AP 8th Class Biology Notes Chapter 3 Crop Production and Management
→ Agricultural Practices : The different activities performed from ploughing upto harvesting are called agricultural parctices.
→ Animal Husbandry : The large scale rearing of animals in farms by providing them proper food, shelter and care is called animal husbandry.
→ Crop : When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
→ Fertiliser : Fertilizers are chemicals which are rich in a particular nutrient.
→ Granaries : These are the huge storing places of grains, where grains are protected from the attacks of microbes, insects and rats.
→ Harvesting : The cutting of crop after it’s maturity is called harvesting.
→ Irrigation : The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation.
→ Kharif : The crops which are grown in Kharif season (or) rainy season (June – September) (or) The time between June to September is known as Kharif.
→ Manure : The decomposed organic matter obtained from plant or animal waste.
→ Plough : The agricultural tool used for tilling or ploughing is known as plough.
→ Rabi : The crops which grow in winter season, that is from October to March (or) The time between October – March is known as Rabi.
→ Seeds : A plant’s fertilised ovules, from which a new plant may arise are called seeds.
→ Silo : The large metal containers, which can store huge quantities of grains safely are known as ‘Silo’.
→ Sowing : The method of putting seeds in the soil.
→ Storage : Grains have to be protected from pests and rats for a long time in gunny bags, silos and granaries.
→ Threshing : In the harvested crop, the grain seeds need to be seperated from the chaff. This process is called threshing.
→ Weeds : The undesirable plants that may grow naturally along with the crop, are called weeds.
→ Weedicide : The chemical which are used to control weeds are called weedicides.
→ Winnowing : The process of separation of grain and chaff by farmers with small holdings of land is called winnowing.
→ We need energy to perform our daily activities. Energy is derived from plants and animals. We get our food from plants or animals or both.
→ In order to provide food for a large population – regular production, proper management and distribution is necessary.
→ Same kind of plants cultivated at a place on a large scale is called a crop.
→ The process of yielding crops is called agriculture.
→ In our country, we have two broad cropping patterns are identified. They are
- Kharif crops; Which are sown in the rainy season (June to September)
- Rabi crops – Which are given in the winter season (October to March)
→ Before growing crops ploughing the soil properly is necessary. wooden plough is generally used for ploughing leveller is used for levelling the field. Levelling is very beneficial for sowing as well as irrigation.
→ Selection of good quality seeds is an important step in agriculture.
→ Sowing of seeds at appropriate depths and distances gives good yield. Sowing is done by seed – drills.
→ Farmers have to add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients. It is called manuring. Farmers use chemical fertilizers to improve the fertility of the soil.
→ Even though the fertilizers have helped to get better yield of crops, they become the source of water pollution.
→ The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. Wells, tube wells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams and canals are the sources of irrigation in India.
→ Now a days, farmers are using modern irrigation methods like sprinklers and drip system, they save water and a boon to low water availability lands.
→ Farmers have to remove weeds from the crop fields. They use physical methods like hand picking and using Khurpi, Seed drill is also used to uproot the weeds.
→ Harvesting is the cutting of the mature crop manually or by harvester.
→ A machine called “combine” which is infact a harvester as well as thresher.
→ Proper storage of grains is necessary to protect them from pests and micro organisms.
→ Food is also obtained from animals for which animals are reared at home or farms. This large scale rearing of animals in farms is called animal husbandry.