TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 15th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution

These TS 10th Class Social Chapter Wise Important Questions 15th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 15th Lesson The Making of Independent India’s Constitution

1 Mark Questions

Question 1.
Write the features of the Federal system.
Answer:

1. Dual policy,
2. Separation of powers

Question 2.
Write any two similarities between the Indian and the Japanese Constitutional preambles.
Answer:

1. Sovereign Power
2. Democracy
3. Liberty
4. Justice
5. Faith

Question 3.
What are the two essential characteristics of Unitary Constitution?
Answer:
The two essential characteristics of Unitary Constitution are

1. A single Judiciary
2. Unifomiity’s civil and criminal laws.
3. All India Civil Services.

Question 4.
Look at the Graph below and answer the Questions
Graph -99 Constitutional Amendments made between 1950 and 2013.

a) In which period, more Constitutional amendments were made?
Answer:
More constitutional amendments were made during 1971-80 and 1981-90.
b) Why were there less Constitutional amendments durIng 1951-60?
Answer:
The Constitutional amendments during 1951-60 were less because

• Initial period of the Constitution implementation.
• More problems were riot arised.

Question 5.
What are the two objectives set by the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
Objectives set by the Constituent Assembly:

1. To attain independence and freedom.
2. Social revolution that means freedom from all sorts of oppression.

Question 6.
When were the first elections held In Nepal?
Answer:
In 1959, the first elections were held w Nepal under a new constitution issued by Ong Maheridra,

Question 7.
Which led to election in 1991?
Answer:
The continuous peoples struggle for a demographic representative government finally led to elections in 1991.

Question 8.
How was the movement?
Answer:
The movement transformed itself into an armed conflict between the pro and anti-monarchy groups. This struggle culminated in 2007 with the abolition of monarchy.

Question 9.
How le the process of making a Constitution?
Answer:
The process of making a Constitution is a process of debate, discussion, Ironing out differences, and working out a framework acceptable to all conflicting opinions.

Question 10.
When was the Constituent Assembly formed?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly was formed In 1946 following the election to the provincial assemblies.

Question 11.
How are the Constituent Assembly members elected?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by the members of the provincial assemblies.

Question 12.
How many SC members are represented in the Assembly?
Answer:
26 members.

Question 13.
Expand CA.
Answer:
Constituent Assembly.

Question 14.
Write about Drafting Committee.
Answer:
A Drafting Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and its task was to prepare the final draft taking in account all viewpoints.

Question 15.
When was the Constitution adopted?
Answer:
The Constitution was finally adopted by the CA on 26th November 1949 and it came into force on 26th January 1950.

Question 16.
Who presented the draft of the Constitution?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Amedkar presented the draft of the Constitution before the CA in 1948.

Question 17.
Which are recorded as the proceedings of CA?
Answer:
The speeches on the draft Constitution before CA are recorded in the proceedings of CA. of India.

Question 18.
Which is a formidable document? What does it contain?
Answer:
The Draft Constitution is a formidable document. It contains 315 articles and 8 schedules.

Question 19.
What are the two principal forms of the Constitution?
Answer:
The two principal forms of the Constitution are known to history- one es called Unitary and the other Federal.

Question 20.
How were IAS/IPS appointed?
Answer:
They were appointed through UPSC.

Question 21.
Name some codes.
Answer:
The Civil Procedure Code, Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Evidence Act, Transfer of Property Act.

Question 22.
Who criticized in CA debates?
Answer:
Maulana Hasrat Mohani, Damodor Swarup Seth.

Question 23.
Expand IAS, IPS.
Answer:
IAS: Indian Administrative Service.
IPS: Indian Police Service.

Question 24.
What was the cause of untouchability?
Answer:
The caste system was the cause of untouchability.

Question 25.
Define Untouchability.
Answer:
Untouchability is merely a system, the root cause is caste distinction.

Question 26.
From when major changes in Constitution were made?
Answer:
Major changes in the Constitution were made during 1970s.

