Non-Verbal Information Inter 1st Year English Grammar with Answers

Students prefer AP Inter 1st Year English Grammar with Answers Pdf and Non-Verbal Information in English Inter 1st Year for mastering language skills.

Non-Verbal Information in English Inter 1st Year

AP Inter 1st Year English Non-Verbal Information

Non-Verbal Information Inter 1st Year

Note to the Student

Visual information, such as tree diagrams, pie charts, route maps, bar graphs, and tables, helps you understand and present data clearly. This chapter will teach you how to interpret and create different visual formats effectively.

Mastering these skills will improve your ability to organize and communicate information efficiently. Study the following signage boards. Write down what you understand from those boards in the blanks provided below the signage.

Now read the following

• Zebra line ahead. Be cautious while crossing the Zebra line.
• You’ll find a hospital if you go ahead five hundred metres.
• Be cautious of the wet floor. It’s slippery. You might fall down.
• Here’s a First Aid kit. Use it in emergency.
• Parking for Vehicles. First cars then motor bikes and finally bicycles should be parked.
  Please note that entry and exit ways are different.
• Here’s fire extinguisher in case of emergency.

Is it easy to understand the signage boards or the written information? How about those who can’t read? For example let’s say a truck driver is speeding on the road and sees the following.

Advantages of Using Diagrams

• Visually appealing and engaging
• Easy to remember
• Time-saving
• Simplifies complex data
• Useful for comparisons
• More informative

Now, let’s learn how to create and interpret different types of diagrams, including pie charts, tree diagrams, tables, bar graphs, and route maps.

1. Pie charts/diagrams
A pie chart is a type of graph that represents the data in the circular graph.
It shows how a total amount is divided into categories. The slices of the pie are often represented with percentages. Hence, the term “pie” represents the whole, and the “slices” represent the parts of the whole.

In the above, the first and the third charts show slices in a pie, can represent percentage of something whole. The second chart shows the time spent by Tina in a day. The third, the percentage of sales of certain goods in a shop.

How to draw a pie chart?
Imagine a teacher surveys her class on the basic of favourite Sports of students :

Football	Hockey	Cricket	Basketball	Badminton
10	5	5	10	10

This data can be represented by a pie chart as following. It makes the size of the portion easy to understand.
Step 1: Add all the values in the table to get the total, i.e. total students are 40 in this case.
Step 2: Imagine the circle equal to 100 and now what would be the value of half circle and 1/4 th circle? In the same manner if the circle’s total value is 40, how much slice a 10 would take?
Step 3: To make it clearer, we can divide each value by the total and multiply by 100 to get a per cent. It makes the size of the portion easy to, understand.

Football	Hockey	Cricket	Basketball	Badminton
(10/40) x 10 =25%	(5/40) x 100 =12.5%	(5/40) x 100 =12.5%	(10/40) x100 = 25%	(10/40) x 100 =25%

Now you can draw a pie chart.
Step 4: Draw a circle and slice it into those measures approximately.

Try This

A summer survey conducted among 500 people in an area revealed their favourite beverages to beat the heat:

• Cool drinks: 148 people preferred them over natural drinks.
• Buttermilk: 102 people chose this as a healthy option.
• Sugandhi soda (Nannari): 90 people opted for it.
• Coconut water 80 people preferred it.
• Iced tea: Chosen by 20 people.
• Cold coffee: Chosen by 15 people.
• Local drinks: The remaining participants preferred local beverages over all the above options.

Based on this data, create a pie chart to visually represent the distribution of preferences.

2. Tree diagrams
A tree diagram is a way of representing the hierarchical nature of a structure in a pictorial form. It is named a tree diagram, because the representation is like a tree. It is easier to draw tree diagram and let’s see how.

• Choose your main concept, idea, or topic.
• Place your main concept at the top of your diagram.
• Tree diagrams are hierarchical, so you should always start with your biggest, broadest idea and get more specific as you go.
• Create the first level branches. Your first level of branches will be ideas or steps that would come immediately after or are immediately related to the main concept.
• Keep adding branches. Add more ideas based on your first layer of branches and continue branching off until you reach a conclusion or outcome of each path.

Try This

The Indian government is structured into three main branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary. The Legislative branch is responsible for making laws. Further it is divided into Parliament and State legislatures. Parliament is further divided into Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. State legislature has Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad.

The executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws. This branch is classified into Central Exeeutive and State Executive. Central Executive has President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers and Bureaucracy. State Executive has Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers and State Bureaucracy.

