petals being referred to as coats… thus personifying it in a way, you can see spots. The spots are red in colour and therefore look like rubies. If you have seen a cowslip, you will notice it has red spots in the centre. The poet says this is possible because of the favour the fairy does to the cowslips by delivering dew to them. The red spots are compared to freckles that appear at the peak of a cowslip’s life.

The fairy finally says that he/she must look for more dewdrops that have been compared to pearls so that he/she can hang them in every cowslip’s ear. Again this is a personification where the cowslip is given a human quality of having an ear that can be fashioned with a pearl.

A Fairy Song About the Poet

William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor often called the English National Poet and consid¬ered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. He was nicknamed The Bard of Avon. Shakespeare’s works include 38 plays, 2 narrative poems, and 154 sonnets and a variety of other poems. His plays like Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear are some of the finest works in those genres. Some of his works are studied as academic subjects at postgraduate level across the world. This poem (A Fairy Song) is

Meanings For Difficult Words

dale (n) : an open river valley (in a hilly area)
thorough (prep.) : old spelling of ‘through’
brier (n) : tangled mass of prickly plants / a thorny plant
pale (n) : a wooden strip forming part of a fence
wander (v) : move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment
swifter (adj) : faster
sphere (n) : range / ball / area
to dew her orbs (phr.) : In this poem, dew has been used as a verb which could mean to place ‘tiny drops (orbs) of water that form on cool surfaces at night, when atmospheric vapor condenses’
cowslips (n) : The cowslip is a yellow flower belonging to the primrose family. Its name comes from old English for cow dung, perhaps because the plant commonly grew amongst the manure in cow pastures.
pensioners (n) : followers/dependants
rubies (n) : red gemstones
favours (v) : to treat somebody better than you treat other people
freckles (n) : a small brownish spots (of the pigment melanin) on the skin
savours (v) : get enjoyment from; take pleasure in
dewdrops (n) : drops of dew

Language Devices in the Poem :
Hyperbole : Line 4 & Line 6
→ Thorough flood, thorough fire!
→ Swifter than the moon’s sphere

Personification : Line 14
And hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear
Simile : Line 6

The writer uses connective word ‘than’ in this line. The poet is comparing ‘swifter’ to the moon’s sphere.
→ Swifter than the moon’s sphere

SCERT AP 7th Class English Government Textbook Answers 3rd Lesson A Journey through the Hills and Valleys Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 3 Questions and Answers The Turning Point

7th Class English Unit 3 The Turning Point Textbook Questions and Answers

Loot at the picture and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where do you like to spend your holidays?
Answer:
I like to spend my holidays at my grandparents’ village.

Question 2.
What is your favourite place?
Answer:
My favourite place is Horsley Hills.

Question 3.
Have you ever been to the place which is shown in the picture?
Answer:
No. I haven’t.
(Or)
Yes, I have, I visited Papi Kondalu, a beautiful place with lushing greenery in December last year.

Question 4.
Share your experience based on the places you have visited/liked.
Answer:
I have visited some interesting places. Visiting such places gives us new energy. Such places are beautiful and have pleasant atmosphere.

Question 5.
Mention some tourist spots in your District.
Answer:
I belong to Guntur District. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Kondaveedu, Undavalli Caves, Kotappa Konda, Mangalagiri, Amaravathi, Krishna Barrage are some of the tourist spots in our district.

Reaping Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was the journey to the tribal area a memorable one to the author?
Answer:
The author has never experienced the most exciting moments of the train journey to Araku till then. For the first time in his life, the author saw the astounding tunnels, wonderful waterfalls, valleys, caves, and other natural beauties during the train journey. Pleasant and serene atmosphere, full of greenery, and the images of all the other scenic beauties gave him unforgettable and amazing experience. Hence, the author felt that his journey to the tribal area was a memorable one.

Question 2.
Which places did the author visit on his journey?
Answer:
The author visited the Borra Caves, Tyda Nature Camp, Araku Valley, Padmapuram Gardens, and Lambasingi during his journey.

Question 3.
How did the travellers enjoy the train journey?
Answer:
The train journey was by Vista dome coach which enables the passengers watch the scenery on both the sides of the train crossing many tunnes. It was a thrilling experience to the travellers.

Question 4.
What are the beautiful scenic places that the tourists visited in Lambasingi?
Answer:
Fenced towering hills, tall green trees and the Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary are the places visited by the tourists in Lambasingi.

Question 5.
How does the author describe the Ananthagiri hills?
Answer:
The Ananthagiri hills are full of coffee plantations and waterfalls,

Question 6.
How do the tribal people earn their living?
Answer:
The tribal people earn their living by selling the handicrafts, spices and products of their farming.

B. Choose the right option and write it in brackets.

1. The most favourable tinle to visit Araku is ….
a) from November to January
b) from June to August
c) from August to October
d) from October to December
Answer:
a) from November to January

2. Araku and Lambasingi are in the ……
a) Western Ghats
b) North Eastern Ghats
c) Eastern Ghats
d) East West Ghats
Answer:
c) Eastern Ghats

3. The dance performed by the tribes in Araku Is called ……
a) Savara
b) Dhimsa
c) Kuchipudi
d) Folk
Answer:
b) Dhimsa

4. Borra Caves are made of ……….
a) Karstic limestone
b) Chalk limestone
c) Tufa limestone
d) Coquina limestone
Answer:
a) Karstic limestone

5. Ananthagiri hills are popular for …….
a) waterfalls
b) flowers
c) coffee plantations
d) both ‘a’ and ‘c’
Answer:
d) both ‘a’ and ‘c’

C. Put the following sentences in the order of events.

1) We visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary
2) We enjoyed Dhimsa dance performed by women.
3) The tribal people were selling their handicrafts on the either side of the road.
4) We set off from Visakhapatnam to Borra.
5) The train passed above the Borra Caves.
Answer:
4) We set off from Visakhapatnam to Borra.
5) The train passed above the Borra caves.
3) The tribal people were selling their handicrafts on the either side of the road.
2) We enjoyed Dhimsa dance performed by women.
1) We visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary.

Vocabulary

A. Prepare a word map related to ‘forest products’.

Answer:

B. Look at the following words :
1. attraction
2. unknowing

1. The word ‘attraction’ consists of two parts, (root + suffix)
The root word is ‘attract’, suffix is ‘ion’.

2. The word ‘unknowing’ consists of two parts (prefix + root)
The prefix is ‘un’, root word is ‘knowing’.

Note : Suffixes come after the root word, Prefixes come before the root word.

Now complete the following table with appropriate prefixes/suffixes to the root words to make new words.
The first one is done for you.

Answer:

Prefix	Root	New Word
1) dis-	locate	dislocate
2) in-	experience	inexperience
3) im-	perfect	imperfect
4) dis-	like	dislike
5) un-	natural	unnatural

 

Root	Suffix	New Word
1) beauty	-ful	beautiful
2) permit	-ion	permission
3) continue	-ous	continuous
4) enjoy	-ment	enjoyment
5) green	-ery	greenery

Grammar

A. Locate the following sentences in the text.
1. It is a bird-lovers’ heaven and one of the best places to visit in Lambasingi.
2. It is the most beautiful and important hill station in Andhra Pradesh.

Here we can observe the word ‘best’ in the 1st sentence and ‘most’ in the 2nd sentence are superlative adjectives. Both the adjectives take definite article ‘the’ before them.

a) Now, find some more superlative adjectives from the text and write them in the place provided.
Eg. the longest
1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _________
Answer:
1. the largest
2. the best
3. the most exciting

Note : There are only three superlative adjectives in this lesson.

In previous classes, you might have learnt about adjectives that are expressed in three degrees, i.e. Positive, Comparative and Superlative.

B. Read the following statements. Label them with ‘P’ for Positive, ‘C’ for Comparative and ‘S’ for Superlative degree.

1. Borra Caves are the longest caves in Eastern Ghats.
2. The Krishna is longer than the Penna.
3. There are many big buildings in our town.
4. Iron is heavier than Silver.
5. Araku Valley is one of the most beautiful places.
6. The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world.
7. The horse does not run’so fast as the cheetah.
8. Australia is not so big as India.
9. There are many strong players in our team.
10. India is one of the largest countries in the world.
Answer:
1. Borra Caves are the longest caves in Eastern Ghats. (S)
2. The Krishna is longer than the Penna. (C)
3. There are many big buildings in our town. (P)
4. Iron is heavier than Silver. (C)
5. Araku Valley is one of the most beautiful places. (S)
6. The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world. (S)
7. The horse does not run so fast as the cheetah. (P)
8. Australia is not so big as India. (P)
9. There are many strong players in our team. (P)
10. India is one of the largest countries in the world (S)

C. Prepositions

Fill the blanks with the relevant words choosing from the box.

The train also passed _________ the Borra Caves. We got down _________ Borra Caves quarter to 10 am. The train journey _________ Visakhapatnam Borra Caves _________ made us speechless and gave an unforgettable experience.
Answer:
The train also passed above the Borra Caves. We got down at Borra Caves by quarter to 10 am. The train journey from Visakhapatnam to. Borra Caves made us speechless and gave an unforgettable experience.

The words which you have filled in the blanks are prepositions.

Prepositions are words that give the position of the nouns or the relationship between two nouns, two pronouns or a noun and a pronoun.

→ Prepositions of Place :
There are four Prepositions of Place.

1. “at” describes a specific point in space.
E.g.I am at the library.

2. “in” describes an enclosed space.
E.g. We live in Delhi.

3. “on ” describes an object’s relationship to a surface.
E.g. The cat is jumping on the table.

4. “by” describes an object’s nearness to other objects.
E.g. The boy stood by the window.

→ Prepositions of Direction :
Prepositions of direction indicate in which direction the object is moving.
Eg : above, across, along, around, behind, below, beside, over, through, toward, up, down, between, inside, in, near, under, into, onto
The train passed through the tunnel.
We walked along the road.
The boy ran up the hill.
The river runs between the hills.

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in the box.

1. Is your brother ……………….. the shop?
2. My father has returned his workplace.
3. A small stream runs ……………….. the bridge.
4. Prema fell ……………….. the floor.
5. A helicopter hovered ……………….. our house.
6. The cat jumped ……………….. the wall.
7. The rocket is going ……………….. the moon.
8. The flight ran ……………….. the runway.
9. Row your boat gently the stream.
10. The boy put the chocolate ……………….. his pocket.
Answer:

1. at
2. from
3. below
4. on
5. above
6. onto
7. towards
8. along
9. down
10. in

Writing

A. Write a paragraph using the hints given below.

On a holiday – went to Horsley Hills – with my family – great trip in my life – started journey – sunny day – excited about – Gali Bandalu – road was full of eucalyptus and sandalwood trees – extremely panoramic – Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary – Environ-mental Park, Mallamma Temple – worth seeing
Answer:
On a holiday 1 went to Horsely Hills along with my family. It was a great trip in my life. We started our journey on a sunny day. I was very excited to see the place. Gali Bandalu was a very nice place to see. On the way, the road was full of eucalyptus and sandal wood trees. The place was extremely panoramic. There, we visited Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary that sheltered many animals. There was an Environmental Park which was very pleasant. Mallamma Temple was worth seeing.

B. Write a letter to your friend about your visit to a tourist place in summer holidays.
Answer:

Chittoor. 7.9.2021.Dear Shreyan, I am well here and l hope the same with you. 1 hope you are spending your summer vacation happily. Recently I visited Horsely Hills along with my family and I enjoyed it a lot.Last Sunday, I went to Horsely Hills along with my family. It was a great trip in my life. We started our journey on a sunny day. I was very excited to see the place. Gali Bandalu was a very nice place to see. On the way. the road was full of eucalyptus and sandal wood trees. The place was extremely panoramic. There, we visited Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary that sheltered many animals. There was an Environmental Park which was very pleasant. Mallamma Temple was worth seeing.Convey my regards to all.Yours lovingly, Mokshitha

Listening

Listen to the following text:

Travelling gives you many wonderful experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand different cultures. It’s so exciting. I love plaonmgtrips and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes, I like to plan everything in advance, my flights, hotels, and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no hotel reservation and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in hostels and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like’ to visit places that are off the beaten track. Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.

Listen to the text again and tick the correct options.

Travelling gives you many ___(1)___ (wonderful/worst) experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to ___(2)___ (understand/ misunderstand) different cultures. It’s so exciting. I ___(3)___ (love / dislike ) planning trips and doing some research on the country or countries 1 want to visit. Sometimes, I like to plan ___(4)___ (nothing/everything) in advance, my flights, hotels and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no __(5)___ (hotel reservations/ room reservations) and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in ___(6)___ (railway stations/hostels) and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the beaten ___(7)___ (track/truck). Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.
Answer:
Travelling gives you many wonderful (wonderful / worst) experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand (understand/misunderstand) different cultures. It’s so exciting. I love (love/dislike) planning trips and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes, 1 like to plan everything (nothing/everything) in advance, my flights, hotels, and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no hotel reservations (hotel reservations/room reservations)and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in hostels (railway stations/hostels) and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the beaten track (track/truck). Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists is not my cup of tea.

Talking Time

1. Already, you have read the Travelogue ‘A Journey through the Hills and Valleys’. You may have such beautiful places in your locality too. Using the following language functions share your likes and dislikes with your friend.

Language Function

Expressing Likes	Expressing Dislikes
Eg : I really enjoy the trip. I’m very fond of… Wow/Lovely! I’m crazy about ………….. is wonderful/ really good … is one of my favourites	Eg : I don’t think all the hill region is enjoyable. I’m sorry, but I don’t like it at all It’s absolutely terrible/awful I’m afraid 1 dislike/ don’t like …….. I specially dislike …….. I don’t like ………….

Answer:
Expressing Likes:
I’m very fond of watching the garden with flowers.
Wow! It is a wonderful lake!
Lovely! This garden makes me joyful.
I am crazy about watching the waterfalls.
The red hills are really good.
The old fort is wonderful.
The fishing harbour is one of my favourites.

Expressing Dislikes:
I’m sorry, but I don’t like this garden at all.
It’s absolutely terrible to watch the monkey here in this park.
I’m afraid I don’t like the terrible snow here.
I specially dislike the cold weather here.
I don’t like to visit the rocky places.

Project

Collect the list of tourist places in your district. Write a small description about the places by collecting relevant pictures. Display the pictures and the information in your classroom.
Answer:
Tourist Places in Srikakulam District :
1) Arasavilli :
Arasavilli is near Srikakulam. The attraction of this temple is that the sun rays enter the main temple and touch the feet of main deity in the temple twice every year – in March and October.

2) Kalingapatnam :
This is a historical commercial port center. River Vamsadhara merges into Bay of Bengal here. Darga Sharif, Sheikh Madina Aqulin are the major attractions here. There is also a light house that is visible up to 23 kilometers.

3) Baruva :
This is another popular tourist spot in Srikakulam district. River Mahendra Tanaya merges in the sea here. There are Kotilingeswara Swamy temple, Janardhana Swamy temples here. Once this was an important port.

4) Ponduru :
Ponduru is famous for the Khadi clothes that are made here.

5) Mandasa :
This village lies at the foothills of Mahendragiri and there is Varaha Swamy temple here. The fort in Mandasa is said to be one of the highest forts in India.

6) Kaviti is at a distance o 130 kilometers from Srikakulam. This is called another Konaseema. There are temples of Chintamani Maata and Sri Seetarama Swamy.

7) Telineelapuram reminds us of Siberia birds. Every September, Pelican and Painted Stork birds reach Telineelaapuram and return back to their places in April.

8) Mogadaalapaadu beach :
This is located in the Gara mandal of Srikakulam district. This is the most visited beach after Kalingapatnam in this district. This is at a distance of twenty kilometers from Srikakulam town. There is a 200 meter long bridge that is built into the sea. Thousands of people come here to take bath during auspicious days.

★ Tourist Places in East Godavari District:

1. Annavaram is a popular temple in East Godavari district. The presiding deity here is Sri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Swamy. Thousands of devotees visit the temple every day.
2. Draksharamam has a temple for Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and this is also one of the Shaktipeethams.
3. Kumaraaraamam is in Samalkota, East Godavari district. Presiding deity here is Someswara along with Balatripura Sundari. Samalkota is 60 km away from Rajahmundry.
4. Antarvedi is another religious place in the district. This is where Godavari meets the sea. There is a temple for Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy and this is also one of the famous tourist places.
5. Maredumilli is at a distance of 80 kilometers from Rajahmundry. There is Jalatarangini waterfall nearby which is an attraction.
6. Papikondalu is another very famous tourist attraction.
7. Kadiyam is famous for its plant nurseries. Many types of flowers and plants are , created here. This is at a distance of only ten kilometers from Rajahmundry.
8. Dindi resorts are located at a place where River Godavari meets the sea. This place is near Rajol and house boats are additional attraction of this place.

★ Tourist Places in Nellore District:

1. Satish Dhawah Shah Center is one of the popular Nellore district tourist places. This internationally famous rocket launching center is in Srihari Kota in Sullurpet.
2. Somasila Dam is also a tourist spot. The dam was built on River Penna. There is Someswara temple here.
3. Kandaleru River’s birth place was’Veligondala Mountains and a darn is built on the river at Chillaturu. This is the biggest mud dam in the word with a capacity to store 68 TMC water.
4. Krishnapatnam port is going to be biggest port in Asia and is in Muttkuru mandal in Nellore district.
5. Pulicot River is a naturally formed second salt water river. This is spread in an area of 600 square kilometers in the state borders of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. More than fifty lakh birds from various countries ccwne here every year during October to March.
6. Udayagiri fort has more than thousand years of history and stands still even now in ruins. The fort built on the hill is spread in 35 km and is believed to have 365 temples.
7. Pallipadu Gandhi Ashram is on the banks of River Penna in Indukurupeta. This stands as an evidence for history. This is at a distance of 9 kilometers in the east from Nellore.

★ Tourist Places In Guntur District:

1. Kotappakonda is in the Narasaraopet constituency. It is located at a distance of 15 kilometers from Narasaraopet and is 60 kilometers away from district headquarters. Lord Shiva here is called Dakshinamurthy.
2. Undavalli caves,’the world popular caves’are located in Undavalli village in Tadepalli Mandal. These historical caves date back to 2 nd and 3 rd AC. It is believed that Vishukudina king Govindaraja Varma built these for Buddhist monks. The Anantasayana Sri Mahavishnu temple in these caves is very beautiful.
3. Bhavani Island is spread in Krishna River on the borders of Guntur and Krishna districts. AC cottages and tree cottages are available for tourists.
4. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is at a distance of 25 kilometers from Macherla.
5. Amaravati is the first in the five Pancharamas and the deity here is called Amareswara’ This is at a distance of 35 kilometers from Guntur. Accommodation is available for devotees. Dhyana Buddha project is being built here. There is also an archeological museum and many ancient temples in this small village.

