Access to the AP 10th Class English Workbook Answers Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Questions and Answers are aligned with the curriculum standards.
AP 10th Class English Workbook Answers Unit 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Let’s Begin
Question 1.
You have read the story about Nelson Mandela in your textbook, First Flight, and the struggle of the people of South Africa. Mandela draws our attention to the meaning and importance of freedom and leading a life with freedom. He states that freedom comes with responsibilities.Discuss with your peers, how freedom and responsibilities go hand in hand.
Answer:
We naturally aspire freedom. But freedom comes with responsibilites. Most people want to be free but don’t Want to take responsibilities. But freedom is inseparable from responsibility. A person’s right to be free from discrimination imposes a responsibility on others not to discriminate against them.
The right to freedom also comes with responsibilities to others. People who use freedom as a catchery or who claim their human rights are being infringed too Often forget their responsibilities. They also forget that freedoms and rights conflict.
People claim that they had a right to smoke in restaurants or on aeroplanes. As the harms of passive smoking became increasingly clear; non-smokers insisted on their right to be free from being smoked in restaurants and on aeroplanes.
Freedom has two sides : the freedom to do something and the freedom not to do something. Both sides are important because together they give us the ability to choose how we want to live our lives. The more freedom, the more responsibility.
The increased freedom is, of course, great, but it also meant there should be an increased responsibility. Freedom and responsibility should be correlated. There should be right balance between freedom and responsibility. The combination of the two is autonomy.
Thus freedom is the power of choice that individuals have in society while responsibility is the attitude of the person to respond for the actions he chooses freely.
Reading Comprehension
Complete the sentences given below by choosing the most appropriate word or phrase.
Question 1.
The occasion of the speech of Sardar Patel here is
a) an address to a public gathering
b) a convocation address at a university
c) a speech in Indian Parliament
d) a speech delivered to civil servants
Answer:
b) a convocation address at a university
Question 2.
Patel feels that future generations will heap curses on us if’
a) we fail to protect our freedom
b) we fail to protect the corrupt people in public life
c) we wage war against other nations
d) we understand the need for peace
Answer:
a) we fail to protect our freedom
Question 3.
The first and foremost thing Patel stressed to be done is
a) to make the country strong and united
b) to give employment to everyone
c) to fight a war against those who oppressed us
d) to make every citizen feel happy
Answer:
a) to make the country strong and united
Question 4.
One major characteristic of university education, as Sardar Patel believes, is
a) character
b) duty
c) knowledge
d) power
Answer:
a) character
Question 5.
What did Patel not mean when he said, “You have to realise that India has to attain its rightful plAce in the comity of nations”? Tick the right answer.
a) Friendly and cordial relationship with other nations
b) Group of nations which wage war against other
c) Community of people
d) Nations from a continent
Answer:
b) Group of nations which wage war against other
Question 6.
‘India abounds in the resources of nature and manpower’ means
a) India has a vibrant economy
b) India’s natural resources and population are a great resource
c) India’s lack of manpower
d) Indians are great resource for development
Answer:
b) India’s natural resources and population are a great resource
Question 7.
What is the greatest danger for India as Patel believes in his speech?
a) Climate in India is not suitable for hard work.
b) Disunity and communalism among the citizens are the greatest danger for India.
c) India’ lack of manpower
d) Indians lack in intelligence quotient.
Answer:
b) Disunity and communalism among the citizens are the greatest danger for India.
Question 8.
Complete the following statement based on your understanding of Patel’s speech.
The first and foremost duty of the young nation is
Answers :
The first and the foremost duty of the young nation is to make the foundation of our freedom strong and unassailable and we have to make the best use of our freedom to make it worthwhile.
Vocabulary
1. Use the following words and phrases in your own sentences.
Answer:
a) Precincts : the area around a place or a building, sometimes surrounded by a wall
No one carrying the arms is allowed within the precincts of a temple.
b) Comity of nations : an association of nations for their mutual benefit This nation believes in the openness of comity of nations.
c) Unassailable : that cannot be destroyed, defeated or questioned His position in this firm was unassailable.
d) Mutual cooperation : refers to a situation in which two or more people or groups agree to work together to achieve a common goal. The success of the project requires mutual cooperation among the stakeholders.
Question 2.
Sardar Patel called upon young students to understand the meaning of freedom and ways to sustain it. Here are two key words which he stressed upon-‘Freedom’ and ‘Responsibility’. Working in pairs, find words and phrases which convey the feeling of these words and write below.
