TS 7th Class Social Study Material 4th Lesson Oceans and Fishing

Telangana SCERT 7th Class Social Guide Pdf Telangana 4th Lesson Oceans and Fishing Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS 7th Class Social 4th Lesson Questions and Answers – Oceans and Fishing

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Question 1.
Does Bhavanapadu look like the place you live in? What differences and similarities can you think of? Compare them on the following aspects.
a) Sources of livelihood
b) Types of employment
c) Water sources
d) Agriculture practices
Answer:

Bhavanapadu	My Village
a) Sources of livelihood 1) The main source of livelihood is fishing.	a) Sources of livelihood 1) But in our area in Warangal District, the main source of livelihood is agriculture.
b) Types of employment 1) Most of the people are fishermen. 2) Only a few of them are farmers.	b) Types of employment 1) Here in our area most of the people are farmers. 2) Some landless people are agricultural labour in the fields of landlords. 3) Some of them own agro-based industries and some of them work as employees in those industries.
C) Water sources 1) Water is saline. 2) Fresh water is not available. 3) Government has sanctioned a protective water project. But that has stopped functioning now.	c) Water sources 1) Fresh water is not available at a depth of 15 to 20 feet.
Agriculture practices 1) The soil is Bhavanapadu is mainly loamy. 2) Rice is the principal crop. 3) Only a few acres of land are irrigated.	d) Agriculture practices 1) The soil is very fertile. 2) So many crops are grown. 3) Most of the land is under irrigation

Question 2.
How many types of ocean movements are there? Which of them is useful to the fishermen?
Answer:
The water of oceans are never still. There are three kinds of ocean movements.
They are

1. Waves
2. Currents
3. Tides.

Waves: The rise and fall of the water on the surface of the oceans are called waves.
Currents: The movement of water from one place to another in a stream, constantly in a definite direction, on the surface of the oceans, is called ocean current.
Tides: The rhythmic rise and fall in the level of the water in the oceans are called tides. The tides are of great help to fishing. Tides at some places take away the mud brought down by rivers and prevent silting.

Question 3.
What is the difference between fishing with mechanical boats and that of karrateppa?
Answer:

Mechanical Boat	Karrateppa
1) Needs huge investment.	1) Needs small Investment.
2) More people have to be recruited.	2) Less people or family members are sufficient.
3) Need diesel /mechanically built.	3) No need of diesel. Country made.
4) Goes far into sea and it is difficult to swim over to shore in times of trouble.	4) Goes upto 5 km into the sea and easy to swim over to shore in times of trouble.
5) There is no first aid in big boats nor any life jacket.	5) This can reach the shore immediately in case of eventuality.
6) Can get a good catch of a variety of fish.	6) Small catch of fish.

Question 4.
Write the process of getting a mechanical boat ready for fishing?
Answer:

1. The boat has to be get ready a day before fishing.
2. All the necessary things have to he properly loaded.
3. Before launching into sea, engine has to be checked.
4. Additional stock of diesel is to be stored.
5. Food packages are to be get ready,

Question 5.
What does the tool kit of fishermen contain?
Answer:
The fishermen have a special tool kit for repairing the nets which contains

1. Nulakarralu (Net repairing fork)
2. Nulukanda (Thread)
3. Flattened stick that determines the net ring size.

Question 6.
What are the similarities that you find between the surface of the earth and the bottom of the sea?
Answer:

1. Both are similar.
2. The floor of the ocean is just like the surface of the earth.
3. The bottom of the sea is not a flat surface.
4. It consists of hills, mountains, plateaus, plains, and trenches etc.
5. A major part of ocean floor is about 3 – 6 Km below the sea level.

Question 7.
Collect the information about the aquifers of your village /town and fill in the table. Analyse the benefit.
Answer:

Name of the aquifer	Uses	Limitations
1. Springs and Streams	Irrigation	Dry in summer
2. Wells	Domestic purpose	Scarcity and Pollution
3. Bore wells	Domestic purpose	Dry in summer
4. Village Tank	Domestic purpose and Irrigation	Water-salty Bunds break and get damaged causing floods.

For Eg: Name of aquifer: Village tank.
Uses:

• Irrigating fields,
• Drinking water.
• Washing clothes etc.,

Limitations:

1. Tanks have to be maintained by strengthening hands
2. Desilting,
3. Preventing the entry of effluents etc.

Note: Students are advised to write the information belonging to their place based on above illustrative answer.

Question 8.
Make an album that reflects the life of fishermen.
Answer:

Question 9.
What solutions would you suggest to the fishermen to not depend on the middlemen for money?
Answer:

1. The fishermen should form societies themselves to obtain loans and other facilities from the government.
2. They should build good storage facilities to sell their fish stock only there is good rate.
3. They should well acquainted about the schemes offered by government for purchasing boats, for getting loans at lower rate of interests.

