Students can go through AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Notes 12th Lesson Biotechnology and its Applications will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.
AP Inter 2nd Year Botany Notes 12th Lesson Biotechnology and its Applications
→ The process of using microbes to breakdown or recycle environmental pollutants is called Bio-remediation.
→ Norman Borlaug is regarded as the Father of Green Revolution.
→ Dr. M. S. Swaminathan and his team were instrumental for the success of green revolution in our country.
→ Plants, animals, Bacteria and fungi, whose genes have beenaltered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms.
→ Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals which contain a insecticidal protein.
→ A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the root of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield.
→ Gene therapy is a corrective therapy to be taken for hereditary diseases.
→ r-DNA technology, PCR, ELISA are the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
→ Very low concentration of a bacteria or virus can be detected amplification of their nucleic acid through PCR.
→ DNA fingerprinting helped in forensic science in the search of criminals and also solving parentage disputes.
→ GEAC [Genetic Engineering Approval Committee] makes decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
→ Biotechnology deals with Industrical scale production of biopharmaceuticals, genetically modified crops for agriculture etc.
→ Biotechnology has given several useful products to humans by using microbes, plants, animals and their metabolic machinery.
→ Genetically modified organisms are created by recombinant DNA technology (Gene cloning)
→ Genetically modified plants are useful in increasing crop yields, reduce post harvesting losses and make crops more tolerant to stress.
→ rDNA technology has an impact on health care by mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics.
→ Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into cells to treat hereditary diseases.
→ Gene therapy has replaced a defective mutant allele with functional gene.
→ Benefits of Transgenic Plants (TP):
a) TP have resistance to pathogens and pests.
b) TP are suitable for food processing technology.
c) TP have improved nutritional value.
d) TP are used for hybrid seed production.
e) TP are tolerant to abiotic stresses caused by chemicals, cold, drought, salt, heat etc.,
→ Bt cotton is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to bollworm.
→ Bt cotton is created by using some strains of a bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
→ The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology is insulin.[NEET-2014]
→ In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as protoxin is converted into active toxin due to alkaline pH of the insect gut.[NEET-2015]
→ The crops engineered for glyphosate are resistance/tolerant to herbicides. [NEET-2015]
→ Golden rice is a genetically modified crop plant where the incorporated gene is meant for biosynthesis of vitamin A. [NEET-2015]
→ The introduction of T-DNA into plants involves infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. [NEET-2015]
→ The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating adenosine deaminase deficiency. [2012 PMT]
→ Activation of protoxin to active Bt toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis of boll worm is triggered by Alkaline pH of gut. [NEET-2019]
→ Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) is resistant to insect pests.