Answer:
| Freedom | Responsibility |
| 1) sovereignty | 1) obligation |
| 2) independence | 2) responsibility |
| 3) self-government | 3) trust worthiness |
| 4) autonomy | 4) rationality |
| 5) liberty | 5) liability |
| 6) emancipation | 6) culpability |
| 7) liberation | 7) accountability |
| 8) disenthralment | 8) answerability |
| 9) self-rule | 9) commitment |
| 10) home rule | 10) duty |
You may have written above at least seven to eight words for each key word. Using the words write at least five sentences describing ‘Freedom’ and ‘Responsibility’. One has been done for you.
Example: Freedom is not free.
Answer:
Freedom :
- Independence :
a) Independence is not depending on others.
b) India got Independence in 1947. - Liberty : The concept of individual liberty is enshrined in the Constitution.
- Emancipation : Slaves were emancipated in 1863 in the United States of America.
- Dominion: Lord Irwin announced in October, 1929, a vague offer of dominion status for India in an unspecified future.
- Liberate : The city was liberated by the advancing army.
- Disenthralment: An attempt of disenthralment was made in 1857.
- Autonomy: The Constitution awards the individuals greater autonomy in their own lives.
- Self-rule : The agreement gives the territory limited self-rule.
- Self-governance: Moderate leaders of Indian National Congress did not at first ask for home-rule.
Responsibility:
- Obligation : We have a moral obligation to protect the environment.
- Liability : The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.
- Accountability : The company promises accountability to its shareholders.
- Answerability : Elected politicians must be made answerable for their decisions.
- Culpable : The accident was the result of a culpable failure to consider the risks involved.
Grammar
Use of Articles
Question 1.
You have come across the use of articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’ in the lesson. The tasks in the textbook give you the idea that the use of ‘the’ with proper noun carries a special meaning. Read the following paragraph from the speech you have read above. The articles are missing in the paragraph. With the help of your partner, fill in the blanks.
……………….. weapons of ……………….. world war were: violence, brute force, political and military moves, and counter moves. As ……………….. result of ……………….. churning of the ocean, ……………….. world has emitted poison. That poison is spreading all over and there is none to swallow it. ……………….. countries which were free have managed to digest it somewhat, but we, who have just attained our freedom, it is hard to do ……………….. same. Therefore, those who think that having attained freedom they have attained everything, have really attained nothing ! ……………….. freedom that we have won is yet to be consolidated.
Answer
The weapons of the world war were: violence, brute force, political and military moves, and counter moves. As a result of the churning of the ocean, the world has emitted poison. That poison is spreading all over and there is none to swallow it. The countries which were free have managed to digest it somewhat, but we, who have just attained our freedom, it is hard to do the same. Therefore, those who think that having attained freedom they have attained everything, have really attained nothing! The freedom that we have won is yet to be consolidated.
Question 2.
Which article most frequently occurs in the passage ? Why is it so? Can you replace it with some other article? Why / Why not ? Discuss with your peers and make notes. ‘
Answer:
Article ‘the’ is used most frequently occurs in the passage. ‘The’ is used in most occasions because ‘the’ here is used before proper nouns, or the nouns that are definite or particular, because they have been mentioned earlier. No, we cannot replace ‘the’ with some other article.
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
a) ……………….. boy and ……………….. girl were shopping in a market. ………………..boy was from Kerala
and ………………..girl Was from Nagaland.
b) Can you turn off ………………..light ?
c) He has taken ……………….. taxi to ……………….. station.
d) Is there ……………….. police station nearby ?
e) My sister works in ……………….. bank.
f) He has been looking for ……………….. job for the last seven years.
g) Would you like to eat ……………….. apple?
h) He goes to the theatre once ……………….. month.
i) This morning I bought: newspaper and ……………….. magazine………………… newspaper
is on my table and I forgot where I have placed ……………….. magazine.
j) We would like to have dinner at ……………….. good restaurant.
Answers
a) A, a, The, the
b) the
c) a, the
d) a
e) a
f) a
g) an
h) a
i) a, a, The, the
j) a
Editing
1. The following passage has an error in each line. Find the error and write the correct word or words against the line.
Answer:
I don’t mean that some peoples are born clear headed people
and is therefore natural writers, whereas others are
are naturally fuzzy and will never wrote well. write
Thinking clearly was a conscious act that writers is
must forced on themselves, as if they were working force
on any other project that requires logic: makes making
shopping list or doing an algebra problems algeberic
Good writing do not come naturally, does
though most people seems to think it does. seem
Professional writer are constantly bearded by writers
people who say they’d like to “trying a little try
writing sometime” – meaned when they professions
retire from their real profession.