Question 27.
How many members were there in ‘Drafting Committee of the Constitution?
Answer:
There were 8 members in the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

Question 28.
How much time was taken In the making of the Constitution of India?
Answer:
It took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to make the Constitution of India.

Question 29.
Which type of constitution gives definite powers to both central and state governments?
Answer:
The Federal form of constitution gives definite powers to both central arid slate governments.

Question 30.
Which type of constitution gives definite powers to both center and state?
Answer:
Federal Constitution.

Question 31.
Which preamble reflects the desire for peace?
Answer:
Japan

Question 32.
What provisions made by the constitution to facilitate social change?
Answer:
Abolition of untouchability and Reservations.

2 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Write the four main features of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Main features of the Indian Constitution:

1. Written Constitution
2. Rigid and flexible Constitution
3. Parliamentary type of democracy
4. Single citizenship
5. Unitary and federal features.

Question 2.
What are the two essential characteristics of a Unitary Constitution?
Answer:

1. The Supremacy of the central polity.
2. The absence of subsidiary sovereign polities.

Question 3.
Write the role of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in preparing the draft Constitution of India.
Answer:

1. On 29th August 1947 the Drafting Committee was appointed Dr.B.R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with 6 other members assisted by a Constitutional Advisor.
2. He studied the constitutions of the other nations and incorporated in Indian constitutions which are suitable to Indian people.
3. He stressed on the importance of removal of untouchability and uplifting the depressed classes.
4. He conveyed a meeting with all the communities of the society and drafted a broad constitution.

Question 4.
List out the constitutional provisions that facilitate social change.
Answer:
Constitutional provisions that facilitate social change:

1. Abolition of untouchability.
2. Reservations in education, employment and legislature.
3. Protection to the minority community.
4. Directive principles of state policy.
5. Fundamental rights are enforceable by the country subject to specific restrictions.
6. Liberty, equality and Justice.

Question 5.
How can you say that India has Federal Polity?
Answer:
India has a federal polity because of these two features, dual polity (state and central government) and division of powers.

Question 6.
What are the double purposes of a Constitution?
Answer:
A Constitution has a double purpose:
a) outlining the role and rights of citizens and structure and powers of the government and Its organs like executive, legislature, judiciary, etc;
b) indicating the nature of future society whch has to be built by the joint efforts of the state and the society.

Question 7.
Who prepared the Constitution of India and how?
Answer:
The Constitution of India was prepared and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. This was the culmination of the long struggle of the Indian people for freedom from British colonial rule.

Question 8.
How were the members from the princely states elected?
Answer:
The members from the princely states were not elected at all and were decided through consultation with the concerned princely states. Such a decision was taken keeping in view the special situation that had arisen due to Intense political activity on the eve of freedom and mounting tensions among the people.

Question 9.
What are the two essentiel characteristics of a Unitary Constitution?
Answer:
The two essential characteristics of a Unitary Constitution are:

1. the supremacy 0f the Central Polity [the word polity means system of government or political organization] and
2. the absence of subsidiary Sovereign polities.

Question 10.
How is a Federal Constitution marked?
Answer:
Federal Constitution is marked:

1. by the existence of a Central polity and Subsidiary policies side by side, and
2.  by each being sovereign in the field assigned to it. In other words, Federation means the establishment of a Dual Polity [dual system of government central and state].

Question 11.
How can we call Draft Constitution as Federal constitution?
Answer:
The Draft Constitution is, Federal Constitution In as much as it establishes what may be called a Dual Polity. This Dual Polity under the proposed Constitution will consist of the Union at the Centre and the States at the periphery each endowed with sovereign powers to be exercised in the field assigned to them respectively by the Constitution.

