TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times

These TS 10th Class Social Chapter Wise Important Questions 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 20th Lesson Social Movements in Our Times

1 Mark Questions

Question 1.
Identify one state for each movement in the given India’s political map relating to the following social movements.
Answer:
A) Narmada Bachao Andolan
B) Chipko Movement

Question 2.
Why did the black Americans begin the Civil Rights Movements In 1960s?
Answer:
The blank Americans began the Civil Rights Movements in 1960s

• Segregation of the Blacks and Whites (in schools, buses, and public places)
• Discrimination in appointments, housing, and in voting rights.

Question 3.
Name the two movements related to Narmada Bachao Movement.
Answer:
The two movements related to Narmada Bachao Movement are

• Movement of indigenous people.
• Movement against neo-liberal policies.

Question 4.
Observe the following map and answer Questions.

a) What is the election of river Mermadas flow?
Answer:
The direction of river Narmada flow is East to West.

b) What were the reasons for movements against constructing dams on Narmada river?
Answer:
The reasons for movements against constructing dams on river Narmada are eviction of people, loss of fertile lands, and submergence of trees, fields, and areas where animals and people live.

Question 5.
Which quality of Martin Luther King Jr. do you like most? Give reasons.
Answer:
Qualities of Martin Luther King Junior:

1. Leadership.
2. Simplicity.
3. Non-violent.
4. Honesty

Question 6.
What did the American Civil Rights Movements fight for?
Answer:
The American Civil Rights Movements fought for equal treatment of Afro-Americans against permitting segregation.

Question 7.
When was Washington March conducted?
Answer:
Washington March was conducted on 28th August 1963.

Question 8.
Where was Narmada Bachao Andolan Movement taken place?
Answer:
In Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 9.
Who led Narmada Bachao Andolan?
Answer:
Medha Patkar led Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Question 10.
Where was the Chernobyl nuclear plant?
Answer:
The Chernobyl nuclear plant was in the USSR.

Question 11.
In which year was arrack officially banned?
Answer:
In 1993.

Question 12.
Name two anti-Communist countries.
Answer:
The USA and the UK.

Question 13.
Which decades saw a new kind of movement – the movement against war and nuclear arms?
Answer:
The 1970s and 1980s.

Question 14.
Which dominated the world during the first half of the 20th century?
Answer:
The world during the first half of the 20th century was dominated by the great wars, revolutions, the emergence of German Fascism, Soviet Socialism, Western liberalism, national liberation movements, etc.

Question 15.
When was START signed?
Answer:
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) was signed in 1991.

Question 16.
When was the total arrack prohibition imposed in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
In 1995.

Question 17.
When did Bhopal Gas disaster occur?
Answer:
In 1984.

Question 18.
When was Manlpur made a part of India?
Answer:
The kingdom of Manipur signed a merger agreement with India In 1949 and Manipur was made a part of India.

Question 19.
When did the Greenpeace Movement start In Europe?
Answer:
The Greenpeace movement initially started as a protest in 1971 against the American underwater nuclear tests near Alaska.

2 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Create two slogans on ‘Environmental Protection’.
Answer:

1. No chemicals – Go organic.
2. Conserve water – Conserve life.
3. Grow trees – Save earth.

Question 2.
Write the main reasons for Assom movement.
Answer:

1. Demand for autonomy.
2. Domination of Bengali.
3. Migration from Bangladesh.
4. Fear of losing their cultural roots.
5. Trade and other establishments were in the hands of outs+ders.
6. No preference in employment for locals.

Question 3.
Prepare a pamphlet on the Importance of Environment.
Answer:
Pamphlet on importance of Environment

1. The surroundings in which lMn and non-living things are present is known as: environment.
2. For Improving things environment provides basic needs for staying alive.
3. Food, shelter and cloth we get from the environment.
4. Tourism people go to jungle to observe animals and for- their different characteristics.
5. The forest, ocean and sky environment provide shelter to various animals.
6. It also provides home for us.