★ Tourist Places in Vizianagaram District:

1. Vizianagaram fort: One of the main attractions of Vizianagaram district is the Fort. ConstructiQn of this fort was begun in the year 1713 by Vizianagaram kings. Before that, they lived in a mud fort in Kumili.
2. Ganta sthambham or clock tower is another attraction in Vizianagaram. This 68 feet high pillar was built by Anandagajapati Raju with an expense of Rs. 5,4000. it has clocks on four sides. Duripg Second World War, a siren was set up in this. Earlier there were steps to reach the 5th floor but now they are in ruins.
3. Chintapalli beach is one of the most visited tourist spots in Vizianagaram district. The lighthouse, big stones in the sea are main attractions here.
4. Taatipudi Reservoir: Boating is the main attraction here. This is situated 12 kilometers from Vizianagaram town. Cottages of forest department are also available here.
5. Paiditalli temple is another attraction in this district. Sirimaanotsavam is an event that attracts thousands of devotees.

★ Tourist Places in West Godavari District:

1. Kolleru Lake is spread in nearly 700 kilometers. Many birds from other countries migrate* to this place during October and May months.
2. Dwaraka Tirumala temple is popular as ‘Chinna or Small Tirupati’ thousands of ‘ devotees visit this temple. All facilities are available here for the devotees.
3. Papikondalu is another tourist attraction in the district.
4. Perupalem beach in Mogalturu mandal is being developed as a tourist spot.
5. Rajabahadur fort in Mogalturu is standing as a symbol of lost graduer. This fort was built by Kalidindi kings two hundred years ago, according to historical evidence.
6. Guntupalli in Kamavarapukota has Buddhist caves. Buddhist monks from even foreign countries visit this place.

★ Tourist Places in Visakhapatnam District:

• Kailasagiri :
Kailasagiri hills are spread in around 350 acres and beautiful park is developed here. Water fountains, microwave repeater station, flower clock and Titanic View point mesmerize the visitors. There are huge idols of Shiva and Parvathi. Special attractions of Kailasagiri are the ropeway and the circular train.

• Ramakrishna beach :
Ramakrishna beach is very suitable to get relaxed. There is a Kalimata temple nearby which is a must see place for the tourists.

• Kurumpam tomb :
This tomb is built in the memory of Kurumpam queen. This is popualr as Taj Mahal of Visakha.

• Submarine museum :
This is the first of its kind in Asia and second in the world. Kurusura Submarine museum is located near Ramakrishna beach.

• Rishikonda beach :
This is at a distance of 8 kilometers from Visakhapatnam and is a place to be visited. Twelve AP tourism cottages are avilable here for the tourists.

• Totlakonda is 15 kilometers away from Visakhapatnam and is 128 kilometers above the sea level.
• Simhachalam is 16 kilometers away form Visakhapatnam city. It has nearly six hundred years of history. Devotees believe that Narasimha Swamy resides on this hill. Thousands of devotees visit this temple every day.
• Nukambika temple is at a distance of 36 kilometers from Visakhapatnam. Devotees. yome to visit this temple from Odhisha, Maharashtra and Karnataka districts also.

★ Tourist Places in Krishna District:

1. Kondapalli is one of the Krishna district tourist attraction places. This lies between Nandigama and Vijayawada towns. Kondapalli is famous for the wooden toys. The toys are made with a special wood got from the trees grown in this area.
2. Kanaka Durga temple is on the hills of Indrakeelaadri in Vijayawada. Lakhs of devotees
   visit the temple every year. It is said that Arjuna did penance for Lord Shiva on this hill. ‘
3. World popular Kuchipudi village is also in this district.
4. Kolleru lake is also located in this’district and the Pelicon birds can be seen here.
5. Hamsala Deevi is another tourist attraction. This village is in Koduru mandal. River Krishna merges in Bay of Bengal near this village. This place is very beautiful.
6. Prakasam barrage is another attraction of Vijayawada. The barrage is constructed at the foothill of Indrakeeladri. It was constructed in the year 1957.
7. Bapu Museum has more than hundred years of history. The museum was launched in the year 1887. There are many artefacts including those used by early men.

Tourist Places in Kurnool District:
• Srisailam :
It is located at 180 kms from Kurnool and 210 kms from Hyderabad an altitude of over 1500 ft. above the sea level in the picturesque natural environment in the Northernmost part of the Nallamalas hill range. The temple at Srisailam is the ancient and sacred place of South India. The presiding deity of the place is Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Swamy in natural stone formations in the shape of Lingam and is listed as one of the twelve Jyotirlingams existing in the country.

• Mahanandi :
Mahanandiswara temple in Mahanandi mandal is a reputed pilgrim center and that dates back to the 7th century A.D. It is located at a distance of 14 kms from Nandyal and 80 kms from Kurnool., It is a scenic spot having its location to the east of the Nallamalas hill range in a natural set up of ravishing beauty surrounded by thick forest. The remarkable feature here is the crystal clear water which flows throughout the year from perennial springs. The festival of Mahanandiswara is celebrated during February- March. Pilgrims and tourists from all parts of India particularly South Indians visit this place throughout the year.

• Ahobilam :
It is a great religious center of antiquity and is situated at a distance of 68 Kms. from Nandyal, 28 Kms. From Allagadda and 160 Kms from Kurnool.

• Manthralayam :
Mantralayam is situated on the banks of river Tungabhadra and lying 90 kms from Kurnool. It derived its importance form the Jeevasamadhi of Madhva Saint Sri Raghavendra Swamy.

• Yaganti :
Yaganti lies at a distance of 11 kms from Banganapally and §0 kms from Kurnool situated admist natural scenery with caves and waterfalls around. The presiding deity is Uma Maheswara Swamy popularly known as Yaganti Swamy.

• Belum Caves :
Beliim Caves are located near Belum village, Kolimigundla mandal in Kurnool district. The Caves lie at a distance of 110 kms from Kurnool via Banaganapalli.

After a distance of 20 meters at the entrance, the cave is horizontal and has a length , of 3229 meters. Longer than Borra Caves in Vizag district, Belum Caves have long passages, spacious chambers fresh water galleries and siphons.

• Rolla Padu Sanctuary :
The Rolla Padu Sanctuary is located in Midthur mandal and about a distance of 60 kms from Kurnool. Apart from a wide variety birds and animals, this sanctuary is renowned as one of the last refuges of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (Batta Meka Pitta), which is a heavy Ground Bird like a young ostrich or peahen.

• Orvakallu Rock Garden :
A Magical Place – Amidst the Wonder of Nature: Orvakallu is an adventure destination unlike any other. Andhra Pradesh Tourism has identified the grandeur of these formations and has set up a 1000 acre park with the fabulous igneous rock formations as the centre of attraction.

• Bramham Gari Matham-Banaganapalli :
Banaganapalli is 85 kms away frftm Kurnool. Veera Bramham is well known saint in this region. He lived in this area written “Kalagnanam” on palm leaves. Garimireddy Achamma has provided shelter to Veera Bramham and became his disciple. He worked as a Gopala in her house. Chintamani Matham and Nelamatham are famous in this town, Banaganapalli is famous for Mango Gardens.

★ Tourist Places in Y.S.R. Kadapa District:

Gandikota Fort :
Belonging to the 13th century, Gandikota Fort is one of the most important tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh. The architecture is inspired by Vijayanagar style and Quli Qutb style. The fort houses an expansive palace, temple and a mosque.

Ontimitta :
Those who visit Kadapa do not miss visiting Ontimitta, which has the famous Sri Kodandarama Swami Temple. The idols of three Hindu gods in the temple are carved off a single rock.

Ameen Peer Dargah :
Ameen Peer Dargah was constructed by Sufi Saint Peerullah Hussaini in the year 1683. The Dargah is visited by people who follow various faiths and hence it stands as a symbol of harmony that crosses all man made barriers.

Pushpagiri :
Pushpagiri is a beautiful place, which is considered sacred as it has many temples and a favourite pilgrimage centre.

Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary :
Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the important tourist attractions here. The sanctuary is a home to over 100 species of birds and 1500 varieties of plants.

Sidhout Fort :
Sidhout Fort is located on Pennar River banks. The fort was constructed in the year 1303 AD and it covers a massive 30-acre land. The two gateways with embellished pillars stand proof of the architectural splendor of the bygone era.

★ Tourist Attractions in Anantapur District:

1. Bugga Ramalingeswara temple in Tadipatri is called the second Varanasi.
2. Puttaparti is another religious place in Anantapur district.
3. Veerapuram is another important Anantapur Tourist Place for bird lovers. Birds from as far as Siberia come here every year and the villagers look after them as their guests. Painted stork is one important guest here.
4. Lepakshi temple is another important tourist spot in the district. There is a large Nandi sculpture that looks real. It is 15 feet high and 27 feet long.
5. There are many historical structures in Penugonda. It was the second capital of Sri Krishna Devaraya.

Tourist Places in Chittoor District:

Chandagiri Fort :
This was the 4th capital of Vijayanagar empire. Rayas shifted their capital here when Golconda sultans attacked Penukonda. In 1646 eventually the fort was annexed by the Sultans and subsequently fell under the Kingdom of Mysore. The Raja Mahal Palace is now an archaeological museum. The palace is an example of Indo-Sarcen architecture from Vijayanagar period.

Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple, Tirumala :
The Tirupati Balaji temple is placed about 120 KM east of Chittoor town. This temple is dedicated to Lord Sri Venkateswara, an incarnation of Vishnu, who is believed to have appeared here to save mankind from trials and troubles of Kali Yuga.

Horsley Hills :
Horsley Hills or Horsley Konda is a series of hills in the Madanapalle taluk of Chittoor district. it’s about 150 KM west of Chittoor town. Over the years Horsely Hills has become one of the leading tourist spots of Andhra Pradesh and its fondly called today as ‘Andhra’s Ooty’.

Kailasakona Waterfalls :
The falls is situated in Nagari Valley, about 72 KM East of Chittoor. This is a perennial waterfalls with an interesting story behind them. Legend has it that Lord Kailasanatheshwara performed the marriage of Lord Venkateshwara Swami and Goddess Padmavati here.

★ Tourist Places in Prakasam District:

1. Bhairavakona Temple :
Bhairavakonda(Bhairavakona) is about 150 kilometres from Ongole and is famous for many rock-cut temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and many other Hindu deities. Most of these temples are in ruins and date back to the 7th and 8th centuries. The architectural style of temples is similar to the temples that were constructed during the Pallava Dynasty.

2. Markapur Chennakesava :
Chennakesava Swamy temple is a famous pilgrimage centre at Markapur in Prakasam district.

3. Tripurantakam :
Located at 40 km from Markapur and 93 km from Ongole, it’s a well known place of pilgrimage. This is the site of the Tripuranta Keswara Swamy temple situated on a hilltop.

4. Singarakonda Anjaneya swamy Temple :
There are two things which Singarakonda is known for. One of them is that Lord Hanuman is located on the bank of Bhavanasi lake at the bottom of the hill Singarakonda and the second is that there is one Sri Lakshminarasimha Swamy temple located on the hilltop.

5. Kottapatnam Beach :
The beach lines the coast of Bay of Bengal and runs along several kilometres. The beach is popular for picnic and serves as a recreational spot.

Fun Time

Poem to enjoy

A pin had a head but has no hair
A clock has a face but no mouth there
Needles have eyes but they cannot see
A fly has a trunk without lock or key
A timepiece may lose but cannot win
A corn field dimples without chin
Rivers run though they have no feet
A saw has feet but it does not run
Ash trees have keys yet never a lock
And a baby crpws without being a cock

Think and match the following.

1) bottle – teeth
2) tree – tongue
3) shoe – neck
4) comb – spine
5) flame – nose
6) hammer – trunk
7) aeroplane – head
8) book – sole
Answer:
1) bottle → neck
2) tree → trunk
3) shoe → sole
4) comb → teeth
5) flame → tongue
6) hammer → head
7) aeroplane → nose
8) book → spine

A Journey through the Hills and Valleys Summary

The speaker of the lesson describes his visit to the Eastern Ghats. The speaker and his friends started from Visakhapatnam by train (Vistadome coach) to Borra Caves. The train journey to Borra Caves was by a Vista dome coach through 58 tunnels. They watched a waterfall during their train journey to Borra Caves. It was an unforgettable experience for them and they reached the place at 9.40 a.m.

Borra Caves :
The Borra Caves are the largest caves in the country. They are located 705 metres above the sea level. They enjoyed the chilled weather and the echo of shouts of visitors. They watched the forest products and handicrafts sold by the tribal people. ‘

Tyda Nature Camp :
Around 2. p.m. they reached Tyda Nature Camp. This place has facilities for rock climbing, trekking, bird watching and target shooting with bow and arrows. They enjoyed the serene atmosphere of the place. They left for Araku Valley which is called the Andhra Ooty. It is a monumental vacation spot in Andhra Pradesh. They enjoyed the taste of coffee there. They visited the Tribal Museum which exhibits the handicrafts, ornaments and dresses used by the tribal people. The yellow flowers at the spot is a wonderful feast for the eyes.

Padmapuram Gardens :
Padmapurarrf Garden is built in 26 acres and they watched the entire place in Araku Express, the toy train. They stayed at Araku at night. There they enjoyed a camp fire and Dhimsa performed by 12 to 16 women while men beating the drums.

Lambasingi:
Lambasingi is known for the snowfall with a record the lowest temperature in Andhra Pradesh. It is a perfect place to enjoy winter season. After breakfast, they visited Kondakarla Bird Sanctuary, one of the best places of visit. They watched many kinds of birds there.

Having lunch at Narsipatnam, they started to Visakhapatnam in their hired vehicle and reached in the evening. The entire journey was a memorable and adventurous experience in their life.

Meanings For Difficult Words

valley (n) : an elongated depression of the earth’s surface usually between ranges of hills
tunnel (n) : a covered passage way
exciting (adj) : thrilling
astounding (adj) : amazing, astonishing
Vista dome coach (n) : a glass-top coach which enables the passengers watch the outside scenery
spellbound (adj) : mesmerised
manifested (adj) : evident
magnificence (n) : glory / spender
concrete jungles : town areas where houses are built with cement
serene (adj) : peaceful
sumptuous (adj) : luxurious/rich; delicious
exhausted (adj) : extremely tired
brimming (v) : overflow
monumental (adj) : highly significant/very great
phenomenon (n) : an observable event
ceremonial (adj) : ritual; formal
auspicious (adj) : favourable; encouraging
survive (v) : live
intense (adj) : severe
adventurous (adj) : daring
expensive (adj) : costly

Gandikota – The Grand Canyon of India

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Write one of the interesting things from this news article.
Answer:
The information about the Gandikota Fort impressed me a lot. The wall guarding the fort is a great construction. The wall has a five-mile perimeter.

Question 2.
What is the right time to visit Gandikota? Why?
Answer:
The best time to visit this place is between September and February, as the weather during this time is comparatively pleasant.

B. Read the following and say whether they are true/false.

1. Gorges are formed because of rock erosion over a long period of time.
2. A five-mile perimeter wall around Gandikota Fort is constructed to protect it.
3. Gandikota, the Grand Canyon of India, is only one such a place in the world.
4. Gandikota is an example of artificial architecture.
5. Gandikota can only be reached by road.
Answer:

1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. false

Check Point

Gandikota – The Grand Canyon of India Summary

Gandikota has come to be known as the Hidden Grand Canyon of India. It is lo-cated in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh. It resembles the Grand Canyon, Arizona, US. There are many astounding areas that are alluring to the visitors in and around Gandikota. ‘Gandi’ means ‘Canyon’ and ‘Kota’ means ‘Fort’. The village nearby this area is known to tye Gandikota. Gandikota was the seat of power for many ancient dynasties, ever since its discovery by Kakatiya Raja, a subordinate of the then Chalukya ruler.

The Fort, having a five-mile perimeter wall guarding it, is one of the favourite tourist hotspots. This fort has an impressive history as it was once the undefeatable stronghold of its time. It is very exciting to walk along the fort’s wall and spend a few moments by the serene river. A trip to this place is worthy. The best tinje to visit this place is between September and February, as the weather during this time is comparatively pleasant. There are several other attractions and things to do in Gandikota like kayaking, rock climbing, trekking and rappelling. Surely you can enjoy watching stars at night. The granary, prison etc are the special attractions here. You can also visit Mylavaram Dam nearby and do some boating in the serene waters of the reservoir. You can also visit the Belum Caves which is India’S largest and the longest natural cave system, the Owk Reservoir and Banaganapalle.

Meanings For Difficult Words

architecture (n) : any particular style of building design
astounding (adj) : surprisingly impressive
allure (v) : extremely attractive
adorned (v) : made more beautiful
serene (adj) : calm and peaceful
appealing (adj) : attractive or interesting
quirky (adj) : unusual
gushing (v) : flow out of something in a rapid and plentiful stream

SCERT AP 7th Class English Textbook Answers 2nd Lesson The Turning Point Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 2 Questions and Answers The Turning Point

7th Class English Unit 2 The Turning Point Textbook Questions and Answers

Observe the following picture and respond.

Question 1.
Guess the characters in the picture.
Answer:
The characters in the picture are a wise man and common man.

Question 2.
How do you think are they related to each other?
Answer:
The man with beard was a guru and the other man was a disciple.

Question 3.
Why did the young man meet the other person?
Answer:
The young man met the other person to take his advice.

Question 4.
What is the man with a beard saying?
Answer:
The man with a beard is saying something good.

Question 5.
Why do we listen to persons?
Answer:
We listen to persons to get good advice out of their experience.

Questions Given in the Lesson

Possible answers to the questions given in the middle of the lesson :

Question 1.
Who is your favourite teacher? What do you like about him/her? Which topic fascinated you the most in his/her class?
Answer:
Our science teacher is my favourite teacher.! like her way of explaining things and her way of treating the children. Almost all the topics taught by her fascinate me the most.

Question 2.
What do you want to become in your life?
Answer:
I want to become a doctor/an engineer/a teacher in my life.

Question 3.
How do you feel when you see birds flying in groups?
Answer:
It is really a wonderful sight to see. I feel thrilled at the sight of the birds’ flight in groups.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did Kalam take up the job as a newspaper boy?
Answer:
At the time of the Second World War, all the resources were scarce and the prices were not affordable. So, Kalam took up the job as a newspaper boy.

Question 2.
What was Kalam curious about?
Answer:
Kalam was curious about planes. He wanted to be a pilot himself.

Question 3.
Which topic did Shri Siva Subrahmania Iyer discuss one day in the class?
Answer:
The topic that Shri Siva Subrahmania Iyer discussed one day in the class was ‘how birds fly’.

Question 4.
Where did the teacher take the whole class to explain the concept of bird’s flight?
Answer:
The teacher took the whole class to the seashore to explain the concept of bird’s flight.

Question 5.
What was the turning point in Kalam’s life? Explain.
Answer:
The Kalam teacher’s lesson on bird’s flight was the turning point in his life.

Question 6.
When was Kalam honoured with the Bharat Ratna?
Answer:
In 1997, Kalam was honoured with the highest civilian award the Bharat Ratna.