Listening
1. Your teacher or any one student will read out the text given below to the whole class. Listen carefully. Working in groups of four, note down in short the important points as you. listen. Discuss in your group. Recreate and write the text you have listened to. You need not write the exact text, but the meaning should be nearest to the actual text read out to you. Your teacher will read out the text again for all the groups so that you can check whether you have understood the text well.
Text for listening
A few minutes ago, walking back from lunch, I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn’t much but, as I turned my eyes caught the heads of severed other people turning too. A woman had dropped what appeared to be a one rupee coin. The tinkling sound of a coin dropping on the pavement grabs attention. Whatever be the value of the coin no one can ignore the sound of it. It got me thinking about sounds again.
Answer
A few moments ago after taking lunch when I was walking back home I happened to hear the faint sound of a coin falling on the ground. Though it was not of a great value’ it attracted the attention of all the people passing by. It was dropped by a woman. Not the value of the coin but the euphonious sound of the coin made all the people to pay attention. This made me think about mellifluous sounds.
Speaking
1. You have read the speeches of Nelson Mandela and Sardar Patel. You know their beliefs and ideas on freedom and responsibilities for a new born nation. Discuss with your partner and put down your ideas on what freedom means to you. Prepare an outline.
Answer:
Freedom is political and social emancipation. Freedom liberates all people from continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. I Freedom awards the people equal rights and social and political equality of the people regardless of the colour of their’skin.
Freedom ends centuries of oppression of the downtrodden by the bullies and the imperials. Freedom helps the people to live without fear, and fear of oppression without fear of humiliation because of colour and community and without fear of social and economic deprivation.
Freedom helps people attain their own identity, dignity and helps them live as sovereigns but not as slaves. Freedom helps the downtrodden and the oppressed to enjoy great opportunities which were once denied to them. Freedom helps and allows people to prosper irrespective of their caste, creed, colour and religion. Freedom has to be consolidated, nursed and nourished, instructed and strengthened.
We have to make the foundations of our freedom strong and unassailable. It is the responsibility of young men and women to make our country strong, united and invincible. The youth must work hard to attain rightful place for our country in the comity of nations.
The youth must be trained to use the abundant resources of nature and man power to the full extent for accomplishing prosperity by creating employment, for making the wheel of economy whirl round and round, bigger and greater to make our country financially viable to eradicate unemployment, illiteracy, poverty and dependency to help our country to attain self reliance in food production, scientific research and technological development.
Question 2.
Prepare a speech for the morning assembly reflecting on the following questions.
a) How do you feel today about the country’s freedom?
b) Are we free and independent?
c) Are we serious about our responsibilities as citizens?
Answer
Honourable Principal sir, respected teachers and my dear brothers and sisters, Today 1 have been given the opportunity of giving a speech on Freedom. I would like to ask you how is our country’s freedom today. We have attained freedom through the sacrifices of great leaders.
The people who are enjoying the fruits of freedom have become self-centred. They have ignored the wider interests of our country. Even after the attainment of freedom we have not attained anything. Freedom that has been attained, is to be consolidated. The foundations of freedom have to be laid firmly and strongly. Instead of trying to make the foundation of own freedom strong and unassailable our youth is wasting their precious time in useless controversies and unnecessary debates and disputes.
We are still not united. Our society is divided into numerous castes, creeds, and into religions. Disintegration among people cannot make our country integrated and united. Now I would like to ask you whether we are really free or independent. If you ask me to answer this question myself, I will tell you we are not yet free and independent even after decades of independence and freedom.
Most of our compatriots are still suffering from social discrimination, inequality, poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. Though we are independent we are still not self-reliant in so many aspects. We are still depending on other countries for so many things. I would like to answer whether we are serious about our responsibilities as citizens. Without hesitation, anyone can answer this question negatively.
We are not serious about our responsibilities since we are self-centered. We only strive for our selfbetterment and self prosperity. Our responsibility is to stand on our own feet, to make our country strong and united, but we are not pure enough to fully appreciate our duty. We have to mend the administrative fabric which was tattered by the foreign rulers.
We are not selfless and sincere enough to shoulder this responsibility. We have completely engrossed ourselves in our personal development instead of trying to attain a rightful place for our country in the comity of nations. Thank you for giving me this opportunity.
Writing
Question 1.
Make pairs. One of you takes the role of Nelson Mandela and the other becomes the interviewer.
a) The interviewer prepares a questionnaire on Nelson Mandela Mandela as a person and his contributions to the removal of Apartheid.
b) The interviewee responds to them. The interviewer’s task is to note down the answers also.
c) The interviewer, through the questions, tries to get an overview of Mandela’s life.
