{"id":46557,"date":"2023-05-29T13:10:44","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T07:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/?p=46557"},"modified":"2023-05-29T13:10:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T07:40:44","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-important-questions-chapter-2b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-important-questions-chapter-2b\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Important Questions Chapter 2(b) Excretory Products and their Elimination"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students get through AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Important Questions<\/a> Lesson 2(b) Excretory Products and their Elimination which are most likely to be asked in the exam.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Important Questions Lesson 2(b) Excretory Products and their Elimination<\/h2>\n

Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nName the blood vessels that enter and exit the kidney.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The blood vessels that enter the kidney are renal artery.<\/li>\n
  2. The blood vessels that exit the kidney are renal vein.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWhat are renal pyramids and renal papillae?
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The medulla of kidney is projected into cone shaped masses called renal pyramids.<\/li>\n
    2. They contain Henle’s loops of Juxta medullayr nephrons and straight collecting ducts.<\/li>\n
    3. Renal papilla is the tip of the renal pyramid opens into the pelvis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \"AP
      \nQuestion 3.
      \nWhat are the columns of Bertin? [AP,TS MAY-22] [TS MAR-17,19] [AP MAR-15,19]
      \nAnswer:
      \nIn the human kidney, the projections of the cortex into the medulla that separate the renal pyramids are called columns of Bertin (Renat columns).<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nName the structural and functional units of kidney. What are the two main types of structural units in it?
      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Nephron is the structural and functional units of kidney.<\/li>\n
      2. There are two types of nephrons: (i) Cortical nephrons (ii) Juxta medullary nephrons.<\/li>\n
      3. Each nephron has two parts called Bowman\u2019s capsule and renal tubule.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Question 5.
        \nDistinguish between cortical and juxta medullary nephrons. [TS MAY-17,22] [AP MAR-17]
        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Cortical nephrons have renal corpuscle in the superficial renal cortex.
          \nThey have short loop of Henle but without vasa recta.<\/li>\n
        2. Juxta medullary nephrons are located near the renal medulla.
          \nThey have long loop of Henle and Vasa recta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Question 6.
          \nDefine Glomerular filtration.
          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Glomtular filtration: The first step in the formation of urine is the ‘filtration’ of blood from glomerulus into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule.<\/li>\n
          2. This passive non-energy consuming process is called glomeular filtration.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Question 7.
            \nDefine Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. GFR: The amount of filtrate formed by both the kidneys in a minute is called GFR.<\/li>\n
            2. It is about 125ml\/min.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Question 8.
              \nWhat is meant by mandatory reabsorption? In which parts of nephron does it occur?
              \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. In a healthy individula the GFR is 125 ml\/ 1 minute or 180 litre per day. About 85% of the filtrate is reabsorbed in a constant unregulated manner by proximal convoluted tubule and Henle’s loop, called mandatory reabsorption.<\/li>\n
              2. The tubular epithelial cells of nephron reabsorb water and substances.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Question 9.
                \nDistinguish between juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa.
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                Juxta glomerular cells<\/td>\nMacula densa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                1)\u00a0\u00a0 Juxta glomerular cells are present on the wall of afferent renal arteriole.
                \n2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They are modified smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole.<\/td>\n                		1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Macula densa are group of modified epithelia cells of distal convoluted tubule.
                \n2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They are crowded at the place where afferent arteriole comes into contact with distal convoluted tubule.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Question 10.
                \nWhat is juxtaglomerular apparatus?
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Macula densa with Juxta glomerular cells together form Juxta glomerular appartus.<\/li>\n
                2. It regulates the kidney function.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Question 11.
                  \nDistinguish between the enzymes renin and rennin. [AP,TS MAR-16]
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Renin is produced in kidney, where as Rennin is produced in stomach.<\/li>\n
                  2. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, where as Rennin converts casein to calcium para-caseinate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \"AP<\/p>\n

