TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 14th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence: 1939-1947

These TS 10th Class Social Chapter Wise Important Questions 14th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence: 1939-1947 will help the students to improve their time and approach.

TS 10th Class Social Important Questions 14th Lesson National Movement in India–Partition & Independence: 1939-1947

1 Mark Questions

Question 1.
What is the two-nation theory?
Answer:
Partition of India based on religions – Hindus and Muslims is called two-nation theory.

Question 2.
Write any two differences between Russian Revolution (1917) and Indian freedom movement.
Answer:

Russian Revolution	Indian Freedom Movement
1.AgainstTsar Nicholas- II	1. Against the British
2. Demanded Peace and bread.	2. Struggle for freedom.
3. Two phases	3. Three phases.
4. Against liberals and aristocrats	4. Against the foreign rule.

Question 3.
Why were the separate electorates for Muslims implemented since 1909?
Answer:
Separate electorates for Muslims were implemented since 1909 to protect the interests of
Muslims. It was also intended to raise the concerns and problems of Muslims.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Tebhaga movement ? Who led the movement?
Answer:
Tebhaga Movement:
An agitation started by small and poor peasants in Bengal to increase their share harvest to two portions out of three instead of half or even less. Tebhaga Movement was led by the Provincial Kisan Sabha.

Question 5.
What did the Congress expect before the World War – II?
Answer:
The Congress expected that the British would see their double standards in the expectation that india should support them in fighting the fascists but not giving India full freedom.

Question 6.
Who were the Prime Minister In Britain at the time of the war?
Answer:
At the time of the war. Britain had an all-party government headed by Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the Conservative Party.

Question 7.
Who were keen to retain the empire in India?
Answer:
The Conservatives were keen to retain the empire for as long as was possible.

Question 8.
Who was more willing to help Indiana attaIn freedom?
Answer:
The Labour Party was more willing to help Indians attain freedom.

Question 9.
What did the Congress also demand?
Answer:
The Congress also demanded that an Immediate national government should be set up at
the Centre.

Question 10.
Why did the British object Congress demand?
Answer:
The British objected to this by saying that they had to also protect the interests of several other communities in India.

Question 11.
Why had the government had given Itself special wartime powers?
Answer:
The government had given itself special wartime powers to maintain law and order to be able to focus on winning the war.

Question 12.
How war the special wartime powers?
Answer:
Anyone who opposed the government could b. jailed without much delay and kept imprisoned for a long time without going to court. Freedom of speech was also curtailed.

Question 13.
How did the Congress argue?
Answer:
The Congress argued that Hindus and Muslims were not people of two different nations, but pert and parcel of one Indian nation.

Question 14.
Who was sent to India in 1942?
Answer:
Sir Stafford Grippa.

Question 15.
Where were the independent governments proclaimed?
Answer:
In several districts, such as Satara in the west and Medinipur In the east, independent governments were proclaimed.

Question 16.
Who won the World War II?
Answer:
The Allied powers.

Question 17.
What happened on 18th February 1948?
Answer:
On 18th February 1946, the guards or Ratings of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay harbor came out on hunger strike to protest against bad food and behaviour of their British officers.

Question 18.
Who was the head of Naval Central Strike Committee?
Answer:
M.S. Khan.

Question 19.
What happened on 30th January 1948?
Answer:
Less than six months after independence, the Father of the Nation fell to three bullets while going out for his all-religion prayer in the evening of 30 January 1948.

Question 20.
What were the last words of Gandhiji?
Answer:
HeyRam.

Question 21.
How many princely states were there in India?
Answer:
There existed around 550 princely states which enjoyed different levels of sovereignty but were under British paramount power.

Question 22.
What happened in Travancore and Hyderabad?
Answer:
In Travancore and Hyderabad, peasants were revolting with arms against the ruling zamindars.

Question 23.
Name the three princely states which joined the Indian Union in the next two years to 1947.
Answer:
Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh,

Question 24.
What was called privy purse?
Answer:
The government of the princely states was taken Over and the princes were given pension funds called privy purse to meet their personal expenses.