Question 12.
Write about Indian citizenship.
Answer:
“The proposed Indian Constitution is a dual polity with a single citizenship. There is only one citizenship for the whole of India. It is Indian citizenship. There is no State citizenship. Every Indian has the same rights of citizenship, no matter in which State he resides. …“

Question 13.
What are the three means adopted by Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The means adopted by the Draft Constitution are three

1. a single judiciary,
2. uniformity – in fundamental laws, civil and criminal, and
3. a common All-India Civil Service to main important posts.

4 marks Questions

Question 1.
Read the following Bar-graph and give the answers to the following questions.

a) How many constitutional amendments Wale made during 1951-1960?
Answer:
constitutional amendments were made durIng 1951- 60.

b) In which period, maximum constitutional amendments were made?
Answer:
Maximum constitutional amendments were made during 1971-80 and 1981-90.

c) In which decades, equal amendments were made?
Answer:
Equal amendments were made during 1971.80 and 1981-90.

d) How many amendments were made up to 2013?
Answer:
According to the textbook, 99 amendments were made up to 2013. (But in real 118 amendments were made.)

Question 2.
How does the Parliamentary system of Government differ with the Presidential system of Government?
Answer:

The Parliamentary system of government	The Presidential system of government
1. The President Is the head of the state but not of the executive.	1. The President is the Chief Head of the executive.
2. The President Is the Normal Executive.	2. The President is the real executive.
3. The President is generally bound by the advice of the council of ministers.	3. The President is not bound by the advice of the council of ministers.
4. The President has no power to dismiss his ministers so long as they command a majority in parliament.	4. The President can dismiss any minister at any time.
5. The election procedure of the head of state is indirect.	5. The President elected directly by the people.

Question 3.
Our constitution has many provisions facilitating social change. How are they being implemented today?
Answer:

1. Abolition of untouchability.
2. Reservations in education. employment and legislature.
3. Protection of the minority community.
4. Directive principles of state policy.
5. Fundamental rights are enforceable by the country subject to specific restrictions.
6. Liberty, equality, and Justice.

Question 4.
Observe the below Bar graph and analyze. It.
Graph: Between 1950 – 2013 – 99 Amendments.

Answer:
This graph Is about the amendments made since the Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950 till 2013. The total amendments made were 99. Recently the Supreme Court cancelled the 99th amendment. During 1971-60 and 1981.90, the number of the amendment is high. Forty-four amendments were made during these two decades. The graph is given decade-wise.

Our Constitution makers were aware that laws will have to be amended from time to time. Thus It laid down the provisions for amending the laws and the articles the Constitution as well. Some laws can be made with approval of more than half the members In legislative houses. The amendments are made in the Parliament only.

Some articles can be amended with the approval of both the houses of Parliament i.e. Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha. Some need ratification from the states. Finally, the amendments are approved by the President. Then the amendments come into force.

The amendment means to bring some change in existing law of constitution. Generally, an amendment is necessary on Vie basis of public needs. In initial years of our independence, the amendments were only 7. In the next decade, it went up to more than double. The Period, 1971-80 and 1981-90 is crucial in Indian politics. Emergency was declared by Indira Gandhi. Single Party domination was ended and Non-Congress governments came Into power. In 1984 Indira Gandhi was assassinated. From 1991 onwards again the number
decreased.

Constitution can be amended without breaking or spoiling the spirit or its basic principles. In 1970s, two words Secula? and Socialist are added into the Preamble of the Constitution. According to the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Keshavananda Bharati.

some basic principles can not be changed Many a time Constitution is being changed only for the sake of political benefits. It is a criticism on amendments. The true spirit of the Constitution cannot be changed.

Constitutional amendments are necessary for public interest. There should be some benefit to the masses. Ambiguity, and complexity should be avoided. About hundred times the Constitution is changed, it means the original one is getting it shape changed.

Question 5.
Observe the following graph and analyse it.