B. Arrange the following sentences in the order they occurred in the story.

1. Abdul Kalam decided to study aeronautical engineering.
2. The photos of fighter aircrafts and the stories of the Second World War caught my attention.
3. In 2002 he was elected the 11th President of India.
4. Siva Subrahmania Iyer took the whole class to the seashore.
5. Kalam felt what he had learnt that day changed his life.
Answer:
2. The photos of fighter air crafts and the stories of the Second World War caught my attention.
4. Siva Subrahmania Iyer took the whole class to the seashore.
5. Kalam felt what he had learnt that day changed his life.
1. Abdul Kalam decided to study aeronautical engineering.
3. In 2002 he was elected the 11th President of India.

C. Read the following statements. Answer ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F).
1. Sri Siva Subramania Iyer, sowed the seeds of vision.
2. One day Kalam taught about the bird’s flight.
3. Sri Subramania Iyer took the students to the airport to show the flying of aeroplanes.
4. Sri Kalam took up computer engineering at Madras institute of Technology
5. Sri Subramania Iyer ignited young minds.
Answer:

1. True
   False
2. False
3. False
4. True

Correct the false statements and rewrite them in the space provided.
Answer:
2. One day Kalam was taught about the bird’s flight.
3. Sri Subramania Iyer took the students to the seashore to show the flying of birds.
4. Sri Kalam took up aeronautical engineering at IIT, Madras.

Vocabulary

A. Other forms of the words
Read the following sentences from the text.

1. The prices were not affordable.
2. It was usually filled with the photos of fighter aircrafts.

Look at the underlined words in the above sentences. The word ‘affordable’ comes from the root word ‘afford’ and the word ‘usually’ comes from the root word ‘usual.’

Identify’ the other forms of the following words used in the lesson ‘The Turning Point’.

Answer:

B. Compound Adjectives

Read the following sentences.

My curiosity was fulfilled by a very special teacher when I was a ten-year-old boy in Class V. This was indeed a life-changing event.

In the above sentence the words “ten”, “year” and “old” and “life” and “ changing” are combined using a hyphen (-) and is made into a single adjective called compound adjective. Compound adjectives can be formed by bringing two different words to¬gether with a hyphen.

E.g. five-day, smart-looking, old-fashioned, short-haired

Match the following words in Set -A with Set – B to make coi lpound adjectives and write them in the space given.

Set-A	Set-B	Compound Adjective
absent	aged	absent-minded
middle	hearted	middle-aged
well	behaved	well-behaved
brand	minded	brand-new
kind	new	kind-hearted

Fill in the blanks with the compound adjectives you have made.

1. Kalarn was one of the ………….. boys in his class.
2. The ………… girl helped the old man to cross the road.
3. Mohan who is an ………… person, forgot his wallet at the cash counter.
4. Murali bought a …………. car.
5. The ………… man who is standing at the gate, is my uncle.
Answer:

1. well-behaved
2. kind-hearted
3. absent-minded
4. brand-new
5. middle-aged

C. Compound Words

When you read the lesson ‘The Turning Point’ you might have come across the following words.

“newspaper”, “seashore”,” sunset”

These words are formed when two or more words are joined together to create a new word, that has entirely new meaning.

Try and make compound words with the following words. You are free to add a word either to the left or right of the given words. One is done for you.

E.g.: House – housekeeper, storehouse
1. Hand 2. Room 3. Pot 4. Butter 5. Box
Answer:
1) hand : handmade, firsthand, handshake, handprint, handicraft
2) room : roommate, classroom, bedroom .
3) pot : pothole, teapot, inkpot, pothead, potluck
4) butter : buttermilk, butterfish, peanut butter
5) box : gearbox, toolbox, mailbox

Make more compound words and have fun.

Compound Words:
bedroom, airport, anybody, backbone, background, cardboard, commonwealth, daybreak, earthquake, fireproof, grandchildren, headache, inside, jackpot, keyboard, layout, moonlight, newsreader, overcoat, passbook, playground, scarecrow, talebearer, understimate, warehouse, etc.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the help box to make a compound word. One is done for you.
E.g. moon light house
(Moonlight and lighthouse are two different compound words with the same word ‘light’.)

Help Box
light
cover
sugar
fisher
land
paper
1. Cane sugar candy
2. News paper bag
3. Pillow cover story
4. King fisher man
5. Grass land mark
Answer:
1) canesugar, sugarcandy
2) newspaper, paperbag
3) pillowcover, coverstory
4) kingfisher, fisherman
5) grassland, landmark

Grammar

The Present Perfect Tense vs The Simple Past Tense :
Look at the following sentences from the text.
1) That evening he took all of us to the seashore.
2) I chose physics.
3) This was indeed a life-changing event.
4) Kalam dedicated his achievements to all his teachers.

The above sentences denote the actions completed in the past. Hence, the verb is in simple past tense.

Identify at least five verb forms used in the simple past tense from the text.
Answer:

1. caught (Irregular Verb)
2. manoevured (Regular Verb)
3. belonged (Regular Verb)
4. grew (Irregular Verb)
5. drew (Irregular Verb) 6. explained (Regular Verb)
6. understood (Irregular Verb)
7. asked (Regular Verb)
8. needed (Regular Verb) 10. opted (Regular Verb)

Exercise – 1

Fill in the blanks with past form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Sankar …………… (join) the bank last month.
2. Where …………… (be) you yesterday?
3. Fathima …………… (pass) the intermediate exam in 2016.
4. Indian Cricket team …………… (win) the trophy in 2017.
5. Leena …………… (write) her examinations and …………… (go) home immediately.
Answer:

1. joined
2. were
3. passed
4. won
5. wrote, went

Already we have discussed ‘present perfect tense’ in unit-1.

Present perfect tense denotes the action that began in the past and continuous to the present time.

We write present perfect tense with the markers like ‘just, yet, etc. (adverbs of time).

We write past tense with the markers like yesterday, last week/month/…, ago, etc.

Exercise – 2

Adverbs of time used with present perfect tense

Fill in the blanks with Adverbs of Time :
1. Is Mr. Ravi at home?
No, he …………… left for work.

2. When does the train to Kakinada arrive?
It has …………… left.

3. The Chief Guest hasn’t arrived …………… .
4. I have lived in Vijayawada …………… a long time.
5. I have lived in Delhi …………… 2004.
6. Have you been to a circus?
Answer:
1. Is Mr. Ravi at home?
No, he already left for work.

2. When does the train to Kakinada arrive?
It has just left.

3. The Chief Guest hasn’t arrived yet.
4. I have lived in Vijayawada for a long time.
5. I have lived in Delhi since 2004.
6. Have you ever been to a circus?

Writing

A. You have read the text ‘The Turning Point’. The stories of the World War and the inspiring teachings of his teacher Sri Siva Subramania Iyer acted as a turning point of Kalam’s life.
Now prepare a script for a speech on the turning point in the life of Abdul Kalam and present it on the Teachers’ Day in your school.
Answer:
Respected Headmaster, teachers and other staff, Happy Teachers’ Day to all of you. It is a great privilege for me to be here to speak about the turning point in Kalam’s life.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam always used to say he would like to be remembered as a teacher. When he became the President in 2002, he made no compromise on his passion for teaching. He grabbed every opportunity to teach students, especially children, wherever he went.

His curiosity grew in science because of a very special teacher, when he was a ten- year-old boy in Class V. This was indeed a life-changing event. His science teacher’s name was Shri Siva Subramania Iyer. One day the topic of discussion in his class of sixty-five was ‘how birds fly’. He drew a sketch of a bird with a tail, wings and feathers a head on the board and explained how a bird flew.

That evening he took all of them to the seashore. He asked all of them to notice how the birds make a formation in a group and fly. Mr. Iyer also made them notice how the bird is powered to fly by itself.

The flight principle got imprinted in Kalam’s mind and he decided that in the future he would study subjects related to flight. However, as a little boy he needed guidance to pursue that field. The teacher told Kalam to study and explore the field of aviation .science and aeroplanes.

Whatever he had learnt that day changed his life. He was inspired to have an aim. Later he realized how important it was to study physics. He chose physics. He opted for aeronautical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Then, he became an aeronautical engineer and a space technologist. Mr. Iyer’s class had transformed his life which led him to make a profession out of his passion and his career began in that field.

We have to take Kalam’s life as an inspiration to grow high in our lives.

Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity.

B. Prepare a biographical sketch of Sri APJ Abdul Kalam using the given information.

Birth : 15 Oct 1931 at Dhariushkodi, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

First job : Newspaper vendor

Inspiration : His Science teacher Sri Siva Subramania Iyer’s lecture

Education : Aeronautical Engineering from IIT(M) ( 1960)

Positions : IGMDP, DRDO, ISRO – Chief Advisor and Chairman

Achievements : Project Devil and Project Valiant (1970)
SLV – III, ROHINI, PSLV, PRUTHVI & AGNI Missiles, Nuclear Test. -Pokhran -II

Invented ‘Low Cost Coronary Stent’ and Rugged Tablet Computer with Dr. Soma Raju (1998)

Unanimously elected as the President of India (2002 – 2007) ‘People’s President.
Literary Works : Wrote ‘Wings of Fire’, ‘Ignited Minds,’ etc.

Awards : Honoured with Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990) and Bharath Ratna(1997)
Death : 27 July 2015

Answer:
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 at Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. In his childhood he worked as a newspaper vendor. His Science teacher Shri Siva Subrahmania Iyer’s lecture inspired him a lot. He completed Aeronautical Engineering from IIT(M) ( 1960) He held the position of the Chief Advisor and Chair¬man ot IGMDPV DRDO, ISRO. He was responsible for Project Devil and Project Valiant (1970), SLV – III, ROHINI, PSLV, PRUDVI & AGNI Missiles, Nuclear Test at Pokhran -II. He invented ‘Low Cost Coronary Stent’ and Rugged Tablet Computer with Dr. Soma Raju (1998). He was unanimously elected the presedent of India (2002 – 2007) . He was known as ‘People’s President. He wrote ‘Wings of Fire’ and ‘Ignited Minds. He was honoured with the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharath Ratna (1997). He passed away on 27 July 2015.

Fun Time

Try the following riddle.
The three-letter word that reads the same backwards : eye (a part of the body)

Read the following ‘Palindrome’.

1. Race car
2. Madam
3. Don’t nod
4. Dogma I am God
5. Never odd or even
6. Madam I’m Adam
7. Too bad I hid a boot

Talking Time

A. Making Announcements:

Read the announcements usually made during the school assembly.

Dear Students, I have an announcement to make. We are planning to conduct sports and literary competitions on the occasion of Independence Day. The students those who want to participate in the sports competitions have to give their names to the Physical Director of our school. Those who want to participate in the literary competitions have to give their names to the English teacher.

You are the secretary of your school English Club. Make an announcement for the activities to be planned for the English Day.
Answer:
Dear Students, I have an announcement to make. We are planning to conduct a quiz and literary competitions on the occasion of the English Day. The students those who want to participate in the quiz competition have to give their names to Biology teacher of our school. Those who want to participate in the literary competitions have to give their names to the English teacher.

B. Role-play:

Polite Request : (Could you please / Would you mind)
Srikar : Excuse me, could you please tell me when the Tirumala Express leaves for Vizag?
Enquiry : It starts at 5.05 p.m. every day.
Srikar : Could you please tell me the time of arrival at Vizag ?.
Enquiry : It reaches Vizag at 11 a.m. the next day.
Srikar : Thank you. Would you mind telling me if the tickets are available for tomorrow?
Enquiry : Let me check. Sorry. No tickets are available until next Sunday.
Srikar : OK, thank you, Sir. I’ll plan my journey accordingly.
Enquiry : You are welcome.

Language focus
1. Could you please ………………………
Eg : Could you please give me your pen?

2. Would you mind ……………………..
Eg : Would you mind opening the window? / Could you open the window?

Exercise – A

Underline the correct expression to complete each request.
1. Could you / Would you mind bringing me some milk for my coffee?
2. Could you / Would you mind answering the question?
3. Could you / Would you go to the shop for me?
4. Could you / Would you mind turning off the music?
5. Could you / Would you mind bringing me a glass of banana juice?
Answer:

1. Could you / Would you mind bringing me some milk for my coffee?
2. Could you / Would you mind answering the question?
3. Could you / Would you go to the shop for me?
4. Could you / Would you mind turning off the music?
5. Could you / Would you mind bringing me a glass of banana juice?

Exercise – B

Complete the polite requests with the correct forms of the verb in brackets.
1. Could you …………… (bring) me a cup of coffee?
2. Could you …………… (lend) me your pen?
3. Would you mind …………… (call) a taxi for me?
4. Would you mind …………… (close) the door?
5. Could you …………… (get) me a glass of water?
6. Would you mind …………… (carry) these bags for me?
Answers

1. bring
2. lend
3. calling
4. closing
5. get
6. carrying

Listening

Transformation of Vivekananda

The relationship between Sri Ramakrishna and Vivekananda (formerly named as Narendranath) began in November 1881 when they met at the house of Surendranath Mitra. Ramakrishna had asked Narendranath to sing. He was impressed with the sing¬ing talent of Narendranath and invited him to Dakshineswar.

Narendra accepted the invitation. The meeting with Sri Ramakrishna proved to be a turning point in the life of Narendranath. Initially, he did not accept Ramakrishna as his master. But eventually, he became one of the closest disciples of-Ramakrishna who shaped the personality of Narendranath and inspired him to dedicate his life to serve the human.

Inspired by Ramakrishna, Narendranath became a monk and was named Vivekananda and he presented a speech at the Parliament of the World’s Religions held on 23rd September, 1893 in Chicago.

His meeting with Sri Ramakrishna in Dakshineswar was a turning point which re-sulted in the transformation of Vivekananda.

A. Listen to the story and state the following statements are true / false.
1. The meeting with Sri Ramakrishna was the turning point in the life of Vivekananda.
2. Sri Ramakrishna presented a speech in Chicago.
3. Sri Ramakrishna and Vivekananda first met at the house of Surendranath Mitra.
Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True

Comprehension

1. Why did Ramakrishna invite Narendranath to Dakshineswar?
Answer:
Sri Rafnakrishna was impressed with the singing talent of Narendranath and he invited him to Daksineswar.

2. How did Ramakrishna inspire Narendranath?
Answer:
Ramakrishna inspired Narendranath by his wisdom.

3. Where did Vivekananda present his speech?
Answer:
Vivekananda presented his speech in Chicago.

4. What did Vivekananda dedicate his life to?
Answer:
Vivekananda dedicated his life to serve the human.

5. Do you believe in transformation of yourself?
Answer:
Yes.

Study Skill

Study the following Tree diagram.

Answer the following questions :

1. What is the tree diagram about?
Answer:
The tree diagram is about the things in our sufroundings.

2. What are the two kinds of animals mentioned in the above tree diagram?
Answer:
Living things and Non-living things.

3. Things in our surroundings are categorised into _________ .
a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
Answer:
b) 2

4. ‘Viviparous’ is a category of _________ .
a) Plants
b) Oviparous
c) Animals
Answer:
c) Animals

5. ‘Plants and animals’ come under _________ .
a) Living things
b) Oviparous
c) Non-living things
Answer:
a) Living things

The Turning Point Summary

The Turning Point’, is an edited extract from ‘My Teachers’ by DR A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM. The turning point means- An important change in the life of a person. This is the true story of Abdul Kalam that made a turning point in his life. When he was in class V, one day his teacher Shri Siva Subramania Iyer taught him about a bird’s flight in the class. When the teacher explained in the class about a bird’s flight most of the students including Kalam had not understood the lesson. So the teacher took them all to the seashore of Rameswaram (birthplace of Kalam) to teach them practically. The teacher showed there how a bird flies. He asked the students to look at the tail and the combination of flapping wings and twisting tail. The teacher explained how the birds changed direction, and position could fly in the direction they wanted to. After that all the students understood the lesson of a bird’s flight. For Kalam the lesson was not merely an understanding of how a bird flies. He decided that he wanted to study all he could about the concept of flight. So he took his teacher’s advice about the further study of Science. He became a rocket engineer, an aerospace engineer and a technolo¬gist. But the memory of his teacher encouraging him to become a successful person was up to the end of Kalam’s life.

The Turning About the Author

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and a politician who had served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on the 15th of October, 1931 at Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He is popularly known as the Missile Man of India. His book Wings of Fire’ is widely read and is inspiring. This lesson is an extract from his book My Teachers’.

Meanings For Difficult Words

turning point (n) : a time at which an important change takes place
conflict (n) : clash, a serious disagreement
scarce (adj) : rare
affordable (adj) : reasonably priced
defend (v) : protect
manoeuvred (v) : plotted / steered / moved skillfully
curiosity (n) : a strong desire to know
gloomy (adj) : unhappy
flap (v) : move up and down
generate (v) : produce or create
unique (adj) : matchless/special
transform (v) : change
passion (n) : strong desire
indigenous (adj) : native, local
ignite (v) : light, kindle

Give Me Strength Poem

This is my prayer to thee, My Lord – strike,
strike at the root of penury in my heart.
Give me the strength lightly to bear my joys and sorrows.
Give me the strength to make my love fruitful in service.
Give me the strength never to disown the poor or bend my knees before insolent might.

Give me the strength to raise my mind high above daily trifles.
And give me the strength to surrender my strength to thy will with love.
Rabindranath Tagore

Appreciation of The Poem

A. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What does the poet pray for?
Answer:
The poet prays to God for giving him strength.

Question 2.
What does the poet want to bear with strength?
Answer:
The poet wants to bear joys and sorrows with strength.

Question 3.
Wteafcitype of service does the poet want to make?
Answer:
He wants to be in the service of humankind with sincerity and humility.

Question 4.
How does the poet want to treat the poor and the mighty?
Answer:
He wants to help the poor and never to bend before rude and disrespectful authority.

Question 5.
What does the poet want to do with the strength finally?
Answer:
He wants to raise his head above petty and ordinary things and surrender his strength before the will of God.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Why does the poet want God to strike at his heart?
Answer:
The poet implores God to strike at his heart to remove the hardheartedness and remake it with love and compassion. He wants to be a loving and caring human beings.

Question 2.
What does the poet want the strength for?
Answer:
The poet wants strength to bear joys and sorrows. He wants strength to make his love fruitful in service. He needs strength never to disown the poor or bow before a tyrant. Moreover, the poet needs strength to avoid the daily trifles and submit his will to the will of God.

Question 3.
How can love be made meaningful in one’s life?
Answer:
Love is meaningful when it bears fruits of service, service of mankind.

Question 4.
What should be our attitude towards the poor?
Answer:
Our attitude towards the poor should be very sympathetic. We should never disown or neglect them. We should always help the poor and work for their welfare.

Question 5.
What does “bend my knees” signify?
Answer:
The bending of one’s knees means to surrender before a powerful person. Here, the poet prays to God to give him the strength to resist and not to bend the knees before a tyrant.

Question 6.
Why does the poet want to raise his mind high above “daily trifles”?
Answer:
The poet wants to raise his mind high above the daily trifles so that he would not be involved in the issues that fill his heart with malice and prejudice.