Question 25.
Who was the famous leader of Muslim League?
Answer:
Mohammad AN Jinnah was the famous leader of Muslim League.

Question 26.
Which places were comprised of Pakistan, when the name was coined?
Answer:
The name Pakistan or Pakistan (from Purijab, Afghan, Kashrrwr, Sindh, and BaluciWstan) was coined by Choudhry Rehmat Ali.

Question 27.
What was Gandhlji’s third major movement against British rule?
Answer:
Gandhijis third major movement against British rule was Quit India Movement in 1942.

Question 28.
Did Gandhijl agree with the plans of Bose to form INA? Why?
Answer:
Gandhi did not agree with the plans of Bose and felt that the Japanese cannot be the
liberators of India.

Question 29.
Who wrote Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan llamare?
Answer:
The Urdu poet Moliammad Iqbal was the writer of ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindustan Hamera.

Question 30.
Why did the Indian soldIers join the INA?
Answer:
The Indian soldiers were against to the British government. They were motivated by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and joined the INA to fight against the British.

2 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Which qualities do you like in Mahatma Gandhi? Why?
Answer:
Qualities of Mahatma Gandhi:

• Truthfulness,
• Non-violence,
• Simplicity.

These are the qualities, every human being should possess.

Question 2.
Which qualities of Sardar Patel do you like the most? Why?
Answer:
The qualities that I like the most in Sardar Patel are:

• Patriotism
• Commitment

Question 3.
What was the political picture in India In 1939?
Answer:
When the war started in 1939, most of the provinces of Indian were governed by Congress ministries. The British government had accepted the principle that the right to rule themselves must be given to Indians to an extent.

Question 4.
Write about the Govt of India Act 1935.
Answer:
The Government of India Act was passed in 1935 by the British Parliament. According to this, elections may be held in provinces and governments may be formed by parties that won in the elections.

Question 5.
Why did the British object the Congress’s demand of full freedom?
Answer:
By objecting they implied that Congress did not represent all Indians, like Muslims. They also implied that Congress may be ignoring the interests of many Indians and the British were required to protect these interests.

Question 6.
Why did all Congress ministries resign in October 1939?
Answer:
The Congress was upset at the obstinacy of the British and decided to walk out of the provincial governments. AIl Congress ministers resigned in October 1939 after having come to power in 1937.

Question 7.
Write about the Muslim League.
Answer:
This was a party formed in 1906. Till the 1930. it mainly represented the interests of Muslim landlords of UP and did not have much mass support. It had demanded that the British should create separate seats in all councils for which only Muslims would vote.

Question 8.
What was the agreement of the Muslim League?
Answer:
The Muslim League had argued that since the majority people in many areas were Hindus, more Hindus are likely to get elected to councils to and Muslims will find It difficult to protect their interests in government But, if a certain number of seats were reserved for Muskms for which only the Muslims population of an area would vote, the Muslim members reaching the councils will be able to raise the concerns of Muslims.

Question 9.
Where was the Muslim League popular arid weak?
Answer:
The Muslim League was popular in the United Provinces. Bombay and Madras. However, it was quite weak in the three provinces from which Pakistan was to be carved out just ten years later, viz. Bengal, the NWFP, and the Punjab. Even in Sindu it failed to form a government.

Question 10.
How could the League create the impression that the Congress was basically a Hindu Party and did not want to share power wIth Muslims?
Answer:
The League pointed out many issues and blamed Congress of insensitivity. The Congress refused to form a coalition government with the League In the United Provinces where it too had won many seats.

The Congress had banned its members from taking membership of the League Congress members could be members of the Hindu Mahasabha before But this was also banned from 1938. only after objections were raised by Muslim Congressmen like Maulana Azad, The League could thus create the impression that the Congress was basically a Hindu party and did not want to share power with the Muslims.

Question 11.
Write about the Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS.
(OR)
What was the wish of the Hindu Mahasabha and the RSS?
Answer:
The Hindu Mahasabba and the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak (RSS) Sangh were engaged in active mobilisation. These organizations wished to unite all Hindus, overcome the visions of caste and sect and reform their social life. They also gave out the message that India was the land of the Hindus who were n a majority. Many Congressmen were also impressed with the activities of these organisations.