                    Question 12.
                    \nWhat is meant by the term osmoregulation?
                    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining constant amount of water and dissolved salts in the body.<\/li>\n
                    2. It is the maintenance of homeostasis of an orgnasim with respect to water in the body.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Question 13.
                      \nWhat is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the regulation of urine formation?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nAtrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes vasodilation and thereby decreases blood pressure. It acts as a counter check on the RAAS (Renin- Angiotensin- Aldosterone System)<\/p>\n

                      Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

                      Question 1.
                      \nTerrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic and not ammonotelic. Why?
                      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Ureotelism and Uricotelism are terrestrial adaptations to conserve water.<\/li>\n
                      2. The primary nitrogenous waste product is ammonia. Aquatic animals can easily send out ammonia into water but terrestrial animals cannot.<\/li>\n
                      3. In terrestrial animals which have sufficient water, excrete urea.<\/li>\n
                      4. Urea is formed in liver from ammonia through ornithine cycle. Urea is less toxic than ammonia. Ex: Earthworms, Cartilaginous fishes, amphibians and mammals.
                        \nThey are called ureotelic animals.<\/li>\n
                      5. The animals which live in areas where there is very less amount of water excrete uric acid. Uric acids is in the form of dry pellets or in semi solid state.
                        \nEx: Tracheate arthropods, land snails, reptiles and birds.
                        \nThey are called Uricotelic animals.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Question 2.
                        \nDifferentiate vertebrates on the basis of the nitrogenous waste products they excrete giving examples.
                        \nAnswer:
                        \nAnimals can be grouped into three types based the excretory products they release.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Ammonotelic animals<\/li>\n
                        2. Ureotelic animals<\/li>\n
                        3. Uricotelic<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          1) Ammonotelic animals: The primary nitrogenous waste product is ammonia. It is highly toxic. It is formed in liver by oxidative deamination of amino acids. Aquatic animals can excrete ammonia either through body surface by diffusion as in lower invertebrates, or through gills, as in the bony Fishes, or through kidneys, as in Fishes and higher aquatic forms.<\/p>\n

                          2) Ureotelic animals: Some terrestrial animals have access to necessary amount of water but not sufficient to release ammonia. In these animals ammonia is converted to less toxic urea in liver through ornithine cycle. It is excreted through kidneys.
                          \nEx: Earthworms, Cartilaginous fishes, Amphibians and Mammals.<\/p>\n

                          3) Uricotelic animals: Terrestrial animals which have less access to water excrete uric acid. Ammonia is converted to uric acid which in the form of dry pellets or in semisolid state. This is extreme adaptation to conserve water.
                          \nEx: Tracheate arthropods, land snails, reptiles and birds.<\/p>\n

                          Question 3.
                          \nDraw a labelled diagram of the V.S of kidney.
                          \nAnswer:
                          \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                          Question 4.
                          \nDescribe the internal structure of kidney of man. [TS MAY-22]
                          \nAnswer:
                          \n1) Kidney Structure: Kidneys are reddish brown, retroperitoneal, bean shaped organs present on either side of vertebral column at the level of anterior lumbar vertebrae.<\/p>\n

                          The outer surface is convex and inner surface concave with a deep notch called hilum. Renal artery and nerves enter through hilum and renal vein and ureters come out. Each kidney is covered by a tough fibrous capsule.<\/p>\n

                          2) Inner structure: There are two distinct regions, outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex looks granular having malpighian capsules, proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The medulla is divided in cone shaped renal pyramids.<\/p>\n

                          The cortex extends in between pyramids and these projections are called columns of Bertini. Tne base of the pyramid is towards cortex and apex is towards the renal pelvis. Renal pelvis is a space into which all pyramids open through Bellinis ducts. Each pyramidal apex is lodged in a cup like projection of pelvis called calyx. The pelvis is continuous with ureter.<\/p>\n

                          \"AP<\/p>\n

                          3) Nephron: Nephrons are structural and functional units of kidney. Some nephrons are restricted to cortex and their Henle’s loops are short and touch the medulla. They are cortical nephrons.
                          \nOther Nephrons are long and their Henle’s loops extend deep into medulla. They are called Juxta medullary nephrons. The ducts of nephrons together form straight collecting ducts. They join to form Bellinis ducts which open into pelvis.<\/p>\n