Question 7.
Why does the poet ask for strength to surrender his will to God’s will?
Answer:
The poet wants to surrender his will to the will of God in order to live a pure and obedient life. As it is not easy to submit one’s will, the poet prays for the strength to do so.

B. Choose the right option and write it in the brackets given.

1. Strike at the root of _____ in my heart.
a) treasury
b) happiness
c) penury
Answer:
c) penury

2. Give me strength to bear my _____
a) riches and treasures
b) joys and sorrows
c) property
Answer:
b) joys and sorrows

3. Give me strength to make my love _____ in service.
a) fruitful
b) selfish
c) sacrifice
Answer:
a) fruitful

4. Give me strength to raise high above daily _____
a) enjoyment
b) trifles
c) chores
Answer:
b) trifles

5. The poet wants to surrender his strength to _____
a) the mighty
b) God’s will
c) the poor
Answer:
b) God’s will

Check Point

Give Me Strength Summary

“Give Me Strength” is an inspirational poem by the versatile Rabindranath Tagore. The poem is in a form of a prayer and the poet is asking the Lord to provide him with strength so that he can overcome all the hurdles in life.

This poem “Give Me Strength” is short but beautiful poem written by Rabindranath Tagore. In this poem, the poet prays to God to strike at the core of his heart and remove the ignorance from there. He prays to God to give him strength so that he bears the joys and sorrows of life in the same spirit. It means that the poet wants to be stoic in his nature. He wants to be in the service of humankind with sincerity and humility. He wants to help the poor and never to bend before rude and disrespectful authority. He also prays for strength to raise his head above petty and ordinary things and surrender his strength before the will of God.

Give Me Strength About the Poet

Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) usually called Gurudev was a learned man from West Bengal from the Indian sub continent. He was a poet, musician and artist. He reshaped Bengali literature and music. He is the author of the Gitanjali, which is a collection of beautiful verse. He was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in literature in 1913. Tagore’s poetry is viewed as spiritual and patriotic. He was referred to as ‘the Bard of Bengal’.

Meanings for Difficult Words

Thee (n) : you
strike (v) : hit forcibly
penury (n) : extreme poverty; (here) hardheartedness, lacking love and compassion
fruitful (adj) : bearing abundant fruit; producing results
disown (v) : not own / refuse
insolent (adj) : disrespectful, rude
might (n) : power / impressive power.
trifles (n) : things of little value or significance
surrender (v) : yield; give up.
thy (pron.) : your (old use)

SCERT AP 7th Class English Government Textbook Answers Unit 1 My Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class English Unit 1 Questions and Answers My Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me

7th Class English Unit 1 My Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me Textbook Questions and Answers

Observe the picture. Discuss and answer the questions.

Question 1.
Where are the children?
Answer:
The children are near their houses.

Question 2.
Is it a village or a town? Why?
Answer:
It is a village. It is not a town. The houses, the location and the animals reflect a village scene.

Question 3.
What are the boys looking at?
Answer:
The boys are looking at the animals and eggs.

Question 4.
Are the children friendly with the animals? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, the children are friendly with the animals. They are helping the animals in different ways.

Question 5.
What are the children doing?
Answer:
The children are spending their time with the animals and birds.

Questions Given in the Lesson

Possible answers to the questions given in the middle of the lesson and at the end:

Question 1.
What’s in a name?
Find out more about your name. Does it have a special meaning? Share it with your classmates.
Answer:
My name is Nageswara Rao. It has a special meaning. Two Hindu deities are there in my name. ‘Naga’ means ‘Naga Devatha’ and ‘Eswara’ means ‘Lord Parameshwara’.

Question 2.
Can you think of some pictures that can be drawn with a feather?
Answer:
We can draw pictures of birds, moon, stars, sun, sky, all the things related to nature, different designs and a number of other things with a feather.

Question 3.
How are colours used to decorate the houses in villages during festivals?
Answer:
The villagers decora their houses with different colours during festivals. Most of them use dark colours which bring life to the painting. They paint the pictures of deities, some designs, circles, symbols, etc. on the walls of their houses and celebrate the festivals happily.

Question 4.
Where do you see such pictures?
Answer:
I find those pictures in the exhibitions and in the shops located in pilgrimage places.

Question 5.
List out the activities done by Ndebele women.
Answer:
i) They paint their houses with colourful and intricate patterns.
ii) They make good things with beads.
iii) They perform their household chores with love and affection.
iv) They respect their ancestors and follow their tradition strictly.

Question 6.
How do you dress up on your birthday?
Answer:
I wear new dress brought by my father on the occasion of my birthday.

Question 7.
What do you like to wear on special occasions?
Answer:
I would like to wear specially designed clothes of different colours on special occasions.

Question 8.
Describe your village and say about the people living there in your own words.
Answer:
Our village is Machayapalem of Bellamkonda Madal, Guntur district. It is a picturesque village with narrow streets. Greenery is found everywhere. We have all kinds of animals as pets such as cats, dogs, cows, buffaloes, oxen, goats, sheep, hens, cocks, etc. in our village. Most of us live in thatched houses. Our villagers are friendly in nature. Most of them are farmers. Though we lead an ordinary life, we are always happy. We come together and celebrate the festivals. I love to live in my village.

Question 9.
Describe your best friend. What characteristics make a good friend?
Answer:
Amith is my best friend. He is honest and a true friend of mine. The characteristics such as reliability, honesty, kindness, individuality, helping nature, patience, generosity, trust, etc. make a person a good friend.

Reading Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who is Thandi? Who is her best friend?
Answer:
Thandi is a girl who belongs to the tribe of Ndebele from Zimbabwe and north-eastern South Africa. Thandi’s best friend is her chicken.

Question 2.
How does Thandi snatch a feather from her chicken?
Answer:
Thandi snatches a feather very quickly when the chicken is distracted and does not notice.

Question 3.
What are the two hopes of Thandi?
Answer:
The two hopes are : (1) her name which means hope and (2) At the end of the story she can say ‘Good-bye friend’, not ‘Good-bye stranger-friend’.

Question 4.
Why do you think Ndebele people do not call anything beautiful?
Answer:
Because they live in a different world. They live away from common people.

Question 5.
According to Thandi, what are some of the points to be kept in mind while painting?
Answer:
The points to be kept in mind while painting are: (1) You have to have strong eyes to paint well. (2) Your hand must not shake like leaf on a tree (3) You must fill a chicken’s feather with paint and draw a line as straight as a spear. (4) You must have the pattern inside your head, even before you dip the feather into the paint.

Question 6.
Describe the clothing of Ndebele women.
Answer:
The clothing of Ndebele women is made of beads. They shine like stars while dancing.

Question 7.
Why couldn’t Thandi’s brother be friends with chicken?
Answer:
Thandi’s brother could not be friends with a chicken because he was not able to understand animals. He shouts at chickens and they run away from him.

Question 8.
What did Thandi say about her best friend, chicken?
Answer:
Thandi says that her best friend is her chicken. The chicken listens to her stories. Her feathers are used as brushes to paint. She always spends her time with Thandi. Thandi takes her in her arms and tells her many things.

B. Say whether the following statements are True/ False:

1. Thandi’s chicken listens to her stories and has other uses.
2. Ndebele people call everything beautiful.
3. All Ndebele women paint their houses.
4. Thandi’s father built them small houses, and her mother painted them.
5. Thandi’s brother is not so mischievous.
Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

C. You have read the story, ‘Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me’.

Read the interesting aspects of village life shared by Thandi mentioned in the help box.

Help Box

• Thandi’s best friend
• String and sew
• Penny whistles and bicycles
• Hand must not shake like a leaf on a tree
• Amaphotho and ghabi
• Pretend to go inside small houses built by father
• You must have the pattern inside your head.
• One can tell all their secrets

Place the sentences under the right heading. One is done for you.

Answer:

Vocabulary

A. VISUALISE – Text to Mind

Read the following sentences taken from the story, locate the phrases that are highlighted /expressions / part.

You must have the pattern inside your head, even before you dip the feather into the paint. Here the highlighted part, ‘have the pattern inside your head’ means one should visualise or have clear picture before any work.

To Visualise means to form a picture of someone or something in your mind, in order to imagine or remember him, her, or it.

Activity : Visualise the text given and draw the picture of it. One is done for you.

Note : Students are advised to do this activity on their own.

Grammar

A. Read the following sentences from the story.

1. I don’t know why, but Ndebele people do not call anything beautiful.
2. ………… no one’s house is as good as my mother’s.
3. ………. he tries to get into everybody’s business.

The highlighted words use apostrophe (‘). Now guess the use of apostrophe.

Apostrophe ( ‘ ) can be confusing or tricky. However, they aren’t difficult to learn. Sometimes they form possessives and sometimes they form contractions. Here are some tips to remember.

Apostrophe for possessions:
1. For most singular nouns, add apostrophe + s :
The cat’s tail, the student’s book, the manager’s room

2. For most plural nouns, add only an apostrophe :
The cats’ tails (multiple cats), the students’ books (multiple students); the managers’ rooms (multiple managers)

Apostrophe for contractions:
A contraction is a shortened form of a word (or group of words) that omits certain letters or sounds. In a contraction, an apostrophe represents missing letters.
He would = He’d
They are = They’re
I have = I’ve
You cannot = You can’t

Exercise

A) Write the contraction for each pair of words. Example: should not – shouldn’t
1. are not _____
2. he is _____
3. I am _____
4. she will _____
Answer:
1) aren’t
2) he’s
3) I’m
4) she’ll

B) Complete each sentence. Write the possessive forms of the noun given in the brackets.
Eg : The baby’s doll is a new brand one. (baby)
1. This is _____ textbook. (Angel)
2. The _____ blanket is blue, (boy)
Answer:
1) Angel’s
2) boy’s

B. Present Perfect Tense :

Let’s consider the following sentences from the text which denote just completed actions.
1. She has started to teach me to paint good, very good designs.
2. I have enjoyed telling you about my village.

These actions are said to be in present perfect tense (have/has + past participle).

Here are some more examples of the present perfect tense (underlined):
1. Bobby has eaten the breakfast.
2. They have called the police.
3. Has she painted the wall?

The Present Perfect Tense is used for unfinished actions with stative verbs and finished actions with focus on present situation.

Positive	Positive Short Form (Contracted Form)
I have played.	I’ve played.
You have worked.	You’ve worked.
He has written.	He’s written.
She the has walked.	She’s walked.
It has rained.	It’s rained.
We ave travelled.	We’ve travelled.
They have studied.	They’ve studied.

Negative	Negative Short Form (Contracted Form)
I have hot eaten.	I haven’t eaten.
You have not been to America.	You haven’t been to America.
He has not seen.	He hasn’t seen.
She has not played.	She hasn’t played.
It has not gone.	It hasn’t gone.
We have not danced.	We haven’t danced.

Note : Contracted forms are used in spoken form not in written form.

Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect form of the verb. One is done for you.
Eg : I have worked (work) today.

1. I _____ (not/work) today.
2. We _____ (buy) a new lamp.
3. We _____ (not / plan) our holiday yet.
4. Where _____ (be / you) ?
5. He _____ (write) five letters.
6. She _____ (not / see) him for a long time.
7. _____ (be / you) at school ?
8. The school _____ (not / start) yet.
Answer:

1. have not worked
2. have bought
3. have not planned
4. have you been?
5. has written
6. has not seen
7. Have you been
8. has not started

Writing

A. Read the passage from the narrative/ story. Write a dialogue.

Hello Stranger-friend,

I am Thandi, an Ndebele girl in South Africa. I am eight years old, and my best friend is a chicken. You may laugh at that, but when I tell my friend secrets, she can talk all she wants… but no one can understand her… except another chicken, of course. My chicken not only listens to my stories; she has other uses. If you play with her and take her mind off what’s going on, you can quickly – very quickly – snatch a feather or two when she is distracted. She doesn’t notice, and the feathers will come in handy later, of course.

Complete the conversation.

Thandi : Hello! Stranger-friend!

Stranger-friend : Hello! What is your name?

Thandi : I am Thandi.

Stranger-friend : Where are you from?

Thandi : I am …………………..

Stranger-friend : …………………………. ?

Thandi : I am eight years old.

Stranger-friend : …………………….. best friend?

Thandi : ………………..

Thandi : Hello Stranger-friend !

Stranger-friend : ……………………. tell …………. ?

Thandi : Secrets.

Stranger-Mend : Can …………. understand your words?

Thandi : Yes, of course.

Stranger-Mend : What else do you do with your chicken?

Thandi : ……………………………………..

Stranger-Mend : How do you snatch her feathers?

Thandi : …………………………..
Answer:
Thandi : Hello! Stranger-friend!

Stranger-Mend : Hello! What is your name?

Thandi : I am Thandi.

Stranger-Mend : Where are you from?

Thandi : I am an Ndebele girl in South Africa.

Stranger-Mend : How old are you?

Thandi : I am eight years old.

Stranger-Mend : Who is your best friend?

Thandi : My best friend is my chicken.

Thandi : Hello Stranger-friend!

Stranger-Mend : What would you tell your chicken (best friend)?

Thandi : Secrets.

Stranger-Mend : Can the chicken understand your words?

Thandi : Yes, of course.

Stranger-Mend : What else do you do with your chicken?

Thandi : I will use her feathers to paint.

Stranger-Mend : How do you snatch her feathers?

Thandi : I snatch her feathers when she does not notice.

B. Letter Writing : (Informal Letter)
Read the letter written to a friend describing the beauty of her1 village and the people living in it.

Gandhipuram. Feb 01, 2021. Dear Gayatri,I hope this letter finds you in good health.My village is near Anantapuram. It is about 100 kilometres away from the district headquarters. We have fresh air, water, and a clean environment in my village. My village is beautiful with many green fields, cattle and mango trees. We are the leading producers of mango, coconut and also tamarind. We get pure honey and ghee as well. We play in the sandy beach every evening. My friends and 1 play many Indian games that are forgotten those days like marbles, Kho- Kho, Kabaddi, etc.The villagers are helpful and cooperative to one another. We like to celebrate different occasions. We are peace-loving people. We enjoy holidays with relatives and friends. My village is a land of relations that follows the traditions and culture inherited from our ancestors. Please convey my regards to aunt and uncle. Awaiting your reply.Yours lovingly, Razia

Now, imagine you are Gayatri and write a reply letter describing the village/ locality you live in.

Answer:

Reply Letter Bhaskarnagar. Feb 7, 2021. Dear Razia, I have just got your letter this month. I knew from your letter about your town. Now it is my turn to write about me. You know that I live at Guntur. It is my hometown. It is one of the wonderful places. There are a lot of historical places. In fact, it is very beautiful, and neat and clean. There are many big shops and you can buy many things you want. The climate is pleasant. This village is famous for rich culture. On every Makara Sankranti, there will be a lot of people because there will have the bullfight. This is one of the traditional cultures. As I know this culture is given by our ancestors for 200 years. A lot of tourists come to see and enjoy. Guntur is famous for fairs. Though it is a city, It is full of greenery, farmland is full of crops and farmers are busy in their fields, trying to produce more, and more crops to be able to feed more and more people. There is no scarcity of pure milk and fresh vegetables. Guntur is famous for red chillies and pickles. People are friendly and very much concerned with each other. I send you a lot of photos of Guntur, You will know all about my town. 1 hope to hear from you soon. Yours lovingly, Gayatri.

C. Write a letter to Thandi. Describe similarities and differences between yours and her hopes, likes, dislikes and her games so that you may become good \ friends.
Answer

Guntur. July 5, 2021. Deatj Thandi,I am Mohana. I became your friend after reading your story. Now I am not your stranger friend. I am your dear friend. I want to share something with you and write this letter. I hope you are doing well.I understand that you want a life with freedom and want to be friends with animals find birds. I also have the same interest. I always spend my time with doves and hens at home. You wear your school uniform when you go to school and in free time, you wear the clothes made of using beads. 1 like the clothes of that kind. But we do not get them here in our town. Here we get dresses with embroidery designs. 1 prefer them a lot. I also go to big cities for shopping along with my mother and father. 1 like your village life. We can be very good friends hereafter.Please write to me describing your feelings.Yours lovingly, Mohana

Talking Time

A. Language Function : Introducing self, (use the help box)
Hello ! My name is ……………… .
I come from ……………… (name of the place)
I am ……………… years old. (age)
There are ……………… people in my family, (number of family)
I’m a student at ……………… (name of the school)
My favourite subject is ……………… . (favourite subject)
My hobbies are ………………, ………………., and ……………… . (hobby)
In my free time, I also enjoy ……………… . (sports/music)
I like/dislike/hate ……………… . (like/dislike)
My favourite food / drink is ……………… . (favourite food)
I study English because ……………… . (purpose)
I would like to become ……………… in future, (aim in life)

Answer:
Hello! My name is Pranavi.
I come from Kandukur. (name of the place )
I am thirteen years old. (age)
There are five people in my family, (number of family)
I’m a student at Z.P.High School, Kandukur. (name of the school)
My favourite subject is English. (favourite subject)
My hobbies are playing chess, listening to music, and gardening. (hobby)
In my free time, I also enjoy playing volleyball, (sports/music)
I like spending my time on the beaches. (like / dislike)
My favourite food is vegetable birvani. (favourite food)
My favourite drink is Sprite. (favourite drink)
I study English because I want to go abroad. (purpose)
I would like to become an English teacher in future, (aim in life)

B. Language Function: Introducing others
You have learnt how to introduce yourself. Now introduce your friend to your class using the hints given.
Hello! Friends! This is ……………… .
He/ She is from ……………… .
He/ She is in ……………… .
His / Her favourite subject is ……………… .
…………………………………………………………..
Answer:
Hello! Friends, This is Mokshitha.
She is from Lakshmi Puram. Guntur.
She is in Class Seven.
Her favourite subject is Science.
She wants to become a cardiologist in future.
She likes reading books and playing video games.
Milk is her favourite drink.
She spends her leisure time with pet animals.
She is very much interested in cricket.
She knows how to play the violin.
She is a very good friend of mine.

Listening

Listen to the following story.

UBUNTU
An anthropologist (someone who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs, and relationships) created a game for the African tribal children. He placed a basket of sweets near a tree and made the children stand 100 metres away. Then he announced that whoever reached first would get all the sweets in the basket.

When he said, ready, steady, go!
Do you know what these children did?
They all held each other’s hands, ran together towards the tree, divided the sweets equally among themselves, ate the sweets, and enjoyed it. When the anthropologist asked them why they did so, they answered ‘Ubuntu’.
Which meant…’How can one be happy when the others are sad?’
Ubuntu in their language means – ‘I am because we are!’
Let all of us always have this attitude and spread happiness wherever we go.

Answer the following questions :
1. Who is an ‘anthropologist’?
Answer:
An anthropologist is someone who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs and relationships.

2. What game did the anthropologist plan with the basket of sweets ?
Answer:
The child who reaches the sweet basket first will get all the sweets in it.

3. What instructions did the anthropologist give to the children to do?
Answer:
The anthropologist told them to stand 100 metres away. He placed the basket of sweets near a tree. He announced that whoever reches first would get all the sweets in the basket.