Question 4.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion.
A large section of people who actively participated in the civil rights movement were black women, who felt that their voice was not being heard even within the movement which was dominated by men. In fact, no woman was allowed to speak n the famous Washington March. They felt that women needed to assert themselves for the equality of men.
Answer:
This paragraph is about the inequalities in the society. Women’s discrimination is discussed. Their voice was not being heard, It means they were not allowed to say what they demand. Many of the black women participated in the Civil Rights movement but not even a single woman was allowed to speak in the March. The women came to know that they should fight for their rights.

There was a strong discrimination between the Whites and the Blacks. Especially the black women had no rights. The Americans purchased the black people from Nigeria and other African countries as If they purchase different commodities. They were treated as slaves. In 1960s there was a segregation of blacks and whites in schools, buses and public places. The blacks were discriminated against in appointments, housing and even in voting rights. So there was a movement against this discrimination.

White Aryan supremacy was the reason for this segregation. The Americans, the English, and French, and the Germans feel that they are Nordic races and their race is the supreme one. Dr. Martin Luther King delivered a speech that he had a dream that his children would one day live in a nation where they would not be judged by the colour of skin.

Discrimination is there In different forms. At the time of Second World War, In Germany, millions of Jews were killed. Caste-based discrimination was there in India. Nowadays this discrimination is reduced.

Special status is being given to some people based on their birth or position. In these days, everyone is coming out for study arid employment. As this was not there, the movements began. Nowadays the women occupied many high positions. Banks, and political parties are also being run by the women. About five states In India are being ruled by the women. Many lAS, IPS officers are there from women.

In conclusion, the women should be given priority, even in family matters, The head of the family may be the women. She could play a crucial role in taking decisions. Equal rights should be given to women. They should be encouraged for higher education. There voices is should given respect. In political scenario, the wives of leaders occupied some positions but their husbands are ruling. This shouldn’t happen. Let the elected rule of
themselves. I hope to see the world without any sort of discrimination.

Question 5.
What would you do, If you were to solve the problem of liquor prohibition?
Answer:

1. Bringing awareness among the people
2. Proper implementation of the Laws.
3. Formation of village committees.
4. Making involvement of women.

Question 6.
During the last few decades, why Is the pollution Increasing day by day?
Answer:

1. Nowadays Industries are increasing. They release more chemicals and pollution is increasing.
2. Nowadays every person has a power-driven vehicle, Due to that pollution is increasing.
3. Farmers are using more pesticides and fertilizers. Due to that pollution increases. Due to deforestation, CO₂ reaches more in the atmosphere then pollution increases very highly.

Question 7.
What were the four main demands of Bhopal gas victims?
Answer:

1. Proper medical treatment of the victims.
2. Adequate compensation for them based on International standards.
3. Fixing criminal responsibility for- the disaster on the management of the multinational company.
4. Steps to prevent disasters In the future.

Question 8.
What are the losses incurred due to Bhopal gas disaster?
Answer:
The losses incurred due to Bhopal gas disaster:

• Thousands of people lost their laves.
• Many people became homeless.
• Still, people are suffering from its III effects.
• it caused damage to the environment.

Question 9.
Prepare a pamphlet creating awareness among the people on ‘Complete Liquor Prohibition’.

Pamphlet
Ban of liquor – better life to people

Introduction: This pamphlet is about the people’s consent of banning of liquor.

“Alcohol can have
Toxic effects
on your body
The more you drink,
and the more
often you drink.
the more likely you are to experience
alcohol-related diseases.”

Information: liquor brings unhappiness in the lives of the poor people. They are spending much money on liquor consumption. They lost their health and relations with the family. They are putting their family mirrors in trouble.

Appeal: So, people of aU sections should understand the need to ban liquor. Which is in all aspects harmful to the society.

Suggestions: It as not possible to ban suddenly. So ban the liquor is possible in phase-wise.

Issued by
Women Association
Adilabad.

Question 10.
What is the result of the anti-nuclear movement?
Answer:

1. Thousands of scientists and Intellectuals from across the world campaigned for abolishing all nuclear weapons and insisted that USA and USSR come to an agreement to end the Arms Race.
2. Massive protests took place against the government’s weaponization policies and demanded them to reduce nuclear arm; end work towards peace on a long term.
3. USA end USSR began the rece to Cut down their nuclear arsenal.
4. Strategic Arms Limitation talks were unsuccessful.
5. A Treaty was signed in 1991 called Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
6. In late 2001, according to this treaty, 80% of the all strategic weapons then In existence were removed.