                          5) By the action of ADH the excess water in the filtrate is absorbed in collecting tubules so that concentrated urine is discharged into pelvis. The Nad and water are collected by vasrecta and carried out of kidney.<\/p>\n

                          6) Human kidneys can produce urine which is nearly four times concentrated than glomerular filtrate.
                          \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                          Question 8.
                          \nExplain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFH.
                          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. G.F.R is glomerular filtration rate.<\/li>\n
                          2. It is the amount of filtrate produced by kidneys in a minute.<\/li>\n
                          3. In a healthy individual it is about 125ml\/min, ie., 1801\/day.<\/li>\n
                          4. But only 1 to 1.5 liters of urine is produced by a person.<\/li>\n
                          5. About 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed.<\/li>\n
                          6. When the filtration rate falls the Juxta glomerular cells release an enzyme renin (Angio tensinogenase).<\/li>\n
                          7. The enzyme renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1.<\/li>\n
                          8. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin TI by angiotensin converting enzyme.<\/li>\n
                          9. This conversion takes place in the capillaries of lungs because the converting enzyme is found in lungs.<\/li>\n
                          10. Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.<\/li>\n
                          11. Aldosterone causes reabsorption ofNa+<\/sup>and water from DCT and CD and promotes secretion
                            \nof K+<\/sup> into DCT and CD. It increases the blood pressure and GFR. This mechanism is called renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RASS).<\/li>\n
                          12. To counter check RASS stretched wall of right artrium release atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) which cause vasodilation and reduce the blood pressure and reduce GFR and the process again begins.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Question 9.
                            \nDescribe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nLungs, liver and skin as excretory organs:
                            \n1) Lungs: They help in CO2<\/sub> elimination and also volatile compounds. It is estimated that lungs eliminate 18 L of CO2<\/sub> regularly.<\/p>\n

                            2) Liver: It is the largest gland located at the centre of the body carrying manifold function. It is destruction centre for aged RBC. The haemoglobin is converted to bile pigments bilirubin and biliverdin. They passout through alimentary canal. Liver also excretes cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones excess vitamins and drugs via bile.<\/p>\n

                            3) Skin: It has sweat and sebaceous glands. Sweat gland eliminates salts, urea and lactic acid even though its primary function is cooling of the body. Sebaceous glands eliminates sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes through sebum, which forms protective oily coating to the skin.<\/p>\n

                            Question 10.
                            \nName the following
                            \na) A chordate animal having protonephridial-type excretory structures.
                            \nb) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyrsindds in the human kidney.
                            \nc) Capillary network paralleling the loop of llcnle.
                            \nd) A non chordate animal having green glands as excretory structures.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \na) The chordate with protonephridia is Amphioxus.
                            \nb) Cortical projections in between medullary pyramids are columns of Bertini.
                            \nc) Capillary network paralleling the loop of Henle is vasa recta.
                            \nd) Green glands are excretory organs in prawn (crustacean of Arthropoda).<\/p>\n

                            \"AP<\/p>\n

                            Long Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Question 1.
                            \nDescribe the excretory system of man, giving the structure of a nephron. [TS MAR-15]
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nI) Human excretory system: It consists of the following<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. a pair of kidneys<\/li>\n
                            2. a pair of ureters<\/li>\n
                            3. urinary bladder and<\/li>\n
                            4. urethra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \"AP<\/p>\n