Question 12.
Who coined the name Pakistan?
Answer:
The name Pakistan of Pakistan was coined by a Punjabi Muslim student at Cambridge, Choudhry Rebmat Ah. In pamphlets written in 1933 and 1935, this young student desired a separate national status for this new entity.

Question 13.
What did the resolution demand? (23 – 3-1940).
Answer:
On 23 March 1940. the League moved a resolution demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas of the subcontinent. This ambiguous resolution never mentioned partition or Pakistan. However, in later years it came to be called the Pakistan resolution.

Question 14.
What were the dreams of different sections from 1940 to 1946?
Answer:
From 1940 to 1946, the League was able to convince Muslim masses of the benefits and need for a separate nation. Peasants could think of state where Hindu zamindars and moneylenders did not exploit them. Traders, businessmen, and job seekers could think of a state where competition from Hindu traders, businessmen, and job seekers would not be there. There would be freedom for the Muslim elite to run the government the way they wanted.

Question 15.
Which was the Quit India campaign?
Answer:
After the failure of the Cripps Mission, Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch his third-month movement against British rule. This was the Ouit India campaign, which began in August 1942.

Question 16.
What impressions did the victories of Japan Create on the people In India?
Answer:
The victories of Japan against the Aniencans and Europeans created a strong impression on the people in India. Firstly, it seemed that the European colonialists would get defeated very soon. Secondly, Japan was an Asian country and could stand up against the European colonialists, Indians felt that they too can stand up and fight against Britain decisively. The myth of the racist superiority of the British was smashed.

Question 17.
How were the Indian people after the World War- II?
Answer:
People were restless with food shortages, rationing of food, high prices, black marketeering and hoarding. Workers were angry about low wages. Railway and postal employees and other government employees were planning to go on India wide strike against pieces.

Question 18.
What did the strike committee demand?
Answer:
The Naval Central Strike committee was elected with M S Khan as its head. The strike committee demanded better food, equal pay for white and Indian sailors, release of INA and other political prisoners, withdrawal of Indian troops from Indonesia.

Question 19.
What the significance of the year 1946?
Answer:
The year 1946 was a year of strikes and work stoppages in factories and mills In many parts of the country. CPI and the Socialist parties were active in these movements. The countryside was also on the boil.

Question 20.
Why did the smell and poor peasants start an agitation in Bengal?
Answer:
An agitation was started in Bengal by small and poor peasants who took land of the bigger landowners to cultivate. They demanded that their share of harvest should be increased to two portions out of three instead of ha or even less, that was given to them at that tine. This was called the Tebhaga movement and was led by the Provincial Kisan Sabha.

Question 21.
Write about the Direct Action Day.
Answer:
The Muslim League decided that its demands cannot be met through discussions and It must ask people to come out on the streets. It decided on” Direct Action” for winning its Pakistan demand and announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action Day”. On this day riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and leaving several thousand people dead. By March 1947, violence spread to many parts of northern India.

Question 22.
Why didn’t Gandhiji celebrate the first Independence Day?
Answer:
Gandhiji moved amongst riot-hit people, in camps and hospitals, spreading the message of peace and brotherhood. This was not the freedom and Swaraj he had worked so hard to achieve. The Father of the Nation tasted and did not celebrate on the first Independence Day.

Question 23.
Why did Congress organise individual satyagrahas through 1940 and 1941?
Answer:
Through 1940 and 1941, the Congress organised a series of individual satyagrahas to pressure the rulers to promise freedom once the war had ended.

Question 24.
Why did the British resort to the Divide and Rule Policy?
Answer:

1. The British were desperate with the Indian people revolting against their rule.
2. They looked for ways to punish Congress and weaken Its hold over the people.
3. The British actively raised doubts about the right of the Congress to represent the people of the country.
4. Then they followed “Divide and Rule Policy’ more vigorously.

Question 25.
Write any features liked by you In Mahatma Gandhi.
Answer:

1. Gandhi took the national movement to masses.
2. Gandhiji all the time depended upon the weapons of Truth and nonviolence.
3. He worked for the welfare of Harijans,
4. He introduced the concept Satyagraha.