4. What did the children do on hearing the anthropologist’s instructions?
Answer:
They all held each other’s hands, ran together towards the tree, divided the sweets equally among them, ate the sweets and enjoyed.

5. What does the word ‘UBUNTU’ mean in the African tribal language?
Answer:
I am because we are.

Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me Summary

The writer here adopts the voice of an eight-year-old Ndebele girl of South Africa, who addresses the reader as her “stranger-friend.” Thandi, whose name means Hope, describes some of her favorite things: the chicken to whom she confides her secrets, the intricately painted houses in her village, the beads her mother strings. Thandi’s narration is strong and direct, and provides a lively introduction to a long-neglected people and culture. It attempts to embrace the reader, however, seem somewhat strained (“You may call me friend, and 1 would like to call you friend”), and the use of many sizes and arrangements of type creates some choppiness. The accompanying photographs, on the other hand, do full justice to the brilliant colors of the beadwork, blankets and decorated houses of Thandi’s village, and to the various attitudes of the carefully adorned people in it.

Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me About the Author

Maya Angelou born Marguerite Annie Johnson; (April 4,1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and is credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. The first one I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969); tells of her life up to the age of 17, and brought her international recognition and acclaim. Her famous poems are And Still I Rise’ (1978), ‘Mother, A Cradle to Hold Me’ (2006).

Meanings For Difficult Words

stranger-friend : someone whom you feel as your friend but
Thandi : the name of a girl who belongs to the tribe of Ndebele in South Africa
Ndebele (n) : a tribe from Zimbabwe and north-eastern South Africa and they speak the Bantu language, one of the official languages of South Africa.
chicken (n) : hen
laugh at (jphr.v) : speak something to make somebody seem silly
of course : naturally / certainly
take her mind off (phrase) : to stop her thinking about something
snatch (v) : quickly seize (something) in a rude or abrupt way
feather (n) : soft, light and hairy thing that covers a bird’s body
distracted (adj.) : unable to concentrate / inattentive
come in handy (idiom) : to be useful
later (adv.) : at a time in the future / afterward
hope (n) : a feeling of expectation for a particular thing to happen
pattern (n) : a particular way in which something is done, is organized, or happens
fringed (adj) : having a decorative border of hanging threads for clothing
pretend (v) : to give a false appearance of being, possessing, or performing; pose.
penny whistles (n) : flute like wind instrument
lose themselves (idiom) : give all their attention to something

put on (phr. v) : wear
dry (adj) : lacking freshness
wagon (n) : farm cart
mule (n) : an animal that has a horse and a donkey as parents
stare (v) : look fixedly or intently
city folk (n) : city people
mischievous (adj) : causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way; naughty way.
tend (v) : care for or look after
get into (phr.v) : enter / interfere
can’t help (idiom) : can’t control
errand (n) : a short journey either to take a message or to take or collect something
squirmy (adj) : to twist about in a wriggling, snake like motion

Tom Paints the Fence

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What was the name of Tom’s Aunt ? Why was he living with his aunt?
Answer:
Tom’s Aunt was Polly. Tom was living with his Aunt Polly as he lost his mother.

Question 2.
How did Aunt Polly prove that she was strict?
Answer:
Aunt Polly proved that she was strict by asking Tom to whitewash the fence on a Saturday which was a holiday.

Question 3.
What work was assigned to Tom to do?
Answer:
Tom was assigned to paint the fence.

Question 4.
Describe the feelings of Tom when his aunt asked him to paint the fence.
Answer:
He felt that life was a burden. He sighed to do the work.

Question 5.
How did Tom become rich with gifts by the end of the day?
Answer:
Tom made his friends feel to paint the fence. They gave him some gifts to get the opportunity of painting work. Thus he became rich with the gifts by the end of the day.

Question 6.
What does “Spare the rod and Spoil the child” mean?
Answer:
If you do not punish a child when they do something wrong, they will not learn what is right.

B. Choose the correct answer from the options given.

1. What did Tom plan to do on a Saturday?
a) go to school
b) do homework
c) go for swimming
Answer:
c) go for swimming

2. Tom did not want the boys to see him whitewashing because they would
a) make fun of him
b) tell their teacher
c) throw mud at the fence
Answer:
a) make fun of him

3. How did Tom make Ben and others paint the fence?
a) by bribing them with money
b) by pretending painting to be fun
c) by threatening them
Answer:
b) by pretending painting to be fun

4. Tom was really in wealth at the end of the day, because……
a) many boys paid him
b) aunt Polly gave him money
c) he sold the paint
Answer:
a) many boys paid him

5. What did aunt Polly give him for painting the fence?
a) a doorknob
b) an apple
c) a new dress
Answer:
b) an apple

Fun Time

1. Teacher : Which one is closer, Sun or Africa?
Boddy : Sun
Teacher : Why?
Boddy : We can see the sun, but can’t see Africa.

2. What day do the chickens hate most?
Answer:
Friday (FRY-day)

Project

You have read the story “Painted House, Friendly Chicken and Me”.You might have understood how Thandi has enjoyed telling you about her village, her hopes, her mother, her brother, the beads, the painted house, and her good friend, the chicken.

Now, collect information regarding your family, friendship, home, village/ locality, traditions and culture, and make a picture gallery with your paintings, art and craft.
Answer:
My family is a joint family. We are ten in our family. I have a grandmother and a grandfather. I have two sisters and a younger brother. My uncle and aunt also live with us. My father is a farmer and my mother is a housewife. My two sisters are studying and my little brother is at play school. Our grandmother always tells us interesting stories. We usually have good time at home. 1 have two friends at my village. I play with my friends and two sisters. My village is surrounded by green fields. We make idols of Lord Ganesha with clay and worship Him. We draw many pictures on walls. We have fresh air and clean water. We celebrate all festivals and follow the old traditions. We wear new clothes on festivals. We spend time together joyfully.

Check Point

Tom Paints the Fence Summary

Tom Sawyer was an imaginative and mischievous boy. He was living with his Aunt Polly on the banks of the Mississippi. Aunt Polly was strict. She wanted to make Tom work on Saturday. So, she asked him to paint the fence. He unwillingly went near the fence with a brush and paint. He was very disappointed when he remembered his plans for the day, like going for swimming. He was upset with the thought that the boys would ridicule him for having work to do. Then he got a brilliant idea. He took his brush and started his work.

Then a boy named Ben Rogers came that way and told Tom that he had got to work even on a holiday. Tom pretended that he was doing that work willingly because that work would give him pleasure and he was enjoying himself in doing so. Soon, Ben begged Tom that he would help him and offered him an apple. Tom gave him the brush and Ben started painting. As Ben was painting, other boys named Billy and Johnny Miller also begged Tom to allow them too to paint. They presented him a kite and a pair of marbles in return. Thus, Tom turned the punishment into a bit of entertainment and tricked other boys to finish the work for him. The whole fence was whitewashed nicely within afternoon. When Aunt Polly saw the painted fence, she was so amazed that she gave him the best apple and allowed him to play.

Tom Paints the Fence About the Author

Mark Twain (1835-1910) whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clements, was an American writer. He is best remembered as the man who gave the immortal characters of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.

Meanings For Difficult Words

fence (n) : a structure that divides two areas of land, similar to a wall but made of wood or wire
pavement (n) : a flat part at the side of a road for people to walk on hollow
hollow (adj) : having a hole or an empty space inside an object
existence (n) : being real or living or of being present
ridicule (v) : make fun of somebody/something or make them look silly; mockery
magnificent (adj) : extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise; splendid
resume (v) : begins again or continues after being interrupted
dreading (v) : to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 7 నిష్పత్తి మరియు అనుపాతం InText Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 7th Lesson నిష్పత్తి మరియు అనుపాతం InText Questions

[పేజి నెం. 2]

క్రింది చిత్రాలను చూసి ఇచ్చిన ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానాలను చెప్పండి.

ప్రశ్న1.
చిరుత పులి వేగానికి, మనిషి వేగానికి గల నిష్పత్తి చెప్పగలమా ? ఎంత ?

సాధన :
చిరుతపులి వేగం = 120 కి.మీ./గం.
మనిషి వేగం = 20 కి.మీ./గం.
∴ చిరుత పులి వేగానికి, మనిషి వేగానికి గల నిష్పత్తి
= 120 : 20 = 6:1

ప్రశ్న2.
హేమ ఎత్తునకు, అమీర్ ఎత్తునకు గల నిష్పత్తి ఎంత ?

సాధన :
హేమ ఎత్తు = 150 సెం.మీ.
అమీర్ ఎత్తు = 75 సెం.మీ.
∴ ఎత్తుల నిష్పత్తి = 150 : 75 = 2 : 1

ప్రశ్న3.

సాధన :
2 హస్తాల అరటి పండ్ల ధర = ₹ 80
∴ 3 హస్తాల అరటి పండ్ల ధర
= \(\frac{3}{2}\) × 80
= ₹ 120

ప్రశ్న4.
ఏ కారక నిష్పత్తి, కట్టడాలను మరింత అందంగా ఆకర్షణీయంగా తయారు చేస్తుందో మీకు తెలుసా ?
సాధన :
బంగారు నిష్పత్తి మరింత అందంగా, ఆకర్షణీయంగా కట్టడాలను తయారు చేస్తుంది. ఎందుకనగా, అది రెండు వేరు వేరు (కట్టడాల) పొడవులను రెండు రేఖాభాగాలుగా విభజిస్తుంది. మొత్తం నిష్పత్తి పెద్దదైన రేఖాభాగం మరియు చిన్నదానికి కూడా సమానం.

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పే నెం.8]

ప్రశ్న1.
క్రింది ఇచ్చిన నిష్పత్తుల బహుళ నిష్పత్తిని కనుగొనండి.
(i) 3 : 5 మరియు 4 : 3
సాధన:
3:5 మరియు 4 : 3 ల బహుళ నిష్పత్తి

(ii) 8 : 3 మరియు 6:5
సాధన:
8 : 3 మరియు 6 : 5 ల బహుళ నిష్పత్తి

(iii) 2 : 1 మరియు 8 : 7
సాధన :
2 : 1 మరియు 8 : 7 ల బహుళ నిష్పత్తి
2 × 8 : 1 × 7 = 16 : 7

ప్రశ్న2.
ఈ క్రింది ఖాళీలను సరైన సమాధానాలతో పూరించండి.

సాధన :

అన్వేషిద్దాం [పేజి నెం. 12]

→ ఒక ఇల్లు కట్టడానికి అవసరమైన కూలి పనివాళ్ళ సంఖ్య, వాళ్ళకి రోజువారి ఇచ్చే మొత్తం వేతనాన్ని క్రింద ఇవ్వబడింది.

సాధన:

ఆలోచించండి [పేజి నెం. 14]

→ 4 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల ₹ 80 అయిన 7 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల ఎంత ? పై సమస్యను ఏకవస్తు పద్ధతిని ఉపయోగించి సాధించ గలం. మీరు చేయగలరా ? ఎలా ? ఆలోచించు.
సాధన :
4 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల = ₹ 80
ఒక నోటు పుస్తకము వెల = 80 ÷ 4 = ₹ 20
7 నోటు పుస్తకముల వెల = ₹ 20 × 7
= ₹ 140

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో, [పేజి నెం. 14]

→ క్రింద ఇవ్వబడిన పట్టికలో రాశులు అనులోమాను పాతంలో ఉంటే ఖాళీలను పూరించండి :

సాధన :

ఇవి చేయండి కృత్యం [పేజి నెం. 16]

ఒక గడియారంని తీసుకుని నిమిషాల ముల్లు ఏదైనా ఒక సంఖ్య దగ్గర ఉంచండి. (ఇది 12 దగ్గర అయితే సులభం అవుతుంది) అప్పటి నుండి ప్రతి 15 నిమిషాల వ్యవధిలో ఆ ముల్లు చేసిన కోణాన్ని కనుక్కొని, నమోదు చేయండి.

పై రాశులు అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉన్నాయో, లేదో పరీక్షించండి.
సాధన.

అన్ని సందర్భాలలో x : y సమానంగా కలదు. కావున ఇచ్చిన రాశులు అనులోమానుపాతంలో కలవు.

ఆలోచించండి [పేజి నెం. 16]

ప్రశ్న 1.
నిమిషాల ముల్లు ఒక నిముషంలో చేయు కోణం ఎంత?
సాధన.
నిమిషాల ముల్లు ఒక నిముషంలో చేయు కోణం:
1 గంటలో నిమిషాల ముల్లు చేయు కోణం = 360°
(1 గంటకు ఒక భ్రమణాన్ని పూర్తి’ చేస్తుంది.)
60 నిమిషాలలో నిమిషాల ముల్లు చేయు కోణం = 360°
నిమిషాల ముల్లు తిరుగు సమయం మరియు అది చేయు కోణము అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
నిమిషాల ముల్లు ఒక నిమిషంలో చేయు కోణం = x° అనుకొందాం.
∴ 60 : 360° = 1 : x
అంత్యముల లబ్దం = మధ్యమముల లబ్దం
⇒ 60 = 60 × x = 360 × 1

∴ నిమిషాల ముల్లు ఒక నిమిషములో చేయు కోణం = 6°

ప్రశ్న 2.
గంటల ముల్లు ఒక నిముషంలో చేయు కోణం ఎంత?
సాధన.
గంటల ముల్లు ఒక నిమిషంలో చేయు కోణం:
12 గంటలలో గంటల ముల్లు చేయు కోణం = 360°
(గంటల ముల్లు 12 గంటలలో ఒక భ్రమణం పూర్తిచేస్తుంది.)
12 × 60 = 720 నిమిషాలలో గంటల ముల్లు చేయు కోణము = 360°
గంటల ముల్లు తిరుగు సమయం మరియు అది చేయు కోణము అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
గంటల ముల్లు ఒక నిమిషములో చేయు కోణం = x° అనుకొందాం.
∴ 720 : 360° = 1 : x°
అంత్యముల లబ్దం = మధ్యమముల లబ్దం
720 × x° = 360 × 1

∴ గంటల ముల్లు ఒక నిమిషములో చేయు కోణం = \(\frac{1}{2}^{\circ}\)

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 18]

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింద ఇవ్వబడిన రాశులు విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే, ఖాళీలను పూరించండి:

సాధన.

గమనిక: x, y లు విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే
x × y = k కావాలి.
2 × 90 = 180 అలాగే 3 × 60 = 180,
6 × 30 = 180, 5 × 36 = 180,
9 × 20 = 180
లబ్దం 180 అయ్యే విధంగా పట్టికను పూర్తి చేయాలి.

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 26]

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఈ క్రింద ఇవ్వబడిన పట్టికలో రాశులు ఏ విధమైన సంబంధాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్నాయో విశ్లేషించి ‘x’ విలువను కనుగొనండి.

సాధన.

(i) మనుషుల సంఖ్య, రోజుల సంఖ్య విలోమాను పాతంలో ఉంటాయి. (విలోమ నిష్పత్తి తీసుకోవాలి)
(ii) మనుషుల సంఖ్య, నిత్యావసరాల బరువు అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
∴ 18 : x = 108 : 70 మరియు 25 : 15 ల బహుళ నిష్పత్తి,
18 : x = 108 × 25 : 70 × 15
మధ్యమముల లబ్దం = అంత్యముల లబ్దం
⇒ x × 108 × 25 = 18 × 70 × 15

∴ x = 7

ఆలోచించండి [పేజి నెం. 36]

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఒక వ్యక్తి ₹10 కి 10 చాక్లెట్లు కొని, ₹12 కి 10 చాక్లెట్లు అమ్మాడు. అతనికి లాభమా ? నష్టమా ? ఎంత శాతం ?
సాధన.
10 చాక్లెట్లు కొన్నవెల (కొ.వె) = ₹ 10
10 చాక్లెట్లు అమ్మినవెల (అ.వె) = ₹ 12
అ.వె > కొ.వె. కావున లాభం వస్తుంది.
లాభం = S.P – C.P = 12 – 10 = ₹2

= \(\frac{2}{10}\) × 100 = 20%
(లేదా)
లాభశాతం = x అనుకొనుము.
కొ.వె., లాభం అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
10 : 2 = 100 : x
⇒ 10 × x = 2 × 100
⇒ x = \(\frac{2 \times 100}{10}\) = 20%
∴ లాభం = 20%

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఒక వర్తకుడు తను కొన్న సోఫాలను 50% ధరలను పెంచి, ఆ తర్వాత 50% తక్కువ ధరకు అమ్ముతున్నచో, అది లాభమా ? నష్టమా ?
సాధన.
సోఫా కొన్న వెల = ₹ 100 అనుకొనుము.

మొత్తం ధర = ₹ 100 + ₹ 50 = ₹ 150
నష్ట శాతం = 50%

నష్టం = ₹75
అ.వె. = మొత్తం ధర – నష్టం
= 150 – 75 = ₹ 75
కొ.వె. = ₹100; అ.వె. = ₹75
మరియు కొ.వె. > అ.వె.
కనుక, వర్తకుడు 25% నష్టాన్ని పొందాడు.

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 40]

సాధన.

(i) ప్రకటన వెల ₹500, రాయితీ 10%
రాయితీ = ₹500 పై 10%

= ₹50
అమ్మిన వెల = ₹500 – ₹50 = ₹450

(ii) ప్రకటన వెల ₹1250, రాయితీ 20%
రాయితీ = ₹1250 పై 20%

అమ్మిన వెల = ₹1250 – ₹250 = ₹ 1000.

(iii) ప్రకటన వెల ₹720, అమ్మిన వెల = ₹612
రాయితీ = ప్రకటన వెల – అమ్మిన వెల
= ₹720 – ₹612 = ₹ 108

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 48]

సాధన.

(i). అసలు (P) = 6000; కాలం (T) = 1,
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = 6

మొత్తం = 6000 + 360 = ₹6360

(ii) అసలు (P) = 10,000, కాలం (T) = 3,
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = 12

మొత్తం A = P + I
= 10,000 + 3,600 = ₹13,600

(iii) అసలు (P) = 30,000, కాలం ‘ (T) = 4,
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = ?