                              1) Kidneys:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. These are reddish brown, retroperitoneal bean shaped organs.<\/li>\n
                              2. These are located on either side of vertebral column at the level of anterior lumbar vertebrae.<\/li>\n
                              3. Right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the presence of liver.<\/li>\n
                              4. Outer surface of kidney is convex.<\/li>\n
                              5. Inner surface is concave with a deep notch called hilum.<\/li>\n
                              6. The kidney is protected by a tough fibrous tissue called renal capsule.<\/li>\n
                              7. Internally, kidney consists of two regions, the outer cortex and inner medulla.<\/li>\n
                              8. The cortex contains the malpighian capsules, proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephrons.<\/li>\n
                              9. The medulla is divided into multiple cone shaped masses of tissue called renal pyramids.<\/li>\n
                              10. The cortex extends in between pyramids as columns are called column’s of Bertini.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                2) Ureters:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. There are two ureters.<\/li>\n
                                2. These are slender whitish tubes emerging from the pelvis of the kidneys.<\/li>\n
                                3. Their walls are lined by transitional epithelium. They run downwards and open into the urinary bladder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  3) Urinary bladder:<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. It is a median storage sac, situated in the lower abdominal cavity.<\/li>\n
                                  2. It has thick, muscular and distensible wall lined by transitional epithelium.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    4) Urethra:<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. The neck of the bladder leads into the urethra, which has an internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter.<\/li>\n
                                    2. Urethra opens into urinogenital duct in males and to outside in females.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      II) Structure of Nephron: Each kidney has nearly one million nephrons which are the structural and
                                      \nfunctional units. Each nephron has 2 parts, the (1) Bowman’s capsule and (2) the renal tubule.
                                      \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                                      1) Bowman’s capsule:<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. It is present in cortex,<\/li>\n
                                      2. It is a double walled cup.<\/li>\n
                                      3. The inner wall of the Bowman’s capsule has certain unique cells called podocytes which wrap around each capillary.<\/li>\n
                                      4. The podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores.<\/li>\n
                                      5. The Bowman’s capsule encloses a tuft of capillaries called glomerulus. The glomerulus and inner wall of Bowman’s capsule together form a sieve. Blood enters the glomerulus through afferent arteriole and leaves by efferent arteriole.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        2) Renal tubule: It has 3 segments
                                        \n(a) PCT (Proxima convoluted tubule) (b) Henle’s loop (c) DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) (a) PCT (Proxima Convoluted Tubule):<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. It is present in cortex.<\/li>\n
                                        2. It is wide and highly coiled.<\/li>\n
                                        3. It is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          \"AP<\/p>\n

                                          (b) Henle’s loop :<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. It is present in medulla.<\/li>\n
                                          2. It is hairpin shaped. It has descending and ascending limbs.<\/li>\n
                                          3. The proximal part of the ascending limb is thin and the distal part is thick.<\/li>\n
                                          4. The thick ascending limb continues into the DCT.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            (c) Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            1. It is present in cortex.<\/li>\n
                                            2. The DCT present in cortex continues as the ‘initial collecting duct’ in the cortex.<\/li>\n
                                            3. Some initial collecting ducts combine to form a straight collecting duct, which passes through the medullary pyramid.<\/li>\n
                                            4. In the medulla, the tubes of each pyramid join and form the duct of Bellini, which finally opens on the tip of the renal papilla.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              Types of Nephrons: These are two types (i) cortical nephrons and (ii) Juxta medullary nephrons. Cortical nephrons have small Henle’s loops and their entire bodies are present in cortex.<\/p>\n

                                              Juxta medullary nephrons have long Henle’s loops extending deep into medulla. Henle’s loops extend deep into medulla.<\/p>\n

                                              Question 2.
                                              \nExplain the physiology of urine formation.
                                              \nAnswer:
                                              \nUrine Formation: Kidneys are main excretory organs of human beings.<\/p>\n

                                              Urea along with water and other dissolved substances are collectively called urine.<\/p>\n

                                              Urine formation involves three processes.<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. Glomerular filtration<\/li>\n
                                              2. Selective reabsorption<\/li>\n
                                              3. Tubular secretion.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                1) Glomerular Filtration: Glomerular capillaries along with inner wall of Bowman’s capsule form a sieve. The podocytes and slit pores help in this process. Blood is filtered with a net filtration pressure of 10mm of Hg.
                                                \nDuring this process the entire plasma is filtered except proteins and blood cells.
                                                \nThe filtrate is ultrafiltrate or glomerular filtrate or primary urine.
                                                \nThe glomerular filtration rate in a healthy individual is 125ml\/ minute. (or)
                                                \n180 litres per day.
                                                \n\"AP<\/p>\n

                                                2) Selective reabsorption: Nearly 99% of primary urine and essential substances are reabsorbed by renal tubules called selective reabsorption.<\/p>\n

                                                About 85% of primary urine is reabsorbed in a constant unregulated manner called obligatory reabsoiption.
                                                \nReabsorption in different sections of renal tubule.<\/p>\n

                                                3. Tubular secretion: During the formation of urine, the tubular cells secrete substances such as H+<\/sup>, K+<\/sup> and NH3<\/sub> into the fiiterate. Tubular secretion is also an important step in the fonnation of urine, as it helps in the maintenance of ionic and acid base balance of the body fluids. Mechanism of selective reabsorption and secretion takes place in different parts of nephrons as follows:<\/p>\n

                                                a) Proximal convoluted tubuledt is lined by cuhoida! epithelium with brush border. About 80% electrolytes and water are reabsorbed. Water is absorbed by passive diffusion (osmosis) and Na+<\/sup>, glucose, aminoacids and other essential substances by active transport. H+<\/sup> and NH3<\/sub> are secreted. HCO3<\/sub>–<\/sup> is absorbed to maintain pH.<\/p>\n

                                                b) Henle’s loop: Water reabsorbed in descending limb by diffusion. Ascending limb has a thin segment and thick segment. NaCl is reabsorbed passively in thin part and actively in thick part.
                                                \nIn Henle’s loop, low osmolarity (300) is maintained towards cortex and high osmolarity (1200) at the tip in medulla.<\/p>\n

                                                \"AP<\/p>\n

                                                The counter flow of blood through vasa recta removes water, NaCl and reabsorbed substances continuously.<\/p>\n

                                                c) Distal Convoluted Tubule(DCT): Water is reabsorbed by the action of ADH (Anti diuretic hormone). HCO3<\/sub>–<\/sup> is absorbed. H+<\/sup>, K+<\/sup> and NH3<\/sub> are secreted to maintain pH.<\/p>\n

                                                d) Collecting Ducts(CD): This segment allows the passage of small amount of urea to keep up its osmolarity. Concentrated urine is released into pelvis. It is hypertonic to the plasma of blood.<\/p>\n

                                                Multiple Choice Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                Question 1.
                                                \nAccessory excretory organs in man are
                                                \n1. Liver, brain and skin
                                                \n2. Lungs, liver and heart
                                                \n3. Skin, eyes and ears
                                                \n4. Lungs, liver and skin
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Lungs, liver and skin<\/p>\n

                                                Question 2.
                                                \nActivity of kidney is influenced by
                                                \n1. Vasopressin and adrenaline
                                                \n2. Gonadotrophins
                                                \n3. Thyroxine
                                                \n4. Vasopressin
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Vasopressin and adrenaline<\/p>\n

                                                Question 3.
                                                \nThe hormone secreted by kidney is
                                                \n1. Glucose
                                                \n2. Secretin
                                                \n3. Erythropoietin
                                                \n4. Aldosterone
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Erythropoietin<\/p>\n

                                                Question 4.
                                                \nPodocytes constitute
                                                \n1. Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule
                                                \n2. Proximal convoluted tubule
                                                \n3. Outer wall of Bowman\u2019s capsule
                                                \n4. Distal convoluted tubule
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule<\/p>\n

                                                Question 5.
                                                \nSecretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex is stimulated by
                                                \n1. Angiotensin I
                                                \n2. Angiotensinogen
                                                \n3. Angiotensin II
                                                \n4. Renin
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Angiotensin II<\/p>\n

                                                Question 6.
                                                \nOn an average, a healthy human excretes
                                                \n1. 1-1.5 gms of urea per day
                                                \n2. 2.5-3 gms of urea per day
                                                \n3. 25-30 gms of urea per day
                                                \n4. 10-15 gms of urea per day
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. 25-30 gms of urea per day<\/p>\n

                                                Question 7.
                                                \nNumber of nephrons in each kidney in the human being is about
                                                \n1. One lakh
                                                \n2. One million
                                                \n3. One thousand
                                                \n4. One billion
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. One million<\/p>\n

