Class 9

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 6th Lesson Agriculture in India Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 6th Lesson Agriculture in India

9th Class Social Studies 6th Lesson Agriculture in India Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:

• Tea is an important beverage crop.
• The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
• Fertile, well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter is essential.
• Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year.
• Frequent showers are necessary.

Question 2.
The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:

• The land under cultivation has been reducing due to the competition for land between non-agricultural uses such as housing, etc.
• As a result, the productivity of India has started showing a declining trend.
• That would lead to the scarcity of food grains in future and in turn poverty and drought situation would prevail in our country.

Question 3.
On an outline map of India show millet producing areas.
Answer:

Question 4.
What is a Minimum Support Price (MSP)? Why is a MSP needed?
Answer:
1) A Minimum Support Price is a price at which the farmers can sell their grain, if they want, to the Government.
2) The Government sets the MSP so as to cover the cost of cultivation and allow a little bit of profit to the farmer.
3) Thus the farmer, produced far markets within the country.
4) The farmers are not forced to sell their grains at cheaper prices to the traders.

Question 5.
Explain all the ways the Indian government supported the Green Revolution.
Answer:

• The Green Revolution was initially introduced in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and in some parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu.
• The Government introduced new kinds of seeds, known as High Yielding Varieties to the Indian soils.
• It was also accompanied by use of chemical fertilizers, machinery such as tractors, and others besides irrigation facilities.
• A variety of cooperative banks were set up to provide credit to farmers so that they buy raw materials such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, machinery required for modern farming.

Question 6.
Do you think it is important for India to be self-sufficient in food grain production? Discuss.
Answer:

• A large portion of our population especially children and poor communities are unable to get adequate nutrition.
• Whenever there were little rains, drought situations prevailed. This led to decrease in food production and forced government to import food grains.
• To avoid these kind of situations we should be self-sufficient in food grain production.
• A large stock of food grains has built-up with the government through Food
  Corporation of India that could be used in case of shortage and can avoid drought and famine situations in our country.

Question 7.
How is dry land agriculture different from agriculture in other areas?
Answer:

• 45% of the cultivable land which cannot easily be irrigated and depend solely on rainfall is known as dryland in our country.
• Unlike the cultivation of irrigated lands, dryland farming poses different challenges.
  a) Conserving rainfall that the area receives is the first step. This is done through watershed development programme which includes afforestation, bunding, building check-dams, and tanks.
  b) Fertility of the soil needs to be raised by adding organic manure.
  c) Farmers may also need new varieties of seeds suitable for different regions, knowledge about the best ways of growing a mix of crops on the same land etc.
  Hence farming in dryland is different from other areas.

Question 8.
Can you recall the incidents such as pesticides being found in soft drinks? How is this related to the use of pesticides? Discuss.
Answer:

• The use of pesticides is polluting underground water.
• The soft drink factories use this underground water for making soft drinks.
• Hence undissolved pesticides are seen in soft drink.

Question 9.
Why is chemical fertilizer used in new farming methods? How could use of fertilizers make soil less fertile ? What are the alternative ways of enriching soil?
Answer:

• The chemical fertilizers are used to increase production of crops.
• But the chemical fertilizers are basically made for petro-chemicals. And eventually remain in the soil.
• As a result, many micro organisms like earth worms are destroyed.
• These micro organisms increase the fertlity of the soil. But these are detroyed and hence this, in turn, affects the long run fertility of the soil.
• The alternative ways of enriching soil, like vermicompost, can be used to increase the fertility of the soil.

Question 10.
How has the Green Revolution in some areas resulted in short-term gains but longterm losses to farmers?
Answer:

• In Green Revoluton, the farmers are encouraged to pump ground water to water-intensive crops in low rainfall areas.
• This unsustainable pumping has reduced water storage in ground.
• Consequently, many wells and tubewells have run dry.
• More over the use of chemical fertilizers has also affected the long-term fertility of the soil. Hence we can say that Green Revolution has short-term gains and long term losses.

Question 11.
What could be the effects of foreign trade on farmers’ income?
Answer:

• Foreign trade could cause farmers’ income to fluctuate a lot.
• In certain years and for certain crops the farmers might gain from exports.
• In other years, farmers could lose because of cheap imports and fall in prices of farm products.
• Small farmers without much savings will not be able to bear this loss.
• They will be caught in debt trap and become poorer.
• Hence the government must be careful in allowing trade in farm products.

Question 12.
In earlier classes we have studied about land distribution. How does the following image reflect this idea? Write a paragraph about this in the context of Indian agriculture.

Answer:
In India more than 70% of the farmers are having only small and marginal holdings,
i. e., Less than 2 hectares and hence most of these farms are not viable. The small farmers cannot produce enough to meet even their basic requirements of their families. They can invest more in agriculture to increase production. They are unable to get financial assistances.
Caption : “A man of sixty acres :
A group of six feet”.

Question 13.
Read the para under the title ‘Fertilizer Problems’ on page 70 and comment on it.

Fertilizer Problems : Manure and compost contain humus and living organisms that slowly release minerals as they decompose. Chemical fertilizers provide minerals (usually nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants, but may not be retained in the soil for long. They may be leached from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers, and lakes. Chemical fertilizers (as well as pesticides) can also kill bacteria and other organisms in the soil. This means that some time after their use, the soil will be less fertile than ever before. Without micro-organisms, the soil will be dependent on frequent addition of more and more chemical fertilizers. The variety of nutrients which are normally produced by micro-organisms may also be reduced. Thus, in many areas, the Green Revolution has actually resulted in a loss of soil fertility and ever-increasing costs to farmers.

Answer:

• The main environmental problem associated with fertilizer use is contamination of water with nitrates and phosphates.
• Elevated nitrogen levels in drinking water.
• Environmental pollution is a significant problem. But while most of the focus is placed on polluting industries, toxins like mercury and small particle traffic pollution, a major source of environmental devastation is caused by modern food production. Far from being life sustaining, our modern chemical dependent farming methods.

– Strip soil of nutrients
– Destroy critical soil microbes.
– Contribute to desertification and global climate change, and
– Saturate form lands with toxic pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers that then migrate into ground water, rivers, lakes and oceans.

Question 14.
Observe the map given in the page 74 and locate the States where paddy is grown in the India outline map.

Answer:

1. Punjab
2. Haryana
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. Bihar
5. West Bengal
6. Chattisgarh
7. Odisha
8. Telangana
9. Andhra Pradesh
10. Karnataka
11. Tamilnadu

Question 15.
Which crops are grown in your area? Which of these are grown from HYV seeds and which ones are grown from traditional seeds? Compare the HYV seeds and the traditional seeds with regard to each of the following points :
a) duration of crop
b) number of times irrigated
c) production
d) fertilisers
e) diseases
f) pesticides
Answer:
1. Paddy, sugarcane, maize, pulses are grown in our area.
2. Paddy is grown from HYV seeds and the remaining are grown from traditional seeds.
3.

	HYV Seeds	Traditional Seeds
Duration of crop	Less	More
No. of times irrigated	Least	More
Production (comparatively)	More	Less
Fertilisers	Nominal quantity	Large quantity
Diseases	Least chancess	More chances
Pesticides	Right quantity	More quantity

Question 16.
Conduct a Debate : Make the students two teams. One team should support chemical fertilizers and another should support organic farming.
Answer:
Teacher conducts this Debate.
Example : In agriculture it is better to be followed organic fertilizers.
Reasons :
Pesticides can enter the human body.
There is a chance of groundwater damage.
The use of fertilizers can reduce the natural nutrients on the soil surface, etc.

9th Class Social Studies 6th Lesson Agriculture in India InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name some of the states of India where such farming is practised? (Text Book Page No. 59)
Answer:
Punjab, Haryana, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh and some parts of Rajasthan.

Question 2.
Give some more examples of crops which may be commercial in one region and may provide subsistence in another region. (Text Book Page No. 60)
Answer:
1) In Haryana and Punjab, rice is a commercial crop whereas in Odisha it is a subsistence crop.
2) In Punjab, maize is a commercial crop whereas in Jharkhand it is a subsistence crop.

Question 3.
Distinguish which of these pulses are grown in the kharif season and which are grown in the rabi season? (Text Book Page No. 62)
Answer:
Pulses grown in the Kharif season :
Red gram, Black gram and Green gram.

Pulses grown in Rabi season :
Peas, Bean, Chickling vetch and Lentil.

Question 4.
Complete the bar diagram given on P.65 in Textbook and find out the percentage of cultivators and agricultural labourers in 1971 and 2001 respectively. (Text Book Page No. 65)
Answer:

1. Student’s activity.
2. Percentage of cultivators in 1971 = 62
3. Percentage of agricultural labourers in 2001 = 46

Question 5.
In which decades the food grains yields grow fast? What could be probable reasons for this? (Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
The food grains yields grew fast between 1980 – 1990, 2000 – 2010.
The green revolution helped farmers to produce higher level of food grains.

Question 6.
Can organic farming produce enough food for all? (Text Book Page No. 72)
Answer:
If some measures are taken, I think, organic farming can produce food for all.

Question 7.
How is organic farming especially suited for small and marginal farmers? Discuss. (Text Book Page No. 72)
Answer:
Large sections of farmers in India and their land holdings are small and marginal.
Their access to external inputs is limited and their ability to improve production is low. Globalisation and the opening up of the trade barriers among the nations have resulted in the decline of agricultural prices in the local markets to the detriment of the interests of these small and marginal farmers. Thus organic farming especially is suited for small and marginal farmers.

Question 8.
Read the following table. (Text Book Page No. 66)
Number of farmers and land they possess in India (2010 – 2011)

Complete the data in the table and the explanation in the following passage below.
Majority of farmers operate only small plots of lands. A typical Indian marginal farmer has only aboutacres to cultivate. There are 924 lakh farmers so that ..(2)..% of all farmers are marginal. If we add up the number of small and marginal farmers they form …(3)..% of all farmers. However, even though in percentage terms medium and large farmers is small, the number in absolute terms is large. ..(4)…lakh farmers can be together considered to be in this group. They have a powerful voice in rural areas. This group of large and medium farmers together operate …(5)…% of the land. Each large farmer for example on an average operates ..(6)..acres of land. Compare this with each marginal farmer who operates on an average ..(7)..acres of land. This inequality in distribution of land explains the inequalities in opportunities that they experience, the pov¬erty or growth opportunity that they face.
Answer:

1. 2.5
2. 67%
3. 85%
4. 69
5. 32%
6. 42.9 acres
7. 0.95 acres.

Question 9.
Discuss the differences between self employment and looking for work using examples from your region. (Text Book Page No. 65)
Answer:
1. In self employment, people create their own employment and earn their livelihood. They do not depend either on government or an any other persons for their livelihood.
e.g.: Working in their own farms, opening a shop or public telephone booth or establishing a small organization like manufacturing of candles, matchboxes, etc.

2. On the other hand, some people cannot create their own employment. They generally depend either on government or on any other organization or a person for earning their livelihood.
e.g.: Working in the fields or others, or in a shop or working as government servant, etc.

Question 10.
Do you think that some families who were earlier cultivators are becoming agricultural labourers now? Discuss. (Text Book Page No. 65)
Answer:
Reasons:

1. Small land holdings
2. Dependency on seasons for rainfall
3. High rate of interests on loans
4. Very low minimum support price
5. Lack of technology
6. Big families and
7. Some rituals.
   All these changed the cultivators as agricultural labourers.

Question 11.
In which areas were the new methods of agriculture first tried? Why was the whole country not covered? (Text Book Page No. 68)
Answer:
1. The new methods were initially implemented in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and in some districts of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu.

2. The HYV seeds required a lot of water and these areas were already irrigated.
Hence the new methods were introduced in these areas.