The judiciary interprets laws, resolves disputes, and ensures justice. Judiciary is further classified into Supreme Court, High Courts and Sub ordinate courts. Sub ordinate courts are divided into District and Sessions Courts and Lower courts. Show the above information in a tree diagram.

3. Tables

A table is an arrangement of information or data, typically in rows and columns. Tables are widely used in research, data analysis and communication. Drawing a table is simple.

• Determine the purpose of the table: Identify the information you want to compare, categorize or summarize.
• Figure out the number of columns and rows that are needed.
• Represent individual items, records or entities in rows. Each row should contain data for a single entity or record. There should be no confusion.
• Represent attributes, categories, or variables describing each row in the columns. Each column should contain data of the same type.
• Clearly label the columns and rows with meaningful headers.

Example : Four friends decided to compare their monthly expenses on different categories. Srikar spends Rs. 2000 on food, Rs. 1500 on entertainment, Rs. 1000 on travel, and Rs. 500 on skill development. Giridhar spends Rs. 2500 on food, Rs. 1000 on entertainment, Rs. 1500 on travel, and Rs. 750 on skill development. Prabhakar allocates Rs. 1800 for food, Rs. 1200 for entertainment, Rs. 800 for travel, and Rs. 600 skill development. Siddhu spends Rs. 2200 on food, Rs. 1300 on entertainment, Rs. 900 on travel, and Rs. 700 on skill development.

Let’s draw a table with the above data

		Money spent on
Name	Food	Entertainment	Travel development	Skill
Srikar	2000	1500	1000	500
Giridhar	2500	1000	1500	750
Prabhakar	1800	1200	800	600
Siddhu	2200	1300	900	700

Try This

Exercise

The University Wits were a group of influential playwrights and poets of the late 16th century who significantly shaped English literature. Among them, Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) stood out with his masterpieces Doctor Faustus and Tamburlaine the Great known for their powerful use of blank verse and ambitious characters. Thomas Kyd (1558-1594), a pioneer of the revenge tragedy genre, gained fame with The Spanish Tragedy and Cornelia.

Robert Greene (1558-1592), known for his prose romances and pastoral comedies, authored Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay and Pandosto. John Lyly (1554-1606) popularized the Euphuistic style in his works Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit and Endymion. Thomas Nashe (1567-1601), celebrated for his satirical prose, is remembered for The Unfortunate Traveller and Pierce Penniless: His Supplication to the Devil. George Peele (1556-1596) brought lyrical and pastoral drama to the forefront with The Arraignment of Paris and David and Bethsabe.

Finally, Thomas Lodge (1558-1625), known for his romantic and pastoral literature, authored Rosalynde and A Looking Glass for London and England. Together, these writers revolutionized English drama and prose, paving the way for the golden age of Elizabethan literature. Convert the above information into a table.

Name	Lifes­ pan	Notable Works	Contribution/ Style
Christopher Marlowe	1564­ -1593	Doctor Faustus, Tamburlaine the Great	Powerful use of blank verse; am­bitious characters
Thomas Kyd	1558­-1594	The Spanish Tragedy, Cornelia	Pioneer of re­venge tragedy genre
Robert Greene	1558­-1592	Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, Pandosto	Prose romances; pastoral comedies
John Lyly	1554­-1606	Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit, Endymion	Popularized Eu- phuistic style
Thomas Nashe	1567­-1601	The Unfortunate Traveller, Pierce Penniless: His Supplication to the Devil	Satirical prose
George Peele	1556­ – 1596	The Arraignment of Paris, David and Bethsahe	Lyrical and pasto­ral drama
Thomas Lodge	1558­ – 1625	Rosalynde, A Looking Glass for London and England	Romantic and pastoral literature

4. Bar Graphs
Bar graphs or bar charts are a type of graph that uses bars to represent data and compare values.

• Bar graphs use bars of different heights or lengths to represent data. The length of each bar corresponds to the value of the variable it represents.
• They are used to compare different categories of information, show how something changes over time, or explain complex data. They are especially useful when one variable is categorical.
• Bar graphs have an x-axis (horizontal) and a y-axis (vertical). The x-axis typically has numbers for the time period or what is being measured, and the y-axis has numbers for the amount of stuff being measured.

Let’s see how a bar graph can be drawn from the data given below.
Example:
In a parking area there are a number of vehicles being parked every day. As per the data given by the watchman of that parking area, on Monday, 60 cars, 92 bikes and 23 bicycles were parked. On Tuesday, 57 cars, 101 bikes and 20 bicycles were parked. On Wednesday, 62 cars, 105 bikes and 25 bicycles were parked. See how the above data is presented in the following diagram.