ఆలోచించండి [పేజి నెం. 48]

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఎంత వడ్డీ రేటుతో అసలు పది సంవత్సరాలలో రెట్టింపవుతుంది ?
సాధన.
అసలు (P),
కాలం (T) = 10,
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = ?
మొత్తం A = 2P
(అసలు రెట్టింపు కావలెనన్న వడ్డీ అసలుకు సమానం కావాలి. P = I)
∴ I = \(\frac{\text { PTR }}{100}\)

∴ R = 10%
10% వడ్డీరేటుతో అసలు పది సంవత్సరాలలో రెట్టింపు అవుతుంది.
(లేదా)
అసలు (P) = 100 అనుకొనుము.
కాలం (T) = 10 సంవత్సరాలు
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = ?
అసలు P = 100 రెట్టింపు కావలెనంటే
మొత్తం A = 200 కావలెను.
అనగా వడ్డీ I = 100 కావలెను.
I = \(\frac{\text { PTR }}{100}\)

∴ R = 10
10% వడ్డీరేటుతో అసలు పది సంవత్సరాలలో రెట్టింపు అవుతుంది.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఎంత వడ్డీ రేటుతో 15 సంవత్సరాలలో అసలు నాలుగు రెట్లు అవుతుంది ?
సాధన.
అసలు (P)
కాలం (T) = 15
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = ?
మొత్తం A = 4P
అసలు నాలుగు రెట్లు కావలెనన్న వడ్డీ అసలుకు 3 రెట్లు కావాలి. అనగా I = 3P కావలెను.
I = \(\frac{\text { PTR }}{100}\)
⇒ 3P = \(\frac{P \times 15 \times R}{100}\)

∴ R = 20%
(లేదా)
అసలు (P) = 100 అనుకొనుము.
కాలం (T) = 15 సంవత్సరాలు
వడ్డీరేటు (R) = ?
అసలు నాలుగు రెట్లు కావలెనన్న మొత్తం 400 కావలెను. అనగా వడ్డీ I = 300 కావలెను.
I = \(\frac{\text { PTR }}{100}\)

⇒ \(\frac{300}{15}\) = R
∴ R = 20%
∴ 20% వడ్డీ రేటున అసలు 15 సంవత్సరాలలో 4 రెట్లు అవుతుంది.

ఉదాహరణ

ప్రశ్న 1.
8 : 7 మరియు 9 : 13ల బహుళ నిష్పత్తిని కనుగొనుము.
సాధన.
దత్త నిష్పత్తి = 8 : 7 : 9 : 13
(బహుళ నిష్పత్తి = పూర్వ పదాల లబ్ధం : పర పదాల లబ్ధం)
బహుళ నిష్పత్తి = 8 × 9 : 7 × 13 = 72 : 91

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఇద్దరు స్నేహితులు ప్రభు, సురేష్ ఒక్కొక్కరు ₹1,00,000 తో ఒక వ్యాపారాన్ని ప్రారంభించారు. మూడు నెలల తర్వాత సురేష్ వ్యాపారం నుండి వైదొలిగాడు. సంవత్సరాంతమున వారికి ₹20,000 లాభం వచ్చిన, దానిలో సురేష్ మరియు ప్రభుల లాభాల వాటాలు లెక్కించండి.
సాధన.
ఇక్కడ సురేష్, ప్రభులు ఇద్దరూ ఒక్కొక్కరు
₹1,00,000తో వ్యాపారాన్ని ప్రారంభించారు. ప్రభు సంవత్సరమంతా వ్యాపారంలో కొనసాగాడు.
సురేష్ వ్యాపారంలో మూడు నెలలు మాత్రమే కొనసాగాడు.
వారి యొక్క పెట్టుబడుల నిష్పత్తి
= 1,00,000 : 1,00,000 = 1 : 1
ప్రభు, సురేషన్లు వ్యాపారంలో కొనసాగిన కాలాల నిష్పత్తి
= 12 : 3 = 4 : 1
అందువల్ల, వారి యొక్క లాభాన్ని వారి యొక్క పెట్టుబడులు మరియు కాలాల యొక్క బహుళ నిష్పత్తి ఆధారంగా పంచుకోవాలి.
బహుళ నిష్పత్తి = 1 × 4 : 1 × 1 = 4 : 1
లాభం = ₹20,000
మొత్తం భాగాలు = 4 + 1 = 5
సురేష్ యొక్క లాభం = 20,000 × \(\frac{1}{2}\) = ₹4,000
ప్రభు యొక్క లాభం = 20,000 – 4,000
= ₹ 16,000

ప్రశ్న 3.
రాణి ఒక బ్యూటీపార్లర్ ను ₹ 75,000 పెట్టుబడితో ప్రారంభించింది. నాలుగు నెలల తరువాత వాణి, రాణితో అదే వ్యాపారంలో ₹ 50,000 పెట్టుబడి పెట్టింది. సంవత్సరాంతమున వారిరువురు ₹52,000 లాభాన్ని సంపాదించారు. అయిన రాణి, వాణి లాభాల వాటాలు ఎంతెంత ?
సాధన.
రాణి యొక్క పెట్టుబడి = ₹75,000
రాణి యొక్క వ్యాపార కాలం = 1 సంవత్సరం
= 12 నెలలు
వాణి యొక్క పెట్టుబడి = ₹50,000
వాణి యొక్క వ్యాపార కాలం = 8 నెలలు
రాణి మరియు వాణిల పెట్టుబడుల నిష్పత్తి
= 75,000 : 50,000 = 3 : 2
రాణి మరియు వాణిల వ్యాపార కాలాల నిష్పత్తి
= 12 : 8 = 3 : 2
కావున, వారి యొక్క లాభాన్ని వారి యొక్క పెట్టుబడులు మరియు కాలాల యొక్క బహుళ నిష్పత్తి ఆధారంగా పంచుకోవాలి.
బహుళ నిష్పత్తి = 3 × 3 : 2 × 2 = 9 : 4
లాభం = ₹ 52,000
మొత్తం భాగాలు = 9 + 4 = 13 .
రాణి యొక్క లాభం = 52000 × \(\frac{9}{13}\)
= ₹ 36000
వాణి యొక్క లాభం = 52000 – 36000
= ₹ 16,000

ప్రశ్న 4.
3 : 4 మరియు 9 : x లు అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే x విలువ ఎంత?
సాధన.
3 : 4 మరియు 9 : x అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే వాటి నిష్పత్తి స్థిరము.
∴ \(\frac{3}{4}\) = \(\frac{9}{x}\)
⇒ 3 × x = 4 × 9
⇒ x = \(\frac{4 \times 9}{3}\) = 12

ప్రశ్న 5.
4 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల ₹80 అయిన 7 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల ఎంత ?
సాధన.

ఇక్కడ నోటు పుస్తకాల సంఖ్య పెరిగిన, వాటి వెల కూడా పెరుగుతుంది. అదే విధంగా నోటు పుస్తకాల సంఖ్యకు, వాటి వెలకు గల నిష్పత్తి స్థిరము. అనగా ఇక్కడ నోటు పుస్తకాల సంఖ్య, వాటి వెల అనులోమాను పాతంలో ఉన్నాయి.
ఆ ఏడు నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల ‘x’ అనుకున్నచో,
అప్పుడు 4 : 80 = 7 : x
నిష్పత్తులు సమానం అయినప్పుడు,
అంత్యముల లబ్దం = మధ్యమముల లబ్దం –
4 × x = 80 × 7
⇒ x = \(\frac{80 \times 7}{4}\)
= ₹ 140
∴ 7 నోటు పుస్తకాల వెల = ₹ 140

ప్రశ్న 6.
ఒక పటాన్ని 1 : 30000 స్కేలు (పరిమాణం)తో గీయబడింది. పటంలో రెండు పట్టణాల మధ్య దూరం 20 సెం.మీ. అయిన, రెండు పట్టణాల మధ్య వాస్తవ దూరం ఎంత ?
సాధన.
పటంలో ఉన్న దూరానికి, వాస్తవ దూరం అనులోమాను
పాతంలో ఉంటుందని మనం గమనించవచ్చు. రెండు పట్టణాల మధ్య వాస్తవ దూరం ‘X’ అనుకున్నచో,
1 : 30000 = 20 : x
నిష్పత్తులు సమానం కావున, అంత్యముల లబ్దం = మధ్యమముల లబ్దం
∴ 1 × X = 30,000 × 20
⇒ x = 6,00,000 సెం.మీ. = 6 కి. మీ.
[1,00,000 సెం.మీ. = 1000 మీ. = 1 కి.మీ.]
పటంలో 20 సెం.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్న పట్టణాల మధ్య వాస్తవ దూరం = 6 కి. మీ.

ప్రశ్న 7.
4, 7 మరియు 2, x లు విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే, x విలువ ఎంత?
సాధన.
4, 7 మరియు 2, x లు విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉన్నాయి.
అందువల్ల, 4 × 7 = 2 × x
⇒ x = \(\frac{4 \times 7}{2}\) = 14

ప్రశ్న 8.
18 మంది పనివాళ్ళు ఒక గోడను 12 రోజులలో కట్టగలరు. అయిన ఎనిమిది మంది పనివాళ్ళు, అలాంటి గోడను ఎన్ని రోజులలో నిర్మించగలరు ?

సాధన.
పనివాళ్ళ సంఖ్య తగ్గుతూ ఉంటే, గోడ కట్టడానికి పట్టే రోజుల సంఖ్య పెరుగుతుంది. కావున, పనివాళ్ళ సంఖ్య మరియు గోడ కట్టడానికి పట్టే రోజుల సంఖ్య విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
గోడ కట్టడానికి పట్టే రోజుల సంఖ్య ‘X’ అనుకొనుము.

పనివాళ్ళ సంఖ్య	రోజుల సంఖ్య
18	12
8	x

విలోమానుపాతాన్ని తీసుకుంటే,
18 : 8 = x : 12
అప్పుడు, 18 × 12 = 8 × x
= 8 × x = 18 × 12
⇒ x = \(\frac{18 \times 12}{8}\) = 27 రోజులు
∴ కావున, ఎనిమిది మంది పనివాళ్ళు 27 రోజులలో గోడను నిర్మించగలరు.

ఇది పరిశీలించండి:
విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే, లబ్దం ఎల్లప్పుడూ స్థిరం.
18 × 12 = 8 × X
⇒ 8 × x = 18 × 12
⇒ x = \(\frac{18 \times 12}{8}\)
= 27 రోజులు

ప్రశ్న 9.
ఒక పెద్ద నీళ్ళ తొట్టెను నాలుగు పంపులు 1 గం. 30ని. లలో నింపగలవు. అదే తొట్టెను 3 పంపులు ఎంత సమయంలో నింపగలవు?

సాధన.
సమయం ‘X’ అనుకుంటే
1 గం. 30 ని. = 60 + 30 = 90 ని.
పంపుల సంఖ్య తగ్గుతూ ఉంటే, నీళ్ళ తొట్టె నిండడానికి పట్టే సమయం పెరుగుతూ ఉంటుంది.
కనుక పంపుల సంఖ్య, తొట్టె నిండే సమయం విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉండును.

పైపుల సంఖ్య	నింపడానికి పట్టే కాలం (ని.)
4	90
3	x

విలోమానుపాతాన్ని తీసుకుంటే:
4 : 3 = x : 90
అప్పుడు, 4 × 90 = 3 × x
⇒ 3 × x = 4 × 90
⇒ x = \(\frac{4 \times 90}{3}\) = 120 ని.
∴ కావున, మూడు పంపులు కలిపి ఆ నీళ్ళ తొట్టెను 120 ని. లేదా 2 గం.లలో నింపగలవు.

ఇది పరిశీలించండి:
విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటే, లబ్దం ఎల్లప్పుడూ స్థిరం.
4 × 90 = 3 × x
⇒ 3 × x = 4 × 90
⇒ x = \(\frac{4 \times 90}{3}\) = 120 ని.

ప్రశ్న 10.
30 మంది వ్యక్తులు 40 కి.గ్రా. చక్కెరను పది రోజులలో వాడిన, 80 మంది వ్యక్తులు 320 కి.గ్రా.ల చక్కెరను ఎన్ని రోజులలో వినియోగిస్తారు? ఎలా సాధిస్తాం?
సాధన.
ఇక్కడ 3 రాశులు ఉన్నాయి. అవి మనుషుల సంఖ్య, చక్కెర బరువు మరియు రోజుల సంఖ్యలు.

పై పట్టిక నుండి తెలియని రాశిని తెలిసిన రాశులతో వేర్వేరుగా పోల్చగలరు.
→ రోజుల సంఖ్య మరియు వ్యక్తుల సంఖ్య రెండు రాశులు విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి. దీనిని ↑ గుర్తుతో సూచించాం.
→ రోజుల సంఖ్య మరియు చక్కెర బరువు రెండు రాశు లు అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి. దీనిని ↓ గుర్తుతో సూచించాం.
ఇక్కడ రోజుల సంఖ్య, వ్యక్తుల సంఖ్య మరియు చక్కెర బరువులు రెండింటిపై ఆధారపడుతుంది. కావున, మనం 80 : 30 మరియు 40 : 320 బహుళ నిష్పత్తులను తీసుకోవాలి.
∴ 10 : x = 80 × 40 : 30 × 320
= 3200 : 9600
నిష్పత్తులు సమానం కావున, అంత్యముల లబ్దం, మధ్యమముల లబ్దానికి సమానం.
10 : x = 3200 : 9600
⇒ 10 × 9600 = x × 3200
⇒ x × 3200 = 10 × 9600
⇒ x = \(\frac{10 \times 9600}{3200}\) = 30

ప్రశ్న 11.
8 మంది రంగులు వేసేవారు 160 మీ. పొడవు గల ఒక గోడకు, 5 రోజులలో రంగులు వేయగలరు. 240మీ. పొడవు గల గోడకు, 10 రోజులలో రంగు వేయుటకు ఎంత మంది పనివాళ్ళు కావలెను ?
సాధన.
ఇక్కడ మూడు రాశులు అనగా రంగులు వేసేవారి సంఖ్య, గోడ పొడవు మరియు రోజుల సంఖ్య గలవు.

రంగులు వేసేవారి సంఖ్య, గోడ పొడవు అనులోమాను పాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
రంగులు వేసేవారి సంఖ్య, రోజుల సంఖ్యకు విలోమాను పాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
రంగులు వేసేవారి సంఖ్య, గోడ పొడవు మరియు రోజుల సంఖ్య రెండింటిపైనా ఆధారపడి ఉండడం వల్ల మనం 160 : 240 మరియు 10 : 5 నిష్పత్తుల బహుళ నిష్పత్తిని తీసుకోవాలి.
∴ 8 : x = 160 × 10 : 240 × 5
నిష్పత్తులు సమానం. కావున, అంత్యముల లబ్దం, మధ్యమముల లబ్దానికి సమానం.
8 : x = 160 × 10 : 240 × 5
⇒ x × 160 × 10 = 8 × 240 × 5
⇒ x = \(\frac{8 \times 240 \times 5}{160 \times 10}\) = 6
రంగులు వేయుటకు కావల్సినవారి సంఖ్య = 6

ప్రశ్న 12.
195 మంది పురుషులు రోజుకి పది గంటలు చొప్పున పనిచేసిన, 20 రోజులలో ఒక పనిని పూర్తి చేయగలరు. అదే పనిని రోజుకి 13 గంటల చొప్పున పనిచేస్తూ, 15 రోజులలో పూర్తి చేయుటకు ఎంత మంది పురుషులు అవసరమవుతారు ?
సాధన.
ఇక్కడ 3 రాశులు అనగా పురుషుల సంఖ్య, రోజుల సంఖ్య మరియు రోజుకి పనిచేసిన గంటలు కలవు.

ఇక్కడ పురుషుల సంఖ్య, రోజుకి పనిచేసిన గంటల సంఖ్య విలోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
పురుషుల సంఖ్య, రోజుకి పని చేసిన గంటలు మరియు రోజుల సంఖ్య రెండింటిపై ఆధారపడి ఉండడం వల్ల మనం 13 : 10 మరియు 15: 20 నిష్పత్తుల బహుళ నిష్పత్తిని తీసుకోవాలి.
కావున 195 : x = 13 × 15 : 20 × 10
నిష్పత్తులు సమానం. కావున, అంత్యముల లబ్దం, మధ్యమముల లబ్దానికి సమానం.
⇒ x × 13 × 15 = 195 × 20 × 10
⇒ x = \(\frac{195 \times 20 \times 10}{13 \times 15}\) = 200
కావున, అవసరమైన పురుషుల సంఖ్య = 200

ప్రశ్న 13.
క్రింది శాతాలను భిన్నాలుగా, దశాంశాలుగా మరియు నిష్పత్తులుగా రాయండి.
(i) 45%
సాధన.
45% = \(\frac{45}{100}\) = \(\frac{9}{20}\) (భిన్నం)
= 0.45 (దశాంశం)
= 9:20 (నిష్పత్తి)

(ii) 62%
సాధన.
62% = \(\frac{62}{100}\) = \(\frac{31}{50}\) (భిన్నం)
= 0.62 (దశాంశం)
= 31:50 (నిష్ప త్తి)

ప్రశ్న 14.
150 లో 24% కనుక్కోండి మరియు ఆ సంఖ్యలో మిగిలిన సంఖ్యను కనుక్కోండి.
సాధన.
150 లో 24% = \(\frac{24}{100}\) × 150 = 36
ఆ సంఖ్యలో మిగిలిన సంఖ్య
= 150 – 36 = 114

ప్రశ్న 15.
రఘు పెన్నులను ₹ 400 కొని, ₹ 480 కి అమ్మిన, అతని లాభం లేదా నష్టశాతాన్ని కనుగొనండి.
సాధన.
తరగతిలోని జ్యోతి అనే విద్యార్థి ఈ విధంగా సాధించింది:
రఘు పెన్ను కొన్నవెల = ₹ 400,
అమ్మినవెల = ₹480
అమ్మినవెల > కొన్నవెల కావున రఘుకి లాభం వస్తుంది.
లాభం = 480 – 400 = ₹80
లాభ శాతం = \(\frac{80}{400}\) × 100 = 20%

విద్యార్థి అన్వర్ ఈ క్రింది విధంగా సాధించాడు:
రఘు పెన్ను కొన్నవెల = ₹ 400,
అమ్మినవెల = ₹480
లాభం = అమ్మినవెల – కొన్నవెల
= 480 – 400 = ₹80
లాభానికి, కొన్నవెలకి గల నిష్పత్తి లేదా భిన్నం \(\frac{80}{400}\).
∴ లాభ శాతం = \(\frac{80}{400}\) × 100 = 20%

విద్యార్ధి సురేష్ అనుపాతాన్ని ఉపయోగించి ఇలా చేశాడు:
రఘు కొన్నవెల ₹400 అయితే లాభం ₹80, కొన్నవెల ₹100 అయితే లాభం ‘X’ అనుకొనుము. ఇక్కడ కొన్నవెల మరియు లాభం అనులోమాను పాతంలో ఉన్నాయి.
x : 80 = 100 : 400
⇒ \(\frac{x}{80}\) = \(\frac{100}{400}\)
⇒ x × 400 = 100 × 80
⇒ x = \(\frac{100 \times 80}{400}\) = 20%
లాభం = 100 కి 20
లాభ శాతం = 20%

ప్రశ్న 16.
రమణ ఒక సైకిలును ₹1200 కి కొని, తన స్నేహితుడు రెహమానకు ₹900 కి అమ్మాడు. అయితే రమణ యొక్క లాభం లేదా నష్టశాతాన్ని కనుక్కోండి.
సాధన.
రమణ యొక్క కొన్న వెల = ₹1200
అమ్మిన వెల = ₹ 900
ఇక్కడ అ.వె. < కొ.వె. కావున రమణకి నష్టం వస్తుంది.
నష్టం = కొ.వె. – అ.వె. ఆ
= 1200 – 900 = ₹ 300
నష్టశాతం = \(\frac{300}{1200}\) × 100 = 25%

ప్రశ్న 17.
జాన్ ఒక కారును ₹ 1,50,000 కొన్నాడు. 10% లాభానికి అతను కారును అమ్మిన వెల కనుక్కోండి.

