AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

Students can go through AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes 3rd Lesson Science of Plants – Botany will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes 3rd Lesson Science of Plants – Botany

→ The study of living organisms is called Biology.

→ Botany was derived from Greek language ‘Bous’ refers to cattle and ‘Bouskein1 to the cattle feed.

→ Egyptians and Assyrians (4000 B.C) recorded Information related to crop plants and fruit trees in the form of pictures (Hieroglyphics).

→ During 1300 B.C, Parasara wrote ‘Krishi Parasaram’, The oldest Book on agriculture, dealt about agriculture and weeds.

→ He also wrote another book, “Vrikshayurveda” and described different types of forests. External and Internal characters of plants including Medicinal plants.

→ Theophrastus’ (340 B.C) regarded as Father of Botany described external and Internal characters of some 500 plants in his Book, species plantarum.

→ Gaspard Bauhin (1623) published the description and Identification of 6000 plants Introducing Binomial Nomenclature.

→ Botany emerged as a specific science with the j discovery of cell by Robert Hooke (1665) who wrote the book Micrographia.

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

→ Discovery of sexual Reproduction in plants is by Camerarius (1694).

→ Carolus Von Linnaeus popularised Binomial Nomenclature and also proposed sexual system of classification,

→ Grogor Johann Mendel Introduced the Laws of Inheritance and became popular as the Father of Genetics.

→ Charles Darwin put forward the Theory of Evolution’.

→ Buchner (1898) discovered the enzyme’Zymase’in yeast cells.

→ Mutations in plants were discovered by Hugodevries (1901) and role of chromosomes in heredity by Suttion and Boveri (1902).

→ Double helical structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick (1953), artificial synthesis of gene is by H.G. Khorana, technique of plant tissue culture by Hanning, Shimakura, Skoog, White, Maheswari and others.

→ Auxins were identified by F.W. Went (1928).

→ TCA cycle was identified by Hans krebs (1937).

→ C3 – pathway of Carbon assimilation is by Melvin Calvin- Bensbn and Bassham.

→ C4 – pathway was discovered by Hatch and Slack (1976).

→ The role of Minerals in plants nutrition is useful in rational usage of chemical fertilizers and control of Mineral deficiencies to improve agricultural productivity will be known by plant physiology.

→ Phytopathology is helpful in the prevention and eradication of several plant diseases.

→ The scope of Botany also extends to solve environmental Issues (i.e.,) Control of green house effect by Intensive free plantation and soil pollution by broremediation, recycling of nutrients by saprophytic organisms.

→ Morphology deals with the study and description of different organs of a plant.

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

→ Embryology deals with the study of development of male and female gametophytes, formation of gametes, process of fertilization development of Embryo, Endosperm and seed.

→ Palynology is the study of the development, structure of Microspores or Pollengrains.

→ Palaeobotany deals with the study of fossil plants.

→ Phytogeography is the study of geographical distribution of plants in the past and present.

→ Lichenology is the study lichens which are special group of plants in which algal member and a fungal member live together as symbionts.

→ Agar-agar: It is an inert polysaccharide extracted from red algae. It is an ingredient of semisolid culture media.

→ Beverages: These are refreshing drinks which may be non-alcoholic or alcoholic.

→ Bio-fertilizers: They represent nutrient input for plant growth which is of biological origin.

→ Herbals : These are books containing the description of medicinal plants.

→ Palynology : Study of the development, structure and all other aspects related to pollengrains.

→ Plant tissue and organ culture : It is the technique of growing, culturing and maintaining cells, tissues and organs in vitro on an artificial nutrient medium.

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

→ Phytopathology : Prevention and eradication of several plant diseases.

→ Single cell proteins : Dried biomass of a single species of microbe that can be used as a protein source in the diet.

→ Spices and condiments : Spices are the substances used to flavor different food products and to increase the flow of gastric juices. Condiments are the spices usually added to food after it has been cooked.

→ The Science of Plants is called Botany.

→ Aristotle developed Botany into a science.

→ During 1300 B.C. Parasara described several medicinal plants in his book Vrikshayurveda.

→ Father of Botany: Theopharstus. The book written by him is deHistoria Pidntariim. [IPE]

→ The period of 16th and 17th centuries is regarded as the period of herbalists.

→ Robert Hooke discovered the cell. The book written by him is Micro graphia. [IPE]

→ A considerable progress in Botany was due to two hybridization experiments on Peaplants by Gregor Johann Mendel (Father of Genetics). [IPE]

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

→ During the 20th century rapid development took place with the discovery of mutations by Hugo devries, double helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick etc.

→ Indian Scientist V.S.Rama Das made his contribution to C4- photosynthesis.

→ P.K.K.Nair and C.G.K.Ramanujan developed the science of Pollengrains called Palynology.

→ The books written by Parasara: “KrishiParasaram” and “VrikshayitfvedM”. [IPE]

→ Krishiparsaram deals with agriculture and weeds. [IPE]

→ Vrikshayurvedam deals with the types of forests and plants including medicinal plants. [IPE]

→ Palaeobotany is the study of fossil plants. [IPE]

→ It helps in understanding the course of evolution in plants. [IPE]

→ Phycology deals with the study of chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes (Algae)

→ Mycology deals with the study of non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes (fungi)

→ Pteridophytes are called Vascular cryptogams. [IPE]

→ Pteridology is the branch that deals with pteridophytes. [IPE]

AP Inter 1st Year Botany Notes Chapter 3 Science of Plants – Botany

→ Bryophytes are called amphibians of plant kingdom.

→ Bryology deals with bryophytes.

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