AP Board 9th Class Social Political Science Notes 5th Lesson Democratic Rights
→ The most properly elected rulers working through the established institutional process must learn not to cross some limits. Citizens’ democratic rights set those limits in a democracy.
→ Amnesty International, an International human rights organisation, collected information on the condition of the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws.
→ Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women.
→ The Albanians were forced to leave their country. This is the cause for the ethnic massacre to take place in Kosovo.
→ Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority.
→ Rights are claims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the government.
→ In India, some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are called Fundamental Rights.
→ The Constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws.
→ Under the Indian Constitution all citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, rigfit to assembly in a peaceful manner, right to form associations and unions, right to move freely throughout the country, right to reside in any part of the country, right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
→ Once the right to liberty and equality is granted, it follows that every citizen has a right not to be exploited.
→ Right to freedom includes right to freedom of religion as well.
→ It is the language, culture and religion of minorities that needs special protection. Otherwise, they may get neglected under the impact of the language, religion and culture of the majority. That’s why the constitution specifies the cultural and educational rights of the minorities.
→ Right to Constitutional Remedies makes other Fundamental Rights effective. Dr. Ambedkar called the Right to Constitutional Remedies, ‘the heart and soul’ of our constitution.
→ National Human Rights Commission is appointed by the President and includes retired judges, officers and eminent citizens.
→ NHRC does not have the burden of deciding court case. So it can focus on helping the victims secure their human rights.
→ Constitution provides many more rights which may not be Fundamental Rights over the years the scope of rights has expanded.
→ The International covenant recognizes many rights that are not directly a part of the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
→ Kosovo was a province of Yugoslavia before it separated. The Serbians were in a majority in Yugoslavia, and the ethnic Albanians were in Majority in Kosovo.
→ Milosevic was elected as the leader of the country, As he was a Serbian he wanted to establish domination in the country.
→ Thus large-scale attacks on the ethnie Albanians were carried out by the soldiers thousands of Albania were killed in Josovo.
→ Many countries intervened to end this massacre. Milosevic was later tried by an Inter National Court of Justice for committing crimes against humanity.
→ While Saudi Arabia shows as the feature of a dectorial government. Guantanamo Bay prison shows us how civil rights such as the right to live and detention without trial were denied to people.
→ Kosovo is an example of an elected government carrying out the massacre of an ethnie minority.
→ Amnesty International : An International Organisation of volunteers who campaign for human rights. This organisation brings out independent reports on the violation of human rights all oyer the world.
→ Claim : Demand for legal or moral entitlements on person makes on fellow citizens, society or the government.
→ Covenant : Promise made by individuals, groups or countries to uphold a rule or principle. It is legally binding on the signatories to the agreement or statement.
→ Dalit : A person who belongs to the castes which were considered low and not touchable by others. Dalits are also known by other names such as the scheduled castes, depended classes etc.
→ Ethnic group : An ethnic group is a human population whose members usually identify with each other on the basis of a common ancestry. People of an ethnic group are united by cultural practices, religious beliefs and historical memories.
→ Traffic : Selling and buying of men, women or children for immoral purposed.
→ Summon : An order issued by a court asking a person to appear before it.
→ Right to Equality : The law apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status.
→ Right to freedom : It generates liberty of expression & speech, association, or assembly practice any profession etc.
→ Right against Exploitation : It includes the dignity and freedom of a person and prohibits forced labour, and human trafficking etc.
→ Right to Freedom of : This right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with other, to manifest his religion or worship.
→ Cultural and educational Rights : It provide the rights of all section of society and it saves their culture, script and language.
→ Right to constitutional remedies : It support the protection of fundamental rights and ensure that people whose fundamental rights have been violated can seek relief directly from High Court & Supreme Court.