Question 12.
Why are different methods necessary for dry land areas? (Text Book Page No. 68)
Answer:

• 45% of the land which cannot be irrigated are known as dry lands.
• It would be very difficult and expensive to irrigate these dry lands.
• These areas must depend solely on rainfall.
  Hence different methods are necessary for dry land areas.

Question 13.
How increase in buffer stock would help to avoid situations of drought and famines? (Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:

• A large stock of food grains should be maintained with the government.
• That buffer stock could be used in case of shortage of food grains and can also be used to supply foodgrains to inaccessible areas.
• We can also avoid drought and famine like situations in our country.

Question 14.
How farmers were able to raise higher amount of food grains on the same plot of land over the years? (Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
The use of High Yielding Varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, machinery, etc. made the farmers to raise higher amount of food grains on the same plot of land over the years.

Question 15.
Why did not the Indian government allow farmers to export foodgrains during the Green Revolution years? (Text Book Page No. 71)
Answer:
There would be a shortage of food grains if the government allows farmers to export food grains. So the government did not allow farmers to export food grains.

Question 16.
Why should government ban exports /import ? How does this policy help Indian farmers? (Text Book Page No. 71)
Answer:
Foreign trade could cause farmers income to fluctuate a lot. In some years farmers could lose because of cheap imports and fall in prices of farm products. So the exports ad imports should be banned.

Small farmers will not be able to bear this loss. They will get caught in debt trap and become poorer. So this ban helps the Indian farmers in preventing them from debts and heavy losses.

Question 17.
Use an atlas of India to find the locations of the below mentioned dams and mark them on a map of India. Also label the names of the major rivers on which these dams were built. (Text Book Page No. 67)
Answer:

1. Bhakra-Nangal Project (Punjab)
2. Nagarjuna Sagar Project (Telangana & Andhra Pradesh)
3. Hirakund Project (Odisha)
4. Damodar Valley (West Bengal)
5. Gandhi Sagar (Madhya Pradesh)

Question 18.
In your opinion, what would be the minimum amount of land required to do viable farming which would give a farmer a decent earning. How many farmers in the table Page No. 66 are doing viable farming? (Text Book Page No. 66)
Answer:
The minimum amount of land required to do viable farming may be 2 acres in my opinion. There are 67% of farmers do not have this minimum required land for viable farming.

Question 19.
Why only a small section of farmers have a powerful voice? (Text Book Page No. 66)
Percentage of large and medium farmers is 5% but they hold 32% of total cultivable land. Their average land holding is also high. Hence they have a powerful voice.

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 5th Lesson Biosphere Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 5th Lesson Biosphere

9th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Biosphere Textbook Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
Life itself constitutes a separate sphere called ‘Biosphere’. Explain.
Answer:

• The Earth is a unique planet, in that it has life.
•  It is inhabited by countless forms of life from microscopic bacteria to great banyan trees and animals like lions and blue whales and of course human beings.
• The earth has a combination of land, air and water and a moderate temperature has made life possible on it.
• Various forms of life are not only related to the three spheres around them, but also to one another.
• They influence one another and they are part of a complete “food chain.”
• Hence geographers are of the opinion that “life itself constitutes a separate sphere called ‘Biosphere’.

Question 2.
Why is ecological crisis created in modern times? What are its effects?
Answer:

• These days the increase in population creates great pressure on earth as well as its resources.
• To satisfy the needs of ever growing population systematic mining, cutting of forests, building of forests and fields and roads took place all over the earth.
• Burning of fossil fuels and release of enormous amounts of waste materials by industries contaminate air, water, and soil.
• For providing food for the ever growing population, there is a need for increase in agricultural production.
• Modern agriculture uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• The most frightening aspect of pollution due to modern agriculture is the increase in the levels of toxins in our food.
• This increasingly proves to be very harmful not only to humans but also to all types of life on earth.
• Since all living and non-living things on the earth are in one way or the other connected to each other, change affecting one, in due time affects all the others too. All these factors lead to ecological crisis.

Effects of ecological Grisis :

1. If a particular species which feeds upon a particular kind of plant is exterminated, it would result in unchecked growth of that plant and it may intrude the area where other plants grow and disturb their growth.
2. Many industries use chemicals and metals which flow into the rivers and streams. The metals like mercury are consumed by microorganisms in water and in turn beome the food of fishes. When human beings consume these fishes they too absorb some amount of mercury which is detrimental to their health.
3. Farmers use Diclofenac to treat cattle; when the cattle die their flesh retains this chemical: When their flesh is consumed by vultures, diclofenac leads to kidney failure in them and they die.

Question 3.
Natural vegetation depends upon the climate of the place. Write different kinds of forests and climatic conditions of their existence?
Answer:
a) Tropical Deciduous Forests :

1. Tropical deciduous forests are the monsoon forests.
2. These regions experience seasonal changes.
3. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.

b) Tropical Evergreen Forests :

1. These thick forests occur in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics.
2. These regions are hot and receive heavy rainfall throughout the year.
3. As there is no dry season, these trees do not shed their leaves altogether.
4. This is why they are called evergreen forests.

c) Temperate Evergreen Forests :

1. These forests are located in the mid latitudinal costal region.
2. They are commonly found along the eastern margin of the continents.

d) Temperate Deciduous Forests :

1. The temperate deciduous forests are found in higher latitudes.
2. They shed their leaves in the dry season.

e) Mediterranean Vegetation :

1. The west and the south west margins of the continents are covered by these forests.
2. Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves. These help them to reduce transpiration.
3. These regions are marked for hot dry summers and dry summers and mild rainy winters.

f) Coniferous Forests :

1. Coniferous forests are found in the higher latitudes of Northern hemisphere.
2. These forests are found in abundance in the Himalayas.

g) Tropical Grasslands :

1. These forests grow on either side of the equator up to tropics.
2. This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall.

h) Temperate Grasslands :

1. These are found in mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior part of the continents.
2. Usually the grass is very short and nutritious.

i) Thorny Bushes :

1. These are found in the dry desert like regions.
2. This vegetation cover is scarce here because of scanty rain and scorching heat.

j) Tundra :

1. This vegetation is found in the polar region.
2. The growth of natural vegetation is very limited here.
3. Only mosses, lichens and very small shrubs are found here.

Question 4.
How can we protect natural resources?
Answer:
Preservation of the natural environment is essential for maintaining community sustainability.
1. Water:
Communities must work to assure an adequate water supply to meet future needs.

2. Energy :
Energy should be consumed reasonably.

3. Air and climate :
Communities can preserve air quality by limiting or eliminating the discharge of harmful chemicals into the air and by minimizing the sources of air pollution.

4. Biodiversity :
Healthy wildlife should be supported through integrative approaches for, managing, protecting, and enhancing wildlife populations and habitats appropriate to their area and the atmosphere.

5. Land, forests, ecosystems should be provided protective measures. Thus we can protect natural resources.

Question 5.
Read the lesson and fill up the table.

Answer:

Question 6.
Locate the following countries in the world map.
a) New Zealand
b) Brazil
c) Australia
d) North America
e) China
f) India
Answer:

Question 7.
Read the paragraph under the title ‘Depletion of Resources’ on page 57 and comment on it.

Industrialisation, rapid population growth and urbanisation all have meant unprecedented exploitation of natural resources like minerals, forests, soil, water, air etc. besides sources of energy (coal, petroleum etc.) stored in the earth for billions of years. This has resulted in rapid deforestation and decline of reserves of minerals, oil and ground water. Many scientists have argued that the present way of life is not ‘sustainable’for if we use so much natural resources, nothing will be left for our children and grand children.

Answer:
Depletion of resources is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished.

Use of either of these forms of resources beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion.

Resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming fishings mining, water and fossil fuels.

Question 8.
Visit any nearby industrial establishment and observe the different kinds of smoke, liquid and Solid Wastes come*6uf of the cdrrtp’ourtd. FincTout from the nearby’residents about their impact on plants and animals. Based on the information collected, prepare a report and present in the class.
Answer:
I have visited a cement factory and observed the following :
Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all stages of the process. These include air-borne pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise and vibration when operating machinery and during blasting in quarries, and damage to country side from quarrying. Environmental protection also includes the re-integration of quarries.

• CO₂ emissions : Cement manufacturing releases CO₂ in the atmosphere.
• Heavy metal emissions in the air.
• Heavy metals present in the clinker.
• Use of alternative fuels and by-products materials.
• Noise levels are easy to establish.
• Smoke released from the factory causes breathing problems in the local people.
• Waste liquids are sent to the nearest river and pollute the river water.

Question 9.
Collect the details of some endangered animals and birds in your area. Fill the following table. Discuss in the classroom. Take the help of your elders and teachers.

Answer:
Student Activity.

9th Class Social Studies 5th Lesson Biosphere InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Can you say how plants are dependent upon air and water and how they affect the two in return? (Text Book Page No. 51)
Answer:

• Plants need water. Plants use water to carry moisture and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and food from the leaves back down to the roots.
• Plants absorb carbon dioxide from air to form carbohydrates during the process of photosynthesis.
• Nitrogen gas molecules that are trapped and carried in the water droplets provide nourishment to plants.
• Plants need oxygen in small amounts in respiration.
• Plants reduce the carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere and reduce the greenhouse effect and in turn the global warming.

How do plants affect water and air in return?
Answer:

• Plants return water to the atmosphere through the process of transpiration.
• Transpiration is the evaporation of water from aerial parts of plants, especially from . leaves but also from stems and flowers.

Question 2.
In what ways are insects like mosquitoes and butterflies dependent upon rocks or soil and upon water ? How do they affect them in return? (Text Book Page No. 51)
Answer:
Many insects depend on soil for part of their life. They make their home in the soils. Some insects live some portion of their lives in water.

Insects get involved lot of biological processes. Among the most significant beneficial impacts of insects on soil are

1. Their role in regulation of pest populations,
2. The pollination of crops and
3. The soil engineering. Insects mostly pollute the water.

Question 3.
Identify the desert regions in the world map.
Answer:

1. The Sahara Desert
2. The Kalahari Desert
3. The Thar Desert
4. The Arabian Desert
5. The Australian Desert
6. The Atacama Desert
7. The Sonaran Desert

Question 4.
Look around in your surroundings and find out the articles made of hard wood and soft wood. (Text Book Page No. 55)
Answer:
A) Articles made of hard wood :

1. Hard woods are often used to make items including furniture, flooring and utensils. Spoons, chopsticks, bowls, plates and cups are the utensils made from hard wood.
2. Musical instruments such as violins, guitars, pianos and hard drums are also made of hard wood.
3. Sofas, chairs, beds, benches, tables and wardrobes are made of hard wood.

B) Articles made of soft wood :
Manufacturing paper, newsprint, decorative articles, carvings, dolls, match boxes and packing boxes, etc. are made from soft wood.

Question 5.
Find out and learn few names of trees of your locality. (Text Book Page No. 55)
Answer:
In our local we can see Neem trees, Mango trees, Banyan trees and the trees are known by their local names: Chinta, Tumma, Seema Tumma, Palm (Tati), Bandaru, Yegisa are the trees which give us wood.

The trees such as Bamboo give us pulp.

Mangoes, Guavas, Blackberry are fruit bearing trees. In addition to them we have coconut trees and trees which give us drumsticks.

Question 6.
Can you discuss how human beings would have impacted the land, water, plants and animals around them when they began agriculture and animal herding? (Text Book Page No. 56)
Answer:

• With the development of agriculture humans began to radically transform the environment in which they lived.
• They cleared the lands around their settlements and controlled the plants that grew and the animals that grazed on them.
• They devised ways of storing rain water and rechanneling river water to irrigate plants.
• They built reservoirs, dug canals, dikes and sluices that permitted water storage.
• They domesticated major food crops, plants such as flax and cotton and began to cultivate them.
• Men also took lead in taming, breeding and raising the large animals associated with both farming and pastoral communities.
• Thus human beings impacted the land water, plants and animals around them when they began agriculture and animal rearing.

