Tenses Inter 1st Year English Grammar with Answers

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Tenses in English Inter 1st Year

AP Inter 1st Year English Tenses

Tenses Inter 1st Year

Note to the Student

This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of Tenses-their types, structures, essential rules Mastering Tenses is vital for effective communication and plays a key role in competitive exams.

Tempus is a Latin word for Time They indicate the time of an action-whether it happened in the past, is happening in the present, or will happen in the future. All our actions are expressed in three tenses: Present, Past and Future. Mastering Tenses allows us to communicate more effectively and understand the nuances of English. To master tenses we should learn verb forms and their conjugations.

Types of Verbs

Verbs can be categorised into several types

• Regular verbs : These verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding -‘ed’ and ‘t’.
  Ex : walk – walked – walked play – played – played learn – learnt – learnt
• Irregular verbs: These verbs form their past tense and past participle in various ways.
  Ex: go – went – gone eat – ate – eaten
• Action verbs: These verbs describe actions that can be seen or measured. They can be used in all tenses. Ex: run, jump, read
• Stative verbs: These verbs describe a state of being, emotion, or condition. They are rarely used in continuous tenses.
  Ex: know, love, seem.

Types of Tense

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
• Present Tense

Simple Present

+	I/You/We/They work	He/She/It works.
–	I/You/We/They do not work	He/She/It does not work.
?	Do I/You/We/They work?	Does he/she/it work?

Every day I wake up at 5am. Sometimes, I wake up late. But my mom, she is magic. She always wakes up early me. She does all the work and my dad helps her. In our family we share our work like the sun and the moon share the day. My dad often helps me with my homework. He knows all the answers. My college is far from our house. So, I go by bus. The bus reaches the college around 9 am.

Rules and Uses

Subject + base verb VI (+ s/es for 3rd person singular)

Adverbs of Time or Frequency
Front position	Mid position	End position
	Always, often, usually, rarely, seldom, frequently, never, barely	Every day/ week/month/ year/ daily, regularly/ Once or twice a week/ month etc

1. To describe a habit, a hobby, a daily event, or something that often happens.
E.g: I play tennis every day.

2. To describe universal truths, beliefs and generalizations.
E.g: The sun rises in the east.

3. To talk about scheduled events in the near future.
E.g. The train leaves at 6 PM regularly.

4. To express an action that is happening or is not happening now with non-continuous verbs
E.g: Mohan teaches English in a university.

5. For permanent actions.
E.g: His father works in a bank.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. She usually ………… (cook) for the entire family.
Answer:
She usually cooks for the entire family.

2. My brother often ………… (read) comics.
Answer:
My brother often reads comics.

3. Students ………… (study) in the library daily.
Answer:
Students study in the library daily.

4. We ………… (go) to the market every Saturday.
Answer:
We go to the market every Saturday.

5. Raman ………… (go) to Tirupathi twice a year.
Answer:
Raman goes to Tirupathi twice a year.

6. The hostelers ………… (watch) a movie every month.
Answer:
The hostelers watch a movie every month.

7. Water ………… (boil) at 1000 Celsius.
Answer:
Water boils at 100C.

8. ………… birds ………… (fly) in the sky?
Answer:
Do birds fly in the sky?

+	I am/ You are working.	He/ She/ It is working.	We/ They are working.
–	I am hot working.	He/ She/ It is not working.	We/ They are not working.
?	Am I working?	It he/ she/ it working?	Are we/ they working?

Now. I am waiting at the bus stop. Everyone is checking their watches at present. I am worrying about my exam today. “Are you going to college?” currently, an old man is trying to talk to me. “Please don’t disturb me! I am studying at the moment.” Now, he is sitting beside me. He is still talking: “These days I am not feeling well, I can’t even hear properly.”-I am not responding to him as I am reading my book. He is continuing his story: “My children are living in Bengaluru at present.” I am not paying him any attention. Suddenly, there is a noise: “Look there! The bus is coming!”

Rules and Uses
Subject + am/is/are + base verb (VI) + -ing

Verbs/Adverbs of Time
Front position	Mid position	End position
Look!		at present
See!		at the moment
Listen! Hark!		now
Don’t disturb!		right now
Hurry up!		these days

1. To describe the actions in progress or in progress over a prolonged period.
E.g: The students are discussing their project at the moment.

