AP 9th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson Questions and Answers The Story of Village Palampur

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The Story of Village Palampur Questions and Answers AP 9th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson

Question 1.
Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information of Palampur.
a) LOCATION :
b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE :
c) LAND USE (in hectares) :

Cultivated land		Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground)
Irrigated	Unirrigated
		26 hectares

d) FACILITIES :

Educational

Medical

Market

Electricity Supply

Communication

Nearest Town

Answer:
(a) Location :
1. Palampur is well-connected with a big village Raiganj, just 3 kms away.
2. There is a small town of Shahpur nearer to Palampur.
(b) Total area of the village : 166 hectares.
(c) Land use : 140 hectares.
(d) Facilities
Education : The village has two primary schools and one high school.
Medical : One Primary Health Care Centre and one private dispensary.
Market : 1. Some goods are sold in their own village.
2. Most of the goods are carried to nearby markets of Raiganj and Shahpur.
Electricity Supply : Most of the houses have electric connections.
Communication : The village has well communication i.e., postal, telephones etc.
Nearest Town : Shahpur

Question 2.
Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree ?
Answer:

• Yes, I agree that modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry.
• Ex – High Yielding Variety of seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

Question 3.
How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
Answer:

• The spread of electricity helped to develop system.
• With electric – run tube wells, they could irrigate much larger areas.
• Due to irrigation, there are able to grow more crops on a piece of land which is known as multiple cropping.

Question 4.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? Why ?
Answer:

• Yes, it is important to increase area under irrigation.
• With irrigation facilities we can produce more from the same land.
• Irrigation facilities retain soil fertility.
• With irrigation – we can grow multiple crops on the same piece of land.

Question 5.
Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
Answer:

Type of farmer	No. of families
1. Landless farmers	150
2. Small land holding i.e less than 2 hectares in size.	240
3. Medium and large farmers i.e. farmers having more than 2 hectares of land in size.	60
Total families	450

Question 6.
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer:

• There is a heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur.
• Hence people agree to work for lower wages.
• A farm labourer gets only Rsl60/- per day whereas the governments rate is Rs.300/- per day.

Question 7.
In your region, talk to two farmers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get ? Are they paid in cash or kind ? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt ?
Answer:

–	Farm Labourer	Construction Labourer
Wages	Rs 500 – per men	Rs 600 – per men
–	Rs 300 – per women	Rs 400 – per women
Cash or kind	Cash	Cash
Work	Seasonal work	Regular work
About debt	All are in debts	A few are in debts

Question 8.
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land ? Use examples to explain.
Answer:

1. With a well developed system of irrigation we can increase production on a same piece of land.
2. Multiple cropping is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.
3. The other way is to use modern farming methods for higher yield.
4. Use of HYV seeds can also increase the production.

Question 9.
Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:

• A farmer with one hectare of land can be called as a small farmer.
• He cannot afford machines or tractors or modern methods of cultivation.
• All farm activities i.e. ploughing, sowing of seeds, Spraying of pesticides, cultivation of crops and cutting of crops is done by traditional methods only.
• Most of the produce can be used for self consumption.
• Produce which is not consumed is sold in the local markets only.

Question 10.
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming ? How is it different from the small farmers ?
Answer:

• The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.
• They are able to arrange the capital for farming from banks as loan at reasonable.
• Whereas most small farmers have to borrow money rated interest from the large farmers or village moneylenders.
• Rate of interest on these loans is high.
• Hence, they hardly have any savings.

Question 11.
On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh ? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest ?
Answer:

• Tajpal Singh agreed to give Savita a loan for high rate of interest.
• Further she has to work in his farm for low wage.
• Her condition would be better if she gets loan from bank at low rate.
• And she can save money.

Question 12.
Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
Answer:
I have/discussed with the old residents and conclude the following.

About Irrigation:

• Persian wheels were used by farmers to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields.
• Now people are using electric-run tube wells to irrigate larger areas of land, more effectively.

Production Methods:

• Previously less machines were used for farming and traditional methods were followed.
• Now, they are using modern methods i.e. use of HYV of seeds to grow more produce on the same piece of land.

Question 13.
What are the non – farm production .activities taking place in your region ? Make a short list.
Answer:
The non-farm activities are

• Dairy – the other common activity.
• Small scale manufacturing.
  Ex:- Making of Jaggery from sugarcane.
  • The shopkeepers
  • Transportation – a fast developing sector.

Question 14.
What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages ?
Answer:
The following are needed to increase non-farm production activities.

• Infrastructural facilities like, tele-communications, transportation, continuous supply of electricity etc. are to be developed.
• The government has to give subsidies to establish manufacturing units.
• More educational units are to be established to produce skilled labour.
• Banks have to give loans at low rate with less documents.

AP 9th Class Social Economics 1st Lesson InText Questions and Answers The Story of Village Palampur

Page No : 16,19

Question 1.
The following Table shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided. What does the graph show? Discuss in class.
Cultivated area over the years

Year	Cultivated Area (in Million hectares)
1950-51	132
1990-91	186
2000-01	186
2010-2011 (p)	198
2011-2012 (p)	196
2012-2013 (p)	194
2013-2014 (p)	201
2014-2015 (p)	198
2015-2016 (p)	197
2016-2017 (p)	200

Answer:

• The cultivated area in 1950-51 was low and increased by 54 million hectares by 1990-91.
• The cultivated area remained constant between 1990-91 to 2000-2001
• There was a slight increase of “12” million hectares between 2000-01 to 2010-11.
• There was a decrease of 2 million hectares in the cultivated area for the next two years.
• Between 2012-13 and 2013-14 there was a increase of 5 million hectares.
• By the next year there was a decrease of 3 million hectares.
  Conclusion :
  • 1) We can conclude that there was a drastic increase in the cultivated area for the first four decades of independence. 5
  • 2) There ate slight fluctuation in the cultivated area after 1990-91.

Question 2.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? Why ?
Answer:
Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation. The reasons are.

• To increase crop production.
• To reduce poverty among farmers.
• To avoid losses occurring due to lack of rainfall or bad monsoons.

Question 3.
You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on information on the crops grown in your region.

Name of crop	Month sown	Month Harvested	Sources of irrigation (rain, tanks, tubewells, canals, etc.)
–	–	–	–

Answer:

Name of crop	Month sown	Month Harvested	Sources of irrigation (rain, tanks, tubewells, canals, etc.)
Jowar & Bajra	July	September	Rainfall
Wheat	January	June	Tubewells
Rice	July	December	Rainfall
Potato	October	December	Tubewells

Page No. 20

Question 4.
What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?
Answer:

Multiple Cropping	Modern Farming
1. The same piece of land is used for growing different crops.	1. Only one crop is grown on a certain land with modern methods.
2. This is traditional way of farming.	2. Here we use high yielding variety of seeds, chemicals and pesticides.
3. Yield is low	3. Yield is high.
4. Pump sets, electrification is not needed.	4. Pump sets and electrification are needed.
5. More labour are required.	5. Less labour and use of machines is high.

Question 5.
The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops. Discuss.
Production of pulses and wheat (in Million Tonnes)

Year	Production of pulses	Production of wheat
1965-66	10	10
1970-71	12	24
1980-81	11	36
1990-91	14	55
2000-01	11	70
2010-11	18	87
2012-13	18	94
2013-14	19	96
2014-15	17	87
2015-16	17	94
2016-17	23	99
2017-18	25	100
2018-19	23	104
2019-20	23	108

Answer:

• No the green revolution is not good for both the crops. It is good for wheat and so the wheat production increased.
• Production of pulses did not increase.

Question 6.
What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Answer:
The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods are as follows.

• To purchase high yielding variety of seeds.
• To purchase pump sets and electricity.
• Cash is also needed to purchase fertilizers and pesticides.
  Hence we can say heavy working capital is required for modern farming.

Question 7.
Modern farming methods require the farmer to start with more cash than before. Why?
Answer:

• Modern equipment needed for modern farming.
• HYV seeds, pesticides, chemicals are required for modern farming.
  Hence farmers require more cash for practicing modern farming.

Page No. 24

Question 8.
In the Picture, can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?

Answer:
Yes, all small plots are cultivated by the small farmers.

Question 9.
Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land ?
Answer:

• Unequal distribution of land is the main reason for farmers to cultivate small plots.
• Out of 450 families “80” upper caste families own the majority of land in the village.
• 250 families cultivated small plots.
• Unequal distribution of land is due to the hereditary laws.
• Landless remain landless and richer remain richer.

Question 10.
The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following graph. Discuss in the classroom.

Answer:

1. The first pie diagram shows the total cultivated area and second diagram shows the number of farmers
2. 44.6% of land is cultivated by marginal and small farmers and 55.4% of land is culti-vated by medium, semi medium and large farmers.
3. 85% of the small farmer who are more in number hold 44.6% of land.
4. Whereas 15% of medium and large farmers who are less in number hold 55.4% of land.
5. The above pie diagram shows the unequal distribution of land.

Question 11.
Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India ? Explain.
Answer:

• Yes, I agree that the land is distributed unequally in Palampur.
• Out of 450 families l/3rd of the families are landless and 245 families hold less than 2 hectares of land.
• Yes, similar situation is seen throughout India.
• Rich farmers have large land holding.
• Small and Marginal farmers have less land holding.

Question 12.
Identify the work being done on the field in the Pictures and arrange them in a proper sequence.

Answer:
The correct arrangement of the work being done on the field in the Picture is as follows:

• Cultivation by traditional methods,
• Cultivation by modern methods,
• Ploughing,
• Sowing,
• Spraying of insecticides,
• Cutting of crops

Page No. 28

Question 13.
Why are farm labourers like Data and Ramkali poor?
Answer:

• Both Dala and Ramkali are landless.
• They work in the fields of the large farmers.
• Due to the use of modern machines, the workers demand has become less.
• Their work is seasonal and sometimes they work in the field only for 5 months in an year.
• They are in debts and become more poor day by day.

Question 14.
Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 house-holds in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across India. Why do people migrate ? Can you describe (based on your imagination) the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination ?
Answer:

• People, generally migrate to near by towns for their livelihood.
• They may be poor and landless. Hence in search of job, they migrate.
• Some people who are educated, find it difficult to find jobs in village and hence they migrate.
• There is a lot of demand in cities for labour to work on construction sites, to work as carpenters, plumbers and to work in hotels.

Question 15.
We have read about the three factors of production – land, labour and capital – and how they are used in farming. Let us fill in the blanks given below.
Among the three factors of production, we found that labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages, whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or 1 . They are paid low wages, and lead a difficult life.

In contrast to labour, 2 is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated land area is 3 . Moreover, even the existing land is distributed 4 (equally / unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are a large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourer. To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use 5 and 6 . Both these have led to increase in production of crops.

Modern farming methods require a great deal of 7 Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital, and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production. 8 is a natural resource, whereas 9 is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.
Answer:

1. small farmers
2. land
3. fixed
4. unequally
5. Pesticides
6. fertilizers
7. capital
8. land
9. capital

Page No. 32

Question 16.
Let us take three farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see Column 2). The consumption of wheat by each farmer family is the same (Column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year’s production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production. Complete the tables.
Farmer 1

	Production	Consumption	Surplus Production Consumption	Capital for next year
Year 1	100	40	60	60
Year 2	120	40
Year 3		40

Farmer 2

	Production	Consumption	Surplus Production Consumption	Capital for next year
Year 1	80	40
Year 2		40
Year 3		40

Farmer 3

	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for next year
Year 1	60	40
Year 2		40
Year 3		40

Answer:
Farmer 1

	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for next year
Year 1	100	40	60	60
Year 2	120	40	80	80
Year 3	160	40	120	120

Farmer 2

	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for next year
Year 1	80	40	40	40
Year 2	80	40	40	40
Year 3	80	40	40	40

Farmer 3

	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for next year
Year 1	60	40	20	20
Year 2	40	40	00	00
Year 3	00	40	40	40

Question 17.
Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.

	Farmer 1	Farmer 2	Farmer 3
Year 1	100	80	60
Year 2	120	80	40
Year 3	160	80	00

Answer:

• The production of farmer 1 is increasing year after year due to surplus production.
• The production of farmer 2 is stable ie., neither increasing nor decreasing.
• The production of farmer 3 is decreasing year after year due to lack of surplus production.

Question 18.
What happens to Farmer 3 in Year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?
Answer:

• Farmer 3 cannot carry on farm activity in the 3rd year as there is no capital to invest.
• He cannot continue production.
• If he want to continue production, he has to borrow money from local money lenders or bank.
• Hence, he will be in debts.

Question 19.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Mishrilalhas purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine run on electricity and has set it up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullocks, but people prefer to do it by machines these days. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders at Shahpur. In the process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.

Question 1.
What capital did Mishrilal need to setup his jaggery manufacturing unit ?
Answer:
He needed capital to purchase mechanical sugarcane crushing machine.

Question 2.
Who provides the labour in this case ?
Answer:
Landless labour are the labour to work in sugar factory.

Question 3.
Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to iqcrease his profits?
Answer:
He does not sell the jaggery to the consumers. There are traders who sell the product at higher costs.

Question 4.
Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss ?
Answer:

• As sugarcane production is seasonal.
• He is Carrying business on small scale.
• He does not sell the product directly to the consumers.

Question 5.
Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village ?
Answer:
Consumption of jaggery is not much in his village, hence he sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur.

Question 20.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Kareem has opened a computer class centre in the village. In recent years a large number of students have been attending college in Shahpur town. Kareem found that a number of students from the village are also attending computer classes in the town. There were two women in the village who had a degree in computer applications. He decided to employ them. He bought computers and set up the classes in the front room of their house overlooking the market. High school students have started attending them in good numbers.

Question 1.
In what ways is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal’s ?
Answer:

• Mishrilal heed capital to purchase a machine whereas Kareem needed capital to purchase computers.
• Kareem gave employment to skilled labour.
• Whereas unskilled labour work in sugar manufacturing units.

Question 2.
Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier ? Discuss the possible reasons.
Answer:

• Due to less awareness on computer education.
• Lack of skilled workers to run a computer training shop.

Page No. 34 & 36

Question 21.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Kishora is a farm labourer Like-other such labourers. Kishora found it difficult to meet his family’s needs from the wages that he received. A few years back Kishora took a loan from the bank. This was under a government programme which was giving cheap loans to poor landless households. Kishora bought a-buffalo with this money. He now sells the buffalo’s milk. Further, he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various. items. Once a week, he goes to the river Ganga to bring back day for the potter.Or sometimes he goes to Shahpur with a load of jaggery another commodities. Every month he gets some work in transport. As a result, Kishora is able to earn more than what he used to do some years back.

Question 1.
What is Kishora’s fixed capital ?
Answer:
His buffalo is his fixed capital.

Question 2.
What do you think would be his working capital ?
Answer:
Maintenance of buffalo, a wooden cart is his working capital.

Question 3.
In how many production activities is Kishora involved ?
Answer:
He is involved in three activities.

• Selling of milk
• Bringing of clay for potter.
• Takes a Ipad of Jaggery on his cart.
• He sometimes works in transportation.

Question 4.
Would you say that Kishora has benefitted from better roads in Palampur ?
Answer:

• He takes loads of Jaggery and other goods to towns and cities.
• He works in transport of goods and services on his cart.
• Hence we can say he is benefitted from better roads.

Page No. 20

Question 1.
During your held visit talk to some formers of your region. Find out:
1) What kind of farming methods – modern or traditional or mixed- do the farmers use? Write a note.
Answer:
Most of the farmers in my region use modern farming methods. However some of the farmers still follow traditional farming methods, because these farmers are too poor to follow modern farming methods which need more cash.

2) What are the sources of irrigation?
Answer:
A majority of the farmers in our region continue to depend on monsoon as a source of irrigation. Other sources are tube well, canals, river etc.

3) How much of the cultivated land is irrigated? (very little/nearly half/ majority/all)
Answer:
Nearly half of the cultivated land.is.irrigated.

4) From where do farmers obtain the inputs that they require?
Answer:
Farmers obtain the equipped inputs from the traders of the city.

Question 2.
After reading the following reports from newspapers/magazines, write a letter to the Agriculture Minister in your own words telling him how the use of chemical fertilizers can be harmful.
Answer:
To,
The Agriculture Minister,
Dept, of Agricultur,
New Delhi/
Sir/Madam,

Sub : The effects of chemical fertilisers.

This letter is to divert your attention to the ill effects of chemical fertilisers on our health and soil fertility. To grow more from the same land farmers use these fertilisers ’ in very high quantity without realising its effects. These fertilisers escape from the soil and pollute ground water, rivers and lakes. When we drink this polluted water it effects our health. Also, these chemical fertilisers kill bacteria and other microrganisms in the soil. It effects the fertility of soil.
The continuous use of chemical fertilisers has led to the degradation of soil health. The farmers are now forced tause more and more chemical fertilisers and other inputs to achieve the same production level. This has increased the cost of production as a result the prices of crops have increased. As chemical fertilisers are harmful for our environment and health government should restrict their use. It should encourage farmers to use bio fertilisers and manure. I hope the ministry concerned will pay attention to it.

Thanking you,
Yours Sincerely,
ABC.