{"id":866,"date":"2023-01-31T04:05:22","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T22:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/?p=866"},"modified":"2023-03-30T10:01:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T04:31:26","slug":"ap-board-9th-class-social-studies-solutions-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/ap-board-9th-class-social-studies-solutions-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Atmosphere"},"content":{"rendered":"

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions<\/a> 4th Lesson Atmosphere Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 4th Lesson Atmosphere<\/h2>\n

9th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Atmosphere Textbook Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Improve Your Learning<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain the composition of the atmosphere.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • The atmosphere is a sea of gases surrounding the Earth.<\/li>\n
  • There are many gases in the atmosphere.<\/li>\n
  • Of all the gases in the atmosphere oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%) dominate.<\/li>\n
  • Other gases are in very small percentages, these include argon, neon, carbon dioxide (0.03%), methane, ammonia, ozone, etc.<\/li>\n
  • Water vapour accounts for about 0.4% by volume over the whole atmosphere.<\/li>\n
  • Apart from these gases the atmosphere also has the fine dust particles called particulates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nDiscuss the structure of the atmosphere along with a diagram.
    \nAnswer:
    \nOn the basis of the chemical composition the atmosphere is divided into two broad layers. They are -1) Homosphere II) Heterosphere
    \nI) Homosphere : This layer is characterized by uniformity in composition of gases like
    \nNitrogen, Oxygen, Orgon and Carbondioxide. It consists of the three thermal layers such as Troposphere, Stratosphere and Mesosphere. It extends up to the height of 90 kms.<\/p>\n

    A) Troposphere :
    \ni) It is the lower most of layers of the atmosphere.
    \nii) It extends to a height of 8 kms near the poles and about 18 kms at the equator.
    \niii) It contains 75% of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere.
    \niv) The entire weather phenomenon happens in this layer.
    \nv) The life is present in this layer.<\/p>\n

    B) Stratosphere :
    \ni) This layer extends up to a height of 50 kms.
    \nii) This layer is free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon.
    \niii) These conditions are most ideal for flying jet aircrafts.
    \niv) This layer contains Ozone layer.<\/p>\n

    C) Mesosphere :
    \ni) It extends up to a height of 80 kms.
    \nii) Meteorites burn up as they enter this layer from the space.
    \niii) The temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude.<\/p>\n

    II) Heterosphere : Because of its heterogenous composition this layer is called heterosphere. This layer is above 90 kms of the atmosphere. It has two thermal layers called Thermosphere and Exosphere.
    \nA) Thermosphere:
    \ni) It extends up to 400 kms.
    \nii) Here the temperature rises rapidly with increase in height.
    \niii) It contains electrically charged particles known as ions. Hence this layer is called Ionosphere.
    \niv) Radio waves are reflected back to the earth through this layer.
    \nv) It is also known as ‘Ionosphere’.<\/p>\n

    B) Exosphere :
    \ni) The upper most layer of the atmosphere.
    \nii) Very little is known about this layer.
    \n\"AP<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nDifferentiate weather and climate.
    \n(OR)
    \nWrite the differences between weather and climate?
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time.<\/li>\n
    • Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time and climate is how the atmosphere “behaves” over relatively long period of time.<\/li>\n
    • Weather is basically the way the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities.<\/li>\n
    • Whereas climate is the description of the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.<\/li>\n
    • In most places weather can change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day-to-day and season-to-season. Whereas the climate is the average of weather overtime and space.<\/li>\n
    • In short, climate is what we expect whether a hot summer or a cool winter and weather is what you get or experience at present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"AP<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nCompare and contrast convectional and orographic rainfall.
      \nAnswer:
      \nComparison between convectional and orographic rainfall:
      \n1) Both types of rainfall are caused by vertical ascent of heated air.
      \nContrast between convectional and orographic rainfall :<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. While orographic rainfall is caused when the mountain forces the air to rise over mountain or the elevation in its path; the convectional rainfall occurs when moisture over the heated ground becomes warmer than the surrounding air.<\/li>\n
      2. While convectional rainfall is common on summer days in interior part of the continents the orographic rainfall occurs in the windward sides of mountains.<\/li>\n
      3. While the orographic rain occurs in the mountainous regions, the convectional rain takes place in the equatorial regions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Question 5.
        \nDescribe the distribution of world rainfall.
        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Between the latitudes 10\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 N and S of the equator, due to the trade winds, rainfall is heavier on the eastern coasts, and decreases towards the West.<\/li>\n
        • Between the latitudes 40\u00b0 and 60\u00b0 N and S of the equator due to the westerlies, the rainfall is heavy on the west coast, and goes decreases towards the East.<\/li>\n
        • Low pressure areas, especially around the equator receiver high rainfall than high pressure areas.<\/li>\n
        • The rainfall is more over the oceans than on the continent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Question 6.
          \nHow do climatic changes influence the human life?
          \nAnswer:
          \nDue to climatic changes the following changes are taking place.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. The climatic changes led to the emergence of large scale environmental hazards such as global warming, increase of green house gases etc.<\/li>\n
          2. Development of planet’s flora and fauna is mainly due to climatic changes.<\/li>\n
          3. Globally the average sea level has risen by 17 cm in the 20th century.<\/li>\n
          4. Climatic changes are affecting food habits and culture of the people of any area.<\/li>\n
          5. Due to global warming both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have lost significant amounts of ice.<\/li>\n
          6. Thus the climatic changes are influencing human life significantly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Question 7.
            \nExplain relative humidity.
            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • The amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere is called humidity.<\/li>\n
            • Relative humidity is the ratio between the maximum water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure and the actual amount of water vapour it holds at any given time.<\/li>\n
            • For example, at 20\u00b0C temperature air can contain 80 gms of water vapour per cubic meter. If the actual water vapour present is 40 gms, the relative humidity is 50%.<\/li>\n
            • If the atmosphere has 100% relative humidity, it is known as saturation level.<\/li>\n
            • Relative humidity decreases with increase of temperature and decrease of water vapour,<\/li>\n
            • In high humidity, our sweat doesn’t cool us because it cannot evaporate.<\/li>\n
            • In low humidity we feel more thirsty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Question 8.
              \nWhy does the amount of water vapour decrease rapidly with altitude?
              \nAnswer:
              \nThe water vapour is attracted towards the surface or close to the surface due to the gravitational pull of the earth. Hence the amount of water vapour decreases with altitude.<\/p>\n

              \"AP<\/p>\n

              Question 9.
              \nWhat is Coriolis effect ? And explain its effects.
              \n(OR)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              “Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India using winds to power his ships. Europeans established colonial states in various parts of the world through the wind power”.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              What is Coriolis effect and how does it influence the wind system?
              \nAnswer:
              \n1. Because of the impact of Earth’s rotation on its own axis, the winds move slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This effect is called Coriolis effect.
              \n2.
              \n\"AP
              \n3. At the equator the Coriolis effect is ‘O’ and at the poles it is maximum.<\/p>\n

              The most important effects of Coriolis force are :
              \na) The deflection of winds and currents in the ocean.
              \nb) It has significant effect on planes and missiles also.
              \nc) In the northern hemisphere these winds move to the right and in the southern hemisphere to the left. This usually creates the westerly winds moving from the subtropical areas to the poles.
              \nd) The Coriolis effect also affects the movement of ocean currents.<\/p>\n

              Question 10.
              \nIdentify the given local winds in the world map.
              \na) Chinook
              \nb) Loo
              \nc) Simoon
              \nd) Yoma
              \ne) Norwester
              \nf) Mistral
              \ng) Puna
              \nh) Pampero
              \nAnswer:
              \n\"AP<\/p>\n

              Question 11.
              \nRead the para under the title “Effects of Planetary Winds” on page 43 and comment on it.
              \nEffects of Planetary Winds: You would have noted that the pressure and wind systems are actually a result of the impact of Lithosphere and Hydrosphere on Atmosphere. These winds play a crucial role in transporting heat and moisture across the world. That is why no part of the world gets too cold or too hot for life to survive. Had there been no atmosphere (as on the Moon) it would have got intolerably hot in day time or in the tropics and intolerably cold at night or in the Polar regions. However, these winds do not distribute heat or moisture uniformly – which is why we have some parts of the earth quite hot, some parts cooler and some parts with high rainfall and some which are deserts.
              \nAnswer:
              \nPlanetary winds are winds that are created in the different Global circulation cells.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Polar Easterlies – blow from pole to 60\u00b0<\/li>\n
              2. Prevailing Westerlies – blow from 60\u00b0 to 30\u00b0<\/li>\n
              3. Trade Winds – blow from 30\u00b0 to 0\u00b0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                These winds transport heat and moisture across the world. But the winds do not distribute heat or moisture uniformly.<\/p>\n

                \"AP<\/p>\n

                Question 12.
                \nCollect weather information covered by media such as newspaper, TV, Radio, etc. to understand weather phenomenon.
                \nAnswer:
                \nWeather information of major cities of India on 8, April 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Delhi<\/td>\n47\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Jabalpur<\/td>\n50\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Chennai<\/td>\n41\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Banglore<\/td>\n45\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Ahmadabad<\/td>\nsere<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Allahabad<\/td>\n39\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Pune<\/td>\n34\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Poona<\/td>\n25\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Haora<\/td>\n33\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Surat<\/td>\n32\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Madras<\/td>\n41\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Calcutta<\/td>\n34\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Solapur<\/td>\n40\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Muzaffarpur<\/td>\n50\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bulandshahr<\/td>\n37\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Ghaziabad<\/td>\n46\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Jaipur<\/td>\n37\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Kanpur<\/td>\n48\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Lucknow<\/td>\n38\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                M 0 Ranchi<\/td>\n49\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Nagpur<\/td>\n53\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Visakhapatnam<\/td>\n32\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Guwahati<\/td>\n26\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Chittoor<\/td>\n46\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Indore<\/td>\n37\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Coimbatore Peelamedu<\/td>\n35\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Kalya n<\/td>\n35\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Patna<\/td>\n39\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Kozhikode<\/td>\n30\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Gwalior<\/td>\n37\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Jamnagar<\/td>\n42\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Vadodara<\/td>\n38\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Mahesana<\/td>\n36\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Akola<\/td>\n41\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thy 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bhopal<\/td>\n39\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Ludhiana<\/td>\n47\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Aurangabad<\/td>\n51\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Agra<\/td>\n37\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Cochin<\/td>\n39\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Benares<\/td>\n39\u00b0C<\/td>\nAfternoon, Thu 17:04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Question 13.
                \nCollect the newspapers from July to December and note down the news related to extreme rainfall in different parts of country.
                \nAnswer:
                \nAverage annual rainfall of the states of India<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                State<\/td>\nMeteorological Divisions<\/td>\nAverage annual rainfall (mm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Andaman and Nicobar Islands<\/td>\nAndaman and Nicobar Islands<\/td>\n2,967<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Arunachal Pradesh<\/td>\nArunachal Pradesh<\/td>\n2,782<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Assom<\/td>\nAssom and Meghalaya<\/td>\n2,818<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Meghalaya<\/td>\nAssom and Meghalaya<\/td>\n2,818<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Nagaland<\/td>\nNagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura<\/td>\n1,881<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Manipur<\/td>\nNagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura<\/td>\n1,881<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Mizoram<\/td>\nNagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura<\/td>\n1,881<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Tripura<\/td>\nNagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura<\/td>\n1,881<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                West Bengal<\/td>\nSub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim<\/p>\n

                Gangetic West Bengal<\/td>\n

                		2,739<\/p>\n

                1,439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                Sikkim<\/td>\nSub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim<\/td>\n2,739<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Odisha<\/td>\nOdisha<\/td>\n1,489<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bihar<\/td>\nBihar Plateau<\/td>\n1,326<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bihar Plains<\/td>\n1,186<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Uttar Pradesh<\/td>\nUttar Pradesh<\/td>\n1,025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Plain of West Uttar Pradesh<\/td>\n896<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Hills of West Uttar Pradesh<\/td>\n1,667<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Haryana<\/td>\nHaryana, Chandigarh and Delhi<\/td>\n617<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Delhi<\/td>\nHaryana, Chandigarh and Delhi<\/td>\n617<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Chandigarh<\/td>\nHaryana, Chandigarh and Delhi<\/td>\n617<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Punjab<\/td>\nPunjab<\/td>\n649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Himachal Pradesh<\/td>\nHimachal Pradesh<\/td>\n1,251<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Jammu and Kashmir<\/td>\nJammu and Kashmir<\/td>\n1,011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Rajasthan<\/td>\nWest Rajasthan<\/td>\n313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                East Rajasthan<\/td>\n675<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Madhya Pradesh<\/td>\nMadhya Pradesh<\/td>\n1,017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                East Madhya Pradesh<\/td>\n1,338<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Gujarat<\/td>\nGujarat region<\/td>\n1,107<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Saurashtra and Kachchh<\/td>\n578<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Goa<\/td>\nKonkan and Goa<\/td>\n3,005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Maharashtra<\/td>\nMadhya Maharashtra<\/td>\n901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Marathwada<\/td>\n882<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Vidarbha<\/td>\n1,034<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Andhra Pradesh<\/td>\nCoastal Andhra Pradesh<\/td>\n1,094<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Rayalaseema<\/td>\n680<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Tamilnadu<\/td>\nTamilnadu and Pondicherry<\/td>\n998<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Pondicherry<\/td>\nTamilnadu and Pondicherry<\/td>\n998<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Karnataka<\/td>\nCoastal Karnataka<\/td>\n3,456<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                North Interior Karnataka<\/td>\n731<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                South Interior Karnataka<\/td>\n1,126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Kerala<\/td>\nKerala<\/td>\n3,055<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Telangana<\/td>\nTelangana<\/td>\n961<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                9th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Atmosphere InText Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

                Question 1.
                \nList out some of the ways in which particulates in the atmosphere are beneficial and harmful to us. (Text Book Page No. 37)
                \nAnswer:
                \n1. The fine dust particles present in the atmosphere are called particulates.<\/p>\n

                2. Particulates may come from natural processes such as sand storms over deserts and natural forest fires and from human activity such as burning forests, burning petroleum and industrial emissions.<\/p>\n

                3) Benefits of particulates :
                \na) The particulates can change atmospheric conditions that may be beneficial to life on Earth.
                \nb) The particulates in the atmosphere cause the bright colour of the sunrise or sunset.
                \nc) The particulates help rainfall and hailstones to fall.<\/p>\n

                4) Harmful effects of particulates :
                \na) They cause problems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns.
                \nb) They can make it difficult for people to breathe.
                \nc) They can make it difficult for the plants to breathe and photosynthesise.<\/p>\n

                \"AP<\/p>\n

                Question 2.
                \nIn which layer is the life present? (Text Book Page No. 39)
                \nAnswer:
                \nIn troposphere the life is present. The suitable conditions that make life possible in the troposphere are :<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. The troposphere is the lower most layer of the atmosphere.<\/li>\n
                2. It contains about 75% of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere and practically all the moisture and dust particles.<\/li>\n
                3. The entire weather phenomenon happens in this sphere.<\/li>\n
                4. Condensation, evaporation, precipitation, rainfall, cyclones etc., occur in this layer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Question 3.
                  \nAbout which layer do we have very less knowledge? (Text Book Page No. 39)
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n