4 Marks Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the assassination of Gandhiji.
Answer:

1. Gandhiji was unhappy with the communal riots in north-western India and tried to calm the fears and anger of the people.
2. Yet, some sections of people were annoyed with Gandhi for his role in Indian politics.
3. They disturbed his all-religion prayer meetings many times.
4. An unsuccessful attempt on his life was made two days before his actual assassination.
5. Finally, less than six months after Independence, on the evening of 30th January,1 948, Gandhi was shot with three bullets while going for his all-religion prayer meeting. As desired by him, before dying Gandhi reportedly said, ‘Hey, Ram’.
6. His assassin, Nathuram Godse ran out from the scene of crime and was later arrested in Bombay.
7. He was once a member of Hindu Mahasabha and because of his actions, many became against this organisation.

Question 2.
Read the following text and Interpret.
The British government, even without the consultation of the Congress government, decided that India will participate in the war. The Congress was torn in its mind over the question. Most Congress leaders were opposed to Hitler, Mussolini, and the Ideology of Fascism. They were determined to resist the Fascist drive to conquer other sovereign nations. The Congress expected that the British would see their double standards In the expectation that India should support them In fighting the Fascists but not give (or at least promise) India full freedom. Comment on the double standard role of the British.
Answer:

1. The Congress expected that the British would see their double standards in the expectation that India should support them In fighting the Fascists but not giving India full freedom.
2. The British realised this but at the same time, it was hard for them to accept that they would really have to dismantle the empire they had built.
3. The British were willing to give Indian Dominion status under the British crown some time after the War, but the Congress wanted a promise of full freedom for India.
4. The British objected to this by saying that they have to also protect the interests of several other communities in India. With this they liked that the Congress did not represent all Indians, like Muslims.
5. They also implied that Congress may be ignoring the interests of many Indians. So, the British were required to protect these interests.

Question 3.
Read the following paragraph and comment on it.
An agitation was started In Bengal by small and poor peasants who took land of bigger landowners to cultivate. They demanded that their share of harvest should be Increased to two portions out of three Instead of half or even less, that was given to them at that lime. This was called the Tebhaga’ movement and was led by the Provincial Kisan Sabha.
Do you support small and poor peasants’ demands? How?
Answer:
I do agree with the small and poor peasants demands because

1. They demanded their share of harvest should be increased to two portions out of three instead of half or even less.
2. Although they invested on the production of crops they did not get reasonable remuneration of share harvest.
3. They were forced to pay more land tenure. Due to this they faced more economic crises and failed to repay their debts.

Question 4.
How did Indian National Army fight for Indian freedom? Explain.
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose recruited the prisoners of war, captured by Japan in the Indian National Army, Later other Indians also joined n the Army including women. Though Gandhi was not interested in encouraging INA for waging a war, Subhash Chandra Bose persisted In the path and led Indian soldiers to fight against the British. With that intention, he took help from Germany also.

Thousands of soldiers joined Indian National Army. In view of the Britishers, the soldiers of INA were traitors but in view of the Indians, they are National Heroes. The INA soldiers sacrificed their lives or the sake of Indian Independence.

The British suppressed them, Subhash Chandra Bose, continued his struggle against the British for almost three years but unfortunately his army was deleted The British decided to court-martial the soldiers of Indian National Army for being traitors to the army and hanging them to death in punishment.

Question 5.
Read the given paragraph end write your opinion.
The initial calories of Japan against the Americans and Europeans created a strong impression on the people in India, Firstly. It seemed that the European colonialists would get defeated very soon. Secondly. Japan was an Asian country and could stand up against the European colonialiste. Indians felt that they too can stand up and fight againat Britain decisively.
Answer:
Opinion on Paragraph:

1. In my view, Japan a tiny nation defeated Russia In 1905 and China.
2. With this courage during Second World War in the initial period Japan was victorious against the allies.
3. By seeing this victory of Japan we got a strong impression that we Indians can decisively fight against our colonial masters.
4. We also thought that wherever European colonists occupied Afro-Asian countries would also liberate from the clutches of the colonists.
5. Japan an Asian country was against the European colonists. So India took an opportunity stand on the side of Japan and fought against dominance In India.
6. From this we can understand an example of Subash Chandra Bose who wanted to take support of Japanese to overthrow the British rule.

