AP Board 9th Class Social Economics Notes 1st Lesson The Story of Village Palampur
→ Farming is the main activity in Palampur and various several other non-farm activities are carried out on a small scale.
→ Palampur is well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns.
→ The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want.
→ Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital which are known as factors of production.
→ The land area under cultivation is fixed and there is no scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.
→ To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.
→ Multiple crops are grown in Palampur.
→ The Green Revolution in the late 1960s and use of high yielding varieties of seeds has increased the production of wheat in Palampur.
→ The Green Revolution is associated with the loss of fertility and led to the depletion of the Water-table.
→ There is unequal distribution of land in Palampur. One third of the 450 families are landless and 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size.
→ Farming requires great deal of hand work.
→ Wages vary widely from region to region from crop to crop and from one farm activity to other farm activity.
4 Farming methods require a great deal of capital, most of the small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for capital medium and large farmers have their savings.
→ Medium and large farmers supply surplus wheat to the market.
→ There are 25% of people who are engaged in Non-farm activities such as dairy, small manufacturing, transport business and certain people work as shopkeepers.
→ Unlike farming, non-farming activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities.
→ To obtain capital, one can either use his own savings or can take a loan. It is important that loan can be available at lower rate of interest so that even people without saving can start some non-farm activity.
→ Labour : Physical worker.
→ Capital : Capital is typically cash or liquid assets being held or obtained for expenditures.
→ Human capital : The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.
→ Agriculture : The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
→ Irrigation : Irrigation is the process of supplying water in fields through man made sources like wells, under-ground water, small and big dams etc.
→ Fertility : The quality of being fertile; productiveness.
→ Manufacture : Make (something) on a large scale using machinery.
→ Yield : Produce or provide.
→ Non-farming activities : Non-farming activities do not involve farming as the source of income. -These activities are important in establishing a market in a rural or suburban area. These activities provide scope of employment to the landless workers.
→ Factors of Production : In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output-that is, goods and services.
→ Bigha, Guintha : The standard unit of measuring land is hectare, though in the villages you may find land area being discussed in local units such as bigha, guintha etc.
→ Kharif : The Autumn crop sown at the beginning of the Summer rains.
→ Rabi : The grain crop sown in September and reaped in the spring.
→ HYVs : High Yield Variety (HYV) seeds were developed by scientists to improve food supplies and reduce famine in developing countries. These HYV or ‘miracle’ seeds can produce up to ten times more crops than regular seeds on the same area of land.
→ Multiple cropping : The growing of two or more crops together or one after another on the same land in the same cropping season.
→ Modern farming : The word modern farming means the use of modern technologies, techniques and science for increasing farming productions.