Question 7.
What sources of energy would they have used and how would they haveobtained them? (Text Book Page No. 56)
Answer:

1. The growth of sedantary farming greatly accelerated the pace of technological and social change.
2. Still the man used the physical energies of human and animals to use the agricultural and manufacturing tools.
3. He used wheel to make pots, plough to plough his fields and boats to transport his goods and kiln of blacksmith to make his tools.
4. He burnt firewood to cook his food.
5. Thus when they began agriculture man used merely the physical energy of human beings and animals.

Question 8.
Can you say what kinds of changes will building of cities have on the land and water around them? (Text Book Page No. 56)
Answer:

• With the beginning of agriculture and use of better tools give rise to larger, more elaborate and commodious housing and the construction of community ritual centres.
• Sun-dried bricks, interwoven branches usually plastered with mud and stone structures were associated with early agricultural communities.
• Houses in early agricultural settlements included special storage areas. They were centered on clay or stone hearths that were ventilated by a hole in the roof.
• To defend their cities from the rival nomadic settlements, they fortified their cities.
• The people had devised ways of storing rain water and rechanneling river water to irrigate plants.
• The reservoirs and canals, dikes and sluices that permitted water storage were constructed.

Question 9.
In what way do you think this would have affected the land scape and water cycle? (Text Book Page No. 56)
Answer:

• The increase in population create great pressure on earth as well as its resources.
• The entire earth was reshaped to suit the needs of humans.
• The surface of the earth received a great push with the industrial revolution and process of colonization.
• Industrial production needs raw materials on an unprecedunted scale.
• Industrial countries began to search for diverse kinds of raw materials and sources of energy.
• They dug deep wells and tried to find out what lay underneath.
• Systematic mining, cutting of forests, building of factories and fields and roads took place all over the world.
• The cumulative impact of industrial pollution causes greenhouse effect and global warming.
• The greenhouse effect could cause decrease in precipitation and soil moisture content and decrease of snow cover and finally decrease in rainfall.
• The increased surface temperature would cause melting of glaciers and lead to flooding of coastal areas.

 

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 4th Lesson Atmosphere Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 4th Lesson Atmosphere

9th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Atmosphere Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Explain the composition of the atmosphere.
Answer:

• The atmosphere is a sea of gases surrounding the Earth.
• There are many gases in the atmosphere.
• Of all the gases in the atmosphere oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%) dominate.
• Other gases are in very small percentages, these include argon, neon, carbon dioxide (0.03%), methane, ammonia, ozone, etc.
• Water vapour accounts for about 0.4% by volume over the whole atmosphere.
• Apart from these gases the atmosphere also has the fine dust particles called particulates.

Question 2.
Discuss the structure of the atmosphere along with a diagram.
Answer:
On the basis of the chemical composition the atmosphere is divided into two broad layers. They are -1) Homosphere II) Heterosphere
I) Homosphere : This layer is characterized by uniformity in composition of gases like
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Orgon and Carbondioxide. It consists of the three thermal layers such as Troposphere, Stratosphere and Mesosphere. It extends up to the height of 90 kms.

A) Troposphere :
i) It is the lower most of layers of the atmosphere.
ii) It extends to a height of 8 kms near the poles and about 18 kms at the equator.
iii) It contains 75% of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere.
iv) The entire weather phenomenon happens in this layer.
v) The life is present in this layer.

B) Stratosphere :
i) This layer extends up to a height of 50 kms.
ii) This layer is free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon.
iii) These conditions are most ideal for flying jet aircrafts.
iv) This layer contains Ozone layer.

C) Mesosphere :
i) It extends up to a height of 80 kms.
ii) Meteorites burn up as they enter this layer from the space.
iii) The temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude.

II) Heterosphere : Because of its heterogenous composition this layer is called heterosphere. This layer is above 90 kms of the atmosphere. It has two thermal layers called Thermosphere and Exosphere.
A) Thermosphere:
i) It extends up to 400 kms.
ii) Here the temperature rises rapidly with increase in height.
iii) It contains electrically charged particles known as ions. Hence this layer is called Ionosphere.
iv) Radio waves are reflected back to the earth through this layer.
v) It is also known as ‘Ionosphere’.

B) Exosphere :
i) The upper most layer of the atmosphere.
ii) Very little is known about this layer.

Question 3.
Differentiate weather and climate.
(OR)
Write the differences between weather and climate?
Answer:

• The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time.
• Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time and climate is how the atmosphere “behaves” over relatively long period of time.
• Weather is basically the way the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities.
• Whereas climate is the description of the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.
• In most places weather can change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day-to-day and season-to-season. Whereas the climate is the average of weather overtime and space.
• In short, climate is what we expect whether a hot summer or a cool winter and weather is what you get or experience at present.

Question 4.
Compare and contrast convectional and orographic rainfall.
Answer:
Comparison between convectional and orographic rainfall:
1) Both types of rainfall are caused by vertical ascent of heated air.
Contrast between convectional and orographic rainfall :

1. While orographic rainfall is caused when the mountain forces the air to rise over mountain or the elevation in its path; the convectional rainfall occurs when moisture over the heated ground becomes warmer than the surrounding air.
2. While convectional rainfall is common on summer days in interior part of the continents the orographic rainfall occurs in the windward sides of mountains.
3. While the orographic rain occurs in the mountainous regions, the convectional rain takes place in the equatorial regions.

Question 5.
Describe the distribution of world rainfall.
Answer:

• Between the latitudes 10° and 30° N and S of the equator, due to the trade winds, rainfall is heavier on the eastern coasts, and decreases towards the West.
• Between the latitudes 40° and 60° N and S of the equator due to the westerlies, the rainfall is heavy on the west coast, and goes decreases towards the East.
• Low pressure areas, especially around the equator receiver high rainfall than high pressure areas.
• The rainfall is more over the oceans than on the continent.

Question 6.
How do climatic changes influence the human life?
Answer:
Due to climatic changes the following changes are taking place.

1. The climatic changes led to the emergence of large scale environmental hazards such as global warming, increase of green house gases etc.
2. Development of planet’s flora and fauna is mainly due to climatic changes.
3. Globally the average sea level has risen by 17 cm in the 20th century.
4. Climatic changes are affecting food habits and culture of the people of any area.
5. Due to global warming both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have lost significant amounts of ice.
6. Thus the climatic changes are influencing human life significantly.

Question 7.
Explain relative humidity.
Answer:

• The amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere is called humidity.
• Relative humidity is the ratio between the maximum water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure and the actual amount of water vapour it holds at any given time.
• For example, at 20°C temperature air can contain 80 gms of water vapour per cubic meter. If the actual water vapour present is 40 gms, the relative humidity is 50%.
• If the atmosphere has 100% relative humidity, it is known as saturation level.
• Relative humidity decreases with increase of temperature and decrease of water vapour,
• In high humidity, our sweat doesn’t cool us because it cannot evaporate.
• In low humidity we feel more thirsty.

Question 8.
Why does the amount of water vapour decrease rapidly with altitude?
Answer:
The water vapour is attracted towards the surface or close to the surface due to the gravitational pull of the earth. Hence the amount of water vapour decreases with altitude.

Question 9.
What is Coriolis effect ? And explain its effects.
(OR)

“Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India using winds to power his ships. Europeans established colonial states in various parts of the world through the wind power”.

What is Coriolis effect and how does it influence the wind system?
Answer:
1. Because of the impact of Earth’s rotation on its own axis, the winds move slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This effect is called Coriolis effect.
2.

3. At the equator the Coriolis effect is ‘O’ and at the poles it is maximum.

The most important effects of Coriolis force are :
a) The deflection of winds and currents in the ocean.
b) It has significant effect on planes and missiles also.
c) In the northern hemisphere these winds move to the right and in the southern hemisphere to the left. This usually creates the westerly winds moving from the subtropical areas to the poles.
d) The Coriolis effect also affects the movement of ocean currents.

Question 10.
Identify the given local winds in the world map.
a) Chinook
b) Loo
c) Simoon
d) Yoma
e) Norwester
f) Mistral
g) Puna
h) Pampero
Answer:

Question 11.
Read the para under the title “Effects of Planetary Winds” on page 43 and comment on it.
Effects of Planetary Winds: You would have noted that the pressure and wind systems are actually a result of the impact of Lithosphere and Hydrosphere on Atmosphere. These winds play a crucial role in transporting heat and moisture across the world. That is why no part of the world gets too cold or too hot for life to survive. Had there been no atmosphere (as on the Moon) it would have got intolerably hot in day time or in the tropics and intolerably cold at night or in the Polar regions. However, these winds do not distribute heat or moisture uniformly – which is why we have some parts of the earth quite hot, some parts cooler and some parts with high rainfall and some which are deserts.
Answer:
Planetary winds are winds that are created in the different Global circulation cells.

1. Polar Easterlies – blow from pole to 60°
2. Prevailing Westerlies – blow from 60° to 30°
3. Trade Winds – blow from 30° to 0°

These winds transport heat and moisture across the world. But the winds do not distribute heat or moisture uniformly.

Question 12.
Collect weather information covered by media such as newspaper, TV, Radio, etc. to understand weather phenomenon.
Answer:
Weather information of major cities of India on 8, April 2020.

Delhi	47°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Jabalpur	50°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Chennai	41°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Banglore	45°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Ahmadabad	sere	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Allahabad	39°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Pune	34°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Poona	25°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Haora	33°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Surat	32°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Madras	41°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Calcutta	34°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Solapur	40°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Muzaffarpur	50°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Bulandshahr	37°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Ghaziabad	46°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Jaipur	37°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Kanpur	48°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Lucknow	38°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
M 0 Ranchi	49°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Nagpur	53°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Visakhapatnam	32°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Guwahati	26°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Chittoor	46°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Indore	37°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Coimbatore Peelamedu	35°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Kalya n	35°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Patna	39°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Kozhikode	30°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Gwalior	37°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Jamnagar	42°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Vadodara	38°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Mahesana	36°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Akola	41°C	Afternoon, Thy 17:04
Bhopal	39°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Ludhiana	47°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Aurangabad	51°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Agra	37°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Cochin	39°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04
Benares	39°C	Afternoon, Thu 17:04

Question 13.
Collect the newspapers from July to December and note down the news related to extreme rainfall in different parts of country.
Answer:
Average annual rainfall of the states of India

State	Meteorological Divisions	Average annual rainfall (mm)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	2,967
Arunachal Pradesh	Arunachal Pradesh	2,782
Assom	Assom and Meghalaya	2,818
Meghalaya	Assom and Meghalaya	2,818
Nagaland	Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura	1,881
Manipur	Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura	1,881
Mizoram	Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura	1,881
Tripura	Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura	1,881
West Bengal	Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim Gangetic West Bengal	2,739 1,439
Sikkim	Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim	2,739
Odisha	Odisha	1,489
Bihar	Bihar Plateau	1,326
	Bihar Plains	1,186
Uttar Pradesh	Uttar Pradesh	1,025
	Plain of West Uttar Pradesh	896
	Hills of West Uttar Pradesh	1,667
Haryana	Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi	617
Delhi	Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi	617
Chandigarh	Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi	617
Punjab	Punjab	649
Himachal Pradesh	Himachal Pradesh	1,251
Jammu and Kashmir	Jammu and Kashmir	1,011
Rajasthan	West Rajasthan	313
	East Rajasthan	675
Madhya Pradesh	Madhya Pradesh	1,017
	East Madhya Pradesh	1,338
Gujarat	Gujarat region	1,107
	Saurashtra and Kachchh	578
Goa	Konkan and Goa	3,005
Maharashtra	Madhya Maharashtra	901
	Marathwada	882
	Vidarbha	1,034
Andhra Pradesh	Coastal Andhra Pradesh	1,094
	Rayalaseema	680
Tamilnadu	Tamilnadu and Pondicherry	998
Pondicherry	Tamilnadu and Pondicherry	998
Karnataka	Coastal Karnataka	3,456
	North Interior Karnataka	731
	South Interior Karnataka	1,126
Kerala	Kerala	3,055
Telangana	Telangana	961

9th Class Social Studies 4th Lesson Atmosphere InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List out some of the ways in which particulates in the atmosphere are beneficial and harmful to us. (Text Book Page No. 37)
Answer:
1. The fine dust particles present in the atmosphere are called particulates.

2. Particulates may come from natural processes such as sand storms over deserts and natural forest fires and from human activity such as burning forests, burning petroleum and industrial emissions.

3) Benefits of particulates :
a) The particulates can change atmospheric conditions that may be beneficial to life on Earth.
b) The particulates in the atmosphere cause the bright colour of the sunrise or sunset.
c) The particulates help rainfall and hailstones to fall.

4) Harmful effects of particulates :
a) They cause problems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns.
b) They can make it difficult for people to breathe.
c) They can make it difficult for the plants to breathe and photosynthesise.

Question 2.
In which layer is the life present? (Text Book Page No. 39)
Answer:
In troposphere the life is present. The suitable conditions that make life possible in the troposphere are :

1. The troposphere is the lower most layer of the atmosphere.
2. It contains about 75% of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere and practically all the moisture and dust particles.
3. The entire weather phenomenon happens in this sphere.
4. Condensation, evaporation, precipitation, rainfall, cyclones etc., occur in this layer.

Question 3.
About which layer do we have very less knowledge? (Text Book Page No. 39)
Answer:

• Exosphere is the upper most layer of the atmosphere.
• This is the highest layer.
• Very less is known about it.

Question 4.
Which layer of the atmosphere is ideal for flying jet aircrafts? Why? (Text Book Page No. 39)
Answer:

• Stratosphere is ideal for flying jet aircrafts.
• Because this layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon.
• These conditions are most ideal for flying jet aircrafts in this layer.

Question 5.
Our skin dries up more during winters. Why?
Answer:

• Water vapour (i.e., the humidity) is a very important component in the atmosphere.
• The relative humidity plays a large role in determining our comfort level.
• If the relative humidity is 100 percent, we feel much hotter than the actual temperature indicates because our skin, sweat does not evaporate at all.
• If the humidity is low, our skin and mucous membranes are dry.
• As a result of low humidity, we’ll have chapped lips, dry and itchy skin, and a dry sore throat when we wake up in the morning.
• Low humidity also dries the plants and furniture.

Question 6.
Observe the following figure and describe from which pressure belt to which pressure belt are the Westerlies, trade winds and polar Easterlies are blowing.

Answer:

• The Westerlies blow from subtropical high pressure belts to sub polar low pressure belts in both the hemispheres.
• The trade winds blow from sub tropical high pressure belt to equatorial IQW pressure belt.
• Polar Easterlies blow from polar high pressure belt to polar low pressure belt.

Question 7.
What will happen if water vapour is not present in air?
Answer:
1. The condensation of water vapour to the liquid or ice phase is responsible for clouds, rain, snow and other precipitations.

If water vapour is not present in the atmosphere, clouds, rains, snow will not occur. If there is no rain, life will not be possible on earth.

2. Water vapour is one of the green house gases. Green house gases play a major role in determining the balance of between the amount of radiation entering the Earth’s surface and the amount of radiation leaving the Earth’s surface.

The green house effect keeps the Earth’s surface about 33°C warmer thair-it would otherwise be.

Question 8.
Why is atmosphere important for us?
Answer:

• We breathe in oxygen which is one of the components of atmosphere.
• We breathe out carbon dioxide, which in turn is taken in by plants in their respiration.
• The atmosphere prevents harmful rays of the sun from reaching us.
• The green plants take in carbon dioxide, use sunlight and water to photosynthesise and we get delicious fruits, vegetables, and grains from them.
• These give us proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, fats, minerals and other nutrients that we need.
• The atmospheric winds transport water from the oceans deep into the continents in the form of rain.
• Atmospheric winds erode rocks and are responsible for the formation of many kinds of soils with whose fertility we grow many kinds of crops.
• Atmosphere helps in cooling monsoon rains.
• Atmosphere helps in diffusion of perfumes and helps in the travelling of sound waves.
• Thus we can say atmosphere is important for us.

Question 9.
Can you imagine why life is not possible on the Moon? (Text Book Page No. 37)
Answer:

• Life is not possible on the Moon because the Moon has no atmosphere.
• On Moon we don’t have atmospheric pressure without which we cannot live.
• Because of lack of atmosphere we don’t have any protection from ultra violet raditation.
• Because of the lack of magnetosphere, we will be frequently bombarded by the charged particles.
• There is no water on the Moon which is the first and foremost requirement for the life.
• For all the above reasons life is not possible on the Moon.

 

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 3rd Lesson Hydrosphere Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 3rd Lesson Hydrosphere

9th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Hydrosphere Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Find the odd one out and give an explanation for your choice.
i) a) evaporation
b) condensation
c) salination
d) precipitation
Answer:
Odd one – (c)
Except salination, remaining all belong to the water cycle.

ii) a) tectonics
b) centrifugal force
c) solar energy
d) precipitation
Answer:
a) Tectonics is odd one : Remaining all are the factors that cause ocean currents.

Question 2.
Correct the false statements.
a) Oceans trenches can be located near the continents.
b) Relief features of the oceans are like plains.
c) Most salt in the seas is washed into it from the land over centuries.
d) Temperature of ocean water remains the same across the globe.
Answer:
a) Ocean trenches are the deepest parts of the ocean floor.
b) Relief features of the oceans are Trenches, Deep sea plains and Ridges.
c) True.
d) Temperature of ocean water varies from place to place across the globe.

Question 3.
Describe any one impact of ocean currents for the region you live.
Answer:
The Indian Monsoon current refers to the seasonally varying ocean current regime found in the tropical regions of the northern Indian ocean. The seasonally reversing open ocean currents that pass through south of India are referred to as the winter monsoon current and the summer monsoon current, alternately the north-east monsoon current and the southwest monsoon current.

India receives rainfall due to these currents.

Question 4.
Do you think that the description of blue planet is accurate? Describe any one way in which your activity impacts its oceans.
Answer:
Yes, I do think that the description of blue planet is accurate.

Humans are a part of the natural environment. But our activities lead to degradation of environment.

Oceans are suffering from our activities too, our land practices cause agricultural runoff, sewage, and litter to end up in the oceans daily. Today oceans have also fallen victim to our exploitation. Many large fishes like whales have been disappearing. Damage to oceans is damage to our livelihoods, well-being and nourishment.

Question 5.
Why differences are there in the salinity of oceans?
Answer:

• Salinity of ocean water depends upon many causes, but the main cause is continuous movement of ocean. Water from one place to other due to rotation of earth and winds which takes water here and there causing change in salinity of ocean water (ocean currents and thermohaline currents)
• Melting of ice causes an influx of fresh water, which dilutes ocean water.
• inflow of river water causes an influx of fresh water, which dilutes ocean water.
• Evaporation is only fresh water, which removes fresh water flow an area, causing salt to become more concentrated.
• Rain and snowfall opposite of evaporation, we are adding fresh water and diluting it.
• Wave and wind – various local mixing causes smaller – scale variation in surface salinity.

Question 6.
How is human life dependent upon oceans?
(OR)
How is human life depends on Oceans?
(OR)
How are oceans influencing human life?
Answer:

• Oceans stabilize climates over land.
• They are the storehouses of many chemicals, each of which are useful to humans.
• They disperse many plant & animal species from one continent to another, making biota available in various places. Many of these plants & animals are used as food, neutraceutically as medicines.
• Some people constantly live on boat, due to paucity of land in such areas.
• They are a source of various types of poly-metallic nodules.
• They are used for landing of certain debris of satellites & safely pad most of the meteors that come from outer space, as oceans cover more than 75% of earth’s surface.

Question 7.
Observe the map 1 on page 35 and write down the names of a few warm and cold currents.
Answer:
Some warm and cold currents :

1. Equatorial current (warm)
2. Gulf stream (warm)
3. Labrador current (cool)
4. Greenland current (cool)
5. North Pacific current (warm)
6. West wind drift (cool)
7. East wind drift (cool)
8. Bengula current (warm/cool)

Question 8.
Read the para ‘Ocean as a Resource’ on page 33 and comment on it.
Ocean as a ResourceMost life on earth is under the water. Human beings still have not finished identifying all the different forms of life in the oceans. Human beings have depended on oceans for their food and livelihood from the ancient times. Oceans provided abundant food resources like fish and salt. We also use the sand, gravel, etc. for our industries or housing. Humans extract minerals like chlorine, fluroine, iodine from it. Ocean waves are used for generating power. Ocean floor is mined for oils. Oceans also provide us with gems and pearls. For centuries, we have created our civilisations on its shores and traded across with each other travelling on them.
Answer:
The ocean is one of earth’s most valuable natural resources. It provides food in the form of fish and shell fish. It is used for transportation – both travelling and shipping. It provides a treasured source of recreation for humans. It is mined for minerals and drilled for crude oil.

Question 9.
Prepare a flow chart which shows different land forms.
Answer:

Question 10.
Prepare a list of currents which are found in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Identify the cold and warm currents in different oceans.
Answer:

9th Class Social Studies 3rd Lesson Hydrosphere InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give the reasons for the Sow salinity of Baltic sea. (Text Book Page No. 32)
Answer:

1. Baltic sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located between Central and Northern Europe.
2. The Baltic sea’s salinity is much lower than that of ocean water.
3. Baltic is a small sea on a global scale.
4. The causes for the low salinity of the Baltic sea are
   a) The abundant fresh water run off from the surrounding land.
   b) The shallowness of the sea.
   c) The flow of fresh water into the sea from approximately two hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the south builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic sea.
   d) The Baltic sea is only connected to the world’s oceans by the narrow and shallow waters of the Sound and Belt-sea.
   e) This limits the exchange of water with the North sea and means that the same water remains in the Baltic for a lot of years.

For all the above reasons the salinity of the Baltic sea is less than that of the salinity of the oceans.

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms of the Earth

9th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
a) Hydrosphere is related to …………………….. .
b) Lithosphere is related to …………………….. .
c) Atmosphere is related to …………………….. .
d) Biosphere is related to …………………….. .
Answer:
a) water mass
b) land mass
c) air mass
d) life

Question 2.
Find the odd one out in the context of lithosphere and give reasons for your choice.
Byson gorge; Grand Canyon; Ozone; Thar desert.
Answer:
Out of these four ozone is the odd one.
Reasons:

1. Byson gorge and Grand canyon are hilly areas.
2. Rivers flow through them.
3. Plants and trees are present there.
4. Thar desert is a vast sand desert, with no water. It has thorny bushes and some kinds of desert plantations.
5. Above three are landforms.
6. But Ozone is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula 03. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. Ozone’s 03 formula was determined in 1865.

Question 3.
How is the Lithosphere formed?
Answer:

• The solid crust or the hard top part of the earth is called lithosphere.
• The crust is made up of rocks and minerals and covered with a thick layer of soil.
• It is uneven and has high mountains, plateaus, plains, and very deep basins.
• Many of these features are shaped by internal and external processes.
• The slow movements inside the earth lead to the formation of the crust.
• The sudden movements can damage and lead to changes in landforms.
• The processes originating from the depths of the earth like earthquakes and the volcanic eruptions play important role in shaping the surface of the earth.
• The external sources like wind, water, glaciers, and waves also play prominent role in shaping the lithosphere.

Question 4.
How are the continental plates formed and how are they eventually destroyed?
Answer:

• In the beginning, probably all continents were held together.
• Later the earth’s lithosphere is broken up into several pieces, just like the pieces of a large jigsaw puzzle and thus continental plates formed.
• These pieces, on which all the continents and oceans are actually situated, are called “Plates”.
• They float on soft layer of the mantle.
• There are about seven major plates and several minor plates on the earth.
• As the plates move, they push, pull, slide, rise, sink, bend and break.
• Sometimes one plate meets another, the incoming plate dips under the stable plate.
• In fact the incoming plate actually goes into the mantle of the earth and becomes molten due to the heat of the mantle.
• That is how some plates are eventually destroyed.

Question 5.
List out the landforms formed due to the river work. (AS1)
Answer:
Many landforms are formed due to the work of the river. They are
1. V – shaped valley:
The flow of a river is very swift as it descends the steep slopes and it exerts a great force in cutting the mountain vertically. As a result a deep valley develops, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. This is called V – shaped valley.

2. Gorge:
Where the rocks are very hard, the river cuts a narrow valley with steep sides called Gorges.

3. Canyon:
A deep valley with steep like slopes and is wider at its top than at the bottom is called a Canyon.

4. A plunge pool:
The water falls with great force and dig out the rock beneath to form a plunge pool.

5. Plain:
When the river is in floods it cuts the soil and when it is not in flood it deposits silt and thus forms vast flood plains.

6. Meanders:
As a result of the deposition by floods the river bed becomes too high, the river constantly changes its course and cuts new path and forms gentle snake like meanders.

7. Ox-bow lakes:
Due to the deposition along the sides of the meanders, the ends of the meander loop comes closer and closer. In the course of time the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut off lake which is called ox-bow lake.

8. Delta:
When a river reaches the sea, the fine material is deposited at its mouth forming a delta (∆).

9. Ozone:
Ozone is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula 03. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. Ozone’s 03 formula was determined in 1865.

Question 6.
Create a table as given below and fill information. And write a small paragraph to explain the similarities and differences you can think of in the context of earth’s external changes, (if there is no information available in the text, leave those columns blank)

	Wind	Water	Glacier
Landform
Process

Answer:
Wind:
Wind takes many forms and carries away the surface of the land in the higher places.

Water :

1. Water reacts with the chemicals of the rocks and further weakens the rock.
   Water acts as moving agent of the earth.

Glacier :

1. The ice on these glaciers melt throughout the year and flows to low areas as rivers and streams.
2. They also erode, transport and deposit rock materials.

Two forces, weathering and erosion, are constantly at work building up and moving rocks making up the earth’s crust.

Weathering causes rocks to fragment, crack, crumble, or break down physically and chemically.

Erosion loosens and carries away the rock debris formed by weathering. Over time these two forces, working together, change the shape of the land.

Question 7.
Why are Glaciers not found in your surroundings?
Answer:
Glaciers are most commonly found above snow line i.e., regions of high snow fall in winter and cool temperatures in summer. These conditions allow more snow to accumulate on the glacier in the winter that will melt in the summer. This is why most glaciers are found either in mountainous areas or the polar regions.

We are in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42°C range. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February with little humidity and average temperatures in the 22°C – 23°C range. In such hot and dry conditions glaciers are not formed. So we cannot find glaciers in our surroundings.

Question 8.
How are Beaches formed and name some Beaches?
Answer:
Formation of Beaches:

1. Sea water contains sediments like sand, pebbles, etc.
2. Beaches form as waves deposit these sediment on the shore.
3. The wind pushes these sediments on the shore and inland.
4. This creates an area of sand particles finally form a beach.

Names of some beaches :

1. Diu Beach
2. Manori Beach, Mumbai
3. Versova Beach, Mumbai
4. Mivamar Beach, Panaji
5. Karwar Beach, Karnataka
6. Fort Kochi, Cochin
7. Kovalam Beach, Trivandrum
8. Marina Beach, Chennai
9. R.K. Beach, Visakhapatnam
10. Chandipur Beach, Odisha.

Question 9.
How is the human lifestyle responsible for extension of deserts?
Answer:

• Desertification can be considered as a set of biological, chemical, and physical processes which converge to create desert-like conditions.
• Desertification is a social problem involving people at all stages as a cause and as victims.
• The anthropogenic (human) causes of desertification are over cultivation, over grazing, deforestation and poor irrigation practices.
• These factors are fuelled by local forces such as poverty and population pressure.
• Increase in temperature leads to drying out of water and it further causes to expansion of deserts.
• Mismanagement of dry land ecosystems by humans can cause desertification.
• Poor land use and overgrazing are significant factors for the expansion of deserts.
• Thus activities of human beings lead to the extension of deserts.

Question 10.
Find out the order of the landforms for the following.

Landform	Order of Landform
The Himalayan Mountains	II order Landform
The Pacific Ocean
Asia Continent
Byson Gorge
Jog waterfall
Rocky mountains
The Indian Ocean
The great rift valley

Answer:

Landform	Order of Landform
The Himalayan Mountains	II order Landform
The Pacific Ocean	1 order Landform
Asia Continent	1 order Landform
Byson Gorge	III order Landform
Jog waterfall	III order Landform
Rocky mountains	II order Landform
The Indian Ocean	1 order Landform
The great rift valley	III order Landform

Question 11.
Draw the map of world plates by observing map 2.
Answer:

Question 12.
Read the para under the title ‘Erosion’ on page 20 and comment on it.

Erosion : Flowing water and wind have great power and can slowly wear away or cut away the rocks and soil cover in higher places. Water acts in many ways, as rain, river, flowing ground water, sea waves, glaciers etc. Wind too takes many forms like storms, gusts, steady winds, etc. The active wearing away of the earth’s surface by these moving agents is called erosion.

Answer:
Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the earth’s surface by exogenic processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported andsdeposited on their locations while erosion is a natural process. Human activities have increased by 10 – 40 times the rate of which erosion is occuring globally.

Question 13.
Collect newspaper or magazine articles and news on earthquakes and volcanoes.
Prepare an illustrated file on these – how do they happen and how they affect human life.
Answer:
Student’s activity.
Ex: Earthquakes:
The earth’s surface is formed of massive slabs of rock called plates. These are called tectonic plates, are always moving. Sometimes they just slide past one another. At another time they actually collide with one another. Plate movements cause the build up of tremendous quantities of energy in the rock. When the energy is released, it produces vibrations that travel through the rock, leading to earthquakes. During earthquakes, faults, or giant cracks, are produced by the pressure of moving rocks.

Volcanoes:
Deep within the earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Because it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures in the earth’s surface. Then a volcanic eruption occurs.

Their effect on human life :

1. Major earthquakes and volcano eruption can affect human life.
2. Roads can be damaged and delivery of food can be disrupted.
3. Clean, drinking water may not be available.
4. Sewer system may leave, causing diseases.
5. Gas line could leak, causing health issue.
6. All the surroundings can get covered with ash.
7. Communication system fails.
8. They destroy property and threaten human lives.

9th Class Social Studies 2nd Lesson The Natural Realms of the Earth InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do you think the rock is harder inside than outside? (Text Book Page No. 20)
Answer:

• The gradual disintegration of rocks is caused by atmosphere forces.
• The rocks when exposed to heat expand and contract when cooled down.
• As surface rock contracts and expands and contracts again, it gradually becomes brittle and begins to break down.
• Water reacts with the chemicals in the rock and further weakens it.
• These processes by which the rocks are weakened and broken are called ‘weathering’.
• It is easier to chip small pieces of rock from the outer layer rather than from the core of the rock.
• Thus we can say the rocks are harder inside than outside.

Question 2.
Expalin how are the waterfalls are useful. (Text Book Page No. 22)
Answer:

• The most noted advantage of waterfalls is their ability to produce hydroelectric power.
• As it descends the steep slopes the waterfall exerts a great force and cuts mountains vertically and forms V-shaped valleys, gorges and canyons.
• These attract many tourists throughout the world and earn a lot of foreign exchange.
• Waterfalls put oxygen into the water which first helps the fish breathe well.

Question 3.
Can you discuss in the class how the following human actions impact the lithosphere?
i) Mining
ii) Building cities with bricks and cement
iii) Agriculture
iv) Dams (Text Book Page No. 25)
(OR)
‘Human actions like mining, building cities with bricks and cement, agriculture and dams are impacting the lithosphere’ – Comment on it. Mra
Answer:
i) Impact of mining on lithosphere :

• Mining disturbs and removes the rocks, ores and minerals in the geosphere.
• It leaves huge gaping holes in the earth.
• The mine tailings are pulled up in large mounds on the surface of the geosphere.
• Subsidence is an effect that occurs above a deep mine.
• The deep mines cause redistribution of the existing tectonic stress field disturbed by the excavation process.
• High stresses exist inside tectonic plates and they are sensitive to any perturbations.
• In case of mining the mass removal causes fault zones and eventually earthquakes.

ii) Impact of building cities with brick and cement on lithosphere:
Constructing buildings with cement and bricks has a lot of negative effects.

• Concrete used to create hard surfaces causes to surface turn off and it can cause heavy soil erosion.
• Constructing the buildings with cement, bricks and concrete have different thermal and hydrological properties. These cause the surface absorbs and stores heat and water.

iii) Impact of agriculture on lithosphere:
Man has been trying to manipulate more and more of nature and exploit this natural resource by the unscientific practice of agriculture.

• Agriculture causes the depletion of underground acquifiers through overdrafting.
• Under irrigation gives poor soil salinity control which leads to increase soil salinity with consequent build up of toxic salts on soil surface.
• Wide use of agricultural chemicals causes soil pollution.

iv) Impact of dams on lithosphere :

• As a result of dam construction and holding of sediments in reservoirs sediment feeding of down stream channel or shore beaches is prevented.
• Corrosions may occur.
• Rare archaeological and historical places with their exceptional beauties disppear after lying under the reservoir.
• Earthquakes and volcanic activity can be induced by the weight of the reservoir on nearby faulty lines.
• Soil erosion of silt deposited at the edges of reservoirs can seriously damage surrounding vegetation and farmland by sand blow.

Question 4.
Write an imaginary description of the damages that occur due to volcanic eruption in an area. (Text Book Page No. 19)
Answer:

• Volcanic eruption can cause earthquakes, fast floods, mudslides and rock falls.
• Lava can travel very far and burn, bury or damage anything in its path including people, houses and trees.
• The large amount of dust and ash can cause roofs to fall, makes it hard to breathe and is normally very smelly.
• The ground around volcano is not secure and can cause big earthquakes.
• Big volcanic eruptions can change the weather around the world.
• Ash clouds float very high in the air and can cause snow and frost in the summer in a lot of countries.

Question 5.
Compare the Loess Plains with a Delta. What similarities and differences do you see between them? (Text Book Page No. 25)
Answer:
Similarities between Loess Plains and Deltas :

1. Both are the deposits of erosional fine materials on plains.
2. Both loess plains and deltas are fertile lands.

Differences between Loess Plains and Deltas:

1. While loess plains are formed with fine dust blown beyond the deserts, the deltas are formed with fine alluvial material transported by the rivers.
2. While loess plains are formed in the neighbouring lands of the deserts, the deltas are formed at the mouths of the rivers.
3. While loess are fine loam, rich in lime, very coherent and extremely porous, the deltas consist of clayey alluvial soils with a mixture of organic material.
4. While deltas are formed by the action of rivers, the loess plains are formed by the action of winds.

Question 6.
Geologists have found fossils of sea animals on the Himalayas. Some of these are actually worshipped in many homes as ’Salagramas’. How do you think are these^ossil^here on the Himalayas? (Text Book Page No. 17)
Answer:

• The Himalayas are formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian land masses which were originally separate.
• This collision uplifts mountains.
• From around 200 million years ago the area between the two separate land masses was covered by the Tethys sea, which was filling with sediments and had sea creatures which left fossils in the sedimentary rocks formed there.
• So the fossils found in the Himalayas are those formed in the ancient sea bed of the Tethys sea, now exposed and pushed up to form mountains.
• Salagramas are usually black coloured spherical fossils found in the sacred river Gandaki.
• The name salagrama refers to the name of the village on the bank of the Gandaki, where the holy stones are picked up.
• Hindus consider these salagramas as an iconic representation of Vishnu and worship these salagramas.

Question 7.
Collect information about the waterfalls in Andhra Pradesh. (Text Book Page No. 22)
Answer:
Waterfalls of Telangana :

1. Ethipothala falls, near Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.
2. Katiki waterfalls – Visakhapatnam district
3. Kailasakona falls – Chittoor district
4. Mallelatheertham – Nallamala forest, Kurnool district
5. Penchalakona falls – Nellore district
6. Rampachodavaram – East Godavari district
7. Talakona falls – Chittoor district
8. Ubbalamadugu or Tada falls – Chittoor district

Question 8.
Collect some of the pictures of waterfalls. (Text Book Page No. 22)
Answer:
Pictures of famous waterfalls :

Question 9.
Gorges are suitable for construction of dams- can you tell why this is so? (Text Book Page No. 21)
Answer:

• Gorges are narrow valleys with steep sides.
• A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom.
• They are suitable for the construction of massive reservoirs.
• The natural valleys formed by the gorges are built up with hard rock.
• The valleys with its steep sides, extensive rocky floors form the natural reservoirs for the dams.
• Constructing the dams at gorges is less expensive because a little concrete work is needed to form the reservoirs.
• In these vast and massive reservoirs a lot of water can be stored.
• Gorges are flood proof. They prevent floods.
• The waterfalls that falls down from great heights into the gorges can rotate large turbines and generate hydroelectricity in large quantities.
• Thus gorges are suitable for the construction of dams.

Question 10.
You have read about mining of minerals like baryte or coal. In what ways do you think does mining affects the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere? (Text Book Page No. 14)
Answer:

• Mining disturbs and removes the rocks, ores and minerals in the lithosphere leaving huge gaping holes in the earth.
• The mine tailings are piled up in large mounds on the surface of the earth.
• Mining waste when washed into the water ways pollutes the hydrosphere.
• Mining causes air pollution to the atmosphere in several ways.
• The mine might also release poisonous gases that were trapped below the surface.
• Mining affects the biosphere by affecting the other three spheres in an indirect way.

Question 11.
Human beings consume a lot of medicines like anti-biotics to cure sickness. How do you think does it affect the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere? (Text Book Page No. 14)
Answer:

• More than 10,000 tonnes of anti biotics are consumed in Europe each year.
• 30%-60% of them passthrough animals and humans unchanged and reach the ocean.
• These antibiotics can affect the marine ecosystems over a long period, with detrimental effects on natural marine communities of bacteria.
• The presence of antibiotics in the marine environment is worrying as it can reach to humans through the consumption of sea food and fish.
• The marine sediments affected by the antibiotics metabolise both nitrogen and carbon which are linked to both eutrophication and climate problems.

Question 12.
What are the dangers of living on the flood plains? (Text Book Page No. 23)
Answer:

• Flood plains are flood prone areas.
• Massive damage can occur during floods in flood plains.
• Homes, automobiles, buildings, historical monuments, graves, sewer systems, bridges and countless other infrastructure can be destroyed.
• Road ways often suffer. High flooding often claims the lives of drowning victims.
• In flood plains during floods there will be lack of clean drinking water which causes illness and epidemics to spread.
• Thus there are a lot of dangers of living on the flood plains.

Question 13.
Locate the Himalayas, Andes and Rockies mountains. Why were they formed in those locations? Suggest reasons. (Text Book Page No. 17)
Answer:

1) Himalayas
2) Rockies mountains
3) Andes mountains

Reasons:

1. Fold mountains are mountains formed from the folding of the earth’s crust.
2. The Himalayas, the Andes and the Rockies are fold mountains.
3. These fold mountains are formed when two plates move together.
4. The Himalayan mountains were formed by the process of Indian plate pushing the Eurasian plate.
5. The forces of plate tectonics are responsible for the formation of Andes.
6. The Nazce plate and a part of the Antarctica plate have been subducting beneath the South American plate.
7. The Rockey mountains took shape during an intense period of plate tectonic activity that resulted in much of the rugged landscape of the Western North America.
8. The Laramide Orogeny was responsible for raising the Rocky mountains.

Question 14.
You may have noticed that many of the ‘scientific’ terms use Greek words. Why do you think do they use Greek words? Discuss with your teacher. (Text Book Page No. 14)
Answer:
In his communication a scientist is mainly concerned with exact and logical expression of that which he wishes to pass on to another. His purpose is to inform as clearly as possible. Each of his words must have a precise meaning and one meaning only so that there is no risk of confusion or ambiguity. The meanings of many ordinary words of our language are not single and precise. The use of words which are ‘set apart’ from everyday life also enables the scientist to avoid evoking irrelevant and distorting associations.

In addition to precision of meaning and freedom from associations most scientific words by their form and structure they reveal something of their meanings. Many scientific words are built from simpler word-elements usually of Greek origin. Some words are self-explanatory if the Greek roots are known.

Scientific language to be efficient must be universally intelligible. The classical language Greek is so fundamental to the civilised world. The words constructed from this language can easily be learnt to be translated.

So scientific terms use Greek words.

Question 14.
Are all rocks on the earth formed in the mid-ocean ridges? (Text Book Page No. 17)
Answer:
No. All the rocks on the earth are not formed in the mid-ocean ridges. Only ocean rocks or crust are formed of the mid-ocean ridges. These are formed by lava rising up from the mantle. The eruptions on the ridges create new ocean floor made of basalt rocks, which then spreads laterally from the ridge. The first order landforms such as oceans and continents are formed at the time when the hot earth was cooling. While the earth’s interior continued to cool, it contracted and the outer crust wrinkled forming ridges i.e., mountains and basins i.e., oceans. The second order landforms such as plains, plateaus and mountains are formed as a result of the internal processes of the earth. The third order landforms such as carved mountains, valleys, deltas, sand dunes are formed as a result of the shaping of the land forms by wind, water.

Question 15.
Why do you think we don’t feel any of these mighty changes taking place on the earth? Is it because they don’t affect us? Do you think these changes affect us at all? (Text Book Page No. 17)
Answer:

• Two kinds of changes take place in the Lithosphere – first the very slow movements leading to the formation of the crust, movement of the continental plates and their eventual return to the mantle.
• Since these geophysical changes occur over thousands and even millions of years we don’t feel any of these changes.
• Secondly the sudden and dramatic eruption of volcanoes and earthquakes.
• The sudden movements can be destructive and cause much damage. At the same time they also lead to changes in landforms.

Question 16.
Compare the action of the river in the mountains and in the plains. In what ways are they similar and different?
Answer:
Similarities :

1. They carry something when they flow across the two landforms.
2. They have streams in both the areas.
3. They change the surface of the earth.

Differences

In the mountains	In the plains
1. Rivers originate in mountains.	1. Rivers run and flow across the plains.
2. They flow very fast.	2. They flow slowly.
3. They carry the rocks.	3. They deposit the sediments here.
4. They form gorges and canyons here.	4. They form deltas here.

From the mountains to delta, a river does not just flow – it changes the surface of the earth.

It cuts rocks, moves boulders, and deposits sediments.
It constantly attempts to carve away all the mountains in its path.

The goal of the river is to create a wide, flat valley which it can flow smoothly towards the ocean.

That is the relation between the mountains and plains.

Question 17.
Why is a flood plain more suited to human habitation compared to mountains? (Text Book Page No. 23)
Answer:
Disadvantages of mountains :

1. High elevation on mountains produces colder climates than at sea level.
2. These colder climates strongly affect the human habitation.
3. Climate of mountains to be used less for agriculture.
4. Abundant water supply.
5. Fertile land – rich for farming and agriculture.
6. Easy to develop than hilly regions.
7. Flood water can be stored temporarily.
8. Many civilizations are flourished on the banks of the rivers.
   These are all more suited to human habitation compared to mountains.

Question 18.
Recall the life of people living in the hills or flood plains that you may have read of. (Text Book Page No. 23)
Answer:
Bison hills are spread in both Bhadradri Kothagudem and W. Godavari districts along either banks of the river Godavari. Many tribal communities live in the hill tracts of this region with their own special life.

These tribals live in small habitations – about 5 to 10 hutments in one place. The habitations are far from each other.

Konda Reddys grow crops in a distinct way called Podu. When rains arrive in June they dibble seeds with the help of digging seeds.

Except for a few months during and after harvest, Konda Reddy women and children are engaged in collection of edible forest produce for subsistence.

There are no rivers or wells in this area. They fetch water from natural springs.

These hill tribes are very few in number but they follow a pattern of life which is very ancient.

SCERT AP Board 9th Class Social Solutions 1st Lesson Our Earth Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Social Studies Solutions 1st Lesson Our Earth

9th Class Social Studies 1st Lesson Our Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Improve Your Learning

Question 1.
Look at the map of India in an Atlas and identify latitude and longitude for the following places.
a) Kanyakumari ………………. and ………………. .
b) Imohal ………………. and ………………. .
c) Jaisalmer ………………. and ………………. .
d) Pune ………………. and ………………. .
e) Patna ………………. and ………………. .
Answer:
a) Kanyakumari : 77°36′ E longitude and 8°35′ N latitude
b) Imphal : 93°58′ E longitude and 24°44′ N latitude
c) Jaisalmer : 26°55′ N latitude and 70°54′ E longitude
d) Pune : 18°32′ N latitude and 73°52’E longitude
e) Patna : 27°34′ N latitude and 81°46′ E longitude

Question 2.
Identify the words that match with Latitude and Longitude (parallel lines, vertical lines, horizontal lines)
Answer:
Latitudes are horizontal and parallel lines. Longitudes are vertical lines.

Question 3.
Look at the world map of time zones in the Text page 13.
a) If you travel from Vijayawada to Paris to which time zone are you moving?
b) If you are travelling from Hyderabad to Tokyo which time zone are you moving? ……………………… .
Answer:
a) – 5.30 hrs time zone
b) – 3.30 hrs time zone.

Question 4.
Why is it difficult to study the formation of the earth and its structure?
Answer:
Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main events of the earth’s past. The age of the earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe. Biological and geographical change has been constantly occurring on our planet since the time of its formation. The process of plate tectonics has played a major role in the shaping of earth’s oceans and continents as well as the life on it.

It took us years of scientific investigation and analysis of data to form an understanding of the interiors of the earth. The main reason for this is that even the deepest mines we have dug do not go beyond a few kilometers under the surface while the radius or the distance to the centre of the earth is over 6000 kilometers.

Thus it is very difficult to study the formation of the earth and its structure.

Question 5.
Read the paragraph under the heading of “Internal structure of the earth” and answer the question.

Internal Structure of the Earth : Let us look at the internal structure of the Earth we live on. We can see the continuity from the early days of the formation of the earth as we try to look deep inside the Earth! It took us years of scientific investigation and analysis of data to form an understanding of the interior of the Earth. The main reason for this is that even the deepest mines we have dug do not go beyond a few kilometres under the surface while the radius or the distance to the centre of the earth is over 6000 kilometres!

How can you say the earth is still very active?
Answer:

• The matter deep inside the mantle shoots up through volcanoes and fissures on ocean floors.
• In many regions on the earth part of the earth’s crust enters into the mantle and once again becomes molten.
• The crust is still being changed by earthquakes, volcanoes, subduction of land and rise of mountains due to the processes happening deep down the earth.
• This constant process of formation and destruction of the earth’s crust explains the fact that the earth is still very active.

Question 6.
What is a grid and how does it help us?
(OR)
Write any two uses of the ‘Grid system’ located on the globe.
Answer:
Grid : A grid is a sqaure or a rectangle that is formed between when two latitudes and longitudes out across each other. In other words the network of latitudes and longitudes drawn on the globe is called a ‘grid’.

Uses of grid:
1. Network of latitudes and longitudes is called a Grid.

2. Uses of a grid :
a) To locate a place
b) How hot or cold it would be there,
c) To know the time.

Question 7.
Differentiate between
a) Local and Standard time
b) Equator and Prime meridian.
Answer:
a) Difference between Local and Standard time :

Local Time	Standard Time
1) The time of a place when the mid day sun is over head is called local time.	1) The local time of the standard meridian of a country is called a standard time.
2) It changes from place to place.	2) It remains same for that particular country.
3) The place on the same longitude has the same local time.	3) The place on the same longitude has the different standard time.

Example: If the 1ST is 12.00 noon, the local of Mumbai is 39 minutes – 1ST = 11.21 minutes a.m.
Since Mumbai is on 72°82′ east longitudes, it is 9°45′ behind the 82°30′. Thus the local time of Mumbai is 9.45 x 4 = 38 minutes.

b) Differences between Equator and Prime meridian :

Equator	Prime meridian
1) Equator is 0° latitude.	1) Prime meridian is 0° longitude.
2) Equator divides the earth into parts, i.e. Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere.	2) The Prime meridian divides the earth into two equal parts i.e., Eastern hemisphere and the Western hemisphere.
3) Equator is a circle.	3) Prime meridian is a semi-circle.
4) It is an imaginary line that runs east and west around the exact middle of the globe. (A horizontal line)	4) It is an imaginary line running from pole to pole and passing through Greenwich, England. (A vertical line)

Question 8.
If every state follows its local time then what problems will rise?
Answer:
If every state follows4ts local time, a lot of serious problems would rise. Some of them are being discussed hereunder.

1. At the time of national calamities and disasters, it is very difficult for the national government to make necessary emergency announcement.
2. At the time of wars and national emergency, it is very difficult for the national government to alert all the defensive forces stationed in all the state capitals and the naval forces of all the coastal states.
3. It is very difficult for Televisions and Radios to follow a single schedule to broadcast their programmes.
4. Railways faces a difficult problem in preparing a timetable for its trains that travel through many states.

Question 9.
With the help of your teachers find out the standard meridian of given countries.
1. Nepal
2. Pakistan
3. Bangladesh
4. England
5. Malasiya
6. Japan
Answer:
1. Nepal : 88°45’East is the Standard Time Meridian of Nepal
2. Pakistan : 74°22′ East .
3. Bangladesh : 90°24′ East
4. England : 0°07′ West
5. Malaysia : 100° East
6. Japan : 90° East

Question 10.
Make a thought provoking poster on the earth’s protection.
Answer:

9th Class Social Studies 1st Lesson Our Earth InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Tick the factors which cause the formation of seasons on the earth : (Text Book Page No. 3)
a) Daily rotation of the earth on its axis.
b) Monthly movement of the Moon around the Earth.
c) Rotation of the Sun on its axis.
d) Revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
e) Tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation to its orbital plane.
f) Spherical shape of the Earth.
g) Earth’s distance from Sun during the annual revolution.
Answer:
d) (✓)
e) (✓)
g) (✓)

Question 2.
We cannot hope to travel to the mantle to study it. But we can study substances from the mantle. Can you tell what these substances would be and how we can get them? (Text Book Page No. 5)
Answer:
1) The thickness of the mantle is 100 – 2900 kms. So we cannot hope to travel to the mantle to study it.
2) Interestingly the matter from the deep inside the mantle shoots up through volcanoes and fissures on ocean floors and cools down to form the earth’s crust.
3) Thus by studying the lava or magma or the substances brought up through the fissures, we can study the substances from the mantle.

Question 3.
When it is 12 noon in Greenwich (0°), what is the local time at: (Text Book Page No. 12)
a) Mumbai (73° E)
b) Chicago (87°30′ W)
c) Sydney (151° E)
Answer:
a) Mumbai (73° E) :
Local time at Mumbai is : 73 × 4 = 292 minutes, i.e. 4 hours 52 minutes. That means the local time at Mumbai is 4 hours 52 minutes after 12 noon i.e., 12.00 + 4.52 = 4.52 p.m.

b) Chicago (87°30′ W):
Local time at Chicago is : 87°30′ × 4 = 350 minutes, i.e. 6 hours 50 minutes. That means the local time at Chicago is 6 hours 50 minutes less than 12.00 noon at Greenwich. i.e. 12.00 – 6.50 = 5.10 a.m.

c) Sydney (151° E): Local time at Sydney is 151° × 4 = 604 minutes, i.e. 10 hours 4 minutes before Greenwich time.
That means the local time at Sydney is 12.00 + 10.04 = 10.04 p.m

Question 4.
Why do you think people today are curious to know about the secrets of distant stars and galaxies and the beginning of the universe? (Text Book Page No. 2)
Answer:
Today people are curious to know about the secrets of the distant stars and galaxies and the beginning of the universe
a) to understand the stars that shine there.
b) to understand the sun, the moon and the planets which keep moving across the sky.
c) to understand what are these and in what way they are related to us and how they affect us.
d) to know how they move and work.
e) to know whether there is any life on any other planet.

Question 5.
Swathi works for a call centre in Hyderabad. Her clients are in the U.S.A. She answers clients’ questions about the computer problems. She always works during the night. Why is this? Use geography to find out! (Text Book Page No. 12)
Answer:
Indian Standard Time is the time observed in India. Its time offset is UTC + 5.30.
United Standard Time is the Central Standard Time. Its time is GMT – 6.00. Thus there is a difference of 11½ hours between Indian Standard Time and American Standard Time. Thus if it is day time in America, in India it is night time. If an American client asks Swathi a question at 11 am in America, Swathi has to answer the same at 10.30 p.m the same day. Thus Swathi should always work at night to answer his clients from the U.S.A.

Question 6.
In earlier classes we have studied about hemisphere. Let us revise it in the image below. (Text Book Page No. 8)

With the help of the above maps complete the following table.

Hemisphere	Continents
Northern hemisphere
Western hemisphere
Southern hemisphere
Eastern hemisphere

Answer:

Hemisphere	Continents
Northern hemisphere	Asia, Europe, North America
Western hemisphere	North America, South America, Antarctica
Southern hemisphere	South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia
Eastern hemisphere	Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Europe

Question 7.
Look at the following pictures. (Text Book Page No. 6)

Now answer the following questions.
1. Look carefully at the map of the world, do you find some continents looking as if they are two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle? Name those continents. (Text Book Page No. 7)
Answer:
By observing the maps of the world from 220 million years ago up to the present world, we can find the following continents look as if they are two pieces of jigsaw puzzle. They are :
1) North America and North West Africa.
2) South America and Western Africa.
3) Nothern Africa and Eurasia.
4) Eastern Africa and India.
5) South Eastern Africa and Antarctica.
6) Antarctica and Australia.

2. In which direction Australia is moving?
Answer:
Australia is moving in eastern direction.

3. In which direction India is moving?
Answer:
India is moving in northern direction.

Question 8.
Look at the following map. (Text Book Page No. 12)

Using your Atlas, find out how many standard time zones these countries have :
a) U.S.A
b) Australia
c) Russia
d) Japan
e) Zimbabwe and
f) Chile.
Answer:
a) U.S.A :
The United States uses nine standard time zones. From east to west they are Atlantic Standard Time, Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, Pacific Standard Time, Alaskan Standard Time, Hawai – Aleutian Standard time, Samoa Standard Time and Chamorro Standard Time.

b) Australia :
Australia uses three standard time zones.
a) Australia Eastern Standard Time (GMT + 10)
b) Australia Central Standard Time (GMT + 9½)
a) Australia Western Standard Time (GMT + 8)

c) Russia :
There are 9 time zones in Russia.
a) Kaliningrad Time – UTC + 3
b) Moscow Time – UTC + 4
c) Yaketerinburg Time – UTC + 6
d) Omsk Time – UTC + 7
e) Krasnoyarsk Time – UTC + 8
f) Irkutsk Time – UTC + 9
g) Yakutsk Time – UTC + 10
h) Vladivostok Time – UTC + 11
i) Magadan Time – UTC + 12

d) Japan :
Japan Standard Time – UTC + 9

e) Zimbabwe :
Zimbabwe uses Central Africa Time zone : UTC + 2h standard time

f) Chile :
Since Chile uses daylight saving time, in total 4 time zones are used.

Question 9.
Initially people thought that the earth was in the centre of the universe and human beings the most important creation. What difference does it make to us to know that we are a small insignificant speck in this vast universe? (Text Book Page No. 2)
Answer:
The earth we live on seems big and very important to us. But in the universe as a whole, it is tiny and very insignificant speck of rock. To put things into perspective earth is just a small planet in the solar system, part of a family of bodies that circle round the sun. The sun is just one of billions of stars that makes up our galaxy, and this galaxy is just one of billions that make up a universe bigger than most of us can imagine.

Question 10.
Do you think the Earth was created suddenly or do you think it was formed by long drawn and complex processes? (Text Book Page No. 4)
Answer:
The Earth began to form around four and a half billion years ago. The earth has reached its present form through several phases but not created suddenly.

• It began as a ball of swirling dust and clouds and passed through a molten stage.
• The molten Earth was very hot and was constantly bombarded by massive rocks and other materials from the space. In this way the size of the earth grew.
• When the earth was so hot and in liquid form the heavier particles went to the bottom and formed core and the mantle.
• The lighter particles cooled at the top and formed the crust.
• While the earth’s interior was cooling, it contracted and outer crust wrinkled forming ridges (i.e., mountains) and basins (i.e., oceans)
• It took a long time for the air we breathe to develop.
  Thus we can say that the earth was not created suddenly but formed through several phases.

Question 11.
Some people believe that our being on this earth is the result of a series of fortuitous accidents – it is quite possible that there may not have been any life on the earth. Do you agree? Give your reasons. (Text Book Page No 4)
Answer:
Yes, the earth’s creatures have evolved through a series of contingent and fortuitous events.
1. Our earth is just the right distance from the sun to have a stable orbit. Our orbit keeps us from getting too hot or too cold to survive. Any closer we’d burn up, any farther away we’d freeze to death.

2. Our earth is perfect in both size and mass. Mass is critically important to the formation of an atmosphere. If the earth’s mass were less dense, an atmosphere could not have formed and remained. If it were more dense, the atmosphere would have been uninhabitable.

3. Our earth has just the right mix of the 27 elements needed for life, including carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, sodium, and copper.

4. Our earth has just right amount of water in the proper ratios of liquid, solid, and gas.

A little more and the continents would probably be totally overrun with water and literally, drown. Any less and the temperature of the earth would probably be too hot making life unbearable here.

Thus we can say that our being on this earth is the result of fortuitous accidents.

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Textbook Solutions Study Material Pdf in English Medium and Telugu Medium are part of AP Board Solutions.

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide

• AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Physical Science Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Biology Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class English Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Hindi Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Telugu Solutions
• AP 9th Class Telugu Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Maths Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Physical Science Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Biology Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Maths Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Physical Science Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Biology Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Social Studies Bits with Answers
• AP State Board 9th Class Maths Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Physical Science Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Biology Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Social Studies Notes

 

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Hindi Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide Pdf free download are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Hindi Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide

• Chapter 1 जिस देश में गंगा बहती है..
• Chapter 2 गानेवाली चिड़िया
• Chapter 3 बदलें अपनी सोच
• उपवाचक Chapter 1 तारे ज़मीं पर
• Chapter 4 प्रकृति की सीख
• Chapter 5 फुटबॉल
• Chapter 6 बेटी के नाम पत्र
• उपवाचक Chapter 2 सम्मक्का-सारक्का जातरा
• Chapter 7 मेरा जीवन
• Chapter 8 यक्ष प्रश्न
• Chapter 9 रमज़ान
• उपवाचक Chapter 3 बुद्धिमान बालक
• Chapter 10 अमर वाणी
• Chapter 11 सुनीता विलियम्स
• Chapter 12 जागो ग्राहक जागो!
• उपवाचक Chapter 4 अपना स्थान स्वयं बनायें
• पत्र लेखन
• निबंध लेखन
• शब्दकोश

 

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Maths Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide Pdf free download in English Medium and Telugu Medium are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

Students can also go through AP Board 9th Class Maths Notes to understand and remember the concepts easily. Students can also read AP 9th Class Maths Important Questions for exam preparation.

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Maths Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide

AP State 9th Class Maths Study Material Chapter 1 Real Numbers

• Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.3
• Chapter 1 Real Numbers Ex 1.4
• Chapter 1 Real Numbers InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation

• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation Ex 2.5
• Chapter 2 Polynomials and Factorisation InText Questions

AP 9th Class Textbook Pdf Download Chapter 3 The Elements of Geometry

• Chapter 3 The Elements of Geometry Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 The Elements of Geometry InText Questions

AP 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Lines and Angles

• Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 Lines and Angles Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 Lines and Angles InText Questions

9th Class Maths TS State Syllabus Guide Pdf Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry

• Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry Ex 5.3
• Chapter 5 Co-Ordinate Geometry InText Questions

AP 9th Class Maths Textbook State Syllabus Solutions Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables

• Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables Ex 6.4
• Chapter 6 Linear Equation in Two Variables InText Questions

AP Board 9th Class Maths Guide Chapter 7 Triangles

• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 Triangles InText Questions

AP SCERT 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals

• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.3
• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.4
• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Statistics

• Chapter 9 Statistics Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 Statistics Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 Statistics InText Questions

9th Class Maths Textbook State Syllabus Pdf Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes

• Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 10.3
• Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 10.4
• Chapter 10 Surface Areas and Volumes InText Questions

AP State Board 9th Class Maths Syllabus Chapter 11 Areas

• Chapter 11 Areas Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 Areas Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 Areas Ex 11.3
• Chapter 11 Areas InText Questions

AP 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Circles

• Chapter 12 Circles Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 Circles Ex 12.2
• Chapter 12 Circles Ex 12.3
• Chapter 12 Circles Ex 12.4
• Chapter 12 Circles Ex 12.5
• Chapter 12 Circles InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Textbook Pdf Chapter 13 Geometrical Constructions

• Chapter 13 Geometrical Constructions Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 Geometrical Constructions Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 Geometrical Constructions InText Questions

9th Class Maths Solution Pdf Chapter 14 Probability

• Chapter 14 Probability Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 Probability InText Questions

9th Class Maths Textbook Telugu Medium Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics

• Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics Ex 15.1
• Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics Ex 15.2
• Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics Ex 15.3
• Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics Ex 15.4
• Chapter 15 Proofs in Mathematics InText Questions

AP Board 9th Class Maths Textbook Solutions in Telugu Medium

AP State 9th Class Maths Study Material Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు

• Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు Ex 1.3
• Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు Ex 1.4
• Chapter 1 వాస్తవ సంఖ్యలు InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన

• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన Ex 2.5
• Chapter 2 బహుపదులు మరియు కారణాంక విభజన InText Questions

AP 9th Class Textbook Pdf Download Chapter 3 జ్యామితీయ మూలాలు

• Chapter 3 జ్యామితీయ మూలాలు Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 జ్యామితీయ మూలాలు InText Questions

AP 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు

• Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 సరళ రేఖలు మరియు కోణములు InText Questions

9th Class Maths TS State Syllabus Guide Pdf Chapter 5 నిరూపక జ్యామితి

• Chapter 5 నిరూపక జ్యామితి Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 నిరూపక జ్యామితి Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 నిరూపక జ్యామితి Ex 5.3
• Chapter 5 నిరూపక జ్యామితి InText Questions

AP 9th Class Maths Textbook State Syllabus Solutions Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు

• Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు Ex 6.4
• Chapter 6 రెండు చరరాశులలో రేఖీయ సమీకరణాలు InText Questions

AP Board 9th Class Maths Guide Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు

• Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 త్రిభుజాలు InText Questions

AP SCERT 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు

• Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు Ex 8.3
• Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు Ex 8.4
• Chapter 8 చతుర్భుజాలు InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 సాంఖ్యక శాస్త్రము

• Chapter 9 సాంఖ్యక శాస్త్రము Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 సాంఖ్యక శాస్త్రము Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 సాంఖ్యక శాస్త్రము InText Questions

9th Class Maths Textbook State Syllabus Pdf Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు

• Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు Ex 10.3
• Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు Ex 10.4
• Chapter 10 ఉపరితల వైశాల్యములు మరియు ఘనపరిమాణములు InText Questions

AP State Board 9th Class Maths Syllabus Chapter 11 Areas

• Chapter 11 వైశాల్యాలు Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 వైశాల్యాలు Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 వైశాల్యాలు Ex 11.3
• Chapter 11 వైశాల్యాలు InText Questions

AP 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Circles

• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు Ex 12.2
• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు Ex 12.3
• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు Ex 12.4
• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు Ex 12.5
• Chapter 12 వృత్తాలు InText Questions

AP State 9th Class Maths Textbook Pdf Chapter 13 జ్యామితీయ నిర్మాణాలు

• Chapter 13 జ్యామితీయ నిర్మాణాలు Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 జ్యామితీయ నిర్మాణాలు Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 జ్యామితీయ నిర్మాణాలు InText Questions

9th Class Maths Solution Pdf Chapter 14 సంభావ్యత

• Chapter 14 సంభావ్యత Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 సంభావ్యత InText Questions

9th Class Maths Textbook Telugu Medium Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు

• Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు Ex 15.1
• Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు Ex 15.2
• Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు Ex 15.3
• Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు Ex 15.4
• Chapter 15 గణితములో నిరూపణలు InText Questions

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Textbook Solutions & Study Material

• AP Board 9th Class Maths Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Physical Science Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Biology Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Social Studies Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class English Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Hindi Solutions
• AP Board 9th Class Telugu Solutions
• AP 9th Class Telugu Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Maths Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Physical Science Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Biology Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Social Studies Important Questions
• AP 9th Class Maths Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Physical Science Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Biology Bits with Answers
• AP 9th Class Social Studies Bits with Answers
• AP State Board 9th Class Maths Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Physical Science Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Biology Notes
• AP State Board 9th Class Social Studies Notes

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class English Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide Pdf free download are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class English Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide

Unit 1 Humour

• A. The Snake and the Mirror
• B. The Duck and the Kangaroo (Poem)
• C. Little Bobby

Unit 2 Games and Sports

• A. True Height
• B. What is a Player? (Poem)
• C. V.V.S. Laxman, Very Very Special

Unit 3 School Life

• A. Swami is Expelled from School
• B. Not Just a Teacher, but a Friend (Poem)
• C. Homework

Unit 4 Environment

• A. What is Man without the Beasts?
• B. The River (Poem)
• C. Can’t Climb Trees Any More

Unit 5 Disasters

• A. A Havoc of Flood
• B. Grabbing Everything on the Land (Poem)
• C. The Ham Radio

Unit 6 Freedom

• A. A Long Walk to Freedom
• B. Freedom (Poem)
• C. An Icon of Civil Rights

 

Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Telugu Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide Pdf free download are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

Students can also read AP Board 9th Class Telugu Important Questions for exam preparation.

AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Telugu Textbook Solutions Study Material Guide

• Chapter 1 శాంతికాంక్ష
• Chapter 2 స్వభాష
• Chapter 3 శివతాండవం
• Chapter 4 ప్రేరణ
• Chapter 5 పద్యరత్నాలు
• Chapter 6 ప్రబోధం
• Chapter 7 ఆడినమాట
• Chapter 8 చూడడమనే కళ
• Chapter 9 భూమి పుత్రుడు
• Chapter 10 బతుకు పుస్తకం
• Chapter 11 ధర్మదీక్ష
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 1 స్వామి వివేకానంద
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 2 నేనూ సావిత్రీబాయిని
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 3 నేనెరిగిన బూర్గుల
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 4 గిడుగు వేంకట రామమూర్తి
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 5 ఆచార్య భద్రిరాజు కృష్ణమూర్తి
• ఉపవాచకం Chapter 6 ధృవతారలు
• లేఖలు
• వ్యాసాలు
• 9th Class Telugu Grammar

Telangana & Andhra Pradesh SCERT AP State Board Syllabus 9th Class Biology Study Material, 9th Class Biology Guide Pdf free download, TS AP 9th Class Biology Textbook Questions and Answers Solutions in English Medium and Telugu Medium are part of AP Board 9th Class Textbook Solutions.

Students can also go through AP Board 9th Class Biology Notes to understand and remember the concepts easily. Students can also read AP 9th Class Biology Important Questions for exam preparation.

AP State Syllabus 9th Class Biology Study Material Guide Textbook Solutions Pdf Free Download

AP 9th Class Biology Study Material Pdf | 9th Class Biology Guide Pdf | AP State 9th Class Biology Textbook Pdf Download

AP 9th Class Biology Study Material English Medium Pdf

• Chapter 1 Cell its Structure and Functions
• Chapter 2 Plant Tissues
• Chapter 3 Animal Tissues
• Chapter 4 Movement of Materials Across the Cell Membrane
• Chapter 5 Diversity in Living Organism
• Chapter 6 Sense Organs
• Chapter 7 Animal Behaviour
• Chapter 8 Challenges in Improving Agricultural Products
• Chapter 9 Adaptations in Different Ecosystems
• Chapter 10 Soil Pollution
• Chapter 11 Bio Geo Chemical Cycles

AP 9th Class Biology Study Material Pdf in Telugu Medium

AP Board Solutions Class 9 Biology | 9th Class Biology Question Bank Pdf | 9th Class Biology Textbook Questions and Answers Solutions

• Chapter 1 కణ నిర్మాణం – విధులు
• Chapter 2 వృక్ష కణజాలం
• Chapter 3 జంతు కణజాలం
• Chapter 4 ప్లాస్మా పొర గుండా పదార్థాల కదలిక
• Chapter 5 జీవులలో వైవిధ్యం
• Chapter 6 జ్ఞానేంద్రియాలు
• Chapter 7 జంతువులలో ప్రవర్తన
• Chapter 8 వ్యవసాయోత్పత్తుల పెంపుదల – మన ముందున్న సవాళ్లు
• Chapter 9 వివిధ ఆవరణ వ్యవస్థలలో అనుకూలనాలు
• Chapter 10 నేల కాలుష్యం
• Chapter 11 జీవ భౌగోళిక రసాయనిక వలయాలు