Question 6.
Explain the circumstances that arouse after the partition of India.
Answer:
Circumstances that arouse after the partition of India:
When India was divided, there was a problem of fear end three among the incus end Muslims. Pakistan was separated as a new country and it was separated on the basis of religion. it Pakistan was separated on the basis of religion. all Muslims should go to Pakistan and all Hindus should be in Hindustan such discussions were also taken place but practically there were many problems for all this.

This two religious people suffered of anger and hatred. Many were killed looted, and burnt each other. From Pakistan thousands of Hindus carne to India as refugees. Many stayed on roads. Gradually they were settled relief camps. Insecurity feeling was developed among the Hindus and Muslims.

Question 7.
What were the problems faced by India after partition?
Answer:
Problems faced by India after partition:

1. Painful and unimaginable situation to Indians.
2. Insecurity feeling was developed among the people.
3. Forceable evacuation.
4. The people suffered of anger and hatred.
5. Violent activities
6. Displacement of people
7. Mass killing of the people
8. Confusion among the people
9. Problems of refugees.

Question 8.
Appreciate the role of Subhas Chandra Bose.
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose looked at the opportunity made available by the difficulties of the British. He said that India’s independence was of utmost i.Tçortance and we should take the help of the Japanese to throw out the British. Ile went secretly to Germany and then to Japan and raised an army of Indian soldiers in 1942.

In the beginning, they were soldiers in the British army and had been captured by the Japanese when the British were defeated in Burma and Malaya. They were POWs (prisoners of war). Bose recruited them in his army which he called the Indian National Army (INA). Later, other Indians also joined the army including many women. However, Gandhiji did not agree with the plans of Bose and felt that the Japanese cannot be the liberators of India.

But Subash persisted In his chosen path and led an army of Indian soldiers to fight alongside the Imperial Army of Japan against the British for almost three years.

Question 9.
What was the demand of Muslim League? Would you support or object their argument?
Answer:

1. Muslim League had demanded that the British should create separate seats in a councils for with only Muslims would vote.
2. It had argued that since the majority people in many areas were Hindus, more Hindus are likely to gel elected to councils and Muslims will find it difficult to protect their interests in government.
3. But, if a certain number of seats were reserved 1er Muslims for which only the Muslim population of an area would vote, the Muslim members reaching the councils will be able to raise the concerns of Muslims.
4. The Congress had accepted the logic and separate electorates were implemented from 1909.
5. I would object this type of seat reservation.
6. Seats must be reserved for the Muslims but the electorate should be not just Muslims, but a common electorate.
7. As the members of the councils, then also they can represent their demands, without a separate electorate.

Question 10.
Would you believe that Muslim League represented Muslims of undivided India?
Answer:

1. I would not believe that Muslim League had represented the Muslims of undivided India.
2. This was formed in 1906 and bu 1930s it mainly represented the interests of Muslim landlords of UP and did not have much mass support.
3. In 1937 the Muslim League got only 4.4% of total Muslim vote cast in the elections,
4. But between 1937 and 1947. it pointed out many issues and blamed Congress of insensitivity.
5. It could create the impression that the Congress was basically a Hindu party and did not want to share power with the Muslims.
6. Thus the situation changed in these 10 years.
7. In 1946. when elections were held it succeeded in winning Muslim seats decisively.

Question 11.
How had the Muslim League gained ground for a separate nation-state of Pakistan?
Answer:

1. The name Pakistan was coined by a student, Choudhry Rehmat Ah in 1933.
2. No one cared for it, but in 1940 League made a resolution to that extent
3. From 1940 to 1946 it was able to convince Muslim masses of the benefits and need for a separate nation.
4. Peasants were made to think of a state where Hindu zamindars and moneylenders did not exploit them.
5. They were made to believe of greater religious freedom in new slate.
6. Mushrii elite were made to believe that they would run the government the way they wanted.
7. From 1942 to 1945, with most Congress leaders in jail’, the League made use of the time to build its masa base.
8. Thus it had gained ground for a separate nation-state of Pakistan.

Question 12.
Why did the Hindu-Muslim Identity and separati5t politics often become unimportant during the popular upsurge 1946 – 48?
Answer:
The soldiers of INA were imprisoned and the British decided to punish them. A trial of INA soldiers was begun- to court martial them for being traitors to the army and hanging them to death in punishment.

Unrest and unhappiness and discontent kept erupting in different parts of India as the INA trials proceeded. In this popular upsurge of nationalist consciousness, the issue of Hindu-Muslim identity and separatist politics often became unimportant For example. many of the INA soldiers who were being tried for treason were Mushms, yet the popular anger and sympathy gave no thought to the religion of the soldiers.

Question 13.
Identify the following places related to National Movement In the given map of India.
1) Punjab
2) Sindh
3) Kashmir
4) Baluchistan
5) Bengal
6) Hyderabad
7) Junagadh
8) Assam
9) Afghan
Answer:

Question 14.
Religions have been playing a prominent role since the partition of India.” Write your evidences.
Answer:

1. The growth of Muslim separation from the late 19th century and the rise of communal violence from 1 920s to the virulent outbreaks of 1946-1 947.
2. Muslims, as a religious community, comprised only 20% of the population and represented great diversity in economic, social, and political terms.
3. From the late 19th century, some of its political elites In northern India felt increasingly threatened by British devolution of power. Due to this, the logic of numbers would mean the dominance of the majority Hindu community.

Question 15.
Do you think Indians should have felt grateful to the British government for the powers given by the act of 1935? Write your opinion.
Answer:
No, we need not have felt grateful to the British government for the powers given by the act of 1935 because of the following reasons:

1. India is meant for Indians only.
2. We have right to freedom.
3. To British were forced by Indian freedom fighters,
4. Thats why the British passed the Act of 1935.

So we should be grateful to our national leaders and freedom fighters. not to the Britishers.

Question 16.
Read the following paragraph and Interpret.
The British were willing to give the status of Dominion to India under the British Crown soon after the war. But the Congress wanted e promise of complete freedom for India. The Congress also demanded that an irradiate national govemment should be set up at the Centre. The British objected to this by saying that they have to also protect the interests of several other communities in India.

They meant that Congress did not represent all Indians, like Muslims. They also implied that Congress may be ignoring the interests of many Indians. So, the British were required to protect these Interests.’
Answer:
The given paragraph says that the British wanted to give freedom to India but not full freedom. Congress demanded full freedom. They also demanded that an Independent national government should be set up at the centre. The British showed a threat to Muslims that may not lead a happy arid peaceful life. Congress was leading and working for a section of Indians but not all.

It is their responsibility to protect the interests of Muslims. The British came to India arid and exploited our resources. They played cruaI role in separating Indians, When National Congress was started Muslims also joined hands with congress and they continued their struggle against the British rule. Many times Muslims also went to jails. At the time of the First World War the British needed the help from Indian soldiers. They requested the support of Indian National Congress. Though they were an need of our help, they put conditions on Indian National Congress that only status of Dominion to India under the British crown would be given but not full freedom. It shows the imperialistic nature of the British.

In imperialism they exploit the resources of colonies and so they want to continue their rule. If ruling power In one colony was withdrawn, there would be no scope for exploiting the resources. The British worked in colonies not for the development but only to exploit. In India they began the railway, was it for development in India, completely not. It was only to exploit or take away the cotton which was grown in the western Maharashtra. It is not only in India, in many of the African countries also they did the same.

Their policy was to divide the people and continue their rule. Muslims were not treated well by the Indian National Congress. So the British had to protect the interests of Mushms. Thus, the British used to continue their power in India. The real intention was not the welfare of the Muslims, but their rule and power.

By conclusion, It riot a proper policy to exploit any of resources of any country. It is wrong that the British government put conditions before giving Independence. Every country should have equal rights ‘in the world. No country should be the colony and no country should follow imperialism. There would be no difference of minority arid majorIty all people should be equally treated.

Question 17.
Read the following paragraph end write your opinion.
“Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to take up the opportunity created by the difficulties of the British. He said that India’s independence was of utmost importance arid we should take the help of the Japanese to throw out the British. He went secretly to Germany and open and collected an army of Indian soldiers In 1942”.
Answer:
According to the given paragraph, Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to use the opportunity of Japan winning against the Americans and Europeans. As per Subhash Chandra Bose to get Independence was very important arid so India should take the help of the victorious country. Japan and fight against the British to make India free. For that he visited Germany end Japan and established an army of Indian soldiers.

With the imperialistic Ideology, many countries acted as the British. Subflash Chandra Bose gave up his ICS and entered Indian freedom struggle. In the initial stage, he worked with Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. He worked as President of Congress in 1930s. Later on, he was not satisfied with the activities of Indian National Congress and he decided that the British would riot give freedom with peace, petitions and protests.

He thought some violent movement against the British was compulsory. succeeded Indian Civil Services and had experience to run en army. At the time of Japan’s victory against flic Americans arid Europeans, Subhastl Cheridra Bose and so he wanted to take help from Japan and Germany. For that, he founded Indian National Army arid started fight against the British.

Indian Freedom struggle went on in two ways. One, under the leadership of Gandhiji and Indian National Congress another one was under the control of Lai, Bal. Pal. The first one gave importance to Nonviolence whereas the second one gave importance to violence.

Bhagat singh, Chandra Sekhar Azad also fought against the British rule using weapons. it was the Intention of Subhash Chandra Bose, at any coat, whatever the way is, it Is compulsory end necessary to get freedom to our country.

In conclusion, it is to be followed from Subhash Chandra Bose that how one citizen should feel about one’s country. He left everything for the sake of himself and dedicated his life for the sake of nation. He decided to take help from Germany also. Germany was the country which led to human holocaust and killed millions of Jews. Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to take their help to make India free. Now everyone has to work for making the nation great and strong.

Question 18.
Read the following paragraph and Interpret.
The soldier of INA were imprisoned and the British decided to punish then A trial of NA soldIers wee b.gun. The British decided to court martial them for being bettors to the army and hanging them to death in punishment.’
Answer:
The given paragraph deals with three areas. Imprisonment cl Indian National Army soldiers is the main one. The British decided to send the soldiers to court martial. They were treated as cheaters by the British. The issue put for discussion or debate that whether the NA soldiers are to be treated as traitors or not.

India was under the control or rule before independence. Many patriots fought against the British to make India free. In the same way some political parties and institutions organizations also worked for that purpose. Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose succeeded In Indian Clvii Services and gave up It for the sake of participating, in the freedom struggle. He came out from Indian National Congress and established Indian National Army to fight against the British.

When Japan defeated, America and European countrIes, Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to take help from Japan and Germany also. Thousands of soldiers of INA fought against the British. In view of the Britishers, the soldiers of INA were traitors to them But in view of the Indians, they were patriots.

The British decided to send them to court martial and punish, As an Indian, I say that the soldiers would be facilitated, not punished. They sacrificed their lives for the sake of Indian freedom. It was brutal and cruel to hang the freedom fighters. The imperialistic British suppressed the movements when the soldiers end common people turned against them. This es not accepted In democratic countries. The British did the same In many of the Asian and African countries.

The natives of a country generally strive to make their country great The Vietnamese also fought against France. In conclusion, I say that what the British had done was wrong. They wanted to continue their rule In India. If they allowed, they would leave India and so they lose a lot.

Now a- days it Is wrong. I strongly say that the soldiers of INA are to be given respect. Their commemoration is also to be conducted. We should not forget their services and we pay tribute to them by serving the nation in a right way. Every citizen should work hard to make the nation great and strong.

Question 19.
Locate the following in the given map of World.
1. Pakistan
2. This country was ruled India two hundred years.
Answer:
Greet Britain

3. This country was ruled by Dutch people.
Answer:
Indonesia

4. This is called the tear drop of Indian Ocean.
Answer:
Sri Lanka

5. Kolkata