Answer:
This graph is about the amendments made since the constitution came into force on January 1950 to till 2018. Total amendments made were 101. Forty-Four amendments were made during 1971 -80 and 1981 -90. The graph is given decade-wise. Our Constitution makers ……………………… getting it shape changed. (Refer to the answer of the above questions. 4)

Question 6.
Explain the supremacy of Supreme Court In India.
Answer:
The Indian Federation though a Dual Polity has no Dual Judiciary at all. The High Courts and the Supreme Court form one single integrated Judiciary having jurisdiction and providing remedies in all cases arising under the Constitutional law, the civil law or the criminal law. In India, the Supreme Court can hear appeals against the decision of any court and give judgment.

Question 7.
Write about different lists on whIch laws can be made.
Answer:
The chapters on which law can be made are divided into Central list. State list and Concurrent list Only the Central government can make laws on the Central list and only the State Government can make the laws on the State list. Both the Central and the State governments can make laws on the Concurrent list. However in case where a State makes a law contradictory only the Central law will be valid.

Question 8.
Explain the major changes In the Constitution.
Answer:
Major changes in the Constitution were made during 1 970s, First among them is the inclusion of two words Into the Prearile of the Constitution “Secular and Socialist”.

Many words in the prearrùle like “Equality”, “Liberty”, Justice, etc., emphasised the values of secularism and socialism and hence these words were added. The second major event in the life of Indian Constitution has been a Supreme Court judgement popularly known as Keshavanada Sharati case.

It was argued here that certain provisions In the Indian Constitution cannot be changed under any circumstances- One among them is the Fundamental Right. In the judgment on Keshavanada Bharati case Supreme Court argued that there are certain basic principles upon which the nation continues to exist. While there have been different opinion on what constitutes the basic principles across judges a common listing could include the following: Form of the government; federal character; supremacy of the Constitution; sovereignty of the nation; provisions for justice and welfare state. etc.

Question 9.
Why did Independent India have to make a Constitution?
Answer:

1. Before independence India was under the colonial rule of British.
2. They prepared council acts for India, time to time.
3. They were not beneficent to Indians. but based on colonial attitude and economic exploitation.
4. So, Indians’ alter independence detected those detrimental acts and had to prepare their own Constitution.
5. They constituted a Constituent Assently to make the Constitution.
6. People from all walks of life were made part of making procedure.
7. Whole population of country was allowed to suggest and recommend changes that suit and needed for our country.
8. Thus independent India had to make a Constitution, though we had councils acts for India before.

Question 10.
Discuss the formation and composition of Constituent Assembly which had prepared the Constitution of India.
Answer:

1. The Constitution of India was prepared and adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
2. It was formed in 1946 following the election to the provincial assemblies.
3. The Cabinet Mission appointed in 1946 allotted seats to each province and each princely state.
4. Provinces or areas under direct British rule elected 292 members indirectly.
5. All princely states together elected 93 members who were identified through consultation.
6. Seats were occupied with women, general castes, scheduled castes, Hindus Muslims and Sikhs. etc.
7. Indian National Congress was the single largest party with 69% of all seats.
8. Muslim League had the most of the seats reserved for Muslims.
9. In all it had only nine women members.
10. From 1946 itself they started the work of making the constitution.

Question 11.
Why was universal adult franchise not followed Indirecting members to Constituent Assembly?
Answer:

1. Constituent Assembly was not elected through universal adult Iranchise, but indirectly and as such did not represent all sections of Indian society.
2. The members from princely states were decided through consultation with the concerned princely states.
3. The princely states had not yet agreed to become part of the Indian Union.
4. Many of them Froped to remain independent kingdoms.
5. That is why their representatives were asked to in the Constituent Assembly.

Question 12.
Constitution is a living and changing document’ – Would you agree. with it?
Answer:

1. The Constitution is a living and changing document.
2. Its makers felt that it has to be in accordance with peoples aspirations and changes in society.
3. They did not see it as a sacred, static, and unterrible law.
4. So they made provisions to incorporate changes from time to time.
5. These changes are called amendments and till 2013 nearly 99 amendments were made.