2. In English, now can mean different things: this second, today.
E.g: Ravi is cooking dinner in the kitchen right now.

3. With the verbs given under first position in the adverbs table.
E.g: See! How beautifully the birds are flying in the sky.

The following verbs are generally not used in the continuous form.

Category	Examples	Correct Ussage	Incorrect Usage
Verbs of Perception	see, hear, smell, taste, notice	I hear music.	NOT: I am hearing music.
Verbs of Emotion	love, hate, like, dislike, prefer, want, wish, feel	I love chocolate.	NOT: I am loving chocolate.
Verbs of Thinking	consider, believe, forget, know, mean, mind, remember, recall, suppose, think, understand, recognise	She knows the answer.	NOT: She is knowing the answer.
Verbs of Possession	own, belong to, possess, have (when meaning possession), contain, consist of	He has a car.	NOT: He is having a car.
Verbs of Appearing	appear, seem, look innocent.	The boy looks innocent.	NOT: The boy is looking innocent.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I ………… (wait) for the bus right now.
Answer:
I am waiting for the bus right now.

2. Hark! The Cuckoo ………… (sing) beautifully.
Answer:
Hark! The Cuckoo is singing beautifully

3. Don’t disturb! She ………… (study) for her ensuing exams this week.
Answer:
Don’t disturb! She is studying for her ensuing exams this week.

4. Look! They ………… (practise) dance for the upcoming performance.
Answer:
Look! They are practising dance for the upcoming performance.

5. See! He ………… (ride) a bullock cart while holding a stick.
Answer:
See! He is riding a bullock cart while holding a stick.

6. I ………… (study) to become a doctor. Don’t disturb me
Answer:
I am studying to become a doctor. Don’t disturb me.

7. Hurry up! The train ………… (move) while the kids are playing.
Answer:
Hurry up! The train is moving while the kids are playing.

8. The birds ………… (fly) in the sky now.
Answer:
The birds are flying in the sky now

Activity!

Write five sentences about what is happening in your class right now using present continuous.
Answer:

• The teacher is explaining a new lesson.
• Some students are taking notes carefully.
• A few classmates are asking questions.
• We are listening to the teacher attentively.
• The class monitor is writing on the board.

Present Perfect

+	I/ We/ You have worked.	He/ She/ It has worked.
–	I/ We/ You have not worked.	He/ she/ It has not worked.
?	Have I/ we/ you worked?	Has it he/ she/ worked?

I have got on the bus just on time. I have looked for the old man. He hasn’t got on the bus. He has tried to get on the bus, but it’s full. I have never seen such a crowd before. After that, I have almost forgotten about him. Anyway, I have written my exam well once again. I have seen the old man again after a couple of days.

Rules and Uses

Subject + has/have + past participle (V₃)

Adverbs
Front position	Mid position	End positions
—	Already Just Ever & never (in interrogatives)	recently/lately so far/yet twice/three times/ four times/ several times etc.

1. To say that an action happened in the recent past/immediate past but its result or effect is felt in the present. E.g: Has Ganesh bought an iPhone recently?

2. To describe one’s experience, achievements or changes without mentioning time.
E.g: We have won the world cup.

3. To say that an action which we expected has not happened, with adverbials like ‘yet, so far’
E.g: He has never tried sushi so far.

4. To show actions that have happened more than once.
E.g: Humans have walked on the moon several times.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I …………already …………(finish) my homework.
Answer:
I have already finished my homework.

2. She …………(visit) Paris three times.
Answer:
She has visited Paris three times.

3. Gita’s English …………(improve) since she joined college.
Answer:
Gita’s English has improved since she joined college.

4. Pavan …………(meet) with an accident twice.
Answer:
Pavan has met with an accident twice.

5. She …………(be) to Delhi lately.
Answer:
She has been to Delhi lately.

6. I …………not …………(see) him since last week.
Answer:
I have not seen him since last week.

7. The rain …………not …………(stop) yet.
Answer:
The rain has not stopped yet.

8. Rishi …………just …………(go) out to get something to eat.
Answer:
Rishi has just gone out to get something to eat.

Activity.

