Crop Production and Management Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers

These AP 8th Class Biology Important Questions and 3rd Lesson Crop Production and Management Class 8 Extra Questions will help students prepare well for the exams.

Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management Extra Questions

Crop Production and Management Class 8 Important Questions

Question 1.
What are Kharif crops ?
Answer:
The crops grown in the rainy season are termed as Kharif. It sta rts from June to September.

Question 2.
What are Rabi crops ?
Answer:
The crops grown in winter season are called Rabi. It starts from October to March.

Question 3.
What do farmers do to prepare the soil ?
Answer:
Ploughing is done with a wooden plough and levelling will be done by using a soil plank being pulled by a pair of bullocks.

Question 4.
Why do farmers do medication before sowing seeds ?
Answer:
Medication is done to keep seeds away from the harmful microorganisms like bacteria, fungus etc.

Question 5.
Why do farmers add manure to the soil ?
Answer:
If the farmer grows same; type of crops in the same field every year the nutrients of the soil decrease crops do not give good yield. So, farmers add manure for healthy growth of plants.

Question 6.
Name some chemical fertilizers.
Answer:
Urea, D.A.P., superphosphate, potash,which are enriched with nitrogen, phosphorous and potash.

Question 7.
What is irrigation ?
Answer:
The process of watering crop plants in the field is known as irrigation.

Question 8.
Why is water logging; harmful ?
Answer:
Water logging is harmful because it does not allow the roots to breathe.

Question 9.
What is drip irrigation method ?
Answer:
This method is employed when the availability of water is poor. The water reaches the plants drop by drop.

Question 10.
Why should the weeds be removed ?
Answer:
The weeds compete with the primary crops for nutrients, water and light and the prime plants may not grow. Hence weeds should be removed.

Question 11.
What is harvesting ?
Answer:
Collecting grains from the crop by cutting the matured plant is called harvesting.

Question 12.
Why is storage of grain is an important task ?
Answer:
We do not consume the entire crop at a time. They can be damage by fungi, pests, rats and bacteria. To over come this problem farmers dry the grains in sun and store the grain in jute bags, metallic and bamboo bins.

Question 13.
Give two examples; of plants that grow with transplanting.
Answer:
Paddy, Wheat, Chilli, Onion etc.

Question 14.
What are the weedi r ides ? Give one example.
Answer:
The chemicals that are used to kill weeds are called weedicides. Ex : 2, 4 – D.

Question 15.
What is sowing ?
Answer:
The process of putting seeds and cover them with soil is called sowing.

Question 16.
What is manure ?
Answer:
The decomposed organic matter obtained from plant or animal waste is known as manure.

Question 17.
What are granaries ?
Answer:
The harvested grains are stored in huge stories, after they are properly dried in sunlight. Such stores are called granaries.

Question 18.
What is harvesting ?
Answer:
The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.

Question 19.
What is threshing ?
Answer:
The process of separation of seeds from the chaff in the harvested plant is called threshing.

Question 20.
What is winnowing ?
Answer:
A process to bring out separation of grain and chaff is called winnowing.

Question 21.
What is tilling ?
Answer:
The process of loosening and turning the soil is called tilling.

Question 22.
Name some tools used in agriculture.
Answer:
Plough, hoe, sickle, seed drill, leveller cultivator, sprayer etc.

Question 23.
What is crop rotation ?
Answer:
Growing crops alternatively in the crop field is called crop rotation.

Question 24.
What is the use of crop rotation ?
Answer:
Crop rotation replenishes the soil with nutrients.

Question 25.
What are the sources of irrigation ?
Answer:
The sources of water for irrigation are wells, tube wells, ponds, lakes, rivers dams and canals.

Question 26.
What are traditional methods of irrigation ?
Answer:

1. Moat (Pulley system)
2. Chain pump
3. Dhekli
4. Rahat (lever system)

Question 27.
Mention the modern methods of irrigation.
Answer:
Sprinkler system and Drip system are modern methods of irrigation.

Question 28.
Write some harvest festivals celebrated in India.
Answer:
Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya and Bihu are the harvest festivals celebrated in India.

Question 29.
How do food grains stored in godowns ?
Answer:
For storing large quantities of grains in big godowns, specific chemical treatments are required to protect them from pests and micro organisms.

Question 30.
What is animal husbandry ?
Answer:
Large scale rearing of animal at forms by providing them proper food, shelter and care is called animal husbandry.