సాధన.
కొన్న వెల = ₹1,50,000
లాభం % = 10%
అనగా లాభం = ₹1,50,000 లో 10%
= \(\frac{10}{100}\) × 150000
= ₹ 15000
అ.వె. = కొ.వె. + లాభం
= ₹1,50,000 + ₹ 15000
= ₹1,65,000

ఈ సమస్యను అనుపాతాన్ని ఉపయోగించి సాధించవచ్చు:
లాభం 10% అనగా,
కొ.వె. ₹ 100 అయితే లాభం ₹ 10
అప్పుడు అ.వె. = ₹100 + ₹ 10
= ₹110
ప్రస్తుత సమస్యలో కొ.వె. = ₹ 1,50,000
అ.వె. = x అనుకుంటే
కొ.వె. మరియు అ.వె. అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.

ప్రశ్న 18.
కిరణ్ ఒక రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్‌ను ₹16800కి అమ్మితే అతనికి లాభం వచ్చిన, ఆ రిఫ్రిజిరేటర్ కొన్నవెల ఎంత ?

సాధన.
రూప ఈ సమస్యను ఏకవస్తు పద్ధతిని ఉపయోగించి చేసింది.
అ.వె. = 16,800
లాభం % = 12%
కొ.వె ₹ 100 అయితే, లాభం ₹12
కావున అ.వె = ₹ 112
అనగా కొ.వె ₹ 100 అయితే అ.వె ₹ 112
అ.వె కనుక ₹ 1 అయితే, కొ.వి = \(\frac{100}{112}\)
ఇక్కడ అ.వె ₹ 16,800
కనుక, \(\frac{100}{112}\) × 16,800
కొ.వె = ₹ 15,000

స్నేహ ఈ సమస్యను అనుపాతాన్ని ఉపయోగించి క్రింది విధంగా సాధించింది:
లాభం % = 12%, అ.వె. = ₹ 16800
కొ.వె ₹100 అయితే, లాభం ₹12.
అప్పుడు ఆ.వె. = ₹112
ఇక్కడ అ.వె₹ 16,800
కొ.వె = ‘x’ అనుకుంటే
కొ.వె మరియు అ.వే లు అనులోమానుపాతంలో ఉంటాయి.
∴ \(\frac{x}{16800}\) = \(\frac{100}{112}\)
⇒ x = \(\frac{100 \times 16800}{112}\) = ₹15000

ప్రశ్న 19.
ఒక వస్తువు యొక్క ధర ప్రతి సంవత్సరం, దాని ముందు సంవత్సరం కంటే 10% తగ్గుతూ ఉంటుంది. 2 సంవత్సరాల తర్వాత ఆ వస్తువు వెల ₹ 32,400 అయిన, దాని అసలు వెల ఎంత ?
సాధన.
ఒక వస్తువు వెల మొదటి సంవత్సరం ప్రారంభమున ₹ 100 అయితే, రెండవ సంవత్సరం ప్రారంభానికి అనగా మొదటి సంవత్సరం పూర్తయ్యేసరికి 10% తగ్గుతుంది. అనగా దాని వెల ₹ 90 అవుతుంది. రెండవ సంవత్సరం పూర్తయ్యేసరికి అనగా 3వ సంవత్సరం ప్రారంభానికి దాని వెల 10% తగ్గుతుంది. అనగా 90 లో 10% తగ్గుతుంది.
90 – 9 = ₹ 81
₹ 100 వెల కలిగిన ఒక వస్తువు, 2 సంవత్సరాల తర్వాత దాని వెల ₹81 అవుతుంది.
వస్తువు వెల ప్రారంభంలో ₹ ‘x’ అనుకుంటే
2 సంవత్సరాల తర్వాత దాని వెల ₹ 32,400
కావున, ప్రారంభపు వెలల నిష్పత్తి = 2 సంవత్సరాల తర్వాత వెలల నిష్పత్తి అవుతుంది.
⇒ x : 100 = 32400 : 81
⇒ \(\frac{x}{100}\) = \(\frac{32400}{81}\)
⇒ x = \(\frac{32400 \times 100}{81}\) = ₹ 40000

ప్రశ్న 20.
రాయితీలను కనుక్కోండి.
(i) ప్రకటన వెల ₹450, అమ్మిన వెల = ₹415
(ii) ప్రకటన వెల ₹810, అమ్మిన వెల = ₹ 765
సాధన.
(i) రాయితీ = ప్రకటన వెల – అమ్మిన వెల
= 450 – 415 = ₹35.

(ii) రాయితీ = ప్రకటన వెల 7 అమ్మిన వేల
= 810 – 765 = ₹45.

ప్రశ్న 21.
ఒక వస్తువు యొక్క ప్రకటన వెల ₹ 400, రాయితీ ₹40 అయిన రాయితీ శాతాన్ని కనుక్కోండి.
సాధన.
రాయితీ = ₹40; ప్రకటన వెల = ₹400
రాయితీ శాతం = \(\frac{40}{400}\) × 100 = 10

ప్రశ్న 22.
ఒక వర్తకుడు వస్తువులను, తను కొన్న వెల కంటే 20% అదనంగా పెంచి, తర్వాత 10% రాయితీపై వస్తువులను అమ్ముతున్నాడు. అతని యొక్క లాభశాతం ఎంత ?
సాధన.
కొన్నవెల వంద రూపాయలు అనుకుంటే
ప్రకటన వెల = 100 + 20 = ₹ 120
రాయితీ = 10%
రాయితీ = \(\frac{10}{100}\) × 120 = 12%
అమ్మిన వెల = ప్రకటన వెల – రాయితీ
= ₹120 – ₹ 12 = ₹108
లాభం = 108 – 100 = ₹8
లాభ శాతం = \(\frac{8}{100}\) × 100 = 8%
రాయితీ తర్వాత వర్తకుడు 8% లాభాన్ని పొందుతాడు.

ప్రశ్న 23.
సాధారణ వడ్డీ మరియు మొత్తాలను లెక్కించండి. –
(i) అసలు ₹5000, కాలం 2 సంవత్సరాలు, వడ్డీ 10%
(ii) అసలు ₹25000, కాలం 3 సంవత్సరాలు, వడ్డీ 12%
సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 24.
రహీం ₹25000 ను, సంవత్సరానికి 10% వడ్డీతో అప్పు తీసుకున్నాడు. అయితే మూడు సంవత్సరాలకి అయ్యే సాధారణ వడ్డీ ఎంత ?
సాధన.
పై సమస్యను రాజేష్ క్రింది విధంగా చేశాడు :
అసలు = ₹25000; కాలం = 3 సంవత్సరాలు
వడ్డీ రేటు = 10%
సాధారణ వడీ I = \(\frac{\mathrm{P} \times \mathrm{T} \times \mathrm{R}}{100}\)
= \(\frac{25000 \times 3 \times 10}{100}\) = ₹ 7500
మొత్తం = అసలు + వడ్డీ
= ₹ 25000 + ₹ 7500 = ₹ 32500
సంగీత ఈ క్రింది విధంగా చేసింది:
ఒక సంవత్సరానికి మనం చెల్లించవలసింది 10% మూడు సంవత్సరాలకి వడ్డీ = 3 × 10 = 30%
సాధారణ వడ్డీ = \(\frac{30}{100}\) × 25000 = ₹ 7500
మొత్తం = ₹ 25000 + ₹ 7500 = ₹ 32500

ప్రశ్న 25.
ఎంత సొమ్ముపై సంవత్సరానికి 9% వడ్డీతో, 3 సంవత్సరాల 4 నెలల కాలానికి, సాధారణ వడ్డీ ₹6000 అవుతుంది ?
సాధన.
సాధారణ వడ్డీ = ₹6000

ప్రశ్న 26.
ఎంత శాతం వడ్డీ రేటుతో, అసలు ₹70000కి \(2^{1 / 2}\) సంవత్సరాలలో సాధారణ వడ్డీ₹14000 అవుతుంది?
సాధన.
అసలు = ₹ 70000
కాలం = \(2^{1 / 2}\) సంవత్సరాలు = \(\frac{5}{2}\) సంవత్సరాలు
సాధారణ వడ్డీ = ₹ 14000

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము InText Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము InText Questions

[పేజి నెం. 198]

ఈ క్రింది చిత్రములను చూసి, సౌష్ఠవాన్ని గూర్చి నీవు పరిశీలించిన అంశాలను చెప్పండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
పై చిత్రంలో నీవు ఏమి గమనించావు ?
సాధన.
బాతులు, కుడ్య చిత్రాలు, సీతాకోకచిలుక, గడియార స్తంభం మరియు రంగులరాట్నం సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్నాయి.

ప్రశ్న 2.
చిత్రంలో గల వివిధ ఆకారాల పేర్లను చెప్పగలవా ?
సాధన.
షడ్భుజి, వృత్తం, దీర్ఘచతురస్రం మొదలైనవి.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఏ చిత్రాలు అందంగా, ఆకర్షణీయంగా కనిపిస్తున్నాయి ? ఎందుకు ?
సాధన.
ఫ్లోరింగ్, గేటు వంపు మరియు కుడ్య చిత్రాలు అందంగా ఉన్నాయి. ఎందువలననగా అవి రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలను కలిగి ఉన్నాయి.

ప్రశ్న 4.
ఏ చిత్రాలు సౌష్ఠవం కలిగియున్నాయి ?
సాధన.
బాతులు, కుడ్య చిత్రాలు, రంగులరాట్నం మరియు గడియార స్తంభం సౌష్ఠవం కలిగి ఉన్నాయి.

ప్రశ్న 5.
నీవు వాటికి రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాలను గీయగలవా ?
సాధన.
గీయగలను.

[పేజి నెం. 200]

ఈ క్రింది పటాలను పరిశీలించండి. వాటిని సరిగ్గా సగానికి మడిచినపుడు మడిచిన ఒక భాగము మరొక భాగంతో ఏకీభవిస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 1.
అలాంటి పటాలను ఏమని పిలుస్తారు ?
సాధన.
సౌష్ఠవ పటాలు అంటాము.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఆ పటాలలో ఒక భాగం మరొక భాగంతో ఏకీభవించేటట్లుగా మడిచిన భాగం వెంబడి రేఖను మనం ఏమంటాము?
సాధన.
రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం లేదా సౌష్ఠవాక్షం అంటారు.

అన్వేషిద్దాం [పేజి నెం. 204]

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రమబహుభుజి యొక్క భుజాలు మరియు వాటి రేఖాసౌష్ఠవంకు మధ్య గల సంబంధం కనుగొనండి.
సాధన.

పై పట్టిక నుండి మనం క్రమబహుభుజిలో ఎన్ని భుజాలు ఉన్నాయో అన్ని సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలు గీయవచ్చును.
క్రమబహుభుజి యొక్క సౌష్ఠవాక్షాల సంఖ్య = క్రమబహుభుజి యొక్క భుజాల సంఖ్య.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఒక వృత్తమునకు ఎన్ని సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలను గీయగలము?
సాధన.

వృత్తానికి అనంత సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలను గీయగలము.

ఆలోచించండి పేజి నెం. 206]

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింద ఇచ్చిన వాక్యాలకు అనుగుణంగా మూడు ఆకారాలను గీయండి:

(i) సౌష్ఠవాక్షము లేనిది
సాధన.

(ii) ఒకే ఒక సౌష్ఠవాక్షము కలది
సాధన.

(iii) 2 సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు కలది
సాధన.

(iv) 3 సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు కలది
సాధన.

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 210]

క్రింద ఇచ్చిన ఆంగ్ల అక్షరాలు భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవము కలిగియున్నవో లేవో కనుగొనండి. భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం ఉన్నచో భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ బిందువు మరియు పరిమాణం కనుగొనండి.

సాధన.

నీ ప్రగతిని సరిచూసుకో [పేజి నెం. 214]

క్రింది చిత్రాలను గమనించి, వాటి భ్రమణ కోణం మరియు భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం రాయండి.

సాధన.
(i) భ్రమణ చక్రం భ్రమణ కోణం = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{3}\) = 120°
భ్రమణ చక్రం భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{x^{\circ}}\) = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{120^{\circ}}\) = 3

(ii) రంగుల రాట్నం భ్రమణ కోణం = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{6}\) = 60° (రంగుల రాట్నం అసర్వసమాన భాగాలుగా,విభజించబడినది).
రంగుల రాట్నం భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{x^{\circ}}\) = \(\frac{360^{\circ}}{60^{\circ}}\) = 6

[పేజి నెం. 216]

అమరికలు (టెస్సలేషన్స్): మన నిత్యజీవితంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉపయోగించే వస్తువులలో కనీసం ఒక రకమైన సౌష్ఠవమైనా కలిగియుంటుంది. యంత్రంతో తయారుచేసిన వస్తువులలో ఎక్కువశాతం సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగియుంటాయి.

ఈ కింది అమరికలను పరిశీలించండి:

(i) మీరు వీటిని ఎక్కడ చూశారు?
సాధన.
మనం సాధారణంగా ఈ అమరికలను ఇంటి గచ్చు డిజైన్లలో మరియు బట్టల ప్రింటింగ్ మొదలగు వాటిలో గమనిస్తాం.

(ii) ఈ అమరికలు ఎలా ఏర్పడతాయి? అవి మొత్తంగా సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగియుంటాయా? ఈ అమరికలు (టెస్సలేషన్స్) ఏర్పడడానికి ఉపయోగించిన ప్రాథమిక పటాలు సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగియున్నాయా?
సాధన.
పటం (i) మరియు (ii) లలో, ప్రామాణిక పటాన్ని అనుసరించి కొన్ని అమరికలు మాత్రమే సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగి యున్నాయి. పటం (iii) ని పరిశీలించండి. అమరికను ఏర్పరుచుటకు చతురస్రాకార లేదా షడ్భుజాకారంలో ఉన్న ప్రామాణిక పటంలో రెండు ఆకారాలను గమనించవచ్చు.

సాధారణంగా, ఈ అమరికలు సర్వసమాన పటాలను కొంత ప్రదేశంలో అన్ని దిశలలో ప్రక్కప్రక్కనే ఎటువంటి ఖాళీలు లేకుండా అమర్చడం ద్వారా ఏర్పడుతాయి. వీటినే అమరికలు (టెస్సలేషన్స్) అంటారు. ఇలాంటి అమరికలు చిత్రాల యొక్క అందాన్ని మరింత పెంచుతాయి.

క్రింద ఉన్న పటాలకు అందమైన అమరికలను పొందడానికి వివిధ రంగులను వేయండి.

సాధన.
విద్యార్థులకు స్వయంగా చేయడం కోసం వదిలి పెట్టడం జరిగినది.

అన్వేషిద్ధాంతం [పేజి నెం. 218]

భుజం పొడవు 3 సెం.మీ. ఉండేలా ఒక చతురస్రాన్ని నిర్మించండి. వానికి సాధ్యమయ్యే అన్ని సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలు గీయండి.
(నిర్మాణ సోపానాలు రాయనవసరం లేదు).
సాధన.

ఉదాహరణలు

ప్రశ్న 1.
ABC సమబాహు త్రిభుజం భ్రమణ కేంద్రం ‘P’ చుట్టూ (కోణ సమద్విఖండన రేఖల ఖండన బిందువు), 120°, 240° మరియు 360° కోణములలో భ్రమణం చెందించినప్పటికి క్రింద చూపినట్లు ఇచ్చిన పటాన్ని పోలి ఉంటుంది. ఇచ్చిన పటం

అనగా పై చిత్రం యొక్క భ్రమణ పరిమాణం 3.

ప్రశ్న 2.
క్రింది పటాన్ని భ్రమణ కేంద్రం ‘O’ (BC మధ్య బిందువు) చుట్టూ 360° కోణం భ్రమణం చెందిస్తే ఆ పటం’ రెండుసార్లు పటంలో చూపినట్లు మొదటి పటాన్ని పోలి ఉంటుంది. (1809, 360° కోణంలో భ్రమణం చెందించిన)
ఇచ్చిన పటం

ప్రశ్న 3.
‘S’ అను ఆంగ్ల అక్షరం బిందు సౌష్ఠవం కలిగియుందో లేదో సరిచూడండి.

సాధన.
అవును. బిందుసౌష్ఠవం కలిగి యుంది. ఎందుకనగా ఇచ్చిన చిత్రంలో మనకు
(i) అక్షరంలో కేంద్రానికి సమాన దూరంలో ప్రతి భాగానికి సరిపోలిన మరొక భాగం కలదు.
(ii) ప్రతి భాగం మరియు దానికి సరిపోలిన భాగం వ్యతిరేక దిశలలో కలవు.

తార్మిక విభాగం అద్దంలో ప్రతిబింబాలు [పేజి నెం. 222]

ఒక వస్తువు ఆకారం అద్దంలో ఎలా కనపడుతుందో అదే అద్దంలో ప్రతిబింబం. అద్దంలో వస్తువు ప్రతిబింబం, కుడివైపునది ఎడమవైపుగా కనిపిస్తుంది. అదేవిధంగా ఎడమవైపునది, కుడివైపునదిగా కనపడుతుంది. కొన్ని వస్తువులు అద్దంటో కూడా అదేలా ఉంటాయి. ఉదాహరణకు, ఆంగ్లంలో 11 పెద్ద అక్షరాలు అద్దంలో ప్రతిబింబాలు మారవు. అవి: A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X మరియు Y.

అద్దంలో ఆంగ్ల అక్షరాలు మరియు కొన్ని సంఖ్యల ప్రతిబింబాలు:

సాధనా ప్రశ్నలు [పేజి నెం. 224]

క్రింద ఇచ్చిన పదాలకు అద్దంలో ఏర్పడే ప్రతిబింబాలను ఎన్నుకోండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
LATERAL

జవాబు.
b

ప్రశ్న 2.
QUANTITATIVE

జవాబు.
d

ప్రశ్న 3.
JUDGEMENT

జవాబు.
c

ప్రశ్న 4.
EMANATE

జవాబు.
b

ప్రశ్న 5.
KALINGA261B

జవాబు.
d

ప్రశ్న 6.
COLONIAL

జవాబు.
d

ప్రశ్న 7.
BR4AQ16HI

జవాబు.
a

ప్రశ్న 8.
R4E3N2U

జవాబు.
c

ప్రశ్న 9.
DL3N469F

జవాబు.
b

ప్రశ్న 10.
MIRROR

జవాబు.
d

నీటిలో ప్రతిబింబాలు [పేజి నెం. 224]

ఒక వస్తువు ఆకారం నీటిలో ఎలా కనపడుతుందో అదే నీటిలో ప్రతిబింబం. వస్తువు పైభాగం క్రిందివైపుకు అదేవిధంగా క్రిందిభాగం పైవైపుకు కనబడుతుంది. కొన్ని వస్తువుల నీటి ప్రతిబింబాలు ఆ వస్తువులను పోలియుంటాయి. ఉదాహరణకు : క్రింద ఇచ్చిన తొమ్మిది ఆంగ్ల పెద్ద అక్షరాల నీటి ప్రతిబింబాలు మారవు. అవి: B, C, D, E, H, I, K,0 మరియు X.

సాధనా ప్రశ్నలు [పేజి నెం. 226]

ఇచ్చిన పదాల యొక్క సరియైన నీటి ప్రతిబింబాలు కనుగొనండి.

ప్రశ్న 1.
KICK

జవాబు.
d

ప్రశ్న 2.
UPKAR

జవాబు.
a

ప్రశ్న 3.
KID

జవాబు.
b

ప్రశ్న 4.
SUBHAM

జవాబు.
c

ప్రశ్న 5.
CHIDE

జవాబు.
d

ప్రశ్న 6.
HIKE

జవాబు.
a

ప్రశ్న 7.
CODE

జవాబు.
a

ప్రశ్న 8.
ab45CD67

జవాబు.
b

ప్రశ్న 9.
abc

జవాబు.
a

ప్రశ్న 10.
01234

జవాబు.
a

గడియారం యొక్క అద్దంలో ప్రతిబింబాలు [పేజి నెం. 228]

1. గడియారంలో గంటల ముల్లు, నిమిషాల ముల్లు, సెకన్ల ముల్లు అను 3 రకాల ముళ్ళు ఉంటాయి. గంటల ముల్లును చిన్నముల్లు అని, నిమిషాల ముల్లును పెద్దముల్లు అని అంటారు.

2. గడియారం పై భాగం 12 సమభాగాలుగా విభజించబడి ఉంటుంది. మరల దానిలోని ప్రతి భాగం తిరిగి 5 భాగాలుగా విభజించబడుతుంది.

ఈ క్రింద ఉన్న గడియారాల పటాలు మరియు అద్దంలో వాటి ప్రతిబింబాలను గమనించండి.

మొదటి రకం: అద్దంలో గల గడియారం సమయం తెలుసుకోవడానికి, అసలు సమయాన్ని 11 గంటల 60 ని|| నుండి తీసివేయాలి.

ఉదాహరణ-1 : గడియారంలోని సమయం 9 గం|| 30 ని|| అయిన

అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత ?
సాధన:
11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 09 గం|| 30 ని|| = 2 గం|| 30 ని||
రెండవ రకం: ఒకవేళ గడియారంలోని సమయం 12 గం|| మరియు 1 గంట మధ్య వున్నచో అసలు సమయంను 23 గం|| 60 ని॥ నుండి తీసివేయాలి.

ఉదాహరణ-2: గడియారంలోని సమయం 12 గం|| 15 ని|| అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
సాధన: 23 గం|| 60 ని|| – 12 గం|| 15 ని|| = 11 గం|| 45 ని||

సాధనా ప్రశ్నలు [పేజి నెం. 228]

ప్రశ్న 1.
అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం 6 గం॥ 10 ని॥ అయిన గడియారంలో సమయం ఎంత? [c ]
(a) 3 గం|| 50 ని||
(b) 4 గం|| 50 ని||
(c) 5 గం|| 50 ని||
(d) 5 గం|| 40 ని||
జవాబు.
(c) 5 గం|| 50 ని||

వివరణ:
12 గం|| – 6 గం|| 10 ని||
= 11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 6 గం|| 10 ని||
= 5 గం|| 50 ని||

ప్రశ్న 2.
అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం 3 గం|| 54 ని|| అయిన గడియారంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 8 గం|| 06 ని॥
(b) 9 గం|| 06 ని||
(c) 8 గం|| 54 ని||
(d) 9 గం|| 54 ని||
జవాబు.
(a) 8 గం|| 06 ని॥

వివరణ:
11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 3 గం|| 54 ని||

ప్రశ్న 3.
గడియారంలో సమయం 08 గం|| 26 ని॥ అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 6 గం|| 34 ని॥
(b) 3 గం|| 34 ని||
(c) 1 గం|| 34 ని||
(d) 3 గం|| 36 ని||
జవాబు.
(b) 3 గం|| 34 ని||

వివరణ:
11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 8 గం|| 26 ని||

ప్రశ్న 4.
గడియారంలో సమయం 4 గం|| అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 7 గం||
(b) 7 గం|| 30 ని||
(c) 8 గం||
(d) 8 గం|| 30 ని||
జవాబు.
(c) 8 గం||

వివరణ:

ప్రశ్న 5.
గడియారంలో సమయం 10 గం|| అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 2 గం||
(b) 3 గం||
(c) 4 గం||
(d) 5 గం||
జవాబు.
(a) 2 గం||

వివరణ:
12 గం|| – 10 గం|| = 2 గం||

ప్రశ్న 6.
గడియారంలో సమయం 10 గం|| 05 ని|| అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 1 గం॥ 55 ని||
(b) 1 గం|| 35 ని||
(c) 1 గం|| 25 ని||
(d) 12 గం|| 15 ని||
జవాబు.
(a) 1 గం॥ 55 ని||

వివరణ:
11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 10 గం|| 05 ని||

ప్రశ్న 7.
గడియారంలో సమయం 02 గం|| 47 ని|| అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 6 గం|| 13 ని॥
(b) 7 గం|| 13 ని॥
(c) 8 గం|| 13 ని॥
(d) 9 గం|| 13 ||
జవాబు.
(d) 9 గం|| 13 ||

వివరణ:
11 గం|| 60 ని|| – 02 గం|| 47 ని||

ప్రశ్న 8.
గడియారంలో సమయం 11 గం|| 45 ని॥ అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 1 గం|| 15 ని॥
(b) 3 గం|| 15 ని||
(c) 6 గం|| 15 ని॥
(d) 12 గం|| 15 ని||
జవాబు.
(d) 12 గం|| 15 ని||

వివరణ:
23 గం|| 60 ని|| – 11 గం|| 45 ని|| .

ప్రశ్న 9.
గడియారంలో సమయం 12 గం|| 45 ని॥ అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 9 గం|| 15 ని||
(b) 10 గం|| 15 ని||
(c) 11 గం|| 15 ని॥
(d) 12 గం|| 15 ని||
జవాబు.
(c) 11 గం|| 15 ని॥

వివరణ:
23 గం|| 60 ని|| – 12 గం|| 45 ని||

ప్రశ్న 10.
గడియారంలో సమయం 12 గం|| 12 ని॥ అయిన అద్దంలో దాని ప్రతిబింబంలో సమయం ఎంత?
(a) 11 గం|| 42 ని॥
(b) 11 గం|| 48 ని॥
(c) 10 గం|| 48 ని॥
(d) 12 గం|| 42 ని||
జవాబు.
(b) 11 గం|| 48 ని॥

వివరణ:
23 గం|| 60 ని|| – 12 గం|| 12 ని||

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Unit Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Unit Exercise

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింది ఖాళీలను పూరించండి:
(i) ఒక పటంలో ఏదైనా ఒక రేఖ వెంబడి మడిచినట్లైతే అవి ఏకీభవిస్తే, ఆ పటం ____________ సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగి యుంటుంది.
జవాబు:
రేఖా

(ii) క్రమ పంచభుజికి సౌష్ఠవ రేఖల సంఖ్య ____________
జవాబు:
5

(iii) ఒక పటాన్ని కొంత కోణంతో తిప్పినపుడు మరల అదే పటంలా కనిపిస్తే ఆ పటానికి ____________ సౌష్ఠవం ఉంటుంది.
జవాబు:
భ్రమణ

(iv) ____________ త్రిభుజానికి రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం ఉండదు.
జవాబు:
విషమబాహు

(v) ప్రతీ క్రమ బహుభుజి యొక్క సౌష్ఠవ రేఖల సంఖ్య దాని ____________ సంఖ్యకు సమానం.
జవాబు:
భుజాల

(vi) రేఖీయ సౌష్ఠవం అనే భావన ____________ పరావర్తనాన్ని పోలి ఉంటుంది.
జవాబు:
అద్దం

(vii) 4 సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలు మరియు భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం 4 గా గల చతుర్భుజం _____________
జవాబు:
చతురస్రం

(viii) ‘S’ అనే అక్షరం యొక్క భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ కోణం _______________
జవాబు:
180°

(ix) ఒక రేఖాఖండం _______________ పరంగా సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగియుంటుంది.
జవాబు:
లంబ సమద్విఖండన రేఖ

(x) ఒక స్థిరబిందువు ఆధారంగా వస్తువుని భ్రమణం చెందించిన, ఆ స్థిరబిందువును _______________ అంటారు.
జవాబు:
భ్రమణ కేంద్రం

(xi) H, N, S మరియు Z అను అక్షరాల యొక్క భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణాలు ________________ .
జవాబు:
2

(xii) ఒక సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజంలో సమభుజాల ఉమ్మడి శీర్షం నుండి గీసిన సౌష్ఠవరేఖ ఆ త్రిభుజం యొక్క _______________ అవుతుంది.
జవాబు:
ఉన్నతి

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఆంగ్ల అక్షరమాలలోని పెద్ద అక్షరాలను (Capital Letters) కత్తిరించి మరియు మీ నోట్ పుస్తకంలో అతికించుము. వాటిలో ప్రతి అక్షరానికి సాధ్యమైనన్ని సౌష్ఠవ అక్షరాలను గీయండి.

(i) రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం లేని అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని ? అవి ఏవి ?
జవాబు:
రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం లేని అక్షరాలు 10. అవి: F, G, J, L, N, P, Q, R, S, Z.

(ii) ఒకే రేఖా సౌష్ఠవ అక్షాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్న అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని ? అవి ఏవి ?
జవాబు:
ఒకే రేఖా సౌష్ఠవ అక్షాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్న అక్షరాలు 12. అవి : A, B, C, D, E, K, M, T, U, V, W, Y.

(iii) రెండు రేఖా సౌష్ఠవ అక్షాలను కలిగి ఉన్న అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని? అవి ఏవి?
జవాబు:
రెండు రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలు కలిగిన అక్షరాలు 3. అవి : H, I మరియు X.

(iv) రెండు కంటే ఎక్కువ రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలను కలిగి ఉన్న అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని ? అవి ఏవి ?
జవాబు:
రెండు కంటే ఎక్కువ రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలు కలిగిన అక్షరాలు 1. అవి : 0.

(v) వాటిలో ఏవి భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్నాయి ? అవి ఏవి ?
జవాబు:
భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగిన అక్షరాలు 7. అవి : H, I, N, O, S, X, Z.

(vi) వాటిలో ఏవి బిందు సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగి యున్నాయి ? అవి ఏవి ?
జవాబు:
బిందు సౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగిన అక్షరాలు 7. అవి : H, I, N, O, S, X, Z.

ప్రశ్న 3.
కనీసం ఒక రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాక్షము కలిగి ఉన్న కొన్ని సహజ వస్తువుల బొమ్మలను గీయండి.
జవాబు:

ప్రశ్న 4.
మూడు అమరికలను (టెస్సలేషన్) గీయండి. వాటిలో ఉపయోగించిన ప్రాథమిక పటాలను గుర్తించండి.
జవాబు:

ప్రశ్న 5.
7 సెం.మీ. లతో ఒక రేఖాఖండాన్ని గీయండి. దానికి సాధ్యమయ్యే సౌష్ఠవ అక్షాలను గీయండి.
జవాబు:

సౌష్ఠవాక్షము (లంబ సమద్విఖండన రేఖ)

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Ex 12.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Exercise 12.4

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింది అమరికలను గమనించి, మిగిలిన భాగాలని పూర్తి చేయండి.

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఏవైనా రెండు అమరికలు (టెస్సలేషన్స్) గీసి, వాటిలో ప్రాథమిక పటాలను గుర్తించండి.
సాధన.

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Ex 12.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Exercise 12.3

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింది చిత్రాలకు రేఖా సౌష్ఠవాలు గీయండి. వాటిలో, బిందు సౌష్ఠవాలు గల వాటిని గుర్తించండి. రేఖా సౌష్ఠవానికి మరియు బిందు సౌష్ఠవానికి మధ్య ఏమైనా సంబంధం ఉందా?
(i)

సాధన.

బిందు సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.
రేఖాసౌష్ఠవాల సంఖ్య = 2,
సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 2,
రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం, బిందు సౌష్ఠవము
రెండూ సమానం.

(ii)

సాధన.

బిందు సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.
రేఖాసౌష్టవాల సంఖ్య = 4,
సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 4,
బిందు సౌష్ఠవం, రేఖా సౌష్ఠవము
రెండూ సమానం.

(iii)

సాధన.

ఇచ్చిన పటం సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజం
అయితే బిందు సౌష్ఠవం లేదు.

ఇచ్చిన పటం సమబాహు త్రిభుజం
అయిన బిందు సౌష్ఠవం ఉంటుంది.

(iv)

సాధన.

బిందు సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.
రేఖాసౌష్ఠవాల సంఖ్య = 6,
సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 6,
రేఖా సౌష్ఠవం, బిందు సౌష్ఠవము
రెండూ సమానం.

(v)

సాధన.

బిందు సౌష్ఠవం లేదు.

ప్రశ్న 2.
ఈ క్రింది ఆంగ్ల అక్షరాలలో ఏవి బిందుసౌష్ఠవాన్ని కలిగియున్నాయో గుర్తించండి.

సాధన.

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Ex 12.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Exercise 12.2

ప్రశ్న 1.
కింద ఇచ్చిన ఆకారాలలో వేటికి సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలు కలవు? ఏ ఆకారాలు భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం కలిగివున్నాయి?

సాధన.
(a) సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు లేవు. భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.
(b) సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు కలవు. భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం లేదు.
(c) సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు కలవు. భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.
(d) సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు కలవు. భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవం కలదు.

ప్రశ్న 2.
క్రింద ఇచ్చిన పటములకు భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం కనుగొనండి.

సాధన.
(i) భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 4.
(ii) భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 6.
(iii) భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 3.
(iv) భ్రమణ సౌష్ఠవ పరిమాణం = 4.

ప్రశ్న 3.
సౌష్ఠవ అక్షము కలిగి మరియు ఒకటికన్నా ఎక్కువ భ్రమణ పరిమాణం గల రెండు పటములు గీయండి.
సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 4.
ఒకటికన్నా ఎక్కువ భ్రమణ పరిమాణం గల మరియు సౌష్ఠవాక్షము గల చతుర్భుజముల పేర్లు రాయండి.
సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 5.
అక్షంపై 60° భ్రమణం తరువాత ఒక పటం ఖచ్చితంగా మొదటి స్థితిలో కనిపిస్తుంది. మళ్ళీ ఎంత కోణం త్రిప్పిన తిరిగి అదే పటం వస్తుంది?
సాధన.
అక్షంపై 60° భ్రమణం తరువాత ఒక పటం మొదటి స్థితిలో కనిపిస్తే, మళ్ళీ అది 1209, 180°, 2409, 3000 మరియు 360°ల కోణం త్రిప్పిన తిరిగి అదే పటం వస్తుంది.

ప్రశ్న 6.
ఖాళీలను పూరించండి.

సాధన.

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Ex 12.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Exercise 12.1

ప్రశ్న 1.
ఒకటవ పటములో మాదిరి క్రింద ఇచ్చిన పటములకు సాధ్యమైనన్ని సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలను గీయండి.
(i)

సాధన.

(ii)

సాధన.

(iii)

సాధన.

(iv)

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 2.
కింద ఇచ్చిన రంధ్రాలు గల పటాలను పరిశీలించి సౌష్ఠవ అక్షాలను గీయండి.
(i)

సాధన.

(ii)

సాధన.

(iii)

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఇచ్చిన పటాలలో చుక్కల రేఖ సౌష్ఠవ రేఖ అగునట్లు మరొక చుక్కను గుర్తించండి.
(i)

సాధన.

(ii)

సాధన.

(iii)

సాధన.

(iv)

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 4.
కింద ఇచ్చిన వాటికి గల సౌష్ఠవాక్షముల సంఖ్య రాయండి మరియు వాటిని గీయండి.
(i) సమబాహు త్రిభుజం
(ii) సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజం
(iii) విషమబాహు త్రిభుజం
సాధన.
(i) సమబాహు త్రిభుజం:

సమబాహు త్రిభుజానికి గల సౌష్ఠవ రేఖల సంఖ్య = 3

(ii) సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజం:

సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజానికి గల సౌష్ఠవ రేఖల సంఖ్య = 1

(iii) విషమబాహు త్రిభుజం :

విషమబాహు త్రిభుజానికి సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలు ఉండవు.

ప్రశ్న 5.
4 సెం.మీ. భుజం గల సమబాహు త్రిభుజం నిర్మించి దానికి సాధ్యమైనన్ని సౌష్ఠవాక్షాలను గీయండి (నిర్మాణ సోపానాలు రాయనవసరం లేదు).
సాధన.

4 సెం.మీ. 4 సెం.మీ. భుజంగా గల సమబాహు త్రిభుజము మరియు దానికి గీయగల సౌష్ఠవాక్షములు (3).

ప్రశ్న 6.
4.5 సెం.మీ. భూమి మరియు 45° భూకోణములు ఉండునట్లు త్రిభుజం గీయండి. దానికి సాధ్యమైనన్ని సౌష్ఠవ రేఖలు గీయండి. (నిర్మాణ సోపానాలు రాయనవసరం లేదు).
సాధన.

4.5 సెం.మీ. భూమి మరియు 45° భూకోణంగా గల సమద్విబాహు త్రిభుజము మరియు దానికి గీయగల సౌష్ఠవాక్షము (1).

SCERT AP 7th Class Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 12 సౌష్ఠవము Review Exercise Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson సౌష్ఠవము Review Exercise

ప్రశ్న 1.
క్రింద ఇచ్చిన పటాలలో, ప్రతిబింబరేఖ (సౌష్ఠవరేఖ) చుక్కల రూపంలో చూపడమైనది. చుక్కల గీతను ఉపయోగించి ప్రతి పటాన్ని పరావర్తనం ఆధారంగా పూర్తిచేయండి. (మీరు చుక్కల గీత వెంబడి అద్దం పెట్టిన అద్దంలో మిగిలిన ప్రతిబింబాన్ని చూపించునని స్పష్టంగా గమనించవచ్చు.)
(i)

సాధన.

(ii)

సాధన.

(iii)

సాధన.

(iv)

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 2.
క్రింది పటాలలో ఏవి రేఖాసౌష్ఠవం కలిగి ఉన్నాయి? పటం క్రింద ఇచ్చిన పెట్టెలలో అవును లేదా కాదు వ్రాయండి.

సాధన.

ప్రశ్న 3.
ఇచ్చిన ప్రతి సౌష్ఠవ పటానికి మిగిలిన సగభాగాన్ని గీయండి.

సాధన.