Question 11.
‘The second hail of the 20th century was an era of growth, prosperity, and growing tensions – Comment.
Answer:

1. With the end of the Second World War and the Independence of colonies and semi-colonies like India and China. Indonesia, Nigeria, and Egypt by mid 1950e a new era began in the world.
2. This was an era of economic grow1t end prosperity for most of the countries, but also of growing tensions in many countries.
3. Sections of societies which had long been denied equal rights came out assertrig their rights.

Question 12.
Write the names of any two important treaties among the nations to prevent nuclear
weapons.
Answer:
The USA and the USSR, the main competitors in the arms race began talks to cut down their nuclear arsenal.

1. SALT- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
2. START – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.

Question 13.
Do you agree with the view that equal participation of men and women and equal opportunity for them is necessary for freedom and development of the country?
Answer:

1. Yes, I agree with this view.
2. Because the women contributes nearly half of the participants in all aspects.

Question 14.
What were the reasons for the American civil rights movement?
Answer:

1. One of the most important civil rights movements was the American Civil Rights Movement.
2. It fought for equal treatment of Afro-Americans of Black Americans and against rules that permitted segregation of blacks and whites in schools, buses, and public places and discriminated against them in appointments, housing, and even voting rights.

4Marks Questions

Question 1.
Observe the following table and write a paragraph analysing It.

Rank in Total Emission In 2011	Country	2011 Total Carbon dioxide  emissions from the consumption Energy  (million metric tons)	Per capita Carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of Energy (Metric tons)
1.	China	8715.31	6.52
2.	USA	5490.63	17.62
3.	Russia	1788.14	12.55
4.	India	1725.76	1.45
11.	UK	496.80	7.92
15.	Indonesia	726.79	1.73

Answer:

1. The above table shows that how many million tonnes of carbon dioxide Is emitted in 2011 by some of the countries like China, USA, and Russia. lack. UK & Indonesia while they are using energy resources
2. According to this, they are gïven ranks also to the countries on the base of emission of carbon dioxide.
3. In the above table, overall China emitted more million tonnes, but m percapita USA emitted more metric tonnes. In this one China, USA. Russia occupies first three places In the emission of carbon dioxide which are highly industrialized countries. These are the main responsible for global warming n the world and creating natural hazards and disasters In the world. Due to that climatic changes are taking place try rapidly and causes to destroy the life at present and future also.
4. It continues the whole world will suffer very highly, that is why every country takes the responsibility and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide more and follow the safe and scientific measure and protect the atmosphere, environment and human beings also.

Question 2.
Write about the advantages and problems the people faced, due to the construction of Dams.
Answer:
Advantages: They help not only in irrigation but also in electricity generation, water
supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and
fish breeding.

Disadvantages: Due to the Dam construction people lose their fertile land. Tribal people lose the forest land and their livelihood. People are displaced from their native place to other places. It maintains more expenditure also. It also induces earthquakes, causes waterborne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.

Question 3.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion.
The economic and political changes happening worldwide since I 990s, which go by the name of ‘globalisation or ‘neo-Uberallsm have deeply Impacted the lives of the ‘underprivileged and poor. Tribal people, poor farmers, landless workers, women, urban poor working In the unorganized sector, and industrial workers have been the worst hit. By and large these are also the people without access to formal education or adequate
nutrition and health.
Answer:
This paragraph is about the consequences of globalization. It mainly influences the poor people and tribal people and it affects workers working in unorganised sector. The people who are illiterate and under-nutritious are mostly affected.

Due to technological advancement, various machineries came out. The developed technology is influencing all the sectors. In agriculture combined harvesters, threshers are used. Tractors and transplantation machines are used and so labourers lost their livelihoods.

Due to railways and dams, the tribal people are affected. When railways are taken up for extension many of the trees are cut for keeping under the rails. Hence the forest dwellers face problems of displacement. When government plans for constructing dams to increase irrigation facilities it is compulsory to construct near forests.