Question 13.
The Constitution of India le the biggest written Constitution In the world. Elucidate.
Answer:

1. The Constitution of India has many unique and outstanding features.
2. One among them is that it is the biggest written Constitution in the world.
3. Each and every detail of our Constitution was written extensively and In detail, making it the biggest written Constitution.
4. At the time of adoption of it in 1949, it had 395 Articles and eight Schedules.
5. With foresight, the makers of it suggested the procedures for amendment.
6. They wished It to be a living and changing document to suit the needs of the people of the country from time to time.
7. So our Constitution was amended many a time.
8. At present we have 444 articles and 12 Schedules.
9. Thus, the Constitution of India is the biggest written Constitution in the world.

Question 14.
Why are we celebrating Republic Day on January 26, though our Constitution was adopted on November 26?
Answer:

1. Our Constitution was adopted on 26e November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly.
2. But our elders fixed the date for it to come into force from 261 January 1950.
3. This is because Indian National Congress in Its Labore session in December 1929 demanded complete independence.
4. It also started celebrating 26 January as Independence Day since 1930.
5. So, to uphold that spirit that date was chosen to be the Republic Day.

Question 15.
Differentiate the parliamentary and the presidential democracies.
Answer:

Parliamentary Democracy	Presidential Democracy
1. President has nominal power.	1. President has the real power.
2. Prime Minister and his ministers are responsible for administration.	2. President and his secretaries are responsible for administration
3. Prime Minister and his ministers are usually from same political party or coalition.	3. President can choose anyone as his secretary in any department.
4. Legislature, executive and judiciary coordinate with each other.	4. Legislature, executive and judiciary have checks and balances.

Question 16.
Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions that follow.
Nepal Interim Constitution Preamble 2007
WE, THE SOVEREIGNTY AND STATE AUTHORITY INHERENT PEOPLE OF NEPAL

Respecting the people’s mandate expressed In favour of democracy, peace and progression through historical struggles and peoples movements launched by the people of Nepal at various times since before 2007 (1951) to till the date; Pledging to accomplish the progressive restructuring of the State in order to solve the problems existing In the country relating lo class, ethnicity, region, and gender:

Expressing our full commitment to democratic values and norms including the competitive multiparty democratic system of governance, Civil beetles. fundamental rights, human rights, adult franchise. periodic elections, complete freedom of the press. independent judiciary and concepts of the rule of law;

Guarantee the basic nghts of the people el Nepal to make a constitution for them on their own and to take part in a free and fair election to the Constituent Asserrioly in an environment without fear;

Putting democracy, peace, prosperity, progressive socio-economic transformation and sovereignty, Integrity, independence and prestige of the country in the center Declaring Nepal as a federal, democratic, republican state upon duly abolishing the monarchy.

HEREBY DECLARE, with a view to institutionalizing the achievements made through the revolutions and movements till now, the promulgation of this Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007), which has been made through a political understanding and to be in force until e new Constitution ¡s framed by the Constituent Assembly.

1. Who are the people?
Answer:
The sovereignly and state authority inherent people of Nepal.

2. To what the problems are related?
Answer:
The problems are related to class, ethnicity, region and gender.

3. To which values is the full comn’iittment expressed?
Answer:

1. Democratic values and norms
2. Multiparty democratic system of governance
3. Civil liberties,
4. Fundamental rights.
5. Human rights.
6. Adoft franchise,
7. Periodic elections,
8. Complete freedom of the press. etc.

4. How Is Nepal declared?
Answer:
Nepal Is dedared as a federal, democratic republican slate upon duly abolishing the monarchy.

Question 17.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
Japan Constitution Preamble 1946
We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet. determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land, and resolved that never again shall we be visited with the horrors of war through the action of government, do proclaim that sovereign power resides with the people and do
firmly establish this Constitution.

Government is a sacred trust of the people, die authority for which is derived from the people, the powers of which are exercised by the representatives of the people, and the benefits of which are enjoyed by the people. This Is a universal principie of mankind upon which this Constitution is founded.