                                                Question 8.
                                                \nThe first step in the formation of urine is
                                                \n1. Selective reabsorption
                                                \n2. Tubular secretion
                                                \n3. Glomerular filtration
                                                \n4. Micturition
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Glomerular filtration<\/p>\n

                                                Question 9.
                                                \nMajor risk factor for renal calculi is
                                                \n1. Diuresis
                                                \n2. Dehydration
                                                \n3. Renal failure
                                                \n4. Ureaemia
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Dehydration<\/p>\n

                                                \"AP<\/p>\n

                                                Question 10.
                                                \nSecretion of ADH is regulated by
                                                \n1. Stretch receptors of the urinary bladder
                                                \n2. Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
                                                \n3. Chemoreceptors of medulla oblongata
                                                \n4. Osmoreceptors of neurohypophysis
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus<\/p>\n

                                                Question 11.
                                                \nRenal papillae project into cup-like cavities are called
                                                \n1. Renal pyramids
                                                \n2. Ducts of Bellini
                                                \n3. Calyces
                                                \n4. Columns of Bertini
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Calyces<\/p>\n

                                                Question 12.
                                                \nJG cells release
                                                \n1. Rennin
                                                \n2. Angiotensinogen
                                                \n3. Renin
                                                \n4. Angiotensin converting enzyme
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Renin<\/p>\n

                                                Question 13.
                                                \nThe ultimate solution for acute renal failure is
                                                \n1. Angioplasty
                                                \n2. Kidney transplantation
                                                \n3. Blood transfusion
                                                \n4. Haemodialysis
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Kidney transplantation<\/p>\n

                                                Question 14.
                                                \nIn bony fishes, most of the ammonia is excreted through
                                                \n1. Kidneys
                                                \n2. Liver
                                                \n3. Lungs
                                                \n4. Gills
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Gills<\/p>\n

                                                Question 15.
                                                \nMost aquatic animals arc
                                                \n1. Ammonotelic
                                                \n2. Uricotelic
                                                \n3.Urotelic
                                                \n4. Aminotelic
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Ammonotelic<\/p>\n

                                                Question 16.
                                                \nThe pH of urine is
                                                \n1. 5.0
                                                \n2. 7.4
                                                \n3. 7.0
                                                \n4. 6.0
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. 6.0<\/p>\n

                                                Question 17.
                                                \nLungs help in the removal of
                                                \n1. Cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, certain vitamins and drugs
                                                \n2. NaCl, urea and lactic acid
                                                \n3. Carbon dioxide, water vapour and volatile materials
                                                \n4. Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Carbon dioxide, water vapour and volatile materials<\/p>\n

                                                \"AP<\/p>\n

                                                Question 18.
                                                \nThrough bile, the liver excretes
                                                \n1. Cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, certain vitamins and drugs
                                                \n2. NaCl, urea and lactic acid
                                                \n3. Carbon dioxide, water vapour and volatile materials
                                                \n4. Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, certain vitamins and drugs<\/p>\n

                                                Question 19.
                                                \nAngiotensinogen is produced by
                                                \n1. Lungs
                                                \n2. Macula densa
                                                \n3. JG cells
                                                \n4. Liver
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Liver<\/p>\n

                                                Question 20.
                                                \nExcretory organs in earthworms are
                                                \n1. Protonephridia
                                                \n2. Malpighian tubules
                                                \n3. Metanephridia
                                                \n4. Antennary glands
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Metanephridia<\/p>\n

                                                Question 21.
                                                \nHuman kidneys can produce urine nearly
                                                \n1. Ten times more concentrated than the glomerular filtrate
                                                \n2. Two times more in volume than the glomerular filtrate
                                                \n3. Three times less concentrated than the glomerular filtrate
                                                \n4. Four times more concentrated than the glomerular filtrate
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Four times more concentrated than the glomerular filtrate<\/p>\n