Question 10.
In the last 4 chapters, we studied many different aspects of water. Here is more information about the availability of water on Earth. Look at them carefully and explain the availability of water resources on the earth.

Answer:
1. The above pie diagrams show the distribution of water on the earth.
2. The first pie diagram shows that –

• Ice caps and glaciers account for 68. 7% of fresh water.
• Groundwater account for 30.1 % of fresh water.
• Surface water account for 0.3 % of fresh water and other sources contain 0.9% of fresh water.

3. The second pie diagram shows that there is 97% saline water and 3% fresh water on the earth.
4. The last diagram shows that
a) Lakes, swamps, and rivers contain 87%, 11 %, and 2% of the fresh surface water respectively.

Question 11.
How do you support the statement “The life of fishermen is tied up with seas.
Answer:
Yes. I always support the statement that “the life of Fishermen is tied up with seas” The following are the reasons.

1. Fishing is their livelihood.
2. They go into the sea early in the morning and return back late in the night.
3. They go up to 15-20 kilometers in the sea.
4. If there is a good catch, they will get more money for the household.
5. There is more risk of life as if they go far into the sea, it would be difficult to swim over to shore in times of trouble,
6. They do not know any other work.
7. Hence we can conclude that the life of fishermen is tied up with seas.

Question 12.
Read the first paragraph under the heading Fishing villages on the coastal plains in page 35 and current on it (AS)
Ocean water is always saline. It contains several mineral salts dissolved in it. The occeans are the main source for rainfall. Oceans are the storehouses of fish and other sea foods. They are the main source of salts. Oceans provide natural highways for international trade. Let us visit Bhavanapadu, a fishing village near the coast of Andhra Pradesh, and study the life of people living near the ocean.
Answer:
Significance of the oceans:

• The oceans are the main source for rainfall.
• Oceans are the main source of salt.
• Oceans are the storehouses of fish and other sea foods.
• Oceans provide natural highways for international trade

Intext Questions

Text Book Page No. 33

Question 1.
Is the water found in your village in town saline or potable? Is it different in different parts of the village in town? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Some parts of our village/town have saline water and some parts have potable water.

Question 2.
How do you call different water bodies? Do large or small water – bodies have different names? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

1. Lakes, canals, rivers, wells, tube wells, tanks, etc., are different water bodies.
2. Wells and tube wells are small water bodies.
3. Lakes, tanks, canals, and rivers are big water bodies.

Question 3.
In a map of the world or on the globe, find the names of five seas and five oceans. Run your hand over the areas they cover. (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:

Question 4.
Please share what you have seen water-bodies.
Answer:
Water – plants, fishes, snakes, etc.

Question 5.
How many meters deep are the water bodies you have seen? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
About 10 to 15 meters.

Text Book Page No. 34

Question 6.
Find the districts that lie on the coastline of Andhra Pradesh. (Mapping skills)
Answer:

1. The fishermen should form societies themselves to obtain loans and other facilities from the government.
2. They should build good storage facilities to sell their fish stock only when there is good rate.
3. They should well acquainted about the schemes offered by government for purchasing boats, for getting loans at lower rate of interests.

Question 7.
Find the district in which Bhavanapadu village is located.
Answer:
Srikakulam

Question 8.
Look at the image of Bhavanapadu village and find the following: (Mapping skills)

(i) Identify the water bodies in the image.
Answer:
Wells, canals, kuntalu, protective water project. etc.

ii) Identify the land that is used for activities other than agriculture in this village. If so, for what purpose?
Answer:
I identified some lands which are used for salt pans and animal rearing.

Text Book Page No.37

Question 9.
What enables the middlemen in the fi%h business to earn much more money than the fishermen? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
Some middlemen stOi the fish, segregate them and carry them in cold container tanks. They are carried far away, where they have a good demand. All these facilities are not available to fishermen. So, the middlemen earn more money.

Question 10.
For what purpose are the thermocol boxes shown in the photo lined up in the middleman’s adda? (Conceptual understanding)
Answer:
To store the fish and segregate the fish temporarily.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
What is an ocean?
Answer:
Large seas are called oceans. Oceans are huge bodies of water generally separated by continents.

Question 2.
How many types of ocean currents are there? What are they?
Answer:
There are two types of ocean currents. They are –

1. the warm currents
2. the cold currents.

Question 3.
What are tides?
Answer:
Tides are the rhythemic rise and fall in the level of the water in the oceans every day.