Q. How did your 27 years life of imprisonment make you a different man ?
Answer
Before I went to jail, I was active in politics as a member of South Africa’s leading organisation – and I was generally busy from 7 A.M. until midnight. I never had time to – sit arid think. But when I was imprisoned, being a single in cell I had time to think.
I had a clear view of my past and present, and I found that my past left much to be desired, Both in regard to my relations with other humans and in developing personal worth ” but I was unable to do that when I was in politics. Now from prison I am responding. Now I am thinking about how to help those with no resources, those who are poor, illiterate.
Q. It’s hard to imagine a world where you are not allowed to see, touch or hold your own children. What else did you miss ?
Answer:
My family, of course. And I missed my people. In many respects, people on the other ‘ side suffered more than those of us in jail. In prison we ate three times a day. We had ‘ clothing. We had free medical services, and we could sleep 12 hours a day. But others 1,1 did not enjoy any of these things.
Q. When you finally achieved, political freedom you chose the path of reconciliation. Are you at all surprised at how powerful a force it has been ?
Answer:
Well, people respond in accordance to how you relate to them. If you approach them”on the basis of violence, that is how they will react. But if you say we want peace, we want stability, we can then do a lot of things which will contribute towards the progress of our society.
Q. Has religion played an important role in your life ?
Answer:
It is important not to be hostile to what a greater part of society has embraced, whether ‘ as Christians, Hindus or Muslims. The relation between a human being and his or her God is a personal matter. Broadly speaking religion has played a good role in world history. The only difference is the competition now – between various religious groups, that I would discourage. Bift the widely held belief that there is a superior being who supervises, our affairs is good for humanity.
Q. You have spoken about blacks and whites sharing power. Would you consider a system of separate electoral rolls of blacks and whites?
Answer:
No, because the perception that would then arise among our people would be that, in so far as the west is concerned, they are prepared for democracy on the basis of one man one vote, but not as far as South Africa is concerned.
The democratic principle is the only answer and we are saying that one man one vote follows the same principle which is adopted in England. The only difference is that we have a large and important minority whose fears must be addressed. This is why I favour a bill of rights which would be above politics and give every citizen protection through courts. If necessary, against the government.
Question 2.
Make groups of four and find out file background information on Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King. All three of them fought against all odds and used non-violence to achieve their aim. Choose any two of the above stated leaders and do a comparative study of their principles and lives.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi:
1) Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi was known to his followers as ‘Mahatma’ – The Great Soul’.
2) He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early years.
3) Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination he experienced as an Indian immigrant in South Africa. On a train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first class compartment and beaten up by a white stage coach driver after refusing to give up his seat for a European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Gandhi and he soon began developing and teaching the concept of Satyagraha (truth and firmness) or passive resistance, as a way of non-cooperation with authorities.
4) Gandhi was imprisoned for severed times during his pursuit of non-cooperation and undertook a number of hungerstrikes to protest against the oppression of India’s poorest classes.
5) In 1906, in South Africa, when the Transvaal Government passed an ordinance regarding the registration of its Indian population, Gandhi led a campaign of civil disobedience that lasted for eight years and forced the government of South Africa to accept a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and accepted the important concessions.
6) He was known for his ascetic and austere lifestyle by dressing himself in a loincloth and shawl. It was based on prayer, fasting and meditation.
7) As part of his non-violent non-cooperation campaign for home rule Gandhi stressed the importance of economic independence for India. He particularly advocated manufacture of Khaddar or homespun cloth.
8) Gandhi turned the Indian Independence movement into a massive mass movement leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institution representing British- influence in India, including legislatures and schools.
9) After the sporadic violence broke out in Chauri-Chaura in 1922, Gandhi announced the end of the resistance movement to the dismay of his followers.
10) Gandhi organised1 a series of hungerstrikes in protest of the treatment of India’s so called untouchables whom he renamed as the Harijans (the children of God). It resulted in swift reforms by the Hindu community and the govenment.
Martin Luther King:
1) Martin Luther King is widely regarded as America’s preeminent advocate of non-violence anp one of the greatest non-violent leaders in world history. Under his leadership African Americans achieved more genuine progress toward racial equality in America than the previous 350 years had produced.
2) Drawing inspiration from both his Christian faith and the peaceful teachings of the Mahatma Gandhi, Dr King led a non-violent movement to achieve legal equality for African – American in the United States.
3) Martin Luther King used the power of words arid acts of non-violent resistance, such as protests, grassroots organisations and civil disobedience to achieve seemingly impossible goals.
4) He went on to lead similar campaigns against poverty and international conflict, always maintaining fidelity to his principles that men and women, regardless of – colour, creed, are equal members of the human family.
5) His “I Have a Dream” speech; Nobel Peace Prize lecture and letter from a ‘Birmingham jail’ are among the most revered orations.
6) In 1963, he led a coalition of numerous civil rights groups in a non-violent campaign aimed at Birmingham, Alabama, which at that time was described as “the most segragated city America”.
7) In 1963, Dr King was one of the driving forces behind the ‘March for Jobs and Freedom’ more commonly known as the “March on Washington”, which drew over a quarter million people to the national mall. It was at this march that Dr King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. It cemented his status as a social change leader and helped inspire the nation to act on civil rights.
8) In 1964, his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech is thought by many to be among the most powerful remarks ever delivered at the event. His oft quoted phrase “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right temporarily defeated is stronger evil triumphant” has become most famous among the scholars.
9) In 1964, because of his non-violent struggle, the congress passed the landmark Civil Rights Act, essentially eliminating legalized segregation in the United States. The. legislation made it illegal to discriminate against blacks or other minorities.
10) Because of peaceful, non-violent campaign congress went on to pass the Voting Right Act that eliminated the remaining barriers to voting for African-Americans.
Project
1. You have learnt about the freedom struggles of many nations after the Second World War and how many leaders spearheaded freedom movements in their countries. Based on the learning from history and political science, write about any two leaders from different nations. The following are prompts that can help you :
- Their thoughts
- Their uniqueness
- Honesty and integrity
- Confidence apd leadership qualities
- Inspirational speeches
- Contributions to free their countries
(Hints: You may develop their profiles in chronological order. You may visit the library. Consult social science teachers in your school and elders in your neighbourhood
Answer
Sam Nujoma : Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Nujoma is a Namibian revolutionary anti- aparthied activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. Nujoma was the founding member and the first President of the Southwest African People’s Organisation (SWAPO) in 1960.
After several years of fruitlessly petitioning the United Nations to compel South Africa to release control of Southwest Africa, SWAPO embarked on an armed struggle ’ in 1966. Although its guerilla force, the People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), failed to liberate any territory, it succeeded in focusing international attention on Namibia.
In 1973, the UN General Assembly recognised SWAPO as the sole legitimate representative of the Namibian people. Sam Nujoma was backed by the Angolan ruling party, Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, and the Soviet Union. SWAPO used Angola as a base for guerilla warfare on Namibian soil.
In 1974, The Portuguese Empire collapsed and Namibia’s border with Angola opened up. Nujoma recognised that this paved the way for major changes in the way the war was being fought and over the next two years SWAPO’s military campaign shifted its base from Zambia to Angola. The opening of the border enabled thousands of SWAPO supporters to stream out of Namibia to join the movement in exile.
At the 1977 World Conference against Apartheid in Lisbon Nujoma underlined the necessity to destroy the colonial system and institution of South-African racist regime in Namibia in order to build those which will serve the interest of people irrespective of race, religion or origin.
In 1978 the United Nations Security Council passed the Resolution – 435 which embodied the plan for free and fair elections in Namibia, was undoubtedly a diplomatic coup, its implementation became bogged down for another ten years. On 19 March 1989, the signing of the ceasefire agreement with South Africa took place, which resulted in the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 435.
After 29 years in exile, Nujoma returned to Namibia in September 1989 to lead SWAPO to victory in the UN-supervised elections that paved the way for independence. The Constituent Assembly, elected in November, 1989 chose him as Namibia’s first President. Nujoma was sworn in on 21 March 1990.
Sukarno of Indonesia : Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for Independence from the Dutch colonists. He was a statesman, orator, revolutionary and nationalist, who was the first President of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Sukarno was the prominent leader of Indonesia’s nationalist movement during colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from, the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas.
Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re¬consolidation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian Independence in 1949.
After a chaotic period of parliamentary democracy, Sukarno established an autocratic system called “Guided Democracy” in 1959 that successfully ended the instability and rebellions which were threatening the survival of the diverse and fractious country.
In the early 1960s Sukarno embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under ’ the rubric of anti-imperialism and personally championed the Non-Aligned Movement. These developments led to increasing friction with the Wast and closer relations with the USSR. After the events surrounding the 30 September Movement of 1965, the military general Suharto largely took control of the country in a Western-backed military overthrow of the Sukarno-led – government.
This was followed by repression of real and perceived leftists, including executions of Communist party members and suspected sympathisers in several massacres with support from the CIA and the British Intelligence Services, resulting in 5,00,000 to 10,00,000 deaths. In 1967, Suharto officially assumed the presidency, replacing Sukarno, who remained under house arrest until his death in 1970.