Write three sentences about what has happened just before the English class using present perfect.
Answer:

• The students have finished their lunch.
• The teacher has arranged all the materials for the lesson.
• The bell has rung, signaling the start of the class.

Present Perfect Continuous

+	I/ We/ You have been working.	He/ She/ It has been working.
–	I/ We/ You have not been working.	He/ She/ It has not been working.
?	Have I/ we/ you been working?	Has it he/ she/’been working?

The old man has been coming into my mind throughout these days. I don’t know what has been happening at the bus stop because I have been skipping college due to fever. I have been going to hospital all these days. Right now, he is sitting there. Clearly, he has been waiting for me. I don’t know why I have been searching for him for the past ten days.”

Subject + has/have + been + verb (V₁) + ing

Tips/ Adverbs
Front position	Mid position	End position
How long	……….	for – period of time since – point of time all day/all night all these days/ years

1. To describe an action started in past and has been going on till the present emphasizing the duration and the progression of the action. “For five minutes, for two weeks, since Tuesday, or for a long time” are all durations that can be used.
E.g: We have been studying for the exam all night.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I _______ (learn) English for five years.
Answer:
I have been learning English for five years.

2. She _______(work) at this company since last year.
Answer:
She has been working at this company since last year.

3. They _______(wait) for the bus for over an hour.
Answer:
They have been waiting for the bus for over an hour.

4. Jaya _______(draw) a picture for two hours.
Answer:
Jaya has been drawing a picture for two hours.

5. I _______(water) the plants in the garden and I am tired now.
Answer:
I have been watering the plants in the garden and I am tired now.

6. Joyal _______(teach) English since she joined the profession.
Answer:
Joyal has been teaching English since she joined the profession.

7. how long she _______(practise) music?
Answer:
How long has she been practising music?

8. Where ______ you _______(live) all these years?
Answer:
Where have you been living all these years?

Activity !

Write three sentences about what you have been doing since joining college using present perfect continuous
Answer:

• I have been attending lectures regularly since joining college.
• I have been making new friends and participating in college events.
• I have been studying hard to keep up with my coursework.

ii) Past Tense
Simple Past

+	I/ He/ She/ It worked.	You/ We/ They/ worked.
–	I/ He/ She/ It did not work.	You/ We/ They/ did not work.
?	Did I/ he/ she/ it work?	Did you/ we/ they/ work?

I met him a year ago. Then, I forgot him. A month ago. I saw him again at the bus stop. He didn’t notice me. Last week, when I went to the bus depot to renew my bus pass, he was there. Strangely, the old man recognised me, came to talk to me. He told me about his children and that they were still in Bengaluru.

Rules and Uses
Subject + past tense verb(V₂)

Adverbs of time
Front position	Mid position	End position
Once upon a time	………….	yesterday long ago/ long back last night/week/month/year in + year (past years) Eg: in 1947.

1. To express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
The specific time need not be mentioned every time.
E.g.: Madan met my best friend at the park yesterday.
2. With expressions, ‘I wish …………, It’s time …………, as if, as though’.
E.g: I wish I had a car.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I ………… (visit) my grandmother last weekend.
Answer:
I visited my grandmother last weekend.

2. She ………… (finish) her homework before lunch.
Answer:
She finished her homework before lunch.

3. Madhu ………… (go) to the beach yesterday.
Answer:
Madhu went to the beach yesterday.

4. When ………… he ………… (write) the exam last year?
Answer:
When did he write the exam last year?

5. ………… they ………… (plan) the meeting last month?
Answer:
Did they plan the meeting last month?

6. They ………… (travel) to Japan two years ago.
Answer:
They traveled to Japan two years ago.

7. He ………… (forget) his wallet at home this morning.
Answer:
He forgot his wallet at home this morning.

8. We ………… (talk) on the phone for thirty minutes last night.
Answer:
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes last night.

Activity !

Now write five sentences about what happened in your home yesterday using simple past.
Answer:

• My mother cooked a delicious dinner.
• I cleaned my room and arranged my books.
• We watched a movie together in the evening.
• My father repaired the broken chair in the living room.
• My sister played music and we all danced for a while.