Question 4.
Where is “Bhavanapadu’ situated?
Answer:
“Bhavanapadu’ is located in Srikakulam district in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 5.
What is the main occupation of the people in Bhavanapadu?
Answer:
Fishing is the main occupation of the people in Bhavanapadu.

Question 6.
What are the other occupations of the people of Bhavanapadu’
Answer:
Agriculture and animal husbandry are some other occupations of Bhavanapadu.

Question 7.
Who are ‘Pillas?
Answer:
The caste headmen are called “Pillas.”

Question 8.
What is called sea?
Answer:
An extension of saline water on earth is called sea.

Question 9.
What are the uses of tides?
Answer:
The tides are of great help to fishing, trade and navigation. Tides at some places take away the mud brought down by rivers and prevent silting.

Question 10.
What is Karrateppa?
Answer:
Karrateppa is a country-made boat which goes up to 5km into the sea and brings small catches of fish.

Question 11.
What are oceans?
Answer:
Large sea areas are called oceans.

Question 12.
Describe the agriculture in Bhavanapadu village? (Appreciation Sensitivity)
Answer:

• The village soil is mainly loamy and rice is the principal crop grown on it.
• A few acres of land are irrigated at the tail end of Vamshadhara canal.
• Most of the agriculture depends on the rainfall.
• A large number of cultivators are small farmers. So they dont grow any commercial crops.

Question 13.
How are oceans Useful to man?
Answer:

• The oceans are the main source of rainfall.
• They are the storehouses of fish and other sea foods.
• They are the main source of salt.
• They provide water routes for international trade.

Reading the text (given), understanding and interpretation

Question 1.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Social Life:
A large number of people of Bhavanapadu primarily worship Gangamma, Gown, and Shiva. They perform puja to their boat% and nets. The most important festival is Gown Purnima. They spend common good fund of the village on these festivals. Most of the men like Appalakonda wear tattoos like this.

There is an open stage. where the dramas, Burra Katha, Hari Katha, and record dances are performed. All these activities are lead by the caste head men called Pillas. The’ determine customs and traditions of the people. They even resolve disputes and impose fines. The money collected goes to common good fund.

Question.
Write about the Social life of Bhavanapadu?
Answer:

1. A large number of people of Bhavanapadu primarily worship Gangamma. Gown and Shiva,
2. They perform puja to their boats and nets.
3. They spend common fund on the festival of Gown Purnima,
4. They perform dramas, Burra Katha, and Harikathas during these days.
5. All these activities are lead by the caste head man called ‘Pillas”.

Question 2.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Fishing is not the only occupation of the people in Bhavanapadu village. They cultivate the land to grow crops and also rear animals and birds. The village soil is mainly loamy and rice is the principal crop grown on it.

Only a few acres of land are irrigated. Bhavanapadu lies at the tail end of Vamshadhara canal. Water comes to Bhavanapadu only after the fulfilment of the needs of the nearby village, Marripadu. Hence most of the agriculture in Bhavanapadu depends on the rain.

Question.
What are the occupations of Bhavanapadu village?
Answer:

1. Fishing is not the only occupation of the people in Bhavanapadu
2. They cultivate the land to grow crops.
3. They also rear animals and birds.

Question.
Write about the irrigation facilities of Bhavartapadu.
Answer:

1. Only a few acres of land are irrigated as it lies at the tail end of Vamshadhara canal.
2. Hence water comes after fulfilling the needs of other villages.
3. So most of the agriculture depends on the rain.

Information skills

Question 1.
Read the passage and answer the following questions. Nets are of different types based on different sizes of the Kannulu (Rings) and the layers of the net. Recently a net known as Ring Net which helps in getting a better catch is being increasingly used by the fishermen. This has helped to reduce migration from the village. Earlier there were nets made up of cotton thread.

Now cotton nets have almost been replaced by plastic, nylon, and other synthetic materials. A net lasts for 4-5 years. Nets are purchased by weight and the type of rings they contain. Nets cost around Rs. 250- 300 per kg.

1. What decides the size of the nets?
Answer:
Nets are of different types based on different sizes of the Kannulu and the layers of the net.

2. Name the type of the Net increasingly used by the fishermen.
Answer:
“Ring Net’ is increasingly used by the fishermen.

3. How are nets purchased?
Answer:
Nets are purchased by weight and the type of rings they contain.

4. Why are Ring Nets increasingly used?
Answer:
Rmg Nets help in getting a better catch, hence they are increasingly used.

5. State the difference between olden-days Nets and nowadays nets.
Answer:
Earlier, the nets were made up of cotton threads. Now cotton nets have almost been replaced by plastic, nylon, and other synthetic materials.

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
The floor of the ocean is just like the surface of the earth. The bottom of the sea is not a flat surface. It consists of hills, mountains, plateaus, plains, and trenches, etc. Many trenches on the ocean floor are so deep that even if Mount Everest is placed in them, it may drown completely. A major part of ocean floor is about 3-6 kms below the sea level.

Now answer the following questions:
1. How is the ocean floor?
Answer:
The floor of the ocean is just like the surface of the earth.

2. Is the bottom of the sea a flat surface?
Answer:
No, the bottom of the sea is not a flat surface.

3. What does the bottom of the sea consist?
Answer:
The bottom of the sea consists of hills, mountains, plateaus, plains, and trenches, etc.

4. Are the trenches on the ocean floor so deep?
Answer:
Yes, many trenches on the ocean floor are so deep.

5. Where is the depth of a major part of ocean floor below the sea level?
Answer:
About 3-6 kms.

Appreciation and Sensitivity

Question.
What are the problems of fishermen?
Answer:

1. The fishermen go far into the seas and it is difficult to swim over to shore in times of trouble.
2. There will not be any first aid kit in the boats.
3. Sometimes life jackets will not be there in the boats.
4. Their Life will be in risk if they are caught in cyclone.
5. Hence fishing is risky and brave occupation.

Work Book

Question 1.
An extension of saline water on earth is ( )
A) ocean
B) sea
C) canal
D) lake
Answer:
A) ocean

Question 2.
71% of the earth’s surface is occupied by ( )
A) seas and oceans
B) land
C) forests
D) mountains
Answer:
A) seas and oceans

Question 3.
The bottom of the sea consists of ( )
A) mountains
B) plateaus
C) trenches
D) all the above
Answer:
D) all the above

Question 4.
The warm ocean currents flow from ( )
A) The poles towards the equatorial region.
B) The equatorial region towards the poles.
C) Mediterranean region to Arctic region.
D) Bay of Bengal to Arabian sea.
Answer:
B) The equatorial region towards the poles.

Question 5.
The main source of rainfall on earth is ( )
A) oceans
B) ponds
C) lakes
D) rivers
Answer:
A) oceans

Question 6.
Ocean water is always ( )
A) saline
B) potable
C) saline and potable
D) none
Answer:
A) saline

Question 7.
The fishermen return from the sea between ( )
A) 5 p.m. and 6 p.m.
B) 1 p.m. and 8 p.m.
C) 1 p.m. and 5 p.m.
D) 5 p.m. and 8 p.m.
Answer:
B) 1 p.m. and 8 p.m.

Question 8.
Which of the following is a country-made boat? ( )
A) berakatte
B) mara padava
C) karrateppa
D) none
Answer:
C) karrateppa

Question 9.
Earlier nets were made up of ……………… . ( )
A) plastic
B) nylon
C) cotton thread
D) none
Answer:
B) nylon

Question 10.
The principal crop of Bhavanapadu village is ( )
A) wheat
B) turmeric
C) sugar-cane
D) rice
Answer:
D) rice

Question 11.
Which of the following is a mechanized boat? ( )
A) berakatte
B) mara padava
C) karrateppa
D) none
Answer:
B) mara padava

Question 12.
“The boat owners borrowed the money from private lenders.” The reason is ( )
A) there is no bank in Bhavanapadu.
B) they had no fixed assets to get bank loan.
C) they spent more money than they had.
D) none
Answer:
D) none

Question 13.
“The fish catchers get less money than the middle man” The reason is ( )
A) they don’t have any fish storage facilities.
B) they do not own boats.
C) they do not have persons to market the fish.
D) all the above.
Answer:
D) all the above.

Question 14.
Oceans are huge bodies of water separated by ………………… . ( )
A) mountains
B) planets
C) continents
D) stars
Answer:
C) continents

Question 15.
…………………….. are the storehouses of fish and other sea foods. ( )
A) Rivers
B) Seas
C) Oceans
D) All of these
Answer:
D) All of these

Question 16.
……………………. is a country-made boat which goes upto 5 km into the sea. ( )
A) Karratheppa
B) Botutheppa
C) Chekkatheppa
D) Berakattelu
Answer:
A) Karratheppa

Question 17.
Recently a net used by the fishermen is known as …………………… .
A) Ball net
B) Ring net
C) Plastic net
D) Cotton net
Answer:
D) Cotton net

Question 18.
The deepest places in the oceans are
A) Continental shelf
B) Continental slope
C) Trenches
D) Deep sea plains
Answer:
C) Trenches

Question 19.

Identify the ocean marked with? ( )
A) Pacific
B) Atlantic
C) Indian
D) Arctic
Answer:
C) Indian

Question 20.
The deepest ocean is ( )
A) The Atlantic
B) The Indian
C) The Arctic
D) The Pacific
Answer:
D) The Pacific