Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.
AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes Lesson 5(b) Reproductive Health
→ Approximately 2 million people in India live with HIV/AIDS.
→ In India maternal mortality rate and infant mortality are high.
→ Family planning programmes, Reproductive and Child health care programmes are initiated by India far back.
→ Janani suraksha yojana to promote institutionalized deliveries is one important healthcare programme taken up at National level by the Government.
→ Sex education in schools provides right information to the young on sex and other related issues.
→ Female foeticide is a burning problem in India.
→ Sex determination of the foetus first became possible in India with the advent of Amniocentesis in 1970.
→ The diseases transmitted through sexual contact are called sexually transmitted diseases or STDs. They are Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV etc.
→ Untreated STDs in women lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases, abortions, still births, ectopic pregnancies, infertility and cancer of reproductive tract.
→ The age group of 15-24 years are, more vulnerable to contract STDs.
→ Avoid unsafe sex is major precaution to control STDs.
→ Contraceptives prevent pregnancy by interfering with normal process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation.
→ Natural methods of contraception are Periodic abstinence, Withdrawal or Coitus interruptus and Lactational amenorrhea method.
→ Condoms made up of thin rubber or latex sheeth physically prevent the meeting of sperms with the ovum.
→ Intra uterine devices are inserted into the uterus through vagina and they inhibit sperms in various ways.
→ Surgical method to prevent pregnancy is called sterilization. Vasectomy is the sterilization in male and tubectomy is the sterilization in female.
→ Amniotic fluid drawn from foetus is diagnosed for the detection of genetic abnomalities in embryos.
→ In IVF or test tube baby procedure, sperms and ovum are induced to form zygote under laboratory conditions.
→ In case of inability of male partner to inseminate or due to low sperm count artificial insemination technique is suggested. It is also known as Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI).
→ Surrogate mother provides her uterus for the development of some other person’s embryo and carries the baby until delivery. The phenomenon is called surrogacy.
→ Reproductive health means having healthy reproductive organs with normal functions.
→ The regulation of conception by preventive methods or devices to limit the number of offspring is called birth control. There are some temporary methods and permanent methods.
→ MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy is intentional or Voluntary termination of pregnancy before the foetus becomes viable.
→ STD: Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected persons are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD)
→ Amniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure to detect genetic defects in the unborn baby. [IPE]
→ One of the legal methods of birth control is abortion by taking an appropriate medicine. [NEET-2013]
→ Artificial insemination means artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina. [NEET-2013]
→ Tubectomy is a method of sterilisation in which small part of the Fallopian tube is removed or tied up. [NEET-2014]
→ Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of zygote into the Fallopian tube. [NEET-2014]
→ A hormone releasing IUD is LNG-20. [NEET-2016]
→ The function of copper ions in copper-releasing IUDs is to suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms. [NEET-2016]
→ In case of a couple, where the male is having a very low sperm count, then the technique that is suitable for fertilisation is Intrauterine insemination(IUI) [NEET-2017]
→ LNG-20 is an example of hormone-releasing IUD. [NEET-2020]
→ The sexually transmitted disease ‘Genital Herpes’ is not completely curable. [NEET-2019]
→ In ZIFT and IUT techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive. [NEET-2020]