Past Continuous

+	I/ He/ She/ It was working.	You/ We/ They/ were working.
–	I/ He/ She/ It not working.	You/ We/ They/ were not working.
?	Was I/ he/ she/ it working?	Were you/ we/ they/ working?

Last week this time, it was raining, while I was waiting at the bus stop. The students were standing in groups to avoid getting wet. Then, I saw that the old man was walking slowly towards me. He was looking very different. I was listening to music when he sat next to me. I noticed that he wasn’t speaking. At last I asked him, what was happening in his life.

Rules and Uses
Subject + was/were + base verb (V1) +-ing
1. To indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted by another shorter action.
E.g: While I was reading, my brother arrived.

2. Actions in progress at a particular time in the past.
E.g: I was eating dinner with my family, at 8 PM last night.

3. With the combination of simple past. (while/when is common with this combination)
E.g: Ajay and his friends were solving problems in Maths when I went there.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I ………… (cook) dinner when the phone rang.
Answer:
I was cooking dinner when the phone rang.

2. She ………… (talk) to her father at this time yesterday.
Answer:
She was talking to her father at this time yesterday.

3. ………… you ………… (study) for the exam at 7 PM yesterday?
Answer:
Were you studying for the exam at 7 PM yesterday?

4. They ………… (play) golf when it started raining.
Answer:
They were playing golf when it started raining.

5. He ………… (work) on his project all afternoon yesterday.
Answer:
He was working on his project all afternoon yesterday.

6. Padmini ………… (watch) TV when the power was off.
Answer:
Padmini was watching TV when the power was off.

7. At midnight, we ………… still ………… (drive) through the desert that day.
Answer:
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert that day.

8. When John ………… (sleep), someone stole his car.
Answer:
When John was sleeping, someone stole his car.

Activity !

Now write five sentences about what were you doing yesterday at this time using past continuous.
Answer:

• I was reading a book in my room.
• I was listening to some relaxing music.
• I was writing notes for my English assignment.
• I was drinking a cup of tea.
• I was chatting with a friend on the phone.

Past Perfect

+	I/ He/ She/ It was working.	You/ We/ They/ were working.
–	I/ He/ She/ It not working.	You/ We/ They/ were not working.
?	Was I/ he/ she/ it working?	Were you/ we/ they/ working?

He told me what had happened: his son had thrown him out of his own house and taken his money. He had run out of his money very quickly. Since then, he had faced lot of hardships. The rain had stopped but not his problems. I had never heard such a moving story before.

Rules and Uses
Subject + had + past participle (V₃)
1. To describe an action that occured before another action in the past.
E.g: He had already gone out when I went to his room.

2. With conditional clauses.
E.g: If I had worked harder, I would have passed.

3. With the combination of simple past. (when/before/after is common with this combination)
E.g: The doctor had left when I went to the hospital.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. By the time I arrived, they ………… already ………… (leave).
Answer:
By the time I arrived, they had already left.

2. We ………… never ………… (see) such a beautiful sunset before I went to Kochi.
Answer:
We had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I went to Kochi.

3. After they ………… (eat); they went for a walk.
Answer:
After they had eaten, they went for a walk.

4. Only she understood the movie because she ………… (read) the book.
Answer:
Only she understood the movie because she had read the book.

5. If I ………… (buy) lemons, I would have made lemon rice.
Answer:
If I had bought lemons, I would have made lemon rice.

6. I ………… (dream) of becoming an IAS officer but I became a teacher.
Answer:
I had dreamed of becoming an IAS officer but I became a teacher.

7. After they ………… (watch) the movie, they talked about it for hours.
Answer:
After they had watched the movie, they talked about it for hours.

8. They ………… (vacate) the house before the owner came.
Answer:
They had vacated the house before the owner came.

Activity !

Now write three sentences about what had happened while you were going home yesterday using past perfect.
Answer:

• It had started raining heavily before I reached the bus stop.
• Someone had dropped their wallet on the sidewalk.
• The power had gone out in my neighborhood by the time I arrived home.

Past Perfect Continuous

+	I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They/ had been working.
–	I/ He/ She/ It / You/We/ They/ had not been working.
?	Had I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they been working?

He was in tears because he had been crying for many days. I had been thinking about this old man for all these months, but I had never imagined this. I had saved some of my pocket money for a trip, but at that moment I took my pocket money from my bag and offered it to him. He received it with a smile and left.

Later, my friend told me that the old man was a professional beggar and he had been cheating people for several months. If I had been careful, this wouldn’t have happened. He got my money, I got a lesson.

Rules and Uses

Subject + had + been + base verb (V₁) + -ing

1. To show that something started in the past, continued and completed until sometime in the past. For five minutes and for two weeks are both durations which can be used with the past perfect continuous. However, the duration does not continue until now, it stops in the past itself.
E.g: They had been living in Japan for 10 years before the earthquake occured.

2. To show cause and effect
E.g: Jason was tired because he had been jogging.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I……….(wait) for the bus for over 30 minutes when it finally arrived.
Answer:
I had been waiting for the bus for over 30 minutes when it finally arrived.

2. By the time I called her, she……….(work) on the project for hours.
Answer:
By the time I called her, she had been working on the project for hours.

3. They……….(run) for-an hour before they took a break.
Answer:
They had been running for an hour before they took a break.

4. She……….(study) all night for the exam and was exhausted.
Answer:
She had been studying all night for the exam and was exhausted.

5. He……….(try) to fix the car for hours when I arrived.
Answer:
He had been trying to fix the car for hours when I arrived.

Activity!

Now write three sentences about what you had been doing with your pocket money before joining the college using past perfect continuous.
Answer:

• I had been saving my pocket money to buy a new phone.
• I had been spending some of it on books and snacks.
• I had been helping my younger brother by giving him a part of my savings.

iii) Future Tense

Simple Future

+	I/ We/ shall/ will work.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will work.
–	I/ We/ shall/ will not work.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will not work.
?	Shall/ Will /I/ we work?	Will you/ he/ she/ they/ it work?

I will be careful next time. I will tell some story to my friends; else they will not know how easily I got duped. But next week, my friends will go on a trip. When I go home. I will explain everything to my mom. After that she will give me money.

Adverbs of time
Front position	Mid position	End Position
…………..	…………….	tomorrow next week/month/year next weekend/summer etc in + year (future time)

1. To express an action that will take place in future.
E.g: We shall celebrate your birthday next weekend.

2. To express a promise.
E.g. I shall call you when I arrive.

3. To express a prediction/guess.
E.g. Honey will be the next class leader.

4. To express a voluntary action.
E.g. I will help you.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. She………..(buy) a new car next month.
Answer:
She will buy a new car next month.

2. They………..(start) the meeting at 10 AM tomorrow.
Answer:
They will start the meeting at 10 AM tomorrow.

3. He………..(finish) his homework after dinner.
Answer:
He will finish his homework after dinner.

4. The team………..play) the championship match next month.
Answer:
The team will play the championship match next month.

5. ……….. I………..(help) you with your project later?
Answer:
Will I help you with your project later?

6. They (build) a new library in the city next year.
Answer:
They will build a new library in the city next year.

7. She (visit) her grandparents during the holidays.
Answer:
She will visit her grandparents during the holidays.

8. The weather forecast says it (rain) tomorrow.
Answer:
The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow.

Future Continuous

+	I/ We/ shall/ will be working.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will be working.
–	I/ We/ shall/ will not be working.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will not be working.
?	Shall/ Will /I/ we be working?	Will you/ he/ she/ they/ it be working?

This time next week my friends will be enjoying their trip, but I shall be staying home and thinking of ways to save up again. I shall be helping my dad with some work around the house to earn back the trust I lost. My friends will be posting the picture online. In the evenings, I will be going out for walks, trying to forget the old man’s stories.

Rules and Uses
Subject + shall/ will + be + base verb (V₁) + -ing

• To describe actions that will be happening at a specific point in the future.
  E.g: They will be traveling to the mountains next weekend.
• To indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action.
  E.g: I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives

Mr. Ram is a teacher. Look at the pictures and say what he will be doing at different times tomorrow.

