Class 8

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Factorisation Ex 12.2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class Maths Solutions 12th Lesson Factorisation Exercise 12.2

Question 1.
Factorise the following expression
i) a² + 10a +25
ii) l² – 16l + 64
iii) 36x² + 96xy + 64y²
iv) 25x² + 9y² – 30xy
v) 25m²– 40mn + 1 6n²
vi) 81x² – 198 xy + 12ly²
vii) (x+y)² – 4xy
(Hint : first expand ( x + y)² )
viii) l⁴ + 4l²m² + 4m⁴
Solution:
i) a² + 10a +25
= (a)² + 2 × a × 5 + (5)²
It is in the form of a² + 2ab + b²
a² + 2ab + b²= (a + b)²
∴ a² + 10a + 25 = (a + 5)² = (a + 5) (a + 5)

ii) l² – 16l + 64
l² – 16l + 64
= (l)² – 2 × l × 8 + (8)²
It is in the form of a² – 2ab + b²
a² – 2ab + b² = (a – b)²
∴ l² – 16l + 64 = (l – 8)² = (l – 8) (l – 8)

iii) 36x² + 96xy + 64y²
36x² + 96xy + 64y²
= (6x)² + 2 × 6x × 8y + (8y)²
It is in the form of a² + 2ab + b²
a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
∴ 36x² + 96xy + 64y²
= (6x + 8y)² = (6x + 8y) (6x + 8y)

iv) 25x² + 9y² – 30xy
25x² + 9y² – 30xy
= (5x)² + (3y)² – 2 × 5x × 3y
It is in the form of a² + b² – 2ab
a² + b² – 2ab = (a – b)²
∴ 25x² + 9y² – 30xy
= (5x – 3y)² = (5x – 3y) (5x – 3y)

v) 25m²– 40mn + 1 6n²
25m² – 40mn + 16n²
= (5m)² – 2 × 5m × 4n + (4n)²
It is in the form of a² – 2ab + b²
a² – 2ab + b² = (a – b)²
∴ 25m² – 40mn + 16n²
= (5m – 4n)²
= (5m – 4n) (5m – 4n)

vi) 81x² – 198 xy + 12ly²
81x² – 198xy + 121y²
= (9x)² – 2 × 9x × 11y + (11y)²
It is in the form of a² – 2ab + b²
a² – 2ab + b² = (a – b)²
∴ 81x² – 198xy + 121y²
= (9x – 11y)² – (9x – 11y) (9x – 11y)

vii) (x+y)² – 4xy
(Hint : first expand ( x + y)² )
= (x + y)² – 4xy
= x² + y² + 2xy – 4xy
= x² + y² – 2xy = (x – y)² = (x – y)(x – y)

viii) l⁴ + 4l²m² + 4m⁴
l⁴ + 4l²m² + 4m⁴
= (l²)² + 2 × l² × 2m² + (2m²)²
It is in the form of a² + 2ab + b²
a² + 2ab + b² = (a – b)²
∴ l⁴ + 4l²m² + 4m⁴
= (l² + 2m²)² = (l² + 2m²) (l² + 2m²)

Question 2.
Factorise the following
i) x² – 36
ii) 49x² – 25y²
iii) m² – 121
iv) 81 – 64x²
v) x²y² – 64
vi) 6x² – 54
vii) x² – 81
viii) 2x -32 x⁵
ix) 81x⁴ – 121x²
x) (p² – 2pq + q²)-r²
xi) (x+y)² – (x-y)²
Solution:
i) x² – 36
x² – 36
⇒ (x)² – (6)² is in the form of a² – b²
a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b)
∴ x² – 36 = (x + 6) (x – 6)

ii) 49x² – 25y²
= (7x)² – (5y)²
= (7x + 5y) (7x – 5y)

iii) m² – 121
m² -121
= (m)² – (11)²
= (m + 11) (m – 11)

iv) 81 – 64x²
81 – 64x²
= (9)² – (8x)²
= (9 + 8x) (9 – 8x)

v) x²y² – 64
= (xy)² – (8)²
= (xy + 8)(xy – 8)

vi) 6x² – 54
6x² – 54
= 6x² – 6 x 9 ‘
= 6(x² – 9)
= 6[(x)² – (3)²]
= 6(x + 3) (x – 3)

vii) x² – 81
x² – 81
= x² – 9²
= (x + 9 )(x – 9)

viii) 2x – 32 x⁵
2x – 32 x⁵
= 2x – 2x x 16x⁴
= 2 x (1 – 16x⁴)
= 2x [1²) – (4x²)²]
= 2x (1 + 4x²) (1 – 4x²)
= 2x (1 + 4x²) [(1⁵ – (2x)²]
= 2x (1 + 4x²) (1 + 2x) (1 – 2x)

ix) 81x⁴ – 121x²
81x⁴ – 121x²
– x² (81² – 121)
= x²[(9x)² – (11)²]
= x² (9x + 11) (9x -11)

x) (p² – 2pq + q²)-r²
(p² – 2pq + q²) – r²
= (p – q)² – (r)² [∵ p² – 2pq + q² = (p – q)²]
= (p – q + r) (p – q – r)

xi) (x + y)² – (x – y)²
(x + y)² – (x – y)²
It is in the form of a² – b²
a = x + y, b = x- y
∴ a² – b² =(a + b)(a-b)
= (x + y + x – y) [x + y- (x – y)]
= 2x [x + y-x + y]
= 2x x 2y = 4xy

Question 3.
Factorise the expressions
(i) lx² + mx
(ii) 7y² + 35Z²
(iii) 3x⁴ + 6x³y + 9x²Z
(iv) x² – ax – bx + ab
(v) 3ax – 6ay – 8by + 4bx
(vi) mn + m + n + 1
(vii) 6ab – b² + 12ac – 2bc
(viii) p²q – pr² – pq + r²
(ix) x (y + z) -5 (y + z)

(i) lx² + mx
lx² + mx
= l × x × x + m × x = x(lx + m)

(ii) 7y² + 35z²
7y²+ 35z²
= 7 × y² + 7 × 5 × z²
= 7(y² + 5z²)

(iii) 3x⁴ + 6x³y + 9x²Z
3x⁴ + 6x³y + 9x²Z
= 3 × x² × x² + 3 × 2 × x × x² × y + 3 × 3 × x² × z
= 3x² (x² + 2xy + 3z)

(iv) x² – ax – bx + ab
x² – ax – bx + ab
= (x² – ax) – (bx – ab)
= x(x – a) – b(x – a)
= (x – a) (x – b)

(v) 3ax – 6ay – 8by + 4bx
3ax – 6ay – 8by + 4bx
= (3ax – 6ay) + (4bx – 8by)
= 3a (x – 2y) + 4b (x – 2y)
= (x – 2y) (3a + 4b)

(vi) mn + m + n + 1
mn + m + n + 1
= (mn + m) + (n + 1)
= m (n + 1) + (n + 1)
= (n + 1) (m + 1)

(vii) 6ab – b² + 12ac – 2bc
6ab – b² + 12ac – 2bc
= (6ab – b²) + (12ac – 2bc)
= (6 × a× b – b × b) + (6 × 2 × a × c – 2 × b × c)
= b [6a – b] + 2c [6a – b]
= (6a – b) (b + 2c)

(viii) p²q – pr² – pq + r²
p²q – pr² – pq + r²
= (p²q – pr²) – (pq – r²)
= (p × p × q – p × r × r) – (pq – r²)
= P(pq – r²) – (pq – r²) × 1
= (pq – r²)(p – 1)

(ix) x (y + z) -5 (y + z)
= x(y + z) – 5(y + z)
= (y + z) (x – 5)

Question 4.
Factorise the following
(i) x⁴ – y⁴
(ii) a⁴ – (b + c)⁴
(iii) l² – (m – n)²
(iv) 49x² – \(\frac{16}{25}\)
(v) x⁴ – 2x²y² + y⁴
(vi) 4 (a + b)² – 9 (a – b)²
Solution:
= (x²)² – (y²)² is in the form of a² – b²
a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b)
x⁴ – y⁴ = (x² + y²)(x² – y²)
= (x² + y²)(x + y)(x – y)

(ii) a⁴ – (b + c)⁴
a⁴ – (b + c)⁴
= (a²)² – [(b + c)²]²
= [a² + (b + c)²] [a² – (b + c)²] ,
= [a² + (b + c)²] (a + b + c) [a – (b + c)]
= [a² + (b + c)²] (a + b + c) (a – b – c)

(iii) l² – (m – n)²
l² – (m – n)²
= (l)² – (m – n)²
= [l + m – n] [l – (m – n)]
= [l + m -n] [l – m + n]

(iv) 49x² – \(\frac{16}{25}\)
= (7x)² – (\(\frac{4}{5}\))²
= (7x+ (\(\frac{4}{5}\)) (7x – (\(\frac{4}{5}\))

(v) x⁴ – 2x² y² + y⁴
= (x² )² – 2x² y² + (y² )²
It is in the form of a² – 2ab + b²
a² – 2ab + b² = (a – b)²
∴ x⁴ – 2x² y² + y⁴ = (x² – y² )²
= [(x)² – (y)² ]²
= [(x + y) (x – y)]²
= (x + y)² (x – y)²
[∵ (ab)^m = a ^m . bⁿ ]

(vi) 4 (a + b)² – 9 (a – b)²
4 (a + b)² – 9 (a – b)²
= [2(a + b)]² – [3(a – b)]²
= [2(a + b) + 3(a- b)] [2(a + b)-3(a- b)]
= (2a + 2b + 3a – 3b) (2a + 2b – 3a + 3b)
= (5a – b) (5b – a)

Question 5.
Factorise the following expressions
(i) a²+ 10a + 24
(ii) x² +9x + 18
(iii) p² – 10q + 21
(iv) x² – 4x – 32
Solution:
(i) a²+ 10a + 24
a² + 10a + 24 .
= a² + 6a + 4a + 24
= a x a + 6a + 4a + 6 × 4
= a(a + 6) + 4(a + 6)
= (a + 6) (a + 4) (or)
a² + 10a + 24

∴ a² + 10a + 24 = (a + 6) (a + 4)

(ii) x² + 9x + 18
x² + 9x + 18
= (x + 3) (x + 6)

∴ x² + 9x + 18 = (x + 3) (x + 6)

(iii) p² – 10q + 21
p² – 10p + 21
= (P – 7) (p – 3)

∴ p² – 10p + 21 = (p – 7)(p – 3)

(iv) x² – 4x – 32
x² – 4x – 32
= (x – 8) (x + 4)

∴ x² – 4x – 32 = (x – 8) (x + 4)

Question 6.
The lengths of the sides of a triangle are integrals, and its area is also integer. One side is 21 and the perimeter is 48. Find the shortest side.
Solution:
Perimeter of a triangle
= AB + BC + CA = 48
⇒ c + a + b = 48

The solutions of Harmeet, Rosy are wrong.

∴ Srikar had done it correctly.
⇒ 21 + a + b = 48
⇒ a + b = 48 – 21 = 27
∴ The lengths of a, b should be 10, 17
∴ a + b > c [the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the 3rd side]
∴ 10 + 17 > 2
27 > 21 (T).
∴ The length of the shortest side is 10 cm.

Question 7.
Find the values of ‘m’ for which x² + 3xy + x + my – in has two linear factors in x and y, with integer coefficients.
Solution:
Given equation is x² + 3xy + x + my – m ……….(1)
Let the two linear equations in x and y be (x + 3y + a) and (x + 0y + b).
Then (x + 3y + a) (x + 0y + b)
= x² + 0xy + bx + 3xy + 0y² + 3by + ax + 0y + ab
= x² + bx + ax + 3xy + 3by + ab ………….. (2)
Comparing equation (2) with (1),
x² + 3xy + x + my – m
= x² + (a + b)x + 3xy + 3by + ab
Equating the like terms on both sides,
ab = – m ………….. (3)
(a + b)x = x ⇒ a + b = 1 ……………. (4)
3by = my ⇒ 3b = m ⇒ b = \(\frac{\mathrm{m}}{3}\)
Substitute ‘b’ value in equation (4),
a = \(1-\frac{m}{3}=\frac{3-m}{3}\)
ab = -m
[ ∵ from (3)]
put a & b value then ,
\(\left(\frac{3-m}{3}\right)\left(\frac{m}{3}\right)\) = -m
\(\frac{3 \mathrm{~m}-\mathrm{m}^{2}}{9}\)= -m
⇒ 3m – m² = – 9m
⇒ m² – 12m = 0
⇒ m(m – 12) = 0
⇒ m = 0 (or) m = 12
lf m = 12

∴ b = \(\frac{12}{3}\) = 4&a = \(\frac{3-\mathrm{m}}{3}=\frac{3-12}{3}\)
= \(\frac{-9}{3}\) = -3
∴ Linear factors are (x + 3y – 3), (x + 4) If m = 0
b = \(\frac{0}{3}\) = 0 & a = \(\frac{3-0}{3}=\frac{3}{3}\) = 1
∴ Linear factors are (x + 3y + 1), x.

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6C The Dead Rat Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 6C The Dead Rat

8th Class English Chapter 6C The Dead Rat Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the mother do to make Madananka normal and settled in life?
Answer:
Madananka’s mother hoped that he would become normal and settle down if he was married. So, she got him married to a girl.

Question 2.
What kind of man was Yakshadatta?
Answer:
Yakshadatta was a well-to-do merchant. He lent money to the poor but capable persons. He was an intelligent person.

Question 3.
What did Ratnanka do with the dead rat?
Answer:
Ratnanka made a cup out of a leaf and placed the dead rat in that cup. He carried it through streets crying, A rat for sale !” A merchant purchased that dead rat for feeding his cat and gave him a handful of bengalgram.

Question 4.
How did the firewood which Ratnanka had collected fetch him a hundred gold coins?
Answer:
Ratnanka had collected the firewood from the woodcutters by offering each of them some soaked bengalgram and cold water. Ratnanka sold the firewood away for two rupees in the city. He gave one rupee to his grandmother towards savings and purchased a Kuncham of bengalgram with the other rupee. Out of this he soaked one kilo everyday and sat under the same tree with cold water. He collected many cart-loads of fuel within a month and sold it when there was a scarcity of firewood in the city. Thus the firewood fetched him a hundred gold coins.

Question 5.
How did Ratnanka show his gratitude to Yakshadatta?
Answer:
Ratnanka got a rat made of gold and kept it in a silver tray and carried in a procession with pomp. He led the procession to the residence of Yakshadatta. Ratnanka told Yakshadatta that he became a millionaire by his grace. He also told him that his wise saying and the capital which he borrowed from him made him a rich man. He told Yakshadatta that he had come to repay his debt in the shape of a golden rat and requested him to accept it as a symbol of his gratitude. Thus Ratnanka showed his gratitude to Yakshadatta.

Question 6.
How did Ratnanka help the woodcutters?
Answer:
Ratnanka offered each thirsty wood cutter some soaked bengalgram and cold water. The hungry and thirsty woodcutters were pleased with Ratnanka’s service.

Study Skills

Read the biographical write up on Dr. Kotnis again and write the timeline of the events referred to, in your notebook. A few events are shown here.
1. 1910 – Kotnis was born
………..
2. 1938 – Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr. Kotnis
Answer:

1. 1910 – Kotnis was born
2. 1938 – Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr. Kotnis
3. 1940 – He did operations for 72 hours non-stop without any sleep.
4. 1941 – He married Guo
5. 1942 – Hehadason
6. 1942 – He passed away and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village.
7. 1945 – Dr. Kotnis’ biography “One Who Never Returned” was written by Khwaja Abbas Ahmed.
8. 1946 – The movie based on Dr. Kotni& life, “Dr. Kotnis Kl Amar Kahani” was screened.
9. 1976 – Chinese Government built a memorial hail for Dr. Kotnis.
10. 1982 – China honoured him with stamp.
11. 1993 – India honoured him with stamp
12. 2005 – Dr. Kotnis’ grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival.

Project work

There are many old age homes in our society. Visit any one of them and interview any two persons.
Before you conduct an interview, prepare a questionnaire centred around the following items.
1. Name
2. Age
3. Gender
4. Social background
5. Reasons for coming to the old age home
6. Food served
7. Opinion about old age home
8. Other care
9. Improvements suggested
Write a report based on the interview and present it before the class.
Answer:


Report:
N. Prakasa Rao, a senior citizen, is a 65 year old person. Though he has a good position in the society, he has come to old age home as he is deserted by his children. He is very much satisfied with the conditions of the old age home. He feels that proper medical facility is also available there. He wants to have some kind of entertainment facility. N. Santha is a 62 year old senior citizen. Though she has been enjoying a good position in the society, she has come to the old age as she is neglected by her children. She feels that the balanced and healthy diet is served there. She feels that it is run very well and she is very happy with the services provided by specially trained persons. She opines that if there is a chance for religious service it would be a lot better.
The main reason for the alienation of the old people is that the young people don’t show them any love and affection. They forget the sacrifices made by their parents and desert them. They don’t care for them. So, the young persons should change their attitude. They should know the importance of human relations and values. They should prevent their parents from going to old age homes by showing them love and affection.

The Dead Rat Summary in English

Madananka was a young merchant living in Ujjain. As he lost his father, his mother brought him up with great affection and love. Unfortunately, he turned out to be a vagabond. Hoping he would become normal and settle down, his mother got him married to a girl but he became worse. One day he left his house deserting his mother and pregnant wife. His wife gave birth to a son and he was named Ratnanka. He too was brought up with affection and care and given good education. When he was ten, his grandmother told him to take up some business to earn their living. She advised him to go to Yakshadatta and borrow some money from him. Yakshadatta, a well-to-do merchant living in the neighbouring village, lent money to the poor but capable persons. Ratnanka met Yakshadatta and requested him to lend him some money for business. He promised Yakshadatta that he would repay the amount soon. Yakshadatta pointed towards a dead rat and told Ratnanka that it was the capital he could lend him. He also told that an intelligent man could earn millions with that dead rat. Ratnanka took the dead rat and kept it in a cup made out of a leaf. A merchant purchased it for feeding his cat and gave him a handful of bengalgram. Ratnanka took the bengalgram home and soaked it. Then he added some salt and pepper to the bengalgram. He offered some soaked bengalgram and cold water to the hungry and thirsty woodcutters. They were pleased with his service and gave him two pieces of firewood each. Ratnanka sold the firewood away for two rupees in the city. He gave one rupee to his grandmother towards savings and purchased bengalgram with the other rupee. Again he offered soaked bengalgram and cold water to the woodcutters. In this way he collected many cart-loads of fuel within a month. When there was scarcity of firewood in the city, he sold the firewood and earned a hundred gold coins. He became one of the leading merchants in that city within two years. Then he wanted to show his gratitude to Yakshadatta. He got a rat made of gold and carried it in a procession to the residence of Yakshadatta. Ratnanka told Yakshadatta his success story and requested him to accept the golden rat as repayment of the loan and also as a token of his gratitude. Yakshadatta was pleased with the intelligence and gratitude of Ratnanka.

The Dead Rat Glossary

vagabond (n): a person who has no home and usually no job, and who travels from a particular place

abscond (v): escape; or to go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from somewhere

stroll (n): a slow relaxed walk

generosity: the nature of giving money, time, gifts, kindness, etc.

eke out (phr.v): earn

menace (v): something that is likely to cause harm

incessant (adj): never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way

grieved (v): felt very sad

approached (v): went near to somebody

deserted (v): left somebody without help or support

capital (n): a large amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6B Be Thankful Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 6B Be Thankful

8th Class English Chapter 6B Be Thankful Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
The poet depicts different situations/aspects of life where we need to be thankful. What are they?
Answer:
We need to be thankful to the following situations/aspects of life:

1. When we don’t know something;
2. When we face difficult times;
3. When we have certain limitations;
4. When we face new challenges;
5. When we make mistakes;
6. When we are tired and weary;
7. When we suffer setbacks and
8. When we face troubles.

Question 2.
Do you agree to the poet’s idea? Yes/No? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, I agree to the poet’s ideas. We need to be thankful that we don’t already have everything we desire. If we get everything we desire, there will be nothing to look forward to do. If we don’t know something, we will try to learn about it. We grow in the difficult times. We try to find out a solution to get rid of our difficulties. When we have limitations, we try to overcome them. In the process of facing the new challenges, we will build our strength and character. Our mistakes will teach us valuable lessons. When we suffer setbacks it will bring out our innate powers. All these things make us perfect ones.

Question 3.
How do the difficulties help us grow? When will the troubles become blessings?
Answer:
The difficulties help us grow. When one faces difficulties, one tries to get rid of them. It makes the person to think in the right way and find the right solution. Thus he is able to get out of his difficulties. When one finds a way to be thankful for one’s troubles, the troubles become blessings.

Be Thankful Summary in English

We need to be thankful that we don’t already have everything we desire. There would be nothing to look forward to do if we get everything we desire. We need to be thankful when we don’t know something for it gives us the opportunity to learn. We need to be grateful when we face the difficult times as we grow during those times. We need to be thankful for our limitations as they give us opportunities for improvement. We need to be grateful for each new challenge as it will build our strength and character. We need to be thankful for our mistakes as they will teach us valuable lessons. We need to be thankful when we are tired and weary as it means we have made a difference. It is easy for all of us to be thankful for the good things. But we need to be thankful even for the setbacks to get a life of rich fulfillment. Gratitude can change a negative into a positive. We need to find a way to be thankful for our troubles as they can become our blessings.

Be Thankful Glossary

desire (n): a strong wish to have or do something

character (n): all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others

weary (adj): very tired

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 6A Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 6A Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis

8th Class English Chapter 6A Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Textbook Questions and Answers

Read the newspaper headline given below and answer the questions that follow.

International Nurses’ Day : President gives away Florence Nightingale Awards

President Pratibha Patil giving away Florence Nightingale Award to S. Hoikholhing on 12th May 2012.

Question 1.
Why are the nurses given awards on the name of Florence Nightingale?
Answer:
Florence Nightingale Awards are annually given for excellence in nursing. The main aim of giving these awards to the nurses is to recognize professional nurses for their contributions to direct patient care.

Question 2.
Do you know the name of any Indian who may have rendered any significant services in another country and is still remembered and honoured by the people there?
Answer:
Yes, I know the name of an Indian who rendered his significant services in another country and is still remembered and honoured by the people there. He is none other than Dr. Dwarakanath Shantaram Kotnis. He was one of the five Indian physicians dispatched to China to provide medical assistance during the second Sino-Japanese War. No other Indians can claim the kind of adulation and respect Dr. Kotnis enjoys in China.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Why was Dr. Kotnis sent to China?
Answer:
In 1937, the communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians to China during the Second Sino-Japanese War to help the soldiers. The President of the Indian National Congress, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose accepted the request and made arrangements to send a team of volunteer doctors. A medical team of five doctors M. Atal, M.Cholkar, D. Kotnis, B.K. Basu and D. Mukeiji was sent as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team in September 1938. Thus Dr. Kotnis was sent to China to help the Chinese soldiers.

Question 2.
What was Dr. Kotnis’ contribution to the Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital in China?
Answer:
Dr. Kotnis once served as Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital’s doctor. He took over the post of the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital after Dr. Norman Bethune passed away. He worked as a lecturer earlier for sometime in the military area at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School.

Question 3.
Why did Dr. Kotnis opt to stay back in China?
Answer:
After the Second Sino-Japanese War, all other doctors except Dr. Kotnis, returned to India. However, Dr. Kotnis decided to serve at the military base. So he opted to stay back in China.

Question 4.
How did the Chinese show their gratitude towards Dr. Kotnis?
Answer:
In order to cherish the memory of Dr. Kotnis, the Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. Along with the Candian Dr. Norman Bethune, he continues to be revered by the Chinese people. In April 2005, both their graves were covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival. A small museum there has a hand book which contains words that Kotnis wrote in his “Passage from India to China,” some of the instruments that the surgeon^ used at their time and many photogrpahs of doctors. China has honoured him with stamp in 1982.

Question 5.
Why was Mrs. Kotnis a regular invitee at the Indian Embassy functions in China?
Answer:
Mrs. Kotnis had been an honoured guest at many high-level diplomatic functions between China and India. She was a regular invitee at the Indian Embassy fuctions in China, because
the Chinese wanted to have good relationship with India. Not only that, to respect Dr. Kotnis’ selfless service to the Chinese, she was invited at the Indian Embassy functions in China.

Question 6.
What sort of person, do you think, was Dr. Kotnis? What are your impressions about him?
Answer:
Dr. Kotnis dedicated his entire life working as a battlefront doctor in China and rendered his selfless service to the injured Chinese soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Dr. Kotnis’ contribution towards humanity will be remembered forever. No single Indian has been more revered by ordinary Chinese than Dr. Kotnis. He was not only a hero but also a loved brother, husband and an adventurous young man.

II. Read the passage about Dr. Kotnis again and fill in the form given below.

1. Name:
2. Year of birth:
3. Place of birth:
4. Occupation:
5. Nationality:
6. Wife’s name:
7. Places of work and the positions held:
8. Honours given by China and India:
9. Date of death:
Answer:
1. Name Dwarakanath Kotnis
2. Year of birth 1910 (October 10,1910)
3. Place of birth Sholapur, Maharashtra
4. Occupation Doctor
5. Nationality Indian
6. Wife’s name Guo Qinglan
7. Places of work and the positions held:
(a) Yan’an → doctor
(b) Eighth Route Army General Hospital, North China → physician-in-charge
(c) Dr. Bethune Hygiene School → lecturer
(d) The Bethune International Peace Hospital → president
8. Honours given by China and India:
(a) The Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976.
(b) In April 2005, his grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival.
(c) A small museum there has a hand book which contains words that Kotnis wrote in his “Passage from India to China”.
(d) Both China and India honoured him with stamps in 1982 and 1993 respectively.
9. Date of death: 9th December, 1942.

Vocabulary

I. Here are some of the words that are related to the word ‘doctor’. In how many ways can you classify the following words?

profession	physician
specialization	neurologist
qualification	MBBS, MD
dress code	white coat
medicines	crocin
place of work	clinic, Hospital
service	treatment
tools	syringe
related vehicle	ambulance
target group	patient

Mapping these meanings through words is called semantic mapping. A set of words related in meaning are said to belong to the same semantic field.
e.g. : bus, driver, conductor, ticket, etc.
Write four words that belong to and that you can associate with the following words.
1. space                 (a)            (b)             (c)             (d)
2. business            (a)             (b)            (c)             (d)
3. occupation        (a)             (b)            (c)             (d)
4. travel                 (a)             (b)            (c)             (d)
Answer:
1. space                 (a) space-shuttle     (b) space travel     (c) space station      (d) spaceship
2. business            (a) selling                 (b) buying             (c) exports               (d) imports
3. occupation        (a) teacher               (b) driver               (c) collector             (d) conductor
4. travel                 (a) road                    (b) rail                   (c) sea travel            (d) air travel

II. Read the sentence given below.
Dr. Kotnis lost his heart to a Chinese woman.
What does the expression ‘lose heart’ in the above sentence mean?
Lost his heart means fell in love.
Here is one more expression using the word heart.
‘Eat your heart out’. (Suffer from envy or jealousy)
e.g.: I am going to New York next week. Eat your heart out!
e.g.: When he hears about your promotion he will eat his heart out.

III. Match the following.
1. have a heart         ( )      (a) sadness
2. broken heart        ( )      (b) no feelings
3. heavy heart          ( )      (c) a very deep thank you
4. take to heart        ( )      (d) be merciful
5. a heart of stone   ( )      (e) lost love
6. thanks from the bottom of my heart ( ) (f) take seriously
Answer:
ANSWERS
1 – d,
2 – e,
3 – a,
4 – f,
5 – b,
6 – c

Grammar

Coordination is a grammatical process by which two or more words phrases or clauses of the same rank are conjoined.
A conjunction that joins parts of a sentence (words, phrases or clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar in importance and structure is called a Coordinating Conjunction, e.g: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.
Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, yet, so, neither… nor, either…. or, not only
but also, both, etc.
Subordinate Conjunctions: when, before, after, since, while, as, till, until, whenever, as long as, as soon as, no sooner….than, then, scarcely, hardly,…. when, wherever, because, in order that, so….that, if, though, even though, whereas, as if, whether …. or, etc.

Compound Sentence and Complex Sentence

Observe the following sentences.
1. Dr. Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse.
2. I could not stop laughing when he told jokes.

• What are the main clauses in each sentence?
• How many subordinate clauses are there in sentences 1 and 2?

Dr. Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse, (two main clauses)
I could not stop laughing when he told jokes, (one main clause and one subordinate clause) I could not stop laughing’ is a main clause, ‘when he told jokes’ is a subordinate clause.

• A sentence which consists of two or more main clauses combined with coordinate conjuctions is called a Compound Sentence.
• A sentence which consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses combined with subordinate conjuctions is called a Complex Sentence.

Read the following sentences. Identify the clauses and say whether they are main clauses or subordinate clauses.
1. John suffers from Asthma but attends school regularly.
2. We like songs but they like games.
3. Japan attacked China in 1937 and wounded many soldiers.
4. If the rain stops, we will go out.
5. She was unhappy or she was upset.
6. The shops were closed because there was a strike.
Answer:
1. John suffers from Asthama but attends school regularly.
Main clause – John suffers from Asthama
Main clause – (he) attends school regularly.

2. We like songs but they like games.
Main clause – We like songs
Main clause – they like games.

3. Japan attacked China in 1937 and wounded many soldiers.
Main clause – Japan attacked China in 1937.
Main clause – (Japan) wounded many soldiers.

4. If the rain stops, we will go out.
Main clause – We will go out.
Subordinate clause – If the rain stops

5. She was unhappy or she was upset.
Main clause – She was unhappy
Main clause – She was upset.

6. The shops were closed because there was a strike.
Main clause – The shops were closed.
Subordinate clause – because there was a strike.

Writing

Developing Headlines.
When writing a news report for a newspaper, or your school News Board, the headline is the first and foremost impression you make on your reader. Therefore, writing a headline is a critical and creative art. „
Most of the people read only the headlines while reading a newspaper, to get the gist of the news.

• Headlines often contain a noun phrase with no verb.
• Headlines may have noun strings (several nouns put together).
• Various changes are made in the headlines.
• The simple tense form is used instead of the continuous or perfect form.
• The infinite form refers to the future.
• The auxiliary verb is dropped in the passive form.
• Articles are dropped; full-stops are not placed after headlines.
• Headlines may contain initials and abbreviations, e.g : Prime Minister’s advice

e.g : Man snatches woman’s chain
e.g : Andhra Pradesh State Board Examination Results Declared
e.g : Hyderabad celebrates kite festival
e.g : Chief Minister to inaugurate Craft Bazars
e.g : Passengers injured seriously in Nellore train accident
e.g : India to host SAARC meet in UP

I. Now write a headline for each of the following news reports. Remember to pick out only the main idea or words from the sentence.
(a) Hyderabad: With an alarming rise in cases of missing people, especially women and children, since 2009, the Andhra Pradesh Police have stepped up measures to trace them in co-ordination with various agencies and police forces.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh police have stepped up measures to trace missing people

(b) The full moon that rises on this Friday night, August 31,2012, will be a Blue Moon. That’s what it has been dubbed as in modern folklore of the west. But will it actually be blue?
Answer:
A Blue Moon to rise on Friday night, August 31, 2012

(c) “If you look at the last three months, I am really practising well. ! am looking forward to playing my first game after a year.”
Answer:
I am to play my first game after a year

(d) Next time your cell phone runs out of battery, you can charge it by just holding it in your hands as the scientist claims to have developed a new technology that turns body heat into electricity.
Answer:
A new technology that runs body heat into electricity developed

II. Look at the picture where students are serving in an old age home.

Discussion Points

1. Do old people go to old age homes on their own or are they forced to go there?
2. What are the conditions which make people leave their own homes and go to an old age home?
3. In what way are the conditions at an old age home different from those at home?
4. Are there any ways to prevent the old people from going to old age homes?
   Note : Answers for the 4 discussion points given above are given in Q. III.

III. Now write an article based on the following hints.

• What are old age homes?
• Why do old people go there?
• Facilities at the old age homes
• Compare facilities at home and old age homes

Answer:
The old age homes are intended for senior citizens. Nowadays, most of the old people prefer to live in old age homes. Many factors have contributed to the alienation of the elders. Migration of young couples from the rural areas to the cities in search of better employment opportunities to fend for themselves. Youngsters are sometimes unfair to their parents. They don’t show the old ones any love or affection. Sometimes the old people are not given enough food to eat. The young people don’t provide proper medical facilities for the old people. The young people don’t care for them. Parents take a lot of pain to grow their children and sacrifice a plenty of their happiness: Our culture has it, that it is duty of the child to look after his parents. Unfortunately, it doesn’t happen in our present society. Everyone is in a mad race of earning money. And in the process they don’t take time off to look after their parents. We don’t find good relationships and human values in our present society. Aged parents are like children. They are sensible. Nowadays, India is intensely influenced by the western world where parents live alone or stay at old age homes. The old people don’t go to old age homes on their own. They are forced to go there.
In the old age homes trained staff can assist the old people. They can be kept clean and fed well. Proper medical care is provided. Old age homes have special medical facilities for senior citizens such as mobile health care systems, ambulances, nurses and provision of well-balanced meals. Apart from food, shelter and medical amenities, the entertainment and library facilities are also available for them. These homes create a family like atmosphere among the residents. Senior citizens experience a sense of security and friendship when they share their joys and sorrows with one another. Here, they live peacefully. Old age homes provide them the much needed comfort, solace and companionship. We can prevent the old people from going to old age homes by showing them love and affection. The youngsters should take care of them. They should provide proper medical facilities for them. They should allow their parents to move and talk freely in their homes.

Listening

Listen to your teacher. She/He will read out an announcement made by the headmaster of a Govt. High School.

An Announcement in a School

Dear students,
I am to inform you that we are going to start an ‘Enrolment Drive Programme’ next week. We will go to the nearby slums in our locality for 3 days and see if there are any children who are not studying in any school. There will be 10 teams each consisting of 6 students. I want all the students and teachers of classes VIII and IX to join this mission. Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina will be joining us in our mission. They will help us in all the aspects related to the programme. Children, now those who volunteer to take the lead in teams should meet their class teachers after the lunch hour.
Now, answer the following questions.
1. What is the announcement about?
Answer:
The announcement is about launching of ’Enrolment Drive Programme.’

2. Who are the special guests joining their mission?
Answer:
Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina are the special guests joining their mission.

3. What are the students asked to do in the programme?
Answer:
The students are asked to go to the nearby slums in their locality for 3 days and see if there are any children who are not studying in any school.

4. Why does the headmaster call it a mission?
Answer:
The headmaster calls it a mission as he thinks that the ‘Enrolment Drive Programme’ is a very important programme.

Oral Activity

If you get an opportunity to propose a ‘Vote of Thanks’ after completing the Enrolment Drive Programme. How would you do it?
Prepare ‘Vote of Thanks’ to thank Mr. Rajkumar, Ms. Christina, and all other participants.
Clues :

• Introduction of the programme
• About the participants and the service they offered during the programme.
• Their role in making the Programme a great success.
• Thanking each and everyone referring to their role in the programme.
• Requesting the extension of their service in future.

Answer:
Good evening to all of you. I am proud and lucky to have the opportunity of proposing a ‘Vote of Thanks’ to thank all the participants. As you are all aware that our ‘Enrolment Drive Programme’ has come to an end and it is a great success for all of us recognizing the students who are outside the school and joining them in the school. At first I would like to thank our special guests Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina on behalf of our school and on my behalf for sparing some of their valuable time for us. We are very much thankful to you sir and madam for the service offered by you during the programme and your valuable suggestions. We are hopeful that we will get your extended cooperation and help in the future. Once again I wish to express our sincere thanks to you sir and madam for your role in making this programme a grand success. Now, I would like to thank each and everyone who participate in this programme and make it a grand success. I would like to request all of you to extend your priceless services
in the future.

Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Summary in English

Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis was born in a lower middle class family on October 10, 1910 in Sholapur, Maharashtra. Coming from a family of doctors, Dr. Kotnis aspired to become a doctor.

After completing his graduation in medicine, he went on to pursue his post-graduation internship. He started his medical expedition in Vietnam, and then, moved on to Singapore and Brunei. The communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru in 1937 to send Indian physicians to China to help the war victims. Dr. Kotnis was one of the five doctors who were sent to China as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team. Though the other doctors returned to India after the war, Dr. Kotnis decided to stay back and serve at the military base. He started his work in Yan’an and then worked in the surgical department of the Eighth Route Army General Hospital as the physician-in-charge. He fell in love with a Chinese nurse, Guo Qinglan and married her in November, 1941. They had a son on August 23, 1942 and he was named Yin Hua. He worked as a lecturer for sometime at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School. Later he took over the post of the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital. He did operations for 72 hours nonstop without any sleep during the long-drawn out battle against Japan. He played a major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. He died of epilepsy on December 9, 1942 at the age 32, and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village.

The Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. His grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming festival. Both China and India honoured him with stamps in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Later, Kotnis, family visited Kotnis’ grave and Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital.

After Dr. Kotnis’ death, their son Yin Hua also passed away when he was just 25. Despite the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis maintained her links with the Kotnis family. Mrs. Kotnis had been an honoured guest at many high-level diplomatic functions between China and India. She was a regular invitee at the Indian Embassy functions in China. Dr. Kotnis become famous in his hometown with the publication of “One Who Never Returned” written by Khwaja Abbas Ahmed and the screening of the movie “Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani,” directed by V. Shantaram. No other Indians can claim the kind of adulation and respect Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis enjoys in China. Dr. Kotnis’ contribution towards humanity will be remembered for ever.

Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Glossary

adulation (n): admiration; praise

virulent (adj): dangerous

shy away (phr.v): avoid something that you dislike

epilepsy (n): a disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious

revered (v): respected or admired deeply

commemorate (v): keep a great person, event etc. in people’s memories

vivacious (adj): cheerful

venerated (v): respected

septuagenarian (n): a person who crossed 70 years

memorabilia (n): objects that are collected in memory of persons and events

render (v): to give somebody something

vivacious (adj): having a lively, attractive personality

pursue (v): to try to achieve something over a period of time

internship (n): a job that an advanced student of medicine, whose training is nearly finished, does in a hospital to get further practical experience

put aside (phr.v): to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion.

expedition (n) : an organized journey with a particular purpose

lose heart (idiom): to fall in love with somebody

passed away (phr.v): died

fortnight (n): two weeks

soulmate (n): an intimate associate or companion ; someone with whom you have a special relationship and whom you know and love very much

cherish (v): to love somebody/something very much and want to protect them or it

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself

8th Class English Chapter 5C I Can Take Care of Myself Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What do you think is the most important thing to learn to live well?
Answer:
The most important thing to learn to live well is that one should not depend upon others. One should take care of oneself. One should stand on one’s own feet.

Question 2.
What are the skills or qualities that would help you to be independent in your life?
Answer:
The skills or qualities that would help us to be independent in our life are:

1. One needs to know how to take care of oneself.
2. One needs to be able to protect oneself.
3. One needs to learn to be strong and work hard.
4. One needs to be powerful oneself.
5. One needs to stand on one’s own feet.
6. One needs to learn more about the world and learn to live in it as a good creature.
7. One needs to depend on the power within oneself to seek the target in one’s life.

Question 3.
Do you agree/disagree with the daughter of the mother rat? Give reasons for your response.
Answer:
I agree with the daughter of the mother rat. Depending on another person’s power, position or prosperity does not promise peace and security in the long run. To be safe, one needn’t get someone married. One should work hard to achieve one’s goal. The married woman, who doesn’t stand on her own feet has to depend upon her husband for everything.

I. Observe the data given in the bar diagrams related to male and female infant mortality rates (IMR) in India over the years 1990 to 2008 and answer the questions given.

(Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation National Statistical Organisation – Website : www.mospi.gov.in)

Question 1.
In which year is the difference in infant mortality rates between male and female the highest?
Answer:
In the year 2003, the difference in infant mortality rates between male and female is the highest.

Question 2.
In which case and in which year do we find a sudden decrease in the IMR?
Answer:
We find sudden decrease in the case of male IMR in the year 2003.

Question 3.
What will happen if there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female?
Answer:
If there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female, one of them (either male or female) will be left unmarried. There will be an imbalance in the ratio between the male and female.

Question 4.
What, according to you, may the reasons be for the female IMR being higher than the male IMR?.
Answer:
I think the reason may be that the parents think that girl children are burdensome. They think it is very difficult to educate them and get them married to the males. They have to give dowry to the males. So, most of the parents don’t want female children. Hence, the female IMR is higher than the male IMR.

Question 5.
What may be the reasons for the decrease in IMR rates over the years?
Answer:
The reasons for the decrease in IMR rates over the years.

1. The attitude of the parents is changed with the times.
2. Increasing medical facilities.
3. Increase in the literacy rate among the girls (women).
4. Women empowerment.

Question 6.
Do you think there could be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years?
Answer:
Yes. I think there would be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years.

Question 7.
What, according to you, may the reasons be for the death of more than half of both male and female infants?
Answer:
The reasons for the death of more than half of both male and female infants.

1. The superstitious beliefs of the parents. (Village parents)
2. Lack of proper medical facilities.
3. In some cases the young couples don’t want the children in the earlier days after their marriage. They think that the children will obstruct their privacy.

II. Group Work :
Discuss the above questions in your group and write an analytical report on the Infant Mortality Rates in India.
Answer:
When we observe the bar diagram, there has been a gradual decrease in both the female IMR and the male IMR. There is a sudden fall in the male IMR in 2003. The difference in infant mortality rates between male and female is the highest in 2003. The decrease in the IMR shows us the changed views of the parents with the times. If there is a wide gap in IMR between male and female, one of genders will be left unmarried and there is an imbalance in the family system. The parents think that females are burdensome. They feel it difficult to educate and get them married. They are not in a position to give dowry to the males. So, most of the parents don’t want female children. Hence, the female IMR is higher than the male IMR. The main reason for the decrease in IMR over the years is that the parents have changed their attitude with the times. The advanced medical facilities and the increase in the literacy rate among the girl children are also reasons for it. I think there will be a further decrease in the IMR after 5 years.

Oral Activity

Work in pairs and debate on the following proposition.
“Reservation in education, employment and legislature will empower the women.”
Answer:
Argument for the statement:
There is no doubt, surely reservation in education, employment and legislature will empower the women. As all of us know, today most of the women’s lives are confined to the kitchen. They have to depend upon their husbands for everything. They can’t protect themselves. If they have reservation, most of the women get good education and employment. Then they don’t have to beg anyone for anything. They will be able to lead a dignified life. If there is reservation in legislature, there will be more women participation in politics and society. It is expected to create equal opportunities for women along with men with reservation for women. Our society is a male dominated one. Reservation in education, employment and legislature would amount to a positive discrimination. Reservation for women not only empowers them but also helps the society.
Argument against the statement:
Can reservations for women be an effective measure and do the women really require such special treatment and will they be really empowered with reservations ? The intelligent male persons will lose the opportunities if the women are given reservations. Instead of providing any solution to this problem, giving reservations to women may give rise to social, political and psychological tensions. Besides, it is debatable if more women will attend schools, colleges or offices merely because of reservations. Reservation for women can be a temporary sort of relief and it won’t empower them. There should be a broader political, social and economic policy for the upliftment and empowerment of women.

Project work

A. Interview some female members in your family and neighbourhood with the following questions.
Would you like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education?
If yes, give some reasons.
Yes, I would like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education. The girl child is an equal partner in sharing the responsibilities and duties. An educated girl can render financial assistance to the father and later to the husband. The woman can take care of herself if she is employed. She doesn’t need to depend on others. She is able to lead a dignified life. So, the girls should take up a job after they have received education.
If no, give some reasons.
No, I would not like the girls in the family to take up a job after they have received education. The girl child’s primary duty in the later part of life is to look after the family and children. So, she doesn’t need to take up a job. If she takes up a job, she can’t find time to look after the family and children when she gets married.

B. Work on the following items.
Note down whether the woman you have interviewed is educated or uneducated; working/not working; married/unmarried.

Answer:

C. Based on the above information write a paragraph on ‘Woman Empowerment’.
Answer:
I have interviewed five women. Of them three women are married the rest of the two are unmarried. Three women are employed and the rest of the two are unemployed. All the five women opined that the women should be empowered. The employed women opined that they couldn’t find time to serve their families. The unemployed women want to stand on their feet. They want financial independence. They want jobs to get the stability and share the responsibilities and duties along with men. A woman is dynamic in
many roles she plays. She has to face many challenges and find out practical solutions. She is facing the challenges of economic inequality, gender-based violence, limited leadership and political participation and other issues. So, the women should be provided with more opportunities which could empower them to improve their lives, their rights and their future.

Grammar Family

Parts of Speech

There is a family in London whose surname is grammar. There is a couple, Mr. Noun and Mrs. Verb. The couple has three children-one son pronoun and two daughters adverb and adjective. The son (pronoun) has to do all the work of his father in his absence. The two daughters love each other but there is a difference in them. Adjective loves her father and brother and keeps praising them. Adverb loves her mother more she always modifies her when there is a need. There are two servants in the family, preposition and conjunction. The preposition is the chief servant. He is the official servant of his master. He is the family servant and looks after every member of the family. The interjection joins the family in times of joy and sorrow.

I Can Take Care of Myself Summary in English

Once, a mother rat wanted to get her young daughter married to the most powerful being that she could find. She thought that the sun god was the most powerful being on earth. So, she asked the sun god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The sun god smiled and replied that the rain was greater than him as there would be no water on earth or no crop or tree without the rain. So, the mother rat asked the rain god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The rain god smiled and replied that the mountain was greater than him as he would protect the creatures. He blocked the clouds and let the water flow safely. The mother rat asked the mountain god if he was the most powerful being on earth. The mountain god smiled and replied that the worm was greater than him. He also told that the earthworm was the greatest friend of the living beings. The mother rat’s daughter came to her and asked her what she was doing. The mother replied that she was looking for the most powerful being on earth to get her married. She also told her daughter that she would be safe if she married the most powerful being on earth. The daughter replied why she would need to marry to be safe. She also told that she would need to know how to take care of herself if she wanted to be safe. To protect herself, she needed to learn to be strong and work hard. She wanted to be powerful herself, so that she could take care of herself and those that she loved. She wanted to stand on her own feet. She opined that she needed to learn more about the world and learn to live in it as a good creature. She asked for her mother’s help. She wanted her mother’s support. She was not interested in marrying anybody. She didn’t want to depend on others. She wanted to believe her power only.

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2

8th Class English Chapter 3B The Selfish Giant Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
How is the ‘child’ different from other children?
Answer:
The child is not an ordinary child. He is an angel who came from the heaven. He changed the attitude of the Giant. He took him to the heaven.

Question 2.
How does the narrator explain the idea of spring time? Pick out some expressions.
Answer:
Spring is season of new life and liveliness. When there was the spring in the garden, it was all beautiful with the singing of birds and flowers. When the spring didn’t come there, it was all cold and lifeless.
The expressions which explain the idea of spring time :

1. ‘The birds did not come to sing, and the trees forgot to blossom.” (when the spring did not come)
2. “I heard some lovely music.”
3. ‘The Hail has stopped dancing.”
4. ‘The North Wind has ceased roaring.” (ii to v expressions suggest the coming of the spring.)
5. “A delicious smell is coming from the window.”

Question 3.
What are the figurative expressions used in the play? List them and mention their significance.
Answer:
The figurative expressions used in the play are:
i) Simile: a) Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars – flowers are compared to ‘stars’ using ‘like’.
ii) Personification :
a) The people who were pleased best were the Snow and the Frost.
b) Spring has forgotten this garden.
c) The snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver.
d) He roared all day about the garden and rejoiced in blowing the chimney-pots over.
e) The North Wind, and the Hail, and the Frost, and the snow danced about through the trees.
f) The Hail has stopped dancing. g) The North wind has ceased his roaring.
h) The flowers were looking up through the green grass and laughing.
i) It is merely the spring asleep.
j) The flowers are resting.
‘Snow’, ‘Frost’, ‘Spring’, ‘Hail’, ‘North Wind’ and Flowers are represented as human beings.
iii) Metaphor :
My garden shall be the children’s playground for ever and ever.
The word ‘garden’ is used to describe the word ‘playground.’

Question 4.
What is the central theme of the play?
Answer:
The two main themes of the play are ‘selfishness’ and ‘love’. People who are selfish don’t want to share their things with others. They want to keep everything for themselves. But when they do that, they find themselves all alone. The giant was selfish. He didn’t want to share his garden with the children. He sent them away. But when he sent them away, he was left with nothing but cold and frost. When he didn’t have selfishness, he was taken to the Paradise. Our lives are empty and lonely without love. Love brightens our world and brings us happiness. When the Giant loved others, his garden became beautiful and full of life.

II. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers from the choices given below.

1. Both ‘over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars’ and ‘the peach-trees broke into blossoms’ refer to ———–.
a) autumn
b) spring
c) winter

2. The Giant observed the children ———–.
a) hiding in the garden
b) playing in the garden
c) dancing in the garden

3. The Giant knew the spring had arrived from ———–.
a) song of a linnet bird
b) sounds made by the children
c) blossoms in the garden

4. The little boy ———–.
a) called the Giant by gesturing
b) flung hands around the neck
c) ran towards the Giant

5. ‘What a marvellous sight that is !’ is said by ———–.
a) the children
b) the little boy
c) the Giant
Answer:
1 – b
2 – b
3 – a
4 – b
5 – c

Vocabulary

Look at the following underlined phrase taken from the text and know the meanings.
1. Peach-trees that in the spring time broke out into delicate blossom.
In the above sentence, the phrase ‘broke out’ means ‘came out’.
A) Refer to a dictionary and find out phrasal verbs beginning with ‘break’.
Use them in your own sentences.
Answer:
1. breakaway 2. breakdown 3. break into 4. breakout
1) break away:
The prisoner broke away from jail last night.
2) break down:
Our jeep has broken down on the outskirts of the city.
3) break into:
The burglars broke into the house when the owners away.
4) break out:
The war broke out in the middle east.
B) Pick out some more phrasal verbs from the play ‘The Selfish Giant’.
1) put up
2) cover up
3) blow over
4) look out
5) look up
6) knock down

II. Read the underlined part of the sentence taken from the text.
This is a delightful spot.
In the above sentence ‘delightful’ means ‘pleasant’, the opposite (antonym) of it is ‘gloomy’. Pick out antonyms of the underlined words from the play and use them in your own sentences.
1. Nobody likes to be in hell.
Answer:
Everybody likes to be in paradise.

2. You should be beware of your foe.
Answer:
I met my friend yesterday.

3. It started raining cats and dogs.
Answer:
The police stopped me.

4. She uncovered her head after she came out of the temple.
Answer:
He covered his face with a kerchief.

5. This is the nearest shop to my house.
Answer:
There is a medical shop in the farthest corner.

III. Look at the following sentence taken from the text.
Ex: I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
In the above sentence the underlined word indicates ’speaking quietly’ outside the wall so that nobody else could hear.
Now match the words in Column A with those in Column B with similar meaning.

Column – A	Column – B
1. screaming	A. continuous loud noise
2. whisper	B. many people squeaking at the time
3. yell	C. give a loud cry
4. roaring	D. a long deep sound
5. groan	E. speak quietly
6. weep	E a loud high shout
7. shriek	G. shout loudly
8. babble	H. continuous short sounds
9. mumble	I. soft quiet voice difficult to hear
10. twitter	J. cry

Answer:
1) C
2) E
3) G
4) A
5) D
6) J
7) F
8) B
9) I
10) H

IV. Choose the correct meaning for the underlined word.
1. The Giant put a notice board, trespassers will be prosecuted.       ( )
a) persons who enter the premises without permission
b) persons who forcibly enter the premises
c) persons who officially enter the premises

2. The Giant was wrapped in furs and roared all day about the garden.     ( )
a) made loud noise with anger
b) felt frustrated
c) looked pleased

3. There are twelve peach-trees that in spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms.     ( )
a) leaves
b) flowers
c) fruits

4. He rattled on the roof the whole day.      ( )
a) made a series of sounds
b) shouted
c) tapped
Answer:
1 – a
2 – a
3 – b
4 – a

Grammar

Read the following sentences.
1. He is swimming in a pool.
2. Swimming is good for health.
The ‘-ing’ form in the first sentence is called a present participle. It is most commonly used as part of continuous tenses and after verbs of perception such as ‘see, hear, notice and watch’.
Examples: 1. I saw him crossing the road.
2. Didn’t you hear the cat meowing?
On the other hand, the ‘-ing’ form in the second sentence is called a gerund. It acts as a noun. It is used as the subject, or object of a sentence and after prepositions.
Examples: 1. He likes swimming. 2. He is fond of swimming.
In both cases, the form is the same. The difference is in their functions in a sentence.

I. Identify the gerunds and present participles in the following sentences.
1. The North Wind ceased roaring.
2. The Child did not see the giant coming.
3. I heard the children whispering outside the wall on their way to school.
4. Why is the Spring so late in coming?
5. Walking makes healthy and wealthy.
Answer:
1. roaring
2. coming
3. whispering
4. coming
5. Walking

Writing

Read the following notice taken from the play.
TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

Write a similar one-line notice each that you may find in the following places.
1. Hospitals: ———–
2. Banks: ———–
3. Public places: ———–
4. Schools: ———–
5. At home: ———–
Answer:
Hospitals: Keep absolute silence.
Banks: Switch off vour cell-phones.
Public places: Don’t Dark vour vehicles here.
Schools: Don’t throw waste material in school premises.
At home: Beware of dogs.

Listening

Listen to a description and answer the following questions.
Lal Bagh
Dear Students, now we are in Lal Bagh Garden, Bengaluru. It means “The Red Garden” in English. It is one of the famous gardens in India. It is located to the South of the city centre and Bengaluru’s main attraction.

Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore commissioned the building of the garden in 1760. His son Tippu Sultan completed it by importing trees and plants from several countries. The garden has over 1,000 species of flora. The garden is spread over 240 acres. The Glass House is the main attraction in this garden, modeled on London’s Crystal Palace.

Look there, you can see a 300 year old “Christmas Tree”. There are many such old trees we can find in the garden. Children, look there, you can find the scientific name tag to each tree.

Now we are moving towards the Rose Garden, which is another highlight of Lai Bagh. It has almost all the species of roses available worldwide.

Now we are at the giant Electronic Quartz Flower clock built by HMT. In this garden flower shows are conducted every year to educate people about different flora and help cultivate the habit of growing plants among the public.

1. Where is the garden located?
Answer:
The garden is located to South of Bengaluru.

2. What is so special about it?
Answer:
The Glass House, the 300 year old ‘Christmas Tree,’ the Rose Garden and the giant electronic Quartz Flower clock are the specialities of the garden.

Oral Activity

Talk about any garden you have visited.
Answer:
In the last summer when I went to my uncle’s city, Mysore, I visited Brindavan Gardens. These gardens are the most famous gardens of Mysore. These gardens are located about 19 kms. from the heart of Mysore. These gardens are laid out below the Krishnaraja Sagar dam built across the river Cauvery. These gardens are famous for the ilium :nated dancing fountains that come to life after sunset. Brindavan gardens are noted for their beauty. These gardens are full of life both in the morning and evening. These gardens are a boon for Mysore people. We entered the garden after sunset as it is the best time to visit the gardens. At that time all the bright colourful fountains usually come alive and seem to dance with joy to the accompanying music. At that time the entire gardens are transformed into a fairy land. There are beautiful lawns and shrubs with colouful lamps around them. There are so many tall, green trees. The flower-beds are a store house of beauty. They add a splash of colour to the fresh green of the lawns. We find a great peace there. The sweet and merry notes of the birds are very pleasant to the ears. We enjoyed ourselves visiting such a beautiful garden. We played for about two hours in the evening. Really it is a memorable thing in my life. I am very much thankful to my uncle as he gave me an opportunity to visit such a wonderful garden.

Study Skills

Read the play ‘The Selfish Giant’ once again and summarize it. Remember to follow the points given below.

1. Identify the main and subordinate ideas, section wise/part wise.
2. Separate the main idea from the subordinate ideas.
3. Identify the words/phrases which carry ideas.
4. Link your ideas properly with appropriate linkers.
5. Use the words/phrases that express the essence of the text.
6. Present the ideas briefly.

Answer:
A Giant who lived in a big house had a beautiful garden. Whenever he was away, chil-dren used to come there to play. One day the Giant went to visit his friend the Cornish ogre and came after seven years. When he arrived, he saw the children palying in his garden. He angrily chased them away and built a high wall around his garden. After the children stopped coming to the garden, the trees and flowers were so sad that they lost their beauty and were covered with snow and frost. There was no singing of birds. The spring was there all over the country but in the Giant’s garden it was still winter.

One morning, the Giant heard the lovely singing of a linnet bird and thought that the spring had come at last. He saw children playing in the garden. The children had crept in through a little hole in the garden. He understood that he had been selfish and was very sorry for what he had done. He saw a little boy who was too small to get into a tree and that tree was still covered with frost and snow. The Giant put the little child into the tree gently. He knocked down the wall and the children were allowed to play there in his garden whenever they pleased. But the little boy whom he helped was never seen again in his garden. The Giant grew old and feeble. He sat there watching the children at their games. One morning he saw the little boy under a tree and ran to him. When he went near to the little child, he saw wounds on the child’s hands and feet. He got angered and asked the little child who had hurt him. He wanted to kill the person who had wounded the little child. But the little child told him that he should not do that and those were the wounds of love. The little child took the Giant to Paradise.

The Selfish Giant Part 2 Summary in English

One morning, when the Giant was lying awake in bed, he heard some lovely music. It sounded very sweet to the Giant’s ears. A little linnet was singing outside his window. The Giant thought that the spring had come at last. The children had crept in through a little hole in the wall. They sat in the branches of the trees and the trees were so glad to have the children back again. In the farthest corner of the garden it was still winter. In that corner, a little boy was trying to reach up to the branches but he couldn’t as he was so small. The Giant’s heart melted. He understood that he had been selfish. He was really sorry for what he had done. He went into the garden and the frightened children ran away and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy was there and the Giant put him gently up into the tree. The tree broke at once into blossom, the birds sang and the boy kissed him. The other children saw that and came running back. With them the spring came. The Giant was no longer wicked. He took an axe and broke the wall. He started playing with them. In the evening, the Giant came to know that the little boy whom he put into the tree had gone away. Every afternoon, the children came and played with the Giant. But he never saw again the little boy who he loved. The Giant had grown old and feeble. So, he sat there watching the children at their games. One winter morning, the Giant filled with wonder to see the little boy standing under a tree in the farthest comer of the garden. In great joy, the Giant ran downstairs out into the garden and went near to the child. His face grew red with anger when he saw the wounds on the boy’s hands and feet. The Giant cried that he would kill the person who had wounded the little boy. The child asked the Giant not to do that as those were the wounds of love. The little boy asked the Giant to come with him to his garden. The child climbed into the old Giant’s arms and they both walked into the garden of Paradise.

About the author

Oscar Wilde (16 October 1854-30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London’s most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams and plays. Oscar Wilde is best known for the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray and the play The Importance of Being Earnest. The Happy Prince and Other Tales is a collection of children’s stories.

The Selfish Giant Part 2 Glossary

linnet bird (n): a small brown and grey bird

hail (n): small balls of ice that fall like rain

cease (v): stop happening

twittering (v): making a series of short high sounds

sneeze (v): suddenly expel air from the nose and mouth due to irritation in

one’s nostrils

feeble (adj): lacking strength

hath (v): has (old usage)

thee (pro): you (old usage)

slay (v): kill

thou (pro): you (as the singular subject of a verb)

blossoms (n): flowers

farthest (adj): at the greatest distance

admire (v): to respect somebody for what they are

marvellous (adj): wonderful, extremely good

draw (v): to move in the direction mentioned

art (v) (old use): are

melt (v): to become liquid

 

AP State Syllabus AP Board 8th Class English Textbook Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers.

AP State Syllabus 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2

8th Class English Chapter 5B Bonsai Life Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Complete the statements giving more than one reason.

1. Girls should be educated like boys because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
d. ———————
Answer:
a. they need to stand on their own feet.
b. they need to get financial independence,
c. they need not to beg others for anything,
d. they need to lead a dignified life.

2. Fully grown trees are more useful because
a. ———————
b. ———————
c. ———————
Answer:
a. they give us shade.
b. they give us flowers and fruit.
c. they give us wood for constructions and firewood.
d. they give us medicines.

II. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Why was Akkayya perplexed?
Answer:
Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the little flower pots among the other flower plants. She didn’t know they were bonsai trees. So, she asked Ammalu why they planted those trees in the flower pots and how they could grow if they didn’t let them grow freely. Hearing Akkayya’s words, Ammalu burst into laughter. Akkayya didn’t understand why Ammalu had laughed. So, she was perplexed.

Question 2.
How is a bonsai reared?
Answer:
Bonsai is a Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in containers. A bonsai is created beginning with a specimen of source material. The source specimen is shaped to be relatively small. Then it is planted in a display pot. The practice of bonsai development incorporates a number of techniques, they are:
a) leaf trimming
b) punning the trunk, branches and roots
c) wining branches and trunks
d) clamping
e) grafting new growing material and
f) defoliation.

Question 3.
What similarities do you notice between the bonsai tree and the housewife?
Answer:
Like the housewife, the bonsai tree is very delicate. Both the housewife and the bonsai can’t protect themselves. They can’t provide shelter to anyone. They can’t bear sufferings. They depend upon others for everything.

Question 4.
What made the narrator feel the urge to free the bonsai?
Answer:
The narrator’s heart was touched by Akkayya’s words. Akkayya’s words made the narrator feel the urge to free the Bonsai. She thought that it was just as one freed a bird from a cage to let it fly.

Question 5.
What is the central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’?
Answer:
The central theme of ‘Bonsai Life’ is that the women should be well educated and empowered. The women should know how to take care of themselves. They should protect themselves. They should be able to stand on their own feet. They shouldn’t depend upon others for everything. They should take up jobs.

III. Make a list of activities done by a homemaker and a working woman.

Homemaker	Working Woman

Answer:

Homemaker	Working Woman
1) Serving the husband	1) Doing the job
2) Looking after the offspring	2) Looking after the offspring
3) Washing the clothes	3) Managing the things at home
4) Cleaning the floor	4) Marketing
5) Cleaning the vessels	5) Cooking (in some cases)
6) Cooking the dishes	6) Washing (in some cases)

IV. Put a tick (✓) mark against the most appropriate meaning for the phrases given below.
1. ‘… to keep the washerman’s account’ means
a) to take care of household work.
b) to count clothes,
c) to maintain the washerman’s account.

2. ‘… uphill task’ means
a) high quality work.
b) a difficult job.
c) working on a hill.

3. ‘… grass is greener on the other side’ means
a) the grass on this side is green.
b) others are as good as we are.
c) others are in a better position than us.

4. ‘… like a scorpion under a slipper’ means
a) killing a scorpion with a slipper.
b) being guided and controlled,
c) feeling totally suppressed.

Answer:
1 – a (✓)
2 – b (✓)
3 – c (✓)
4 – c (✓)

Vocabulary

I. Look at the phrasal verb underlined in the following sentence.
“I feel like giving it up. (give up).
What does it mean?
‘Give’ is a verb and ‘up’ is a preposition. Such combinations are called phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb normally gives a meaning different from the meaning of its parts.
‘Give up’ means ‘to stop doing something’.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning of some more phrasal verbs beginning with ‘give’ and ‘look’.
give in ———–
give out ———–
give away ———–
look after ———–
look up ———–
look into ———–
Use the above phrasal verbs in your own sentences.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
6. ———————–
Answer:
give in: to accept that you are defeated
give out: to come to an end
give away: to give something to someone
look after: to take care of someone
look up: to become better
look into: to try to find out the truth about a problem.
1. The enemies were eventually forced to give in.
2. Her patience finally gave out.
3. I gave most of my books away to my friend.
4. The old man was looking after the child.
5. Finally, the things are beginning to look up.
6. The police officer is looking into the missing of the boy.

II. Look at the simile in the following sentence.
Without it, she will have to live under her husband’s thumb ‘like a scorpion under a slipper’. The life of a homemaker is compared to a scorpion under a slipper. When we compare two things, we often use the word ‘like’.
Here are a few more examples of similes.
1. He roars like a lion.
2. They eat like wolves.
Answer:
Look at the following similes.
a) bright like a full moon
b) sleep like a log
c) eat like a bird
d) beautiful like a rose
e) sweet like honey
Now write five sentences using the above similes.
1. ———————–
2. ———————–
3. ———————–
4. ———————–
5. ———————–
Answer:
1. This light is bright like a full moon.
2. He sleeps like a log.
3. She eats like a bird.
4. It seems beautiful like a rose.
5. It is sweet like honey.

III. Make some idioms from the words in circles and use them in your own sentences, one is done for you


Answer:

Idiom	Sentence
thorn in flesh	He has been a thorn in flesh for them for years.
sore on back foot	Mr. Rao has been annoying them like a sore on back foot.
top of the world	As Sharma got a job. he is on top of the world.
cat on the wall	sriram has not yet decided; he is being like a cat on wall.

Grammar

I. Read the sentences.
1. grew accustomed to village life.
2. went into the kitchen.

The words in circles are subjects. The words underlined are predicates.

II. Circle the subjects and underline the predicates.
1. The girls danced.
2. The dark clouds filled the sky.
3. Shiva drove a silver Toyota.
Answer:

III. Identify subjects and predicates in each of the sentence in the following paragraph.
The narrator felt very happy to receive her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them. They brought many things with them. Akkaya made special dishes for her sister’s husband, which he liked very much. She praised her sister for being employed and making her living. She was very sorry about her position at home.
One day the narrator showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it. On a rainy day many people gathered under a tree to take shelter. Showing this, Akkaya made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life.

Note: Subjects are given in bold letters and predicates are underlined.
i) The narrator – subject
felt very happy to recieve her sister and brother-in-law, who came to stay with them – predicate
ii) They – subject
brought many things with them – predicate
iii) Akkayya – subject
made special dishes for her sister’s husband which he liked very much – predicate
iv) She – subject
praised her sister for being employed and making her living – predicate
v) She – subject
was very sorry about her position at home – predicate
vi) the narrator – subject
showed her Bonsai plants and explained how they are grown but she did not like it – one day – predicate
vii) many people – subject
gathered under a tree to take shelter on a rainy day – predicate
viii) Akkayya – subject
Showing this – made the narrator understand the importance of freedom in one’s life – predicate

Writing

Look at the following poster.

List the features of this poster.
e.g. Who has issued the poster? What is it about?
The date, time, place of the event, layout and nature of the sentences.
Answer:

1. Issuing authority: APDWACRA, Arunodaya building, Brodiepet, Guntur.
2. Event: Inauguration of handicrafts exhibition cum sale.
3. Time: 4 p.m.
4. Date: 15 October
5. Place: Gunta Ground, Kothapet, Guntur.
6. Duration: From 15th to 25th October.
7. Layout: Suitable layout with the sentences which convey the theme directly.

I. Now, make a poster based on the information given below.

1. Issuing authority: Andhra Pradesh Arts and Crafts Society, Vijayawada.
2. Event: Dance Performance by Aarthi.
3. November 14.
4. Chief Guest: Honourable Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
5. Venue: PWD Grounds, Vijayawada.

Answer:

Listening

I. Listen to a debate on the topic ‘Education of the Girl Child is a Burden’.

Education of the Girl Child Is a Burden

Speaker 1: Respected Chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends, I stand here to express my views for the motion, ‘Education of the girl child is a burden’. I would like to state that the education of the girl child is indeed a burden. In a poor family the main concern for the head of the family is to provide food, clothing and health to all the members. Most of their resources are used for these priorities. Later, when they think of education, the first preference goes to the male child as he would be growing to be the breadwinner of the family, whereas the girl would leave the family one day. So, I feel that educating of the girl child is a burden.

Speaker 2: Respected chairperson, honourable Judges and dear friends! My knowledgeable opponent is of the opinion that the education of the girl child is a burden. May I ask how education of the girl could be a burden when she is an equal partner in sharing the responsibilities and duties? If given a chance, she will be sharing the burden of the family at least till she gets married. So, I strongly oppose the motion.

Speaker 1: When my opponent feels that the girl child would leave the family one day after marriage, can’t we agree that it is a waste of money to educate a girl child? Instead, the families can save the money to bear the expenses of her wedding. Yes, surely the girl can reduce the burden not by earning after education but by managing the household work. As her duty in the later part of life is to look after the family and children, she better gets practice in the same. If she is away from home for longer periods, it would be an additional burden on the family.

Speaker 2: My friend said, the future of the girl child is to look after the family and children. Haven’t such traditional gender roles led to inequalities in the society? I strongly feel that an educated girl can render financial assistance to the father and later to the husband. My dear friend, it is education that will bring about a change in the attitude of people towards the role of women. Indeed, it is rightly said: ‘If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a family’.

Now, complete the table based on the information you’ve just listened to:

Answer:

Bonsai Life Part 2 Summary in English

Though Akkayya had been very interested in studying, Nannagaru didn’t educate her. He believed that studies wouldn’t get into a girl’s head. So, he had made Akkayya discontinue her education. He concentrated only on Annayya’s education. Akkayya got married to a villager and she was limited to do her household work. Ammalu took her Akkayya around the house. Akkayya was surprised to see the turayi and pomegranate trees in the flower pots among the flower plants. She felt sorry for them. She questioned Ammalu how they would grow in that little space and why they couldn’t let them grow freely. Ammalu explained that they were bonsai trees. She told that Bonsai was a special method of growing plants. The Japanese named this method bonsai. But Akkayya didn’t like this idea. Ammalu was distressed as she was unable to impress her Akkayya with her bonsai. Then came the storm which brought all the sand from the desert. Ammalu caught hold of Akkayya’s shoulder and dragged her into the room. After a while it started raining. Ammalu immediately pulled the bonsai tree pots and flower pots inside, under the canopy. Akkayya opened the window and looked at the streets. She saw many people standing under the huge turayi tree. She showed it to Ammalu saying that it was providing shelter to the people and potecting them. Ammalu asked her Akkayya what was the surprising thing about it. Then Akkayya made Ammalu understand that a housewife’s life was like that of a bonsai. Though bonsai looked proper and sweet, it was very delicate. It couldn’t provide protection to anyone. Infact, it had to be brought under the canopy so that it would not be destroyed. Akkayya’s words touched Ammalu’s heart. She felt like freeing the bonsai trees from their flower pots. Thus the story is a plea to provide education for women to empower them and make financially independent.

About the Author

Abburi Chayadevi is a well known feminist writer born in 1933. She has written many short stories and essays. She was awarded by the Central Sahitya Akademi in 2005. In her works, she elucidates women life and their feelings.

Bonsai Life Part 2 Glossary

adept (adj): a natural ability to do something skilfully

drudgery (n): hard, boring work

stunted (v): prevented from growth

perplex (v): confuse

canopy (n): a cover fixed over something for shelter

squall (n): a strong wind

rage (v): come with force

respite (n): a short period of rest

nought (n): nothing’zero

backyard (n): an area with a hard surface behind a house

trimming (n): making something neater, smaller, better by cutting parts from it

confine (v): to keep something inside the limits of a particular activity

disheartened (adj): made somebody lose hope or confidence

collapsed (v): lay down

tend (v): to care for something

withstand (v): to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions

dragged (v): pulled somebody or something along with effort and difficulty