Students can go through AP Inter 1st Year Civics Notes 5th Lesson Liberty and Equality will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.
AP Inter 1st Year Civics Notes 5th Lesson Liberty and Equality
→ Liberty has two Aspects
- Negative and
- Positive
Liberty in its negative aspect, it means the absence of restraints.
Liberty in its positive aspect, it means the provision of opportunities.
→ Liberty is of different types :
- Natural
- Civil
- Economic
- Political
- National.
→ Liberty is safeguarded by means of
- Democratic Rule
- Written and Rigid constitution .
- Independent Judiciary
- Rule of Law
- Fundamental Rights
- Economic Equality
- Decentralisation of Powers
- Freedom of Press
- Strong Opposition
- Eternal Vigilance
→ Elements threatening Individual Liberty are
- Enhancement of state Authority
- Too many laws
- Negative Attitude
- Tyranny of majority
→ Equality has two aspects,
- Negative
- ositive
Equality in its positive aspect, means the provision of Adequate opportunities for all.
Equality in its negative aspect, means no discrimination on some artificial grounds.
→ Essential Features of Equality are :
- Equality not given by nature
- Equality not absolute
- Essential for social Justice
- Connected with Liberty
- A condition of good life.
→ Equality is of different types :
- Natural
- Social
- Economic
- Political
- International.
→ Obstacles to Equality are :
- Sap between law and practice
- Equality an ideal
- Social obstacles
- Monopoliztion of political power
- Economic elements.
→ Relationship between Liberty and Equality
- Liberty and Equality are opposite
- Liberty and Equality are complementary.
- Liberty is essential for Equality
- Equality is essential for Liberty.
Synopsis
- The term ‘liberty’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Liber’ which means ‘free from restrictions’.
- ‘Liberty is the opposite of over government.’ — Seeley
- ‘Liberty is the eager maintenance of the atmosphere in which men have the better opportunities to be at their best selves.’ — H.j. Laski
- Liberty has two aspects i.e. Negative aspect and Positive aspect.
- Liberty ¡s essential for the realisation of human personalities.
- Civil liberty is manifested in several civil rights.
- Natural liberty became a thing of the past in the present day society.
- Economic liberty means the right of everyone to earn his livelihood.
- National liberty is the liberty of the nation.
- The Ideal of equality is fundamentally a levelling process.
- Laski says equality means” first of all absence of social privilege. In the second place it means that adequate opportunities are laid open to all.”
→ ‘Liberty’ అనే ఇంగ్లీషు పదం ‘లిబర్ అనే లాటిన్ పదం నుండి గ్రహించబడింది. లిబర్ అనగా ‘ఆంక్షల నుండి విముక్తి’ అని అర్థం.
→ మితిమీరని ప్రభుత్వ పరిపాలనే స్వేచ్ఛ’ అని సిలీ మహాశయుడు పేర్కొన్నాడు.
→ స్వేచ్ఛ అంటే ఎటువంటి ఆంక్షలు లేకపోవటం కాదు. వ్యక్తి మూర్తిమత్వ వికాసంలోనే స్వేచ్ఛ ఇమిడి ఉంటుంది’ అని మహాత్మాగాంధీ పేర్కొన్నారు.
→ పౌరస్వేచ్ఛ ప్రజలకు పౌరహక్కుల రూపంలో ప్రసాదించబడుతుంది.
→ ఒక జాతి సర్వస్వతంత్రంగా జీవించటాన్నే జాతీయ స్వేచ్ఛ అని అంటారు.
→ రాజ్యము యొక్క, ప్రభుత్వము యొక్క కార్యకలాపాలలో పాల్గొనేందుకు పౌరులందరికి అవకాశాలను కల్పించడమే రాజకీయ స్వేఛ్ఛ.