Crop Production and Management Extra Questions

Question 1.
Ramaiah’s field is flattened. Somaiah’s field has many up and downs. Who will get more crop ?
Answer:

1. Generally the fields have a lot of ups and downs even after ploughing. So a leveller is used for levelling the soil.
2. By levelling the soil, it becomes flattened, water and nutrients can be reached to every part of the land. It also helps in sowing seeds and planting.
3. Because Ramaiah’s field is flattened, he will get more produce than Somaiah.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of ploughing ?
Answer:
Before growing crops ploughing the soil properly is necessary.
Advantages:

1. Ploughing loosens the soil and it helps in easier transportation of air and water.
2. Water is stored deeply for a long time as the soil is soft.
3. Roots penetrate in the deep and can respire well as the air enters easily into the soil.
4. Friendly microorganisms and earthworms can grow well when the soil is soft.
5. Some foe ifiicroorganisms die due to the sun rays.

Question 3.
Why do farmers plough their field during summer ?
Answer:

1. Ploughing loosens the soil and it helps in easier transportation of air and water.
2. In summer temperature is very high. So the soil becomes dry. Then the soil becomes very loosly.
3. Some foe microorganisms die due to the sunrays.

Question 4.
What are the different tasks involved in agriculture ?
Answer:

1. Preparation of soil
2. Sowing
3. Adding manure and fertilizers
4. Irrigation
5. Protecting from weeds
6. Harvesting
7. Storage

Question 5.
What is Hoe ? What is it’s use ?
Answer:

1. Hoe is a simple tool which is used to remove weeds and for loosening the soil.
2. It has a long rod of wood or iron.

Question 6.
How is field hallow is useful in replenishing the soil ?
Answer:

1. When we leave the field without growing any crop on it, a lot of humus grow in it along with soil bacteria.
2. Soil becomes rich in nutrients.
3. The soil is replenished with rich nutrients.

Question 7.
How do you remove weeds from the field ?
Answer:

1. Tilling of farm before sowing. This helps in uprooting the weeds.
2. Weeding should be done before they produce flowers.
3. Physical removal of weeds should be done from time to time using Khurpi or a tractor driven harrow.
4. Rotation of crops is also useful in control is contoling weeds.
5. Weedicides like 2 – 4 D are used to kill weeds in crop fields.

Question 8.
How should we store food grains ?
Answer:

1. Harvested grains should be safe from moisture, insects, rats and micro organisms.
2. If freshly harvested grains are stored without drying they met get attacked by organisms making them unfit for use or germination.
3. Grains should be dried properly in the sun to reduce the moisture. This prevent the attack of pests, rats, bacteria and fungi.

Question 9.
Draw a neat diagram of plough and label its parts.
Answer:

Question 10.
Draw a neat sketch of hoe and label its parts.
Answer:

Question 11.
Draw a neat sketch that shows sprinkler system.
Answer:

Question 12.
Draw a neat sketch showing drip irrigation.
Answer:

Question 13.
Due to the different climatic conditions there are two broad cropping patterns in 1 India. What are they ?
Answer:
The two cropping patterns are :
i) Kharif crops
ii) Rabi crops

i) Kharif crops : The crops which are grown in the rainy season are called Kharif crops. The rainy season in India is from June to September. Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut and cotton are Kharif crops.

ii) Rabi crops : The crops grown in winter season from October to March are called Rabi crops. Examples of Rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseeds. Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at many places.

Question 14.
What are the disadvantages of excessive use of fertilizers ?
Answer:

1. The soil fertility decreases.
2. Fertilisers have also become sources of water pollution.

Question 15.
Arrange the sequence of events in the cultivation of paddy crop.

Answer:

Question 16.
Write different methods of irrigation of a crop in the field.
Answer:
Different methods of irrigation are :
1) Traditional methods:
i) Moat (Pulley system)
ii) Chain pump
iii) Dhekli and
iv)Rahat (Lever system)

2) Modern methods:
i) Sprinkler system
ii) Drip system

Question 17.
If you are given a dry piece of land for cultivation what will you do before sowing the seeds ? a
Answer:

1. The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop.
2. The most important tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil.
3. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily.
4. The organisms like earthworms and microbes, which are farmer’s friends they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.
5. Turning and .loosening of soil brings the nutrients rich soil to the top so that plants can use theste nutrients.
6. So before sowing of seeds it is necessary to plough the soil using a plough which is made of wood.

Extra Questions of Crop Production and Management Class 8

Question 1.
What is natural manure ? How to prepare it ? Give two examples.
Answer:
Natural manure : A manure made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) wastes is called natural manure or natural fertilizer or Bio Fertilizer.

Preparation:

1. These fertilizers are formed by decomposing plant and animal wastes.
2. In rural areas farmers keep these plant and animal wastes outside the village in open space.
3. Some bacteria like Azatobacter, Nitrobacter decompose and it becomes manure which contain nutrients.
4. Wherever the manure is added to the soil, there it provides nutrients to the plants. Examples : Vermi compost, Dung fertilizer.