These lead to the displacement of tribal people. Many of these people are illiterates. Many tribal people lost their livelihoods such as collecting honey, nuts and seeds. Industrial belts also increased near the outskirts of cities and towns. This leads to pollution. Many rural illiterates are affected by this. Computers, IT, telecommunication, transportation increased and so the poor and the tribals are impacted.

My suggestion to the government is that it should take care of the people about their displacement. Proper compensation is to be given on time. Officers also should implement the existing laws.

Question 4.
What are the ways In which the Black Americans protested with the government?
Answer:

1. The Black Americans suffered a lot as hie government permitted segregation in schools and buses.
2. There was discrimination against them in ointments, housing, and even in voting rights.
3. They took up the Civil Rights Movement.
4. It is of non-violent nature.
5. They gave massive demonstrations, marches, civil disobedience and boycott of discrimInatory seances,
6. They boycotted the buses for one year long.
7. More than two lakh people conducted the Washington March,
8. These are the ways in which they protested.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions after studying the table.

Movement	Place	Leaders
1) Civil Rights Movement	America	Dr. Martin Luther King
2) Narmada Bacheo Andolan	Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh	1) Medha Patkar 2) Bava Mahaliya
3) Anti- arrack Movement	Combined Andhra Pradesh	Rossama
4) Anti-AFSPA	Manipur	Irom Sharmila

a) Which stats witnessed anti – arrack movement?
Answer:
Combined Aridhra Pradesh Is the state which witnessed antI – arrack movement.

b) Which movement was led by M.dha Patkar?
Answer:
Narmada Bacheo Andolan was led by Medha Patkar.

c) Who led CMI Rights Movement In America?
Answer:
Dr. Martin Luther King led Civil Rights Movement In America.

d) Name the movement that took pIad In Manipur.
Answer:
Anti-AFSPA is the movement that took place in Manipur.

e) Where was Narrnade Bacheo Andolan Movement taken place?
Answer:
Narmada Bachao Andolan was taken place in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 6.
Answer the following questions after studying the table.

	Vietnam	The USA
Civilian deaths	8 to 30 lakhs	Nil
Military deaths	8 to 30 lakhs	58,000
Physically handicapped	NA	More than 5,800
War technique	Guerrilla warfare	Army, Air Force
Arsenal (Invented)	–	Chemical weapons and Napalm bombs

a) What Is the war technique of Vietnam?
Answer:
The war technique of Vietnam is Guerrilla warfare.

b) What are the inventions of the USA Arsenal?
Answer:
Chemical weapons and Napalm bombs are the inventions 0f the USA Arsenal.

c) Why were there no civilian deaths In war for the USA?
Answer:
The war was fought in Vietnam. So, no civilian deaths occurred in the USA.

d) How many military deaths were there for the USA?
Answer:
There were 58000 military deaths for the USA

e) How many civilian deaths were there for Vietnam?
Answer:
There were 8 to 30 Iakh civilian deaths for Vietnam.

Question 7.
What is the effect of globalisation on people?
Answer:

1. Tribal and marginal farmers are being threatened by commercial farmers, mining corporations, dam projects, etc.
2. As large companies find rare resources in remote rural areas there has been a rapid Increase in the ousting of the farming and tribal population.
3. This led to the destruction of tribal cultures.
4. So they became most vulnerable section of the society.
5. These gave rise to environmental movements.
6. Poor families, landless workers, women, industrial workers, and workers in unorganized sectors have been worst hit.

Question 8.
What were the demands of the people of Bhopal regarding the great tragedy?
Answer:

1. The worst industrial disaster in the world happened in Bhopal in 1984.
2. Thousands of people lost their lives and many more are shll suffering from its ill effects till date.
3. Right from the beginning the people of Bhopal have been fighting for four main demands.
4. Proper medical treatment of the victims is the first.
5. As the company was a multinational company, the compensation for them on International standards.
6. Third one is fixing ain aei’s responsáty for the disaster on the management of the company.
7. The fourth demand Is to find steps to prevent such disasters in the future.
8. While they have succeeded to some measure, they are still a long way to achieve all these demands.

Question 9.
‘Denial of equal rights was the root cause of many a social movement’ – Elucidate.
Answer:

1. Many social movements have fought for equal rights for the deprived classes.
2. Afro-Americans or Black Americans suffered from segregation in schools, buses, and public places.
3. They were also discriminated in appointments, housing, and even voting rights.
4. This led to American Civil Rights Movement.
5. Many Eastern European countries dkl not allow three multi-party elections, free uncensored press or media Or even freedom of expression or movement for ordinary people.
6. As people grew tired of such controls many movements to human rights of freedom of expression, movement, and free press took place.
7. Many movements for equal treatment of women, equal rights, wages and opportunities. personal safety and justice are also organised.
8. Thus we can say denial of equal rights was the root cause of many a social movement.

Question 10.
Weigh the pros and cons of Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) (1958).
Answer:

1. The kingdom of Manipur signed a merger agreement with Ina in 1949.
2. Many tribes of the region did not agree to be a part of India.
3. So government deployed army and made AFSPA.
4. It gives security forces the right to arrest or shoot people under suspicion of anti-nationalism.
5. It was misused. The killing of innocent individuals, women have been exploited were common sights.
6. Mothers worried about their sans or husband being picked up and tortured.
7. Daughters and mothers themselves being sexually abused.
8. Widespread agitations are there lot the repeal of AFSPA,

Question 11.
Narmada Bachao Andolan – organised peoples mOvement In the Narmada Valley against dam – Estimate Its Impact.
Answer:

1. Government proposed to build a series of maps and minor dams across the Narmada river.
2. The leaders of the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement decided to oppose the very construction of the dams.
3. Initially, World Bank was ready to fund this project.
4. After Intense protests, World Bank decided to withdraw its funding.
5. The government has built Sardar Sarovar Dam
6. It forced everyone to think about the nature of development – in the interest of the poor or of the rich.
7. It forced governments to consider giving adequate and respectable compensation.
8. It combined many strands of movements like indigenous people, against neo-liberal policies, the struggle of farmers who tost land to darns, urbanization, and Industries. mines and forests.

Question 12.
Anti-nuclear and anti-war movements gained momentum during the days of Intensive cold war – Comment.
Answer:

1. The 1 970s and 1980s saw a new kind of movement-the movement against war and nuclear arms.
2. Superpowers like the USA, the USSR, Britain, France began building arsenals of nuclear weapons justifying it as a means of deterring the other powers from using them.
3. The entire world was constantly in fear of the outbreak of another world war.
4. It was feared that if a war broke out and nuclear weapons were used entire mankind would be wiped out.
5. Scientists and intellectuals across the world campaigned for abolishing nuclear weapons.
6. Massive protests swept across America against the Vietnam war.
7. Thus the US ended war with Vietnam and this inspired peace movements across the world.

Question 13.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion.
“A large section of people who actively participated In the civil rights movement were black women, who felt that their voice was not being heard even within the movement which was dominated by men. In fact, no woman was allowed to speak in the famous Washington March. They felt that women needed to assert themselves for the equality of women”.
Answer:
This paragraph is about the inequalities In the society. Women discrimination is discussed. Their voice was not being heard. It means they were not allowed to say what they demand. Many of the black women participated in the Civil Rights movement but not even a single woman was allowed to speak is the March. The women came to know that they should fight for their rights.

There was a strong discrimination between the Whites and the Blacks. Especially the black women had no rights. The Americans purchased the black people from Nigeria and other African countries as if they purchase different commodities. They were treated as slaves. In 1960s there was a segregation of blacks and whites in schools, buses and public places. The blacks were discriminated against appointments, housing and even In voting rights. So there was a movement against this discrimination.

White Aryan supremacy was the reason for this segregation. The Americans, the English, and French, and the Germans feel that they are Nordic race and their race is the supreme one. Dr. Martin Luther King delivered a speech that he had a dream that his children would one day live in a nation where they would not be judged by the colour of skin.

Discrimination is there in different forms. At the time of Second World War, in Germany, millions of Jews were killed. Caste based discrimination was there in India. Nowadays this discrimination is reduced.

Special status is being given to some people based on their birth or position. In these days, everyone Is coming out for study and employment. As this was not there, the movements began. Nowadays the women occupied many high positions. Banks. political parties are also being run by the women. About five states in India are being ruled by the women. Many lAS, IPS officers are there from women.

In conclusion, the women should be given priority, even in family matters. The head of the family may be the women. She could play a crucial role in taking decisions. Equal rights are to be given to women. They should be encouraged for higher education. There voice is to be given respect. In political scenario, the wives of leaders occupied some positions but their husbands are ruling. This shouldn’t happen. Lei the elected rule of
themselves, I hope to see the world without any sort of discrimination.

Question 14.
Read the following paragraph and write your interpretation.
Greenpeace has taken up the impact of climate change across many countries. It aims at “ensuring the ability of the Earth lo nurture life in all its diversity. Over the years, the movement has developed the idea of ‘sustainable development’, that is development which is environmentally susffiW’able over a long time and also just for all people, both of developed world and the undeveloped world”.
Answer:
The brief summary of the given paragraph is that, everyone should concentrate on sustainable development. The change of climate in one region affects the other regions also. If we do not give preference to environmental protection both developed and developing countries will be affected. We are living on the earth. We should protect it for the sake of our future generations otherwise all the countries will be affected.

There are so many reasons for the climate change. Industrialization, advance technology
development, usage of plastic, over pumping of ground water, deforestation are some of
them. Most of the developed countries contribute more in climate change and destruction.
America began nuclear tests under water near Alaska.

Though the Ozone layer is being depleted. no country takes preventive measures. Pollution and carbon emissions are increasing day by day. Due to over temperature, global warming the icy oceans are being molten arid so the water level increased. Then coastal plains submerge. Unseasonal rainfall, crop failure are the common problems.

Now mere is a lot of awareness about sustainable development all over the world. An international effort to for an agreement on reducing their emission of greenhouse gases but practically ¡t is not achieved. An intergovernmental Panel on climate change was formed to address this issue of climate change. Many conferences were held but nothing was solved. Deforestation, exploitation of nature including mining and quarrying are going on.

Over usage of pesticides, over-pumping of groundwater are still in progress. In these situations, it is not possible to think about sustainable development. In conclusion, this can be achieved by changing the behavior of the people. Government should bring awareness among people. In Telangana, the tanks are being renovated.

‘Sujalam – Supalam’ schemes is there of NonGovernmental Organizations. Water harvesting pits, afforestation are to be taken up seriously, Around the habitation including villages many of the plants are to be grown. Industrial wastages and effluents are to be controlled. Everyone should think about the future generations. One shouldn’t blame other for this cause, everyone should be responsible and so it can be achieved.

Question 15.
Read the following paragraph and Interpret It.
‘People who stood to be displaced from the project demanded a fair compensation not just to those who owned land but all those who lived there. They also demanded proper rehabilitation with land in return for the land lost and also afforestation to compensate of the loss of forests under the dam.’
Answer:
According to the given paragraph. whenever there is a construction of dam or project the people have to face the problem of displacement. A fair compensation Is not being given to them. Though it is given, it is only to the people who lose their lands, but the people who do not have lands are not being given anything. The demand is Land instead land for Land loser’s arid afforestation in the place of forest cover loss. Proper rehabilitation would be provided.

The Central Government came up with a plan to establish nuclear power plant in Kudamkulam, Tamil Nadu. There was a severe protest from the people about security, safety, and their livelihood. Scientists, environmentalists, social activists who have been critical of the project have stood by the people and supported their protest. Another dimension is there. We too understand that direction.

If the project is stopped, the government doesn’t full d the needs of power supply. Power generation is also helpful to the people. The same we can seo with the Narrnada Bacheo Movement. A protect was proposed cross the Narniada river.

The project has devastated human lives and blodiversity by inundating thousands of acres of forests arid agricultural land. li these forests and agricultural lands were inundated in protects, there would be decrease in forest cover and cultivable land, It affects ttie rainfall and crop yields.

It is not so easy to vacate one place and send it some other place. That to this displacement is permanent. Two things we have to keep in mind. One, development is necessary and compulsory. Construction of dams and projects are a part of development By keeping the displacement problems in mind, we can’t stop the construction of dams and protects. Second, displacement problems. If displacement problems are solved in a
right way, there will be no protest at all.

