{"id":24059,"date":"2023-06-14T10:17:57","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T04:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/?p=24059"},"modified":"2023-06-14T16:03:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T10:33:34","slug":"ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-notes-chapter-1a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/ap-inter-2nd-year-zoology-notes-chapter-1a\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes Chapter 1(a) Digestion and Absorption"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes<\/a>\u00a0Lesson 1(a) Digestion and Absorption will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.<\/p>\n

AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes Lesson 1(a) Digestion and Absorption<\/h2>\n

\u2192 The process of conversion of the complex food substances into their simple absorbable forms is called digestion.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Digestion involves both mechanical and biochemical processes.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and the associated glands.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The alimentary canal begins with the mouth and ends with the anus.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus are the parts of the alimentary canal.<\/p>\n

\u2192 An adult human has 32 permanant teeth, which are of four different types namely incisors, canines, premolars and molars.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The dental formula of human adult is \\(\\frac{2123}{2123}\\) = 32.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 The tongue acts as universal tooth brush and helps in mixing saliva with food, taste detection, deglution and speaking.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Stomach is a wide ‘J’ shaped muscular bag like structure, it has three parts cardiac portion, fundic region and pyloric region.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, it has three regions namely duodenum, jejunum and ileum.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Vermi form appendix is a narrow finger like projection, it is a vestigial organ arises from caecum.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Humans have three pairs of salivary glands namely parotid glands, the submaxillary glands and sublingual glands.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Salivary glands secrete saliva, contain water, salts, mucin salivary amylase and lysozyme.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Gastric glands are of three types namely cardiac glands, pyloricglands and fundic glands.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Gastric juice contains pro-enzymes like pepsinogen, pro-renin (in children).<\/p>\n

\u2192 Gastric juice pH ranging from 0.9 to 1.8.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Intestinal glands are two types namely Brunner’s glands and Crypts of lieberkuhn and secrete intestinal juice.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Intestinal juice contains peptidases and disaccharidases etc.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Liver is the largest gland in the body, secretes bile juice.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Bile juice plays an important role in lipid digestion.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Pancreas is the second largest gland in the body; the endocrine part of pancreas secretes alkaline.panereatic juice and exocrine part secretes insulin and glucagon hormones.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Pancreatic juice contains trypsinogen, chymotrypisnogen, carboxy peptidase, steapsin, pancreatre amylase and nucleases.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Partly digested acidic food formed in the stomach is called chyme.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Gastrin is secreted from the epithelium of the stomach. It stimulates the secretions of HCl and pepsinogen.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Secretin is secreted by the epithelium of duodenum and stimulate the secretions of water and bicarbonates of the pancreatic juice.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Cholecystokinin is secreted from the epithelium of the duodenum and stimulate the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the release of bile.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Villi and kinin secreted from intestinal villi stimulate the movement of villi to increase absorption.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Digestion is the process of conversion of complex and non-diffusible food substances into simple diffusible substances.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Absorption is movement of water and digested food into the wall of the alimentary canal and then into blood.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Digestion is accomplished by Mechanical and Biochemical processes.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The digestive system consists of Alimentary canal (Gut) and its associated glands.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Digestive glands: Salivary glands, Gastric glands, Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal glands.<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 Small Intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal and most of the digestion takes place in small intestine.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The essential substances in food are carbohydrates, proteins and fats.<\/p>\n

\u2192 Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins are building blocks and fats provide reserve energy.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The tongue acts as a universal tooth brush. L.S of Tooth consists of crown, neck, root. [IPE]<\/p>\n

\u2192 The acidic semi digested fluid food formed in the stomach is called chyme. [IPE]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Liver is the largest gland in the body which secretes bile juice. [IPE]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Bile juice plays an important role in lipid(fat) digestion. [IPE]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Bile salts help in the emulsification of Fats. Bile activates lipases. [IPE]<\/p>\n

\u2192 In the stomach gastric acid is secreted by the parietal cells. [NEET-2016]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Gastric juice of infants contains pepsinogen, lipase, rennin [NEET-2015]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called facilitated transport. [NEET-2014]<\/p>\n

\"AP<\/p>\n

\u2192 The enzyme composition of pancreatic juice: Lipase, Amylase, Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase [NEET-2017]<\/p>\n

\u2192 The hormones Cholecvstokiniri and secretin stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate. [NEET-2016]<\/p>\n

\u2192 The cells whose secretion protects the lining of gastro-intestinal tract from various enzymes are goblet cells. [NEET-2019]<\/p>\n

\u2192 Succus entericus is referred to as intestinal juice. [NEET-2021]<\/p>\n

\u2192 The enzyme enterokinase helps in conversion of trypsinogen into trypsin. [NEET-2020]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes\u00a0Lesson 1(a) Digestion and Absorption will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly. AP Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes Lesson 1(a) Digestion and Absorption \u2192 The process of conversion of the complex food substances into their simple absorbable forms is called digestion. \u2192 Digestion involves … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24059"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24059"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47878,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24059\/revisions\/47878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apboardsolutions.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}