Question 2.
Let us compare both, which manure is beneficial.

Chemical fertilizers	Natural fertilizers
1. These are made up of inorganic salts.	1. These are made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) wastes.
2. These are prepared in factories.	2. These are prepared in open places.
3. No humus can be found.	3. Deposits of humus layer is found in the soil.
4. More amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash deposits in the soil.	4. Potash deposits in the soil.

Observe the table carefully, discuss with your teacher and conclude which fertilizer is best to the farmers and why?
Answer:
Natural fertilizer is the best because this is made by the decomposition of plants and animal (organic) waste. Deposits of humus layer is found in the soil with less amount. . of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potash deposits in the soil.

a) When do farmers irrigate the land ?
Answer:
After applying manure farmers irrigate the land.

b) List out the water resources of your village.
Answer:
Wells, ponds, canals, tanks are the water resources.

c) Are they useful to your farmers ?
Answer:
Yes. They are useful.

d) In what way the farmers of your village get water to the fields ?
Answer:
Farmers irrigate their fields either manually using bullocks or by using pumps.

Question 3.
What is a seed drill ? How is it useful ?
Answer:
Seed drill :

1. The seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors.
2. This sows the seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth.
3. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing.
4. This protects seeds from being eaten by birds.
5. Sowing by using seed drill saves time and labour.
6. The distance between the seeds is necessary to avoid over crowding of plants.
7. This allows plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from soil.

Question 4.
What are the benifits of crop rotation ?
Answer:

1. By growing leguminous crops in the field, the nitrogen fixation takes place. So, Nitrogen levels increase in the soil.
2. Soil fertility increases.
3. Crop yield increases.
4. Crop rotation prevents the attack of pests on crops.
5. Crop rotation helps in the replenishment of soil nutrients.

Question 5.
How do farmers prepare organic manure for their fields ?
Answer:

1. Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes.
2. Farmers dump plant and animal waste in pits at open places and allow it to decompose.
3. The decomposition is caused by the decomposing bacteria.
4. The decomposed matter is used as organic manure.

Question 6.
What are the uses of water to the crop plants ?
Answer:
Uses of water to the crop :

1. Water is important for proper growth and development.
2. Water is absorbed by the plant roots.
3. Along With water, minerals and fertilis ers are also absorbed.
4. Plants contain nearly 90% water. It is essential because germination of seeds does not take place under dry conditions.
5. Nutrients dissolved in water are transported to each part of the plant.
6. Water also protects the crop from both frost and hot air currents.
7. To maintain the moisture of the soil for healthy crop growth, fields have to be watered , regularly.

Question 7.
Why do selection of seeds is important; step in agriculture ?
Answer:

1. Sowing of seeds in the field is an important task in agriculture.
2. Production of crop is mostly dependent on quality of seeds.
3. Before sowing seeds farmer select the seeds.
4. The healthy seeds give healthy crop.
5. After harvesting farmer selects more weighing seeds and healthy seeds and store them for future use. This is called selection.
6. Before sowing farmer drop seeds into a bucket of water. Some seeds float they remove all the floated and soak the sunken seeds in water for a day and dry and keep to sprout in warm, moist and dark place.

Question 8.
What are weeds ? Why do farmers remove them ?
Answer:

1. Weeds: The undesirable plants which grow naturally along with the crop are called Weeds.
2. The removal of weeds is called Weeding.
3. Weeding is necessary since weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients space and light.
4. Thus, they affect the growth of the crop.
5. Some weeds interfere even in harvesting and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.
6. So, weeds should be removed.
7. Farmers adopt many ways to remove weeds and control their growth.
8. Removal of weeds manually by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground from time to time.
9. Khurpi is used to remove weeds.
10. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals called Weedicides like 2, 4 – D (Di chloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid).

Question 9.
Terms related to agricultural practice are given below. Rearrange them in the correct sequence.
Answer:
Harvesting, sowing, manuring, tilling and ploughing, irrigation, weeding.

Answer:

Question 10.
Raju is unable to grow crops in his fie ld even after following these steps in the given order.
1) Preparation of soil
2) Irrigating the field
3) Sowing seeds
4) Adding fertilizers or manure
5) Harvesting
6) Protection from weed
7) Storage

Write the correct order of steps Raju should follow to grow crops successfully.
Answer:
1) Preparation of soil
2) Sowing seeds
3) Adding fertilizers or manure
4) Irrigating the field
5) Protection from weed
6) Harvesting
7) Storage