Answer:
1. At 8:00 he will be having breakfast
3. At 9:05 he will be teaching maths
5. At 10:30 he will be having coffee
7. At 2:15 he will be training the football team
9. At 6:00 he will be cooking dinner
2. At 8:30 he will be driving to work
4. At 10:15 he will be correcting papers
6. At 11:15 he will be teaching French
8. At 4:00 he will be taking a bath
10. At 7:30 he will be watching TV

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. At this time tomorrow, I ………… (work) on my project.
Answer:
At this time tomorrow, I will be working on my project.

2. We ………… (have) dinner with friends at 7 PM tomorrow.
Answer:
We will be having dinner with friends at 7 PM tomorrow.

3. He ………… (play) football in the park at this time next week.
Answer:
He will be playing football in the park at this time next week.

4. I ………… (watch) TV when she arrives tonight.
Answer:
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

5. She ………… (work) on her project all evening tomorrow.
Answer:
She will be working on her project all evening tomorrow.

6. They ………… (wait) for us at the station when we arrive.
Answer:
They will be waiting for us at the station when we arrive.

Activity !

Write a short paragraph describing what you will be doing at different times tomorrow. Use at least five Future Continuous sentences.
Answer:
Tomorrow will be a busy day for me. At 8 a.m., I will be attending an online class. By 11 a.m., I will be working on my science project with my friends. In the afternoon, I will be having lunch with my family. Around 4 p.m., I will be practicing for the school play. In the evening, I will be studying for my upcoming test. It’s going to be a productive day!

Future Perfect

+	I/ We/ shall/ will have worked	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will have worked.
–	I/ We/ shall/ will not have worked.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will not have worked.
?	Shall/ Will /I/ we have worked?	Will you/ he/ she/ they/ it have worked?

By the time my friends return from their trip, my dad will have scolded me for my mistake. I will have earned some money by helping my mom. I will have learned my lesson not to trust easily. By the weekend, my friends will have spent all their money.

Rules and Uses
Subject + shall/will have + past participle (V₃)

• To describe actions or events that will be completed before a specific point in the future.
  E.g: By next March, I will have finished my first year.
• By + time expression is common.
  E.g: The team will have won the championship by the end of the day.

Practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. By next year, she ………… (complete) her degree in psychology.
Answer:
By next year, she will have completed her degree in psychology.

2. By the time we arrive, the movie ………… (start).
Answer:
By the time we arrive, the movie will have started.

3. He ………… (travel) to five different countries by the end of summer.
Answer:
He will have traveled to five different countries by the end of summer.

4. By the end of the week, we ………… (move) into our new house.
Answer:
By the end of the week, we will have moved into our new house.

5. You ………… (save) enough money for your trip by next month.
Answer:
You will have saved enough money for your trip by next month.

Activity !

Write down a list of five future events you want to finish by the end of this year.
E.g: You will have finished reading Odyssey by the end of this year.
Answer:

• I will have completed my final project by the end of this year.
• I will have read at least ten new books by December.
• I will have learned basic French by the time the year ends.
• I will have saved enough money to buy a new laptop.
• I will have participated in two community service events.

Future Perfect Continuous

+	I/ We/ shall/ will have been working.	You/ He/. She/ They/ It will have been working.
–	I/ We/ shall/ will not have been working.	You/ He/ She/ They/ It will not have been working.
?	Shall/ Will /I/ we have been working?	Will you/ he/ she/ they/ it have been working?

Tenses at a Glance:

If Clauses/Conditional Sentences

The first conditional (Open condition/Probable condition)
If ………… V1 ………… , ………… shall/will/can/may+V1 …………
First Conditional is used to talk about future events that are likely to happen.

• If we take John, he’ll be really pleased.
• If you give me some money, I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
• If they tell us they want it, we’ll have to give it to them.

Practice

1. If we pay the bills, she ………… (go) home.
Answer:
If we pay the bills, she will go home.

2. If you ………… (be) hungry, you may order online.
Answer:
If you are hungry, you may order online.

3. If I have money, I ………… (visit) America.
Answer:
If I have money, I will visit America.

4. If Raju ………… (like) something, he will do anything.
Answer:
If Raju likes something, he will do anything.

Second conditional (Improbable/Imaginary condition)
If ………… V2 ………… , ………… would + V1 …………
The Second Conditional is used to talk about ‘impossible/unreal situations.

• If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park.
• If I had million dollars, I’d give a lot to charity.
• If everyone had clean water to drink, there would be less diseases.

Practice

1. If I were the president, I ………… (declare) every Saturday a holiday.
Answer:
If I were the president, I would declare every Saturday a holiday.

2. If they ………… (tire), they would take rest.
Answer:
If they tired, they would take rest.

3. If we had more time, we ………… (study) more.
Answer:
If we had more time, we would study more.

4. If you ………… (play) the game before, you would be skilled.
Answer:
If you played the game before, you would be skilled.

Third conditional (Impossible/unfulfilled condition)
if had + V3  would have + V3
Third Conditional is used to talk about impossible conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.

• If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades.
• If I had had time, I would have gone to see him. But I didn’t have time.
• If we had bought that house, we would have had to rebuild the kitchen.
• If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time.

Practise

1. If we had paid more attention in class, we ………… (understand) the lesson.
Answer:
If we had paid more attention in class, we would have understood the lesson.

2. If I ………… (see) him at the meeting, I would have asked him.
Answer:
If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him.

3. If he had tried well, he ………… (get) the first rank.
Answer:
If he had tried well, he would have got the first rank.

4. If she ………… (take) care of herself, the problem would never have been raised.
Answer:
If she had taken care of herself, the problem would never have been raised.

Exercise:

1. By the time you arrive, I ………… (finish) my homework.
Answer:
By the time you arrive, I will have finished my homework.

2. Don’t disturb! She ………… (study) for exams.
Answer:
Don’t disturb! She is studying for exams.

3. Right now, they ………… (watch) a movie.
Answer:
Right now, they are watching a movie.

4. Hurry up! We ………… (go) to watch a film.
Answer:
Hurry up! We are going to watch a film.

5. By next year, I ………… (graduate) from college.
Answer:
By next year, I will have graduated from college.

6. When I was in college, I ………… (write) articles for the school newspaper.
Answer:
When I was in college, I wrote articles for the school newspaper.

7. They ………… (work) on the project all week.
Answer:
They have been working on the project all week.

8. I ………… (not/like) this food since I was a child.
Answer:
I have not liked this food since I was a child.

9. He ………… already ………… (leave) by the time they called.
Answer:
He had already left by the time they called.

10. By the time we reach the station, the train ………… (leave).
Answer:
By the time we reach the station, the train will have left.

11. He ………… (be) my friend for over 10 years now.
Answer:
He has been my friend for over 10 years now.

12. I ………… (try) to fix the car when the mechanic arrived.
Answer:
I was trying to fix the car when the mechanic arrived.

13. They ………… (build) the bridge in 2020
Answer:
They built the bridge in 2020

14. She ………… (wait) for me for over an hour now.
Answer:
She has been waiting for me for over an hour now

15. At this time tomorrow, I ………… (fly) to New York.
Answer:
At this time tomorrow, I will be flying to New York.

16. Venkat ………… (win) the medal last month
Answer:
Venkat won the medal last month

17. I ………… (eat) dinner when you called last night.
Answer:
I was eating dinner when you called last night.

18. She ………… (call) me as soon as she finishes the meeting.
Answer:
She will call me as soon as she finishes the meeting

19. He ………… (not/come) to the party if he had known about it.
Answer:
He would not have come to the party if he had known about it

20. I ………… (learn) Spanish for three months now.
Answer:
I have been learning Spanish for three months now

21. I ………… never ………… (meet) anyone like her before.
Answer:
I have never met anyone like her before.

22. He ………… (wait) for an hour before the train arrived.
Answer:
He had waited for an hour before the train arrived.

23. We ………… often ………… (finish) our projects in time.
Answer:
We have often finished our projects in time

24. My father ………… (buy) a bike for me next month.
Answer:
My father will buy a bike for me next month

25. I ………… (study) every evening.
Answer:
I study every evening.

26. The movie ………… (begin) when we arrived.
Answer:
The movie had begun when we arrived

27. I ………… (not/see) her in the office this week.
Answer:
I have not seen her in the office this week

28. When we were kids, we ………… (go) to the beach every summer.
Answer:
When we were kids, we went to the beach every summer

29. She always ………… (get) up late.
Answer:
She always gets up late

30. The bell ………… just ………… (strike).
Answer:
The bell has just struck