Try This

At a sports complex, the number of participants in different activities was recorded over four days. The data is as follows:

• Monday: 35 played basketball, 50 played tennis, and 25 used the gym.
• Tuesday: 40 played basketball, 55 played tennis, and 30 used the gym.
•  Wednesday: 45 played basketball, 60 played tennis, and 35 used the gym.
• Thursday: 50 played basketball, 65 played tennis, and 40 used the gym.

Based on this data, draw a bar graph representing the number of participants in each activity over the four days. Use different colours for each activity to ensure clarity.

5. Route Maps

A route map is a detailed plan or diagram showing the path from a certain point to the destination. A route map typically provides details like the starting point, destination, and the path to get there including roads, streets, and key landmarks, often with estimated distances, allowing users to navigate between two locations efficiently.

The following may be useful:

Anjali got down at city bus-stop. She should go to her friend’s house which is nearby. She called her friend Malathi and took directions to reach Malathi’s home. Here are the directions: “After getting down at the city bus stop you will see a medical shop right opposite the bus-stop.

Take the only road beside the medical shop. If you walk for two minutes you will see a super bazar on your left. As you cross the super bazar, you arrive at a Y- junction. There take left. After walking a few steps you will see Sweta Padma Apartments. Come into the apartment and our flat number is 402.

Try This

Route Map Directions: From Vijayawada to Tirupati:
a. Start: Begin at Vijayawada. Take the NH16 highway heading south.
b. After 30 km , you’ll pass through Guntur. Continue on NH16.
c. Drive 150 km further to reach Ongole.
d. Continue on NH16 for another 150 km to reach Nellore.
e. Turn Off: At Nellore, take a left turn onto NH716 towards Tirupati.
f. Follow NH716 for 130 km, passing through smaller towns like Naidupeta.
g. You will arrive at Tirupati, where you can visit the famous Sri Venkateswara Temple.
Draw a route map from Vijayawada to Tirupati with clear labels for each landmark and a line representing the route. Use symbols for landmarks to make your map visually engaging!

Exercise

Question 1.
In 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, 184 countries sent their athletes to compete in various games. With 594 athletes, the United States had the largest delegation at the Olympics and won 40 gold medals, 44 silver and 42 bronze. Following the U.S, France with 572 athletes and won 16 gold, 26 silver and 22 bronze medals. Australia with 460 athletes won 18 gold, 19 silver and 16 bronze medals. Germany with 427 athletes won 12 gold, 13 silver and 8 bronze medals and India with 110 athletes won 1 silver and 5 bronze. (source: @CBS NEWS). Draw a table to depict the above information.
Answer:

Country	Athletes Sent	Gold Medals	Silver Med­als	Bronze Medals	Total Medals
United States	594	40	44	42	126
France	572	16	26	22	64
Australia	460	18	19	16	53
Germany	427	12	13	8	33
India	110	0	1	5	6

Question 2.
Topic: Modes of Transportation A city survey recorded the preferred modes of daily transportation among its residents :

• Public Transport : 40% of the residents.
• Private-Vehicles – cars : 20% of the residents.
• Private Vehicles – bikes: 25% of the residents.
• Cycling : 5% of the residents.
• Walking: 10% of the residents.

Represent this data as a pie chart.
Answer:

Question 3.
A well-planned vegan diet focuses on whole, plant-based foods and excludes all animal-derived products. A raw High-Carb, Low-Fat (HCLF) vegan diet typically includes carbohydrates, with about 80% of the total calories coming from fruits, vegetables, and other carbohydrate-rich foods. Proteins, often sourced from nuts, seeds, leafy greens, and legumes, make up approximately 10% of the calorie intake. Similarly, fats, derived from sources like avocados, nuts, and seeds, also account for 10% of total calories. This proportion supports a high-energy, nutrient-dense eating style while minimizing fat intake. Represent this data by a pie chart.
Answer:

Question 4.
A student’s performance in different subjects is as given in the table. Convert the following table into a bar-graph.

Subject	Marks
English	85
Second language	89
Mathematics	90
Science	78
Social studies	88
Hindi	89
Project	70

Answer:

Question 5.
The human nervous system is classified into Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Brain is the centre of the CNS consisting of Cerebrum (responsible for voluntary actions, emotions, and sensory perception) and Cerebellum (controls balance and coordination).

The Brainstem regulates heart rate, breathing, and reflexes and the Spinal Cord connects the brain to the rest of the body. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) has the following: Somatic Nervous System which controls voluntary movements (e.g., skeletal muscles) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). It is further divided into Sympathetic Nervous System (“Fight or flight” response) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (“Rest and digest” response). Represent the above classification of the human nervous system in the form of a tree diagram.
Answer:

Question 6.
India experiences six primary seasons, each with unique characteristics. Spring, known as Vasanta in Hindi, occurs from March to May (corresponding to the months chait and Baisakh in the Hindi calendar). Summer, or Grishma, spans May to July, aligning with the Hindi months Jeth and Asarh. The rainy season, referred to as Varsha, lasts from July to September and corresponds to the Hindi months Sawan and Bhadon.

Autumn, called Sharada, extends from September to November, represented by the Hindi months Ashwin and Kartik. Winter, or Hemanta, is observed from November to January, covering the Hindi months Aghan and Pausha. Lastly, the cold season, known as Shishira, occurs from January to March, coinciding with the Hindi months Magha and Phalgun. Convert this information into a table diagram.
Answer:

English Name	Hindi Name	Gregorian Months	Hindi Calendar Months
Spring	Vasanta	March to May	Chait and Baisakh
Summer	Grishma	May to July	Jeth and Asarh
Rainy Sea­son	Varsha	July to September	Sawan and Bhadon
Autumn	Sharada	September to Novem­ber	Ashwin and Kartik
Winter	Hemanta	November to January	Aghan and Pausha
Cold Season	Shishira	January to March	Magha and Phalgun

Question 7.
You are planning a trip from your house to the local park. Along the way, you will pass several landmarks, including a grocery store, a library, a bus stop, and a cafe. Use the following instructions to draw a route map showing your journey: Start from your house. Turn to your left and walk till you reach a grocery shop on your right.

Once you cross the grocery shop you will come to a T- junction. There take left and walk till you reach Public Library on your right. Just beside by the library there’s a pathway that leads to the bus stop. On crossing the busstop take left turn at the cafe. In two minutes you will reach the park. Draw the map with clear labels for each landmark and a line to represent the route you will take. Include symbols for the landmarks to make your map visually engaging!
Answer:

Question 8.
In a public library, visitors are categorised based on their purpose of visit. The librarian recorded the following data over four days:

• Monday: 45 visitors for borrowing books, 78 for reading, 32 for internet use.
• Tuesday: 50 for borrowing books, 85 for reading, 40 for internet use.
• Wednesday: 55 for borrowing books, 92 for reading, 35 for internet use.
• Thursday: 60 for borrowing books, 88 for reading, 42 for internet use.

Based on this data, draw a bar graph representing the number of visitors in each category over the four days. Use different colours for borrowing books, reading, and internet use for clarity.
Answer:

Question 9.
The Ramayana, divided into seven parts or kandas, narrates the life and adventures of Lord Rama and his companions. Bala Kanda details the origins of Rama and his brothers, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna.

Ayodhya Kanda depicts the events leading to Rama’s 14-year exile. Aranya Kanda chronicles the final year of exile, featuring Rama defeating demons, Sita’s abduction by Ravana. In Kishkindha Kanda, Rama aids Sugriva in defeating Vali, and Hanuman’s southern army discovers Sita’s location in Lanka.

Sundara Kanda focuses on Hanuman’s adventures, while Yuddha Kanda recounts the epic war between Rama and Ravana, culminating in Ravana’s defeat and Sita’s Agni Pareeksha. Rama’s exile ends with his celebrated return to Ayodhya. Finally, Uttara Kanda describes the later years, including Sita’s banishment, the birth of Lava and Kusha, and their upbringing by Valmiki. Show this information into a tree diagram.
Answer:

Question 10.
You are a student at Government Junior College, Guntur. You have won first prize in an elocution competition and need to visit the Collectorate, Guntur, to receive your award from the District Collector. Since you do not know the way to Collectorate, your friend provides you with the following directions.

Directions : Start at Government Junior College near Naaz Centre in Sambasiva Pet, Guntur. Exit the college and turn left to reach a T-junction. At the junction, turn left and continue until you reach the traffic signals at the crossroads. There, turn right and go straight for approximately 800 metres. You will see Police Parade Ground (PPG) on your left. The Collectorate entrance gate is directly opposite the PPG.

Task Based on the directions, draw a route map with clear labels for each landmark. Use a line to represent the path you will take and include symbols for the landmarks to make your map visually engaging.
Answer: