AP 8th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 4 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
→ Acrylic : There are the synthetic fibres which resemble to natural wool – they are durable and affordable.
→ Artificial Silk : Artificial silk or rayon is a man made fibre made from wood pulp. It has properties similar to that of silk.
→ Nylon : Nylon is a fully synthetic fibre. It is prepared from coal, water and air.
→ Plastic : Plastic is a polymer like the synthetic fibre. Arrangement of units in some plastics is linear whereas in other it is cross linked.
→ Polyester : Polyester is a synthetic fibre. Fabric made from this fibre does not get wrinkled easily. It remains crisp and is easy to wash.
→ Polymer : The word ‘polymer’ comes from two Greek words. ‘Poly’ meaning many and ‘mer’ meaning part/unit. So polymer is made of many repeating units.
→ Polythene : Polythene (Poly+ethene) is an example of thermosplastic. It is used for making commonly used polythene bags.
→ Rayon : Rayon is also known as artificial silk. It is a man-made fibre made from wood pulp.
→ Synthetic Fibres The fibres made by human beings are called synthetic fibres.
→ Terylene : Terylene is a popular polyester. It can be drawn into very fine fibres that can be woven like any other yarn.
→ Thermoplastics : Plastics which get deformed easily on heating and can be bent easily are known as thermoplastics.
→ Thermosetting Plastics : Plastics which when moulded once, cannot be softened by heating are called thermosetting plastics.
→ Bio degradable : Materials which get decomposed through natural processes are called biodegradable.
→ Non-biodegradable : The materials which are not easily becomposed by natural processes also called non-biodegradable.
→ Cellulose : Polymers occur in nature also, e.g. cotton is a polymer which is called cellulose. Cellulose is made up of a large number of glucose units.
→ Synthetic fibres and plastics are made up of large units called polymers.
→ Polymers are made up of many smaller units.
→ Artificial fibres are obtained by chemical processing by petro chemicals.
→ Synthetic fibres find uses ranging from many house hold articles like ropes, buckets, furniture, containers.
→ Synthetic fibres use to highly specialised uses in aircrafts, ships, spacecrafts, health care etc.
→ Depending upon the type of chemicals used for manufacture there are different synthetic fibres.
→ Commonly used synthetic fibres are rayon, nylon, polyester and acrylic.
→ Acrylic is artificial wool made from coal, air, water, oil and limestone.
→ The different types of fibres differ from one another in their strength, water absorbing capacity, nature of burning, cost and durability etc.
→ Today, life without plastics connot be imagined. Be it home, or outside, plastic is everywhere.
→ The waste created by plastics is not environment friendly.
→ On burning plastics release poisonous gases.
→ Plastics take years to decompose. This is because of their non-biodegradable nature.
→ Enjoy the good qualities of synthetic fibres and plastics and reduce the indiscriminate use of plastics to minimize environmental hazards.