{"id":24243,"date":"2022-09-05T17:02:03","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T11:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/?p=24243"},"modified":"2022-09-05T17:02:03","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T11:32:03","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-physics-notes-chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/ap-inter-2nd-year-physics-notes-chapter-11\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Notes Chapter 11 Electromagnetic Waves"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Notes<\/a> 11th Lesson Electromagnetic Waves will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Notes 11th Lesson Electromagnetic Waves<\/h2>\n

\u2192 Displacement current is defined as the current which arises due to time rate of change of electric flux in some part of the electric circuit.<\/p>\n

\u2192 E.M waves consist of sinusoildally time varying electric and magnetic fields acting at right angles to each other as well as at right angles to the direction of propagation of waves.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Electromagnetic waves were theoritically predicated by Maxwell.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Maxwell modified Ampere’s circuital law.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Maxwell’s equations are mathematical expressions of Gauss law in electrostatics, Gauss law in magnetism, Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction and Ampere’s circuital laws.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Hertz and other scientists produced and studied the E.M waves experimentally.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Velocity of E.M waves is equal to velocity of light.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charges.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The whole range of frequency (or) wavelength of the E.M waves is known as electromagnetic spectrum.<\/p>\n

Formulae<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2192 Displacement current (ID<\/sub>) = \u03b50<\/sub> \\(\\frac{\\mathrm{d} \\phi_{\\mathrm{E}}}{\\mathrm{dt}}\\)<\/p>\n

\u2192 Modified Ampere circuital law
\n\\(\\oint \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{B}} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{d}} l=\\mu_0\\left(\\mathrm{i}_0+\\varepsilon_0 \\frac{\\mathrm{d} \\phi_{\\mathrm{E}}}{\\mathrm{dt}}\\right)\\)<\/p>\n

\u2192 Maxwell’s equations are<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \\(\\oint \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{E}} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{d} s}\\) = q\/\u03b50<\/sub> (Gauss law in electrostatics)<\/li>\n
  2. \\(\\oint \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{B}} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{d}} \\mathrm{s}\\) = 0 (Gauss law in magnetism)<\/li>\n
  3. \\(\\oint \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{E}} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{d}} l=\\frac{-\\mathrm{d} \\phi_{\\mathrm{B}}}{\\mathrm{dt}}\\) (Faraday’s law of elctromagnetic induction)<\/li>\n
  4. \\(\\oint \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{E}} \\cdot \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{d}} l=\\mu_0\\left(\\mathrm{i}_0+\\varepsilon_0 \\frac{\\mathrm{d} \\phi_{\\mathrm{E}}}{\\mathrm{dt}}\\right)\\)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u2192 Velocity of light (C) = \\(\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}\\) = 3 \u00d7 108<\/sup> m\/s<\/p>\n

    \"AP<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Refractive index (\u03bc) = \\(\\frac{C}{V}=\\sqrt{\\frac{\\mu \\varepsilon}{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}\\)<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Energy density of electric field (UE<\/sub>) = \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\) \u03b50<\/sub> C E2<\/sup><\/p>\n

    \u2192 Energy density of magnetic field (UB<\/sub> = \\(\\frac{\\mathrm{B}^2}{2 \\mu_0^2}\\)<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Poynting vector \\((\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{p}})=\\frac{1}{\\mu_0}(\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{E}} \\times \\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{B}})\\)<\/p>\n

    \u2192 Intensity of e.m waves (I) = \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\) \u03b50<\/sub> C E0<\/sub>2<\/sup><\/p>\n

    \u2192 Pressure (p) = \\(\\frac{1}{\\mathrm{~A}} \\frac{\\mathrm{dp}}{\\mathrm{dt}}=\\frac{\\text { Intensity (I) }}{\\mathrm{C}}\\)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Notes 11th Lesson Electromagnetic Waves will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly. AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Notes 11th Lesson Electromagnetic Waves \u2192 Displacement current is defined as the current which arises due to time rate of change of electric flux in some part … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24243"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24245,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24243\/revisions\/24245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}