We reiect and revoke all constitutions, laws, ordinances, and prescripte in conflict therewith. We, the Japanese people, desire peace for all time and are deeply conscious of the high ideals controlling human relationship and we have determined to preserve our security and existence, trusting in the justice end faith of the peace-loving peoples of the world.

We desire to OCCUPY an honoured place In an international society striving for the preservation of peace, and the banishment of tyranny and slavery, oppression, and Intolerance for all time from the earth.

We recognise that all people of the world have the right to live in peace, free from fear and want. We believe that no nation is responsible to itself alone, but that laws of political morality are universal; and that obedience to such laws is incumbent upon st nations who would sustain their own sovereignty and justify their sovereign relationship with other nations. We, the Japanese people, Pledge our national honour to accomphsli these high ideals and purposes with all our resources.

1. What did they resolve?
Answer:
They resolved not to visit the horrors of war again.

2. What is government?
Answer:
Government is a sacred trust of the people.

3. What do they deal? (about peace)
Answer:
They desire peace for all time and are deeply conscious of the high ideals controlling human relationships and they have determined to preserve their security and existence, trusting in the justice and faith of the peace-loving people of the world.

4. What do they pledge?
Answer:
They pledge their national honour to accomplish the ideas and purposes with all our resources.

Question 18.
Read the following paragraph and interpret It.
Constitution of Inda was prepared and adopted by the Constituent Assembly The was the cufrnination of the long struggle of the Indian people for freedom from Fidtish colonial rule. As the British government decided to give freedom to the people of India. a new Constitution was needed througl which the people of India could rule ‘themselves and set long term objectives toc themselves
Answer:
The summary I understood by reading the given paragraph is that when Indians were given freedom. It was compulsory to make a Constitution. By making the Constitution, The people of India could nie themselves. The other important point from this given paragraph is that the setting of long term objectives for the Indian people.

Before independence Indian people were under the British rule. They were not independent. All the rules were framed by the Britishers only. The Queen of England ruled our country. After a long struggle India got independence. Then the problem of making a constitution for Indian people arisen. For this purpose, Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946, following the election to the provincial assemblies, The Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by the members of the provincial assemblies.

292 members from provinces and 93 members from princely states became the members of Constituent Assembly. There were nine women members and twenty-six from scheduled castes. There is a criticism that the Constituent Assembly was not elected through Universal Adult Franchise.

Some of the princely states wanted to remain independent kingdoms. The Constituent Assembly members took care to consider all shades of opinions and give wide publicIty to its own work so that all kinds of people could provide their inputs through letters, writings in the newspapers, and other media.

Pandit Nehru made a significant statement that they shouid keep the absentees In mind. they were not there to function for one party or one group but to work for whole nation. A newly got independent country needs many refomis. Indians could rule themselves and they had to set long term objectives. For about two hundred years. India was exploited by the British. Many of tite Indians were illiterates.

Literacy had to be increased. Poverty is to be dealt with great care. India had to be developed ai all the sectors like agriculture, industrial and service sector. so that in First Five Year Plan agriculture, and industries in Second Five Year Plan were taken up ins pnontised manner. Social engineering has been going on. Reservations, scholarships, hostels, educational and employment facilities and various welfare schemes are being implemented by keeping the long term objectives of the nation.

Question 19.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion.
The makers of Indian Constitution confronted the fact that Indian sodely was ridden with inequality. injustice and deprivation and was a victim of colonial policies which had exploited Its economy. Thus, the Constitution had to facilitate social change end development
Answer:
The given paragraph means that the Constitution concentrated on inequality, injustice, and deprivation. India was exploited economy. So that it has become compulsory for the Constitution makers to facilitate social change and development.

In the Constituent Assembly Jawaharlal Nehru said that the nation was one move itself for a new garment In its own making. For many years our economy was exploited. The British took away a the resources which actually would be utilized for the sake of Indians. There is Inequality all over the world in different forms. In some religions a few sects are greater than the other.

