Students can go through AP 8th Class Maths Notes Chapter 5 Data Handling to understand and remember the concepts easily.
Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Notes Data Handling
→ Data mostly available to us in an unorganised form is called raw data.
→ In order to draw meaningful inferences from any data, we need to organise the data systematically.
→ Frequency gives the number of times that a particular entry occurs.
→ Raw data can be ‘grouped’ and presented systematically through ‘grouped frequency distribution’.
→ Grouped data can be presented using histogram. Histogram is a type of bar diagram, where the class intervals are shown on the horizontal axis and the heights of the bars show the frequency of the class interval. Also, there is no gap between the bars as there is no gap between the class intervals.
→ Data can also presented using circle graph or pie chart. A circle graph shows the relationship between a whole and its part.
→ There are certain experiments whose outcomes have an equal chance of occurring.
→ A random experiment is one whose outcome cannot be predicted exactly in advance.
→ Outcomes of an experiment are equally likely if each has the same chance of occurring.
→ Probability of an event = \(\frac{\text { Number of outcomes that make an event }}{\text { Total number of outcomes of the experiment }}\), when the outcomes are equally likely
→ One or more outcomes of an experiment make an event.
→ Chances and probability are related to real life.
→ Particular information of a group is called data.
For example :
- No. of people above age of 60 years of a village is a data.
- Total production of wheat/paddy in a district is (Mandal/Village Wise) a data.
- Rainfall recordings related to a climate zone is another data.
- Wickets taken by a bowler against a team in IPL/World Cup season wise is also data.
Like this any particular information related to a group is called ‘Data’.
To understand more/to plan further/ to expect the future and for many instances, the study of this DATA.is more and more useful.
Now a days and nearest future we are going to deal with ‘data banks’ like our currency banks.
The study of this data is called ‘Data Science’.
The person who is expert in this data science is called ’Data Scientist’.
One who analyse this data to interpret more is called ’Data analyser’.
These are very common words we are looking now-a-days.
When a data is represented by symbols then it is called as ‘pictograph’ (pictograph).
Many times it is easy and good to see data in graphically.
A Pictograph gives us a quick under-standing and we can quick respond to many questions related to a pictograph.
→ Bar graph or Histogram: A Bargraph is a display of information using bars of uniform width and their heights being proportional to the respective values. Bar heights give the quantity for each category and Bars are of equal width with equal gaps in between.
→ Double Bar graph : A bar graph show¬ing two sets of data simultaneuously is called double bar graph. It is for quick comparison.
For example :
No. of girls and boys class wise in a year No. of overs bowled Vs No. of extra runs gives.
No. of marks in each subject in SAI and SAII
These types of information can be dis-played in double bargraphs.
