AP Board 8th Class Social Politics Notes 7th Lesson Understanding Marginalisation
→ Adivasis – the term literally means “original inhabitants” – are communities who lived and often continue to live, in close relationship with forests.
→ The Adivasis are not a homogenous population, there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
→ Adivasis are numerous in states like Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, A.P., West Bengal and in North – Eastern states,
→ Adivasis practice a range of tribal religions.
→ These always involve the worship of ancestors, village and nature spirits such as mountain spirits – river spirits, animal spirits, etc.
→ During 19th century, substancial number of Adivasis converted into Christianity.
→ We seem to know, very little about the realities of Adivasis.
→ Forests covered the major part of the our country till the 19th century and Adivasis had a deep knowledge of, access to these forests at least till the end of the 19th century.
→ In the pre colonial period, they were hunter – gatherers, and nomads and lived by shifting agriculture and also cultivating in one place.
→ They were forced to migrate, to work in planatations, to work at constructions sites, to work in industries and in household work.
→ Thus, they lost direct access to the forest territories.
→ Adivasis also lived in areas that are rich in minerals and other natural resources. These are taken for mining and other large industrial projects.
→ Huge tracks of their lands have also gave under the waters of hundreds of dams that have been built in independent India.
→ Losing their lands and access to the forest means that tribals lose their main sources of livelihood and food. Thus,
they get caught in a cycle of poverty and deprivation.
→ They lose their traditions and customs.
→ The term minority is most commonly used to refer to communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population.
→ Muslims are 14.2% of India’s population and are considered to be a maginalized community.
→ The Muslims in India were lagging behind in terms of various development indicators.
→ Finally- the marginalized.
→ DALIT : A member of the lowest class in India.
→ ADIVASI : The Tribes of Indian sub-continent, who are considered to be the indigenous people of India. (OR)
Original inhabitant.
→ COSTUME : A set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country or historical period.
→ NOMADS : A member of a people that travels from palce to place to find fresh pasture for its animals and has no permanent home.
→ INTERPRET : Explain the meaning of.
→ Hierarchy : A graded system or arrangement of persons or things.
→ Ghettoisation : A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community.
→ Main stream :
- Literally it means – the main current of a river or stream.
- In this chapter it refers a cultural context in which the customs and practices that are followed are those of a dominant community.
Displaced : People who are forced or compelled to move from their homes for big development projects including dams, mining, etc.