                                                Question 22.
                                                \nAmmonia is the excretory material in
                                                \n1. Cartilaginous fish
                                                \n2. Fresh water bony fish
                                                \n3. Whale
                                                \n4. Camel
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Fresh water bony fish<\/p>\n

                                                Question 23.
                                                \nCondition in which less urine is passed is called ‘
                                                \n1. Polyuria
                                                \n2. Oliguria
                                                \n3. Anuria
                                                \n4. Dysuria
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Oliguria<\/p>\n

                                                Question 24.
                                                \nDiameter of renal afferent vessel is
                                                \n1. Same as that of efferent
                                                \n2. Larger than that of efferent
                                                \n3. Smaller than that of efferent
                                                \n4. None
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. Larger than that of efferent<\/p>\n

                                                \"AP<\/p>\n

                                                Question 25.
                                                \nExcretory system of a housefly is
                                                \n1. Flame cells
                                                \n2. Keber\u2019s organ
                                                \n3.Nephridia
                                                \n4. Malpighian tubules
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Malpighian tubules<\/p>\n

                                                Question 26.
                                                \nUrea is transported by
                                                \n1. Blood plasma
                                                \n2. Leucocytes
                                                \n3. RBCs
                                                \n4. Haemoglobin
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Blood plasma<\/p>\n

                                                Question 27.
                                                \nThe retroperitoneal kidney is
                                                \n1. Kidney covered by peritoneum on ventral side
                                                \n2. Kidney of fish
                                                \n3. Kidney uncovered by peritoneum on dorsal side
                                                \n4. Kidney covered by peritoneum on dorsal side
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n1. Kidney covered by peritoneum on ventral side<\/p>\n

                                                Question 28.
                                                \nThe approximate amount of the blood Altered by both the kidneys in one minute is
                                                \n1. 800mL
                                                \n2. 1200mL
                                                \n3. 2000 mL
                                                \n4. 4250 mL
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n2. 1200mL<\/p>\n

                                                Question 29.
                                                \nUricotelic pair is
                                                \n1. Sharks and mammals
                                                \n2. Reptiles and mammals
                                                \n3. Birds and insects
                                                \n4. Sharks and lizards
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Birds and insects<\/p>\n

                                                Question 30.
                                                \nAmount of glomerular filtrate formed per day is
                                                \n1. 50 L
                                                \n2. 250 L
                                                \n3. 500L
                                                \n4. 180 L
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. 180 L<\/p>\n

                                                Question 31.
                                                \nMalpighian body is constituted by
                                                \n1. Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and efferent vessel
                                                \n2. Glomerulus and efferent vessel
                                                \n3. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
                                                \n4. Glomerulus only
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule<\/p>\n

                                                Question 32.
                                                \nRenal pelvis, ureter and urinary, bladder are lined by
                                                \n1. Columnar epithelium
                                                \n2. Spamous epithelium
                                                \n3. Transitional epithelium
                                                \n4. Globet cells
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Transitional epithelium<\/p>\n

                                                Question 33.
                                                \nWhich one of the following substance is completely reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubule under normal condition
                                                \n1. Urea
                                                \n2. Uric acid
                                                \n3. Salt and water
                                                \n4. Glucose
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Glucose<\/p>\n

                                                Question 34.
                                                \nThe yellow colour of urine is due to
                                                \n1. Urea
                                                \n2. Melanin
                                                \n3. Uric acid
                                                \n4. Urochrome
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n4. Urochrome<\/p>\n

                                                \"AP<\/p>\n

                                                Question 35.
                                                \nThe glomerular filtrate contains
                                                \n1. Blood minus cells
                                                \n2. Blood minus cell and proteins
                                                \n3. Plasma minus cells and proteins
                                                \n4. Blood minus proteins
                                                \nAnswer:
                                                \n3. Plasma minus cells and proteins<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                Students get through AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Important Questions Lesson 2(b) Excretory Products and their Elimination which are most likely to be asked in the exam. AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Important Questions Lesson 2(b) Excretory Products and their Elimination Very Short Answer Questions Question 1. Name the blood vessels that enter and exit … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46557"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46584,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46557\/revisions\/46584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}