In same countries, the Whites and the Blacks are not equal. There s an example that the Americans used to purchase slaves from Nigeria, an Africans Country. In India also, we can observe that some castes are treated as greater or upper than some of the other castes. Some sects or tribes are oppressed and suppressed. It was started in the middle and caste system created various problems. When the British and other European countries came to India and other countries to make them their colonies, they provoked this and utilised for the sake of their stability in rukng.

Some people are treated as untouchables. Nowadays this is not so seriously seen. Everyone is studying and developing, Awareness is there in the society. All the governments are trying to maintain equality. For the development of deprived groups, the governments Implement many schemes. Reservations in education and employment.

Hostel facilities, free education, free books, fee reimbursement, and so on are some of them. Women are also given reservations in local bodies. The new governments try to cover the age-old traditions and bring equality among all citizens. Irrespective of caste, creed, sex, and religion people should study and get employment. Everyone should lead a prosperous life. No one is greater than anyone by virtue of caste or religion. In my opinion caste and religion are to be followed but one caste or religion is great …………… such feelings are to be avoided.

Question 20.
Read the following paragraph and Comment On It.
The Constitution also has in it the “Directive Principles of State Policy” which sets out the main social systems before the government. One Important aspect of the social engineering is the problem of the right of minorities. The sad experience of suppression of Jewish minority In Nazi Germany weighed in the minds of the Constitution makers.

They decided to give special protection to the minority community so that they don’t feel marginalized by the majority. One such right is the right of religious minorities to run their own educational institutions. Such mstltulions may even receive government funds,
Answer:
According to the paragraph given, what I understand is there are a few Directive Principles of State Policy to make the country a welfare state. Social engineering is one of the issues to be discussed. Minorities are to be given importance and their rights are to be protected.

Strengthening the local bodies like Gram Panchayats, prohibition of liquor, cottage industries are some of the Directive Principles of State Policy. The intention of these principles Is to bring welfare in all the communities of the nation. We can’t go to court to claim the principles. Courts can’t treat these directive principles as Fixidamental Rights.

There is a comparison In this paragraph of Jews. Hitler treated the Jews as the enemies of the Germans, That issue is totally different. In Pakistan and Bangladesh also we observe what is happening to the minorities. Minorities in India are enjoying their rights and running educational institutions. By keeping the issue of Jews in mind, we can’t define that the same can happen to minorities in India The constitution makers thought many things in advance and so put various clauses and articles in the Constitution.

In our Constitution, Articles 29,30 are providing special rights to the minorities. There is no suppression in India. In Telangana state, the government decided to start special residential schools, colleges for minorities. At the time of festivals like Ramzan and Christmas, clothes are being given to the poor of minority communities. It is all for the sake of minorities’ protection and development.

In the modern democratic witness, there is no question of marginalized. Everyone is considered equally. After Independence, our governments are doing better for making a welfare state. India is declared as a secular country. At regions are equal, no specific focus for any religion.

Question 21.
Describe the features of Indian Federalism.
Answer:
The features of Indian Federalism:
1. Supremacy of the Constitution: The supremacy 01 the constitution means that both the Union and State governments, shall operate within the limits set by the constitution.

2. Written constitution: The Constitution of India is the largest and most elaborate one, which discussed on several issues.

3. Division of powers: The Indian Constitution clearly described administrative powers into three lists viz. The Union List, The State List, and The Concurrent Lists.

4. Supremacy of the JudIciary: As per the Constitution of India Judiciary Is Independent and supreme. It can declare a contraventions law as unconstitutional.

Question 22.
Locate the following in the given map of World.

1. This country’s constitution was completed In 2015.
Answer:
Nepal

2. This country wish peace in their constitution.
Answer:
Japan

3. This country’s constitution was the lengthiest written constitution in the world.
Answer:
India

4. U.S.A.

5. Taiwan

6. Any two British colonies.

7. Afghanistan

8. Bhutan

9. Nagasaki

10. Switzerland