In conclusion, the government Is giving compensation but it is very less. Government should take the option of the victims and solve accordingly. Many a time the tribal community is affected. Their lives are totally linked with forest, Government and people should think about sustainable development, Adequate and respectable compensation is to be given. Forest areas are to be avoided and substations should be searched. Without destroying forests and disturbing the nature, one should go for development but not by destroying It.

Question 16.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments.
‘The women led marches against liquor shops and picketed and tried to close down the shops. They tried to stop the sale of alcohol by preventing the stocking of the shops or deterring the customers from purchasing liquor. Liquor shopkeepers who refused to close their shops had to face picketing, Throwing Out liquor packets stored In the shops or setting the alcohol on fire.
Answer:
By reading the given paragraph, I understood that women take up marches and stopped liquor business. They opposed stocking liquor and selling. They by to prevent customers from purchasing. The shopkeepers refused to close their shops. They get loss when the protesters set the alcohol on fire.

The women have reasons for these marches and protests. Their families are disturbed because their husbands consume liquor and beat them brutally. This happens more In laborers’ families. They are daily wage labourers. They get three to four hundred a day sometimes less than that. They spend more then fifty percent of liquor. There are no minimum commodities at homo but liquor is available. Bolt shops are available. Silting
rooms are there. In some areas, many of the workers consume liquor and lay down by the
side of the road.

Government also thinks this is the income source for meeting its expenditure. A maximum of the income or revenue is from liquor only but many of the families are disturbed, Their health is disturbed. Nerves become weak. Liver damage is the corrosion problem. Cheap liquor and local made Gudumba, arrack are also collapsing the families. Some of the officers are encouraging bribes and allowing the illegal liquor business.

As these women experienced a lot, they came onto the roads. First It was started in Nellore district and women played crucial role. When the men have no money to purchase what commodities they need, they purchase liquors. Their wages are going to the liquor shop owners. Some support that as they work very hard, they need to drink to get some relief. But according to my understanding, it is wrong. By consuming liquor their health may be spoiled.

In conclusion. I would appreciate the initiation of the women in Nellore district. Nowadays it is necessary to save their families, Government should bring in welfare state by prohibiting the liquor business. It is There in Directive Principles of State Policy. Government should go for other sources for revenue increase or generation. Rural families are the backbone to Indian economy.

According the Mahatma Gandhi. Village Panchayats strengthening and self-sufficiency of villages are achieved only by prohibiting liquor. Men and women of a family, ward, village should think, discuss and take a discussion not to run liquor business. If They stopped drinking, there would be no scope for liquor consuming.

Question 17.
Write an essay on Appreciating the prominence of the basic features of Social Movements”.
Answer:

1. Social movements have been a powerful means for ordinary people to participate directly In creating positive social change.
2. They are deeply grounded ¡ri our founding values of security, culture. justice, democracy, civil rights. etc.
3. Social movements have raised diverse demands cutting across strict boundary of environment establishing equality.
4. Most of the social movements are non-violent and often distance from Individual political parties and are more united under a single cause. all these conditions we can appreciate the basic features of the Social Movements.

Question 18.
Explain the Meira Paibi Movement.
Answer:

1. Moira Paibi (in Meitei language) literally can be translated as ‘torch bearers’.
2. Moira Paibi originated as a movement to prevent public disorder due lo alcohol abuse in the late 1970s,
3. But It soon became a movement for human rights with the massive deployment of Indian armed forces to counter the armed movement in the early 1980s.
4. This resulted in frequent military operations and human rights violations. The Moira Paibi responded instantly with protest demonstrations.
5. The Meira Paibi took to patrolling the streets at night.
6. Women of every leikai or ward of every town and village participated in the daily patrolling.
7. Bearing no weapons but only the Bamboo and rag kerosene torches.
8. These are not activists or politically inclined women. Moira Palbi group has also been demanding that AFSPA be revoked.

Question 19.
Locate the following points on the outline map of world.
1) The USA
2) The USSR
3) Vietnam
4) Madhya Pradesh
5) Manipur
6) Gujarat
7) Hungary
8) Poland.
Answer:

Question 20.
Locate the following In the given map of World.
1) Estonia
2) Atlantic Ocean
3) Finland
4) Hungary
5) Europe
6) Norway
7) Sweden
8) Greenland
9